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King L, Bernaitis N, Christie D, Chess-Williams R, Sellers D, McDermott C, Dare W, Anoopkumar-Dukie S. Drivers of Radioresistance in Prostate Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195637. [PMID: 36233505 PMCID: PMC9573022 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Radiotherapy remains one of the first-line treatments in localised disease and may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other treatments such as androgen deprivation therapy or radical prostatectomy. Despite advancements in delivery methods and techniques, radiotherapy has been unable to totally overcome radioresistance resulting in treatment failure or recurrence of previously treated PCa. Various factors have been linked to the development of tumour radioresistance including abnormal tumour vasculature, oxygen depletion, glucose and energy deprivation, changes in gene expression and proteome alterations. Understanding the biological mechanisms behind radioresistance is essential in the development of therapies that are able to produce both initial and sustained response to radiotherapy. This review will investigate the different biological mechanisms utilised by PCa tumours to drive radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam King
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia or
- Ramsay Pharmacy Group, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Nijole Bernaitis
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia or
| | - David Christie
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia or
- GenesisCare, Gold Coast, QLD 4224, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia
| | - Russ Chess-Williams
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia
| | - Donna Sellers
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia
| | - Catherine McDermott
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia
| | - Wendy Dare
- Ramsay Pharmacy Group, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(0)-7-5552-7725
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Qu J, Lu W, Chen M, Gao W, Zhang C, Guo B, Yang J. Combined effect of recombinant human adenovirus p53 and curcumin in the treatment of liver cancer. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:18. [PMID: 32934683 PMCID: PMC7471865 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of an effective therapeutic intervention for liver cancer is a worldwide challenge that remains to be adequately addressed. Of note, TP53, which encodes the p53 protein, is an important tumor suppressor gene, 61% of TP53 is functionally inactivated in liver cancer. Recombinant human adenovirus p53 (rAd-p53) is the first commercial product that has been used for gene therapy. In the present study, the combined mechanistic effects of rAd-p53 and curcumin, a naturally occurring compound with previously reported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancer properties, were assessed in liver cancer cells, using HepG2 cells as the model cell line. The administration of either curcumin or rAd-p53 promoted apoptosis, suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and blocked G2/M phase progression in HepG2 cells, which were potentiated further when both agents were applied together. Combined rAd-p53 and curcumin treatment resulted in higher p53 (P<0.01) and p21 (P<0.01) expression compared with rAd-p53 or curcumin were added alone, suggesting an additive effect on TP53 expression. Additionally, curcumin and rAd-p53 were demonstrated to regulate the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and JNK. These results indicated that the combination of rAd-p53 with curcumin synergistically potentiates apoptosis and inhibit EMT compared with either rAd-p53 or curcumin treatment alone via the regulation of TP53 regulation. Mechanistically, this effect on TP53 expression may involve the ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways. The current study provides new insights that can potentially advance the development of therapeutic strategies for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Hepatopathy and Hepatic Oncology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Hepatopathy and Hepatic Oncology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Hepatopathy and Hepatic Oncology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Bin Guo
- College of Acu-moxibustion and Massage, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Jizhi Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chentangzhuang Street Health Service Center, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
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Hassan M, Nakayama M, Salah M, Akasaka H, Kubota H, Nakahana M, Tagawa T, Morita K, Nakaoka A, Ishihara T, Miyawaki D, Yoshida K, Nishimura Y, Ogino C, Sasaki R. A Comparative Assessment of Mechanisms and Effectiveness of Radiosensitization by Titanium Peroxide and Gold Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061125. [PMID: 32517328 PMCID: PMC7353194 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of potentially safe radiosensitizing agents is essential to enhance the treatment outcomes of radioresistant cancers. The titanium peroxide nanoparticle (TiOxNP) was originally produced using the titanium dioxide nanoparticle, and it showed excellent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in response to ionizing radiation. Surface coating the TiOxNPs with polyacrylic acid (PAA) showed low toxicity to the living body and excellent radiosensitizing effect on cancer cells. Herein, we evaluated the mechanism of radiosensitization by PAA-TiOxNPs in comparison with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) which represent high-atomic-number nanoparticles that show a radiosensitizing effect through the emission of secondary electrons. The anticancer effects of both nanoparticles were compared by induction of apoptosis, colony-forming assay, and the inhibition of tumor growth. PAA-TiOxNPs showed a significantly more radiosensitizing effect than that of AuNPs. A comparison of the types and amounts of ROS generated showed that hydrogen peroxide generation by PAA-TiOxNPs was the major factor that contributed to the nanoparticle radiosensitization. Importantly, PAA-TiOxNPs were generally nontoxic to healthy mice and caused no histological abnormalities in the liver, kidney, lung, and heart tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mennaallah Hassan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.H.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (M.N.); (T.T.); (A.N.); (T.I.); (D.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Masao Nakayama
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.H.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (M.N.); (T.T.); (A.N.); (T.I.); (D.M.); (K.Y.)
- Discipline of Medical Radiations, School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora Campus, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Mohammed Salah
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.H.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (M.N.); (T.T.); (A.N.); (T.I.); (D.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83522, Egypt
| | - Hiroaki Akasaka
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.H.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (M.N.); (T.T.); (A.N.); (T.I.); (D.M.); (K.Y.)
| | - Hikaru Kubota
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.H.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (M.N.); (T.T.); (A.N.); (T.I.); (D.M.); (K.Y.)
| | - Makiko Nakahana
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.H.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (M.N.); (T.T.); (A.N.); (T.I.); (D.M.); (K.Y.)
| | - Tatsuichiro Tagawa
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.H.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (M.N.); (T.T.); (A.N.); (T.I.); (D.M.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kenta Morita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (C.O.)
- Research Facility Center for Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ai Nakaoka
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.H.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (M.N.); (T.T.); (A.N.); (T.I.); (D.M.); (K.Y.)
| | - Takeaki Ishihara
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.H.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (M.N.); (T.T.); (A.N.); (T.I.); (D.M.); (K.Y.)
| | - Daisuke Miyawaki
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.H.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (M.N.); (T.T.); (A.N.); (T.I.); (D.M.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kenji Yoshida
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.H.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (M.N.); (T.T.); (A.N.); (T.I.); (D.M.); (K.Y.)
| | - Yuya Nishimura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (C.O.)
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (C.O.)
| | - Ryohei Sasaki
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.H.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (M.N.); (T.T.); (A.N.); (T.I.); (D.M.); (K.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-78-3825687; Fax: +81-78-3826734
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Combination of cabazitaxel and p53 gene therapy abolishes prostate carcinoma tumor growth. Gene Ther 2019; 27:15-26. [PMID: 30926960 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
For patients with metastatic prostate cancer, the 5-year survival rate of 31% points to a need for novel therapies and improvement of existing modalities. We propose that p53 gene therapy and chemotherapy, when combined, will provide superior tumor cell killing for the treatment of prostate carcinoma. To this end, we have developed the AdRGD-PGp53 vector which offers autoregulated expression of p53, resulting in enhanced tumor cell killing in vitro and in vivo. Here, we combined AdRGD-PGp53 along with the chemotherapy drugs used in the clinical treatment of prostate carcinoma, mitoxantrone, docetaxel, or cabazitaxel. Our results indicate that all drugs increase phosphorylation of p53, leading to improved induction of p53 targets. In vitro experiments reveal that AdRGD-PGp53 sensitizes prostate cancer cells to each of the drugs tested, conferring increased levels of cell death. In a xenograft mouse model of in situ gene therapy, AdRGD-PGp53 treatment, when combined with cabazitaxel, drastically reduced tumor progression and increased survival rates to 100%. Strikingly, we used a sub-therapeutic dose of cabazitaxel thus avoiding leukopenia, yet still showed potent anti-tumor effects when combined with AdRGD-PGp53 in this mouse model. The AdRGD-PGp53 approach warrants further development for its application in gene therapy of prostate carcinoma.
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Combination of p53-DC vaccine and rAd-p53 gene therapy induced CTLs cytotoxic against p53-deleted human prostate cancer cells in vitro. Cancer Gene Ther 2017. [PMID: 28621316 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2017.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the US FDA approved sipuleucel-T, which is composed of autologous DCs stimulated with a recombinant fusion protein of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), as the first immunotherapeutic agent for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, sipuleucel-T demonstrated only modest efficacy in mCPRC patients. Researchers are now investigating the potential of p53 protein as a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) loaded in DC-based cancer vaccine. Approximately half of all tumors overexpress p53, and up to 20% of prostate cancer cells overexpresses p53. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of combining p53-DC vaccine and rAd-p53 gene therapy, using the p53-overexpressing and non-expressing prostate cancer cells in vitro. We successfully generated the p53-DC vaccine by culturing autologous DCs infected with rAd-p53. This p53-DC vaccine can differentiate CTLs specifically cytotoxic to p53-overexpressing prostate cancer cells. In addition, rAd-p53 infection can induce overexpression of p53 and thus the cytotoxicity of CTLs differentiated by the p53-DC vaccine in p53 non-expressing prostate cancer cells. These findings suggest that this combination therapy using p53-DC vaccine and rAd-p53 gene therapy together may represent a new paradigm for the treatment of mCRPC.
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Tamura RE, Hunger A, Fernandes DC, Laurindo FR, Costanzi-Strauss E, Strauss BE. Induction of Oxidants Distinguishes Susceptibility of Prostate Carcinoma Cell Lines to p53 Gene Transfer Mediated by an Improved Adenoviral Vector. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 28:639-653. [PMID: 28181816 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, the authors developed an adenoviral vector, Ad-PG, where transgene expression is regulated by a p53-responsive promoter. When used to transfer the p53 cDNA, a positive feedback mechanism is established. In the present study, a critical comparison is performed between Ad-PGp53 and AdRGD-PGp53, where the RGD motif was incorporated in the adenoviral fiber protein. AdRGD-PGp53 provided superior transgene expression levels and resulted in the killing of prostate carcinoma cell lines DU145 and PC3. In vitro, this effect was associated with increased production of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial oxidants, DNA damage as revealed by detection of phosphorylated H2AX, as well as cell death consistent with apoptosis. Differential gene expression of key mediators of reactive oxygen species pathways was also observed. Specifically, it was noted that induction of known p53-target genes Sestrin2 and PIG3, as well as a novel target, NOX1, occurred in PC3 cells only when transduced with the improved vector, AdRGD-PGp53. The participation of NOX1 was confirmed upon its inhibition using a specific peptide, resulting in reduced cell death. In situ gene therapy also resulted in significantly improved inhibition of tumor progression consistent with oxidant-induced DNA damage only when treated with the novel AdRGD-PGp53 vector. The study shows that the improved adenovirus overcomes limitations associated with other p53-expressing vectors and induces oxidant-mediating killing, thus supporting its further development for cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Esaki Tamura
- 1 Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM24, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Hunger
- 1 Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM24, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise C Fernandes
- 2 Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco R Laurindo
- 2 Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eugenia Costanzi-Strauss
- 3 Gene Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- 1 Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM24, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
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Akasaka H, Mizushina Y, Yoshida K, Ejima Y, Mukumoto N, Wang T, Inubushi S, Nakayama M, Wakahara Y, Sasaki R. MGDG extracted from spinach enhances the cytotoxicity of radiation in pancreatic cancer cells. Radiat Oncol 2016; 11:153. [PMID: 27876069 PMCID: PMC5120455 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-016-0729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our previous study, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) purified from spinach was found to have cytotoxic effects in human cancer cell lines. This study further assessed whether MGDG can enhance the cytotoxic effects of radiation in human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Glycoglycerolipids from spinach including MGDG were extracted from dried spinach. The cytotoxicity of MGDG were evaluated by the MTT assay using four human pancreatic cancer cell lines (MIAPaCa-2, AsPC-1, BxPC-3 and PANC-1) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). The effects of radiation and MGDG alone or in combination in MIAPaCa-2 cells was analyzed with the colony forming and apoptosis assays, western blotting and cell cycle and DNA damage analyses (γ-H2AX foci staining and comet assay). The inhibitory effects on tumor growth were assessed in a mouse xenograft tumor model. RESULTS MGDG showed dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) in PANC-1, BxPC-3, MIAPaCa-2 and AsPC-1 cells at 72 h of 25.6 ± 2.5, 26.9 ± 1.3, 18.5 ± 1.7, and 22.7 ± 1.9 μM, respectively. The colony forming assay revealed fewer MIAPaCa-2, BxPC-3 and AsPC-1 cell colonies upon treatment with both MGDG and radiation as compared to irradiation alone (P < 0.05). The combination of MGDG and radiation induced a higher proportion of apoptosis in MIAPaCa-2 cells; this effect was associated with increased mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and activation of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase-3. DNA damage was detected and DNA repair mechanisms were more frequently impaired in cells receiving the combination treatment as compared to either one alone. Tumor growth was inhibited to a greater degree in mice treated by intratumoral injection of MGDG combined with irradiation as compared to either one alone (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This is the first report demonstrating that MGDG enhances the cytotoxicity of radiation to induce apoptosis of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our findings indicate that this therapeutic combination can be an effective strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Akasaka
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizushina
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa-mura, Kamiina-gun, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshida
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ejima
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naritoshi Mukumoto
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Sachiko Inubushi
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masao Nakayama
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yuki Wakahara
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sasaki
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.
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Tamura RE, da Silva Soares RB, Costanzi-Strauss E, Strauss BE. Autoregulated expression of p53 from an adenoviral vector confers superior tumor inhibition in a model of prostate carcinoma gene therapy. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:1221-1230. [PMID: 27646031 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1235655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative treatments for cancer using gene therapy approaches have shown promising results and some have even reached the marketplace. Even so, additional improvements are needed, such as employing a strategically chosen promoter to drive expression of the transgene in the target cell. Previously, we described viral vectors where high-level transgene expression was achieved using a p53-responsive promoter. Here we present an adenoviral vector (AdPGp53) where p53 is employed to regulate its own expression and which outperforms a traditional vector when tested in a model of gene therapy for prostate cancer. The functionality of AdPGp53 and AdCMVp53 were compared in human prostate carcinoma cell lines. AdPGp53 conferred greatly enhanced levels of p53 protein and induction of the p53 target gene, p21, as well as superior cell killing by a mechanism consistent with apoptosis. DU145 cells were susceptible to induction of death with AdPGp53, yet PC3 cells were quite resistant. Though AdCMVp53 was shown to be reliable, extremely high-level expression of p53 offered by AdPGp53 was necessary for tumor suppressor activity in PC3 and DU145. In situ gene therapy experiments revealed tumor inhibition and increased overall survival in response to AdPGp53, but not AdCMVp53. Upon histologic examination, only AdPGp53 treatment was correlated with the detection of both p53 and TUNEL-positive cells. This study points to the importance of improved vector performance for gene therapy of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Esaki Tamura
- a Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM24 , Cancer Institute of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Rafael Bento da Silva Soares
- b Viral Vector Group, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology/LIM13 , Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Eugenia Costanzi-Strauss
- c Gene Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- a Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM24 , Cancer Institute of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , Brazil
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9
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Nakayama M, Sasaki R, Ogino C, Tanaka T, Morita K, Umetsu M, Ohara S, Tan Z, Nishimura Y, Akasaka H, Sato K, Numako C, Takami S, Kondo A. Titanium peroxide nanoparticles enhanced cytotoxic effects of X-ray irradiation against pancreatic cancer model through reactive oxygen species generation in vitro and in vivo. Radiat Oncol 2016; 11:91. [PMID: 27386977 PMCID: PMC4936232 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-016-0666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biological applications of nanoparticles are rapidly increasing, which introduces new possibilities to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy. Here, we synthesized titanium peroxide nanoparticles (TiOxNPs) and investigated their efficacy as novel agents that can potently enhance the effects of radiation in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Methods TiOxNPs and polyacrylic acid-modified TiOxNPs (PAA-TiOxNPs) were synthesized from anatase-type titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs). The size and morphology of the PAA-TiOxNPs was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The crystalline structures of the TiO2NPs and PAA-TiOxNPs with and without X-ray irradiation were analyzed using X-ray absorption. The ability of TiOxNPs and PAA-TiOxNPs to produce reactive oxygen species in response to X-ray irradiation was evaluated in a cell-free system and confirmed by flow cytometric analysis in vitro. DNA damage after X-ray exposure with or without PAA-TiOxNPs was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis of γ-H2AX foci formation in vitro and in vivo. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by a colony forming assay in vitro. Xenografts were prepared using human pancreatic cancer MIAPaCa-2 cells and used to evaluate the inhibition of tumor growth caused by X-ray exposure, PAA-TiOxNPs, and the combination of the two. Results The core structures of the PAA-TiOxNPs were found to be of the anatase type. The TiOxNPs and PAA-TiOxNPs showed a distinct ability to produce hydroxyl radicals in response to X-ray irradiation in a dose- and concentration-dependent manner, whereas the TiO2NPs did not. At the highest concentration of TiOxNPs, the amount of hydroxyl radicals increased by >8.5-fold following treatment with 30 Gy of radiation. The absorption of PAA-TiOxNPs enhanced DNA damage and resulted in higher cytotoxicity in response to X-ray irradiation in vitro. The combination of the PAA-TiOxNPs and X-ray irradiation induced significantly stronger tumor growth inhibition compared to treatment with either PAA-TiOxNPs or X-ray alone (p < 0.05). No apparent toxicity or weight loss was observed for 43 days after irradiation. Conclusions TiOxNPs are potential agents for enhancing the effects of radiation on pancreatic cancer and act via hydroxyl radical production; owing to this ability, they can be used for pancreatic cancer therapy in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13014-016-0666-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Nakayama
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuouku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sasaki
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuouku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudaicho, Nadaku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudaicho, Nadaku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kenta Morita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudaicho, Nadaku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Umetsu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6 Aramaki, Aza, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohara
- Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, 11-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Zhenquan Tan
- Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, 11-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishimura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudaicho, Nadaku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Akasaka
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuouku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Sato
- Division of Environmental Engineering Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjincho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Chiya Numako
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Seiichi Takami
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudaicho, Nadaku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
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10
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Tetzlaff MT, Teh BS, Timme TL, Fujita T, Satoh T, Tabata KI, Mai WY, Vlachaki MT, Amato RJ, Kadmon D, Miles BJ, Ayala G, Wheeler TM, Aguilar-Cordova E, Thompson TC, Butler EB. Expanding the Therapeutic Index of Radiation Therapy by Combining In Situ Gene Therapy in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 5:23-36. [PMID: 16417399 DOI: 10.1177/153303460600500104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances in radiotherapy (3D-CRT, IMRT) have enabled high doses of radiation to be delivered with the least possible associated toxicity. However, the persistence of cancer (local recurrence after radiotherapy) despite these increased doses as well as distant failure suggesting the existence of micro-metastases, especially in the case of higher risk disease, have underscored the need for continued improvement in treatment strategies to manage local and micro-metastatic disease as definitively as possible. This has prompted the idea that an increase in the therapeutic index of radiotherapy might be achieved by combining it with in situ gene therapy. The goal of these combinatorial therapies is to maximize the selective pressure against cancer cell growth while minimizing treatment-associated toxicity. Major efforts utilizing different gene therapy strategies have been employed in conjunction with radiotherapy. We reviewed our and other published clinical trials utilizing this combined radio-genetherapy approach including their associated pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo models. The use of in situ gene therapy as an adjuvant to radiation therapy dramatically reduced cell viability in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. No significant worsening of the toxicities normally observed in single-modality approaches were identified in Phase I/II clinical studies. Enhancement of both local and systemic T-cell activation was noted with this combined approach suggesting anti-tumor immunity. Early clinical outcome including biochemical and biopsy data was very promising. These results demonstrate the increased therapeutic efficacy achieved by combining in situ gene therapy with radiotherapy in the management of local prostate cancer. The combined approach maximizes tumor control, both local-regional and systemic through radio-genetherapy induced cytotoxicity and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Tetzlaff
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, 6560 Fannin, ST 2100, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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11
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Emerging Modalities in Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800077-9.00048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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The cholesterol metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol regulates p53 activity and increases cell proliferation via MDM2 in breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 410:187-95. [PMID: 26350565 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen is synthesized from cholesterol and high cholesterol levels are suggested to be associated with increased risk of estrogen receptor(ER)-positive breast cancer. The cholesterol metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) was recently identified as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and may therefore impact breast cancer progression. However, the mechanisms by which 27-OHC may contribute to breast cancer are not all known. We determined the extent to which 27-OHC regulates cell proliferation in MCF7 ER-positive breast cancer cell line involving the tumor suppressor protein p53. We found that treatment of MCF7 cells with 27-OHC resulted reduced p53 transcriptional activity. Conversely, treatment of the ER-negative MDA-MB 231 cells with 27-OHC induced no significant change in p53 activity. Exposure of MCF7 cells to 27-OHC was also associated with increased protein levels of the E3 ubiquitin protein ligase MDM2 and decreased levels of p53. Moreover, 27-OHC also enhanced physical interaction between p53 and MDM2. Furthermore, 27-OHC-induced proliferation was attenuated using either the p53 activator Tenovin-1 or the MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3 and Mdm2 siRNA. Taken together, our results indicate that 27-OHC may contribute to ER-positive breast cancer progression by disrupting constitutive p53 signaling in an MDM2-dependent manner.
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13
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p53 gene therapy of human breast carcinoma: using a transferrin-modified silica nanoparticles. Breast Cancer 2014; 23:101-110. [DOI: 10.1007/s12282-014-0537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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15
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Fujita T, Satoh T, Timme TL, Hirayama T, Zhu JX, Kusaka N, Naruishi K, Yang G, Goltsov A, Wang J, Vlachaki MT, Teh BS, Brian Butler E, Thompson TC. Combined therapeutic effects of adenoviral vector-mediated GLIPR1 gene therapy and radiotherapy in prostate and bladder cancer models. Urol Oncol 2013; 32:92-100. [PMID: 23433894 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to explore the potential benefits of combining AdGlipr1 (or AdGLIPR1) gene therapy with radiotherapy using subcutaneous prostate and bladder cancer models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Combination adenoviral vector-mediated gene therapy and radiotherapy were applied to 178-2 BMA and TSU-Pr1 cells in vitro and colony formation and apoptosis were analyzed. In addition, combination therapies were administered to mice bearing subcutaneous 178-2 BMA and TSU-Pr1 tumors, and tumor growth suppression and survival extension were compared with the monotherapies (AdGlipr1/AdGLIPR1 and radiotherapy) or control vector Adv/CMV/βgal, as well as single-cycle treatment with 2-cycle treatment. RESULTS Combination treatment significantly suppressed colony formation and increased apoptosis in vitro. In vivo, combination therapy produced significant 178-2 BMA and TSU-Pr1 tumor growth suppression and survival extension compared with the monotherapies or the control. Further tumor growth suppression and survival extension were observed after 2 cycles of the combination treatment. CONCLUSIONS Combining AdGlipr1 (AdGLIPR1) with radiotherapy may achieve additive or synergistic tumor control in selected prostate and bladder tumors, and additional therapeutic effects may result with repeated treatment cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Fujita
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Takefumi Satoh
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Terry L Timme
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Takahiro Hirayama
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Julie X Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Nobuyuki Kusaka
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Koji Naruishi
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Alexei Goltsov
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Maria T Vlachaki
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Bin S Teh
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - E Brian Butler
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
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16
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Palacios DA, Miyake M, Rosser CJ. Radiosensitization in prostate cancer: mechanisms and targets. BMC Urol 2013; 13:4. [PMID: 23351141 PMCID: PMC3583813 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2490-13-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in American men over the age of 45 years and is the third most common cause of cancer related deaths in American men. In 2012 it is estimated that 241,740 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer and 28,170 men will succumb to prostate cancer. Currently, radiation therapy is one of the most common definitive treatment options for localized prostate cancer. However, significant number of patients undergoing radiation therapy will develop locally persistent/recurrent tumours. The varying response rates to radiation may be due to 1) tumor microenvironment, 2) tumor stage/grade, 3) modality used to deliver radiation, and 4) dose of radiation. Higher doses of radiation has not always proved to be effective and have been associated with increased morbidity. Compounds designed to enhance the killing effects of radiation, radiosensitizers, have been extensively investigated over the past decade. The development of radiosensitizing agents could improve survival, improve quality of life and reduce costs, thus benefiting both patients and healthcare systems. Herin, we shall review the role and mechanisms of various agents that can sensitize tumours, specifically prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Palacios
- Section of Urologic Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
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17
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Wild-type p53 enhances the cytotoxic effect of radionuclide gene therapy using sodium iodide symporter in a murine anaplastic thyroid cancer model. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2009; 37:235-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-009-1251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Sasaki R, Suzuki Y, Yonezawa Y, Ota Y, Okamoto Y, Demizu Y, Huang P, Yoshida H, Sugimura K, Mizushina Y. DNA polymerase gamma inhibition by vitamin K3 induces mitochondria-mediated cytotoxicity in human cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:1040-8. [PMID: 18312466 PMCID: PMC11159526 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the vitamin K (VK) compounds, VK3 exhibits distinct cytotoxic activity in cancer cells and is thought to affect redox cycling; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that VK3 selectively inhibits DNA polymerase (pol) gamma, the key enzyme responsible for mitochondrial DNA replication and repair. VK3 at 30 microM inhibited pol gamma by more than 80%, caused impairment of mitochondrial DNA replication and repair, and induced a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to apoptosis. At a lower concentration (3 microM), VK3 did not cause a significant increase in ROS, but was able to effectively inhibit cell proliferation, which could be reversed by supplementing glycolytic substrates. The cytotoxic action of VK3 was independent of p53 tumor suppressor gene status. Interestingly, VK3 only inhibited pol gamma but did not affect other pol including human pol alpha, pol beta, pol delta, and pol epsilon. VK1 and VK2 exhibited no inhibitory effect on any of the pol tested. These data together suggest that the inhibition of pol gamma by VK3 is relatively specific, and that this compound seems to exert its anticancer activity by two possible mechanisms in a concentration-dependent manner: (1) induction of ROS-mediated cell death at high concentrations; and (2) inhibition of cell proliferation at lower concentrations likely through the suppression of mitochondrial respiratory function. These findings may explain various cytotoxic actions induced by VK3, and may pave the way for the further use of VK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Sasaki
- Division of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuou-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
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19
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Scarlatti F, Sala G, Ricci C, Maioli C, Milani F, Minella M, Botturi M, Ghidoni R. Resveratrol sensitization of DU145 prostate cancer cells to ionizing radiation is associated to ceramide increase. Cancer Lett 2007; 253:124-30. [PMID: 17321671 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an established therapeutic modality for prostate cancer. Since it is well known that radiotherapy is limited due to its severe toxicity towards normal cells at high dose and minimal effect at low dose, the search for biological compounds that increase the sensitivity of tumors cells to radiation may improve the efficacy of therapy. Resveratrol, a natural antioxidant, was shown to inhibit carcinogenesis in animal models, and to block the process of tumor initiation and progression. The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not resveratrol can sensitize DU145, an androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell line, to ionizing radiation. We report here that DU145 cells are resistant to ionizing radiation-induced cell death, but pretreatment with resveratrol significantly enhances cell death. Resveratrol acts synergistically with ionizing radiation to inhibit cell survival in vitro. Resveratrol also potentiates ionizing radiation-induced ceramide accumulation, by promoting its de novo biosynthesis. This confirms ceramide as an effective mediator of the anticancer potential induced by resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scarlatti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Mol Biology, San Paolo Medical School, University of Milan, Italy
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20
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Liu B, Zhang H, Zhou G, Xie Y, Hao J, Qiu R, Duan X, Zhou Q. Adenovirus-mediated p53 gene transfer sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to heavy-ion radiation. J Gastroenterol 2007; 42:140-5. [PMID: 17351803 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-006-1977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate whether adenovirus-mediated p53 transfer could sensitize hepatocellular carcinoma to heavy-ion irradiation. METHODS HepG2 cells were preexposed to a (12)C(6+) beam, and then infected with replication-deficient adenovirus recombinant vectors containing human wild-type p53 (AdCMV-p53) ((12)C(6+) irradiation + AdCMV-p53 infection). The survival fraction was determined by clonogenic assay. The cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and p53 expression were monitored by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS p53 expression in (12)C(6+) irradiation + AdCMV-p53 infection groups was markedly higher than that in (12)C(6+) irradiation only groups (P < 0.05), suggesting that the preexposure to the (12)C(6+) beam promoted the expression of exogenous p53 in HepG2 cells infected with AdCMV-p53 only. The G(1)-phase arrest and cell apoptosis in the (12)C(6+) irradiation + AdCMV-p53 infection groups were significantly more than those in the (12)C(6+) irradiated groups (P < 0.05). The survival fractions of the (12)C(6+) irradiation + AdCMV-p53 infection groups decreased by 30%-49% compared with those of the (12)C(6+) beam-irradiated only groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Adenovirus-mediated p53 gene transfer can promote G(1)-phase arrest and cell apoptosis, thus sensitizing hepatocellular carcinoma cells to heavy-ion irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China
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21
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Min FL, Zhang H, Li WJ, Gao QX, Zhou GM. Effect of exogenous wild-type p53 on melanoma cell death pathways induced by irradiation at different linear energy transfer. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2006; 41:284-8. [PMID: 16409115 DOI: 10.1290/0505029r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of exogenous wild-type p53 on the radiation-induced cells apoptosis and necrosis at different levels of linear energy transfer (LET) to evaluate its mechanisms. The human melanoma cell line A375, which bears wild-type p53 gene status, was used, as well as the transfectant A375 cells (A375/p53) with adenoviral vector containing the wild-type p53 gene. We exposed these cells to X-rays and to accelerated carbon-ion (C-) beams. Cellular sensitivities were determined by using clonogenic assay. Apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths were determined morphologically by dual staining (acridine orange and ethidium bromide) using fluorescence microscopy. We discovered that (1) there was no significant difference in survival fraction between A375 cells and A375/p53 cells irradiated by C-beams with greater than 32 KeV/microm LET, (2) although apoptosis in the two kinds of cells increased in an LET-dependent manner, exogenous wild-type P53 induced cell apoptosis efficiently in A375/p53 relative to A375 cells with X-rays or high-LET irradiation, and (3) by high-LET irradiation, the number of necrosis in A375 cells increased significantly (P < 0.05) in comparison with A375/p53 cells. These results indicate that in high-LET irradiation apoptosis induction is p53 dependent partly and exogenous wild-type P53 plays an important role in modulating cell death type, although there was no significant difference in cellular radiosensitivities. Our observation in the study offers the potential application of high-LET radiation combined with p53 in the management of human patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ling Min
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, Gansu province 730000, People's Republic of China
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22
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Haiping Z, Takayama K, Uchino J, Harada A, Adachi Y, Kura S, Caicun Z, Tsuzuki T, Nakanishi Y. Prevention of radiation-induced pneumonitis by recombinant adenovirus-mediated transferring of soluble TGF-β type II receptor gene. Cancer Gene Ther 2006; 13:864-72. [PMID: 16710346 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether radiation-induced pneumonitis in the mouse-irradiated lung could be prevented by recombinant adenovirus-mediated soluble transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type II receptor gene therapy. Radiation fibrosis-prone mice (C57BL/6J) were randomly divided into four groups consisting of a (1) control group (sham-irradiated); (2) radiation (RT)-alone group; (3) RT+AdCMVsTbetaR group and (4) RT+AdCMVluc group. The RT-alone and sham-irradiated mice were killed at several time points after thoracic irradiation with a single dose of 9 Gy, and then the TGF-beta1 concentrations in serum and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We used an adenoviral vector expressing a soluble TGF-beta type II receptor (AdCMVsTbetaR), which can bind to TGF-beta and then block the TGF-beta receptor-mediated signal transduction. The C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with either 5 x 10(8) plaque-forming units of AdCMVsTbetaR or AdCMVluc, a control adenovirus-expressing luciferase, a week preceding and a week following the X-ray thoracic irradiation. Four weeks after irradiation, the mice were killed and the concentration of TGF-beta1 in the serum and BALF were then measured using ELISA and the lung tissue specimens were examined histopathologically. Following thoracic irradiation with a single dose of 9 Gy, radiation-induced TGF-beta1 release in the serum reached the first peak concentration at 12 h and then declined. It reached a maximal value at 2 weeks after irradiation. In the BALF, the TGF-beta1 concentration was appreciable within the first hour and thereafter declined. It reached a maximal value at 3 days after irradiation. A one-time i.p. injection of AdCMVsTbetaR 1 week before irradiation could not completely suppress the two peaks of the radiation-induced TGF-beta1 increase, whereas an injection a week preceding and a week following thoracic irradiation was able to suppress those two peaks thoroughly. The TGF-beta1 was completely suppressed in the AdCMVsTbetaR-treated mouse serum and BALF; however, no statistical difference was observed in the serum and BALF between the AdCMVluc-infected mice and the control mice at 4 weeks after irradiation (P < 0.05). A histopathological examination showed only mild radiation pneumonitis in the irradiated lungs of AdCMVsTbetaR-treated mice in comparison to the AdCMVluc-infected and RT-alone mice. Our results demonstrated that TGF-beta1 plays an important role in radiation pneumonitis, thus suggesting that the adenovirus-mediated overexpression in soluble TGF-beta type II receptor gene therapy may be a potentially feasible and effective strategy for the prevention of radiation pneumonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Haiping
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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23
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Coleman MA, Yin E, Peterson LE, Nelson D, Sorensen K, Tucker JD, Wyrobek AJ. Low-dose irradiation alters the transcript profiles of human lymphoblastoid cells including genes associated with cytogenetic radioadaptive response. Radiat Res 2005; 164:369-82. [PMID: 16187739 DOI: 10.1667/rr3356.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Low-dose ionizing radiation alters the gene expression profiles of mammalian cells, yet there is little understanding of the underlying cellular mechanisms responsible for these changes or of their consequences for genomic stability. We investigated the cytogenetic adaptive response of human lymphoblastoid cell lines exposed to 5 cGy (priming dose) followed by 2 Gy (challenge dose) compared to cells that received a single 2-Gy dose to (a) determine how the priming dose influences subsequent gene transcript expression in reproducibly adapting and non-adapting cell lines, and (b) identify gene transcripts that are associated with reductions in the magnitude of chromosomal damage after the challenge dose. The transcript profiles were evaluated using oligonucleotide arrays and RNA obtained 4 h after the challenge dose. A set of 145 genes (false discovery rate = 5%) with transcripts that were affected by the 5-cGy priming dose fell into two categories: (a) a set of common genes that were similarly modulated by the 5-cGy priming dose irrespective of whether the cells subsequently adapted or not and (b) genes with differential transcription in accordance with the cell lines that showed either adaptive or non-adaptive outcomes. The common priming-dose response genes showed up-regulation for protein synthesis genes and down-regulation of metabolic and signal transduction genes (>10-fold differences). The genes associated with subsequent adaptive and non-adaptive outcomes involved DNA repair, stress response, cell cycle control and apoptosis. Our findings support the importance of TP53-related functions in the control of the low-dose cytogenetic radioadaptive response and suggest that certain low-dose-induced alterations in cellular functions are predictive for the risk of subsequent genomic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Coleman
- Biology and Biotechnology Research Program, Lawrence Livermore, National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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24
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Nguyen KH, Hachem P, Khor LY, Salem N, Hunt KK, Calkins PR, Pollack A. Adenoviral-E2F-1 radiosensitizes p53wild-type and p53null human prostate cancer cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 63:238-46. [PMID: 15993550 PMCID: PMC4347813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2005] [Revised: 04/22/2005] [Accepted: 04/26/2005] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE E2F-1 is a transcription factor that enhances the radiosensitivity of various cell lines by inducing apoptosis. However, there are conflicting data concerning whether this enhancement is mediated via p53 dependent pathways. Additionally, the role of E2F-1 in the response of human prostate cancer to radiation has not been well characterized. In this study, we investigated the effect of Adenoviral-E2F-1 (Ad-E2F-1) on the radiosensitivity of p53wild-type (LNCaP) and p53null (PC3) prostate cancer cell lines. METHODS AND MATERIALS LNCaP and PC3 cells were transduced with Ad-E2F-1, Adenoviral-Luciferase (Ad-Luc) control vector, or Adenoviral-p53 (Ad-p53). Expression of E2F-1 and p53 was examined by Western blot analysis. Annexin V and caspase 3 + 7 assays were performed to estimate the levels of apoptosis. Clonogenic survival assays were used to determine overall cell death. Statistical significance was determined by analysis of variance, using the Bonferroni method to correct for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Western blot analysis confirmed the efficacy of transductions with Ad-E2F-1 and Ad-p53. Ad-E2F-1 transduction significantly enhanced apoptosis and decreased clonogenic survival in both cell lines. These effects were compounded by the addition of RT. Although E2F-1-mediated radiosensitization was independent of p53 status, this effect was more pronounced in p53wild-type LNCaP cells. When PC3 cells were treated with Ad-p53 in combination with RT and Ad-E2F-1, there was at least an additive reduction in clonogenic survival. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Ad-E2F-1 significantly enhances the response of p53wild-type and p53null prostate cancer cells to radiation therapy, although radiosensitization is more pronounced in the presence of p53. Ad-E2F-1 may be a useful adjunct to radiation therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh H. Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paul Hachem
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Li-Yan Khor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Naji Salem
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Paoli-Calmette, Avignon, France
| | - Kelly K. Hunt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Peter R. Calkins
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Alan Pollack
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
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Nakase M, Inui M, Okumura K, Kamei T, Nakamura S, Tagawa T. p53 gene therapy of human osteosarcoma using a transferrin-modified cationic liposome. Mol Cancer Ther 2005; 4:625-31. [PMID: 15827336 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-04-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery via transferrin receptors, which are highly expressed by cancer cells, can be used to enhance the effectiveness of gene therapy for cancer. In this study, we examined the efficacy of p53 gene therapy in human osteosarcoma (HOSM-1) cells derived from the oral cavity using a cationic liposome supplemented with transferrin. HOSM-1 cells were exposed to transferrin-liposome-p53 in vitro, and the growth inhibition rate, expression of p53 and bax, and induction of apoptosis were measured 48 hours later. Treatment of HOSM-1 cells with transferrin-liposome-p53 resulted in 60.7% growth inhibition. Wild-type p53 expression and an increase in bax expression were observed following transfection with transferrin-liposome-p53, and 20.5% of the treated HOSM-1 cells were apoptotic. In vivo, the HOSM-1 tumor transplanted into nude mice grew to 5 to 6 mm in diameter. Following growth of the tumor to this size, transferrin-liposome-p53 was locally applied to the peripheral tumor (day 0) and then applied once every 5 days for a total of six times. During the administration period, tumor growth did not occur, and the mean tumor volume on the last day of administration (day 25) was 10.0% of that in the saline control group. These results suggest that p53 gene therapy via cationic liposome modification with transferrin is an effective strategy for treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Nakase
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
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26
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Norris JS, Norris KL, Holman DH, El-Zawahry A, Keane TE, Dong JY, Tavassoli M. The present and future for gene and viral therapy of directly accessible prostate and squamous cell cancers of the head and neck. Future Oncol 2005; 1:115-23. [PMID: 16555981 DOI: 10.1517/14796694.1.1.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has been in a continuous evolutionary process since the first approved trial occurred in 1990 at the National Institute of Health. In the USA, as of March 2004, there were 619 approved gene therapy/transfer protocols and 405 of these were for cancer treatment. Another 294 trials are in progress worldwide, with most concentrated in Europe. However, cancer gene therapy is in its relative infancy when compared with the well-established use of chemo-radiotherapy for treating cancer. As the field develops it is becoming clear that using gene therapy in conjunction with established chemo-radiotherapy approaches is yielding the best results. This concept shall be reviewed in the context of the status of the field, and a future direction based on a combination of gene therapy with small molecule modification of sphingolipid metabolism shall be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Norris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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27
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Nichol AM, Warde P, Bristow RG. Optimal treatment of intermediate-risk prostate carcinoma with radiotherapy. Cancer 2005; 104:891-905. [PMID: 16007687 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The clinical heterogeneity of intermediate-risk prostate carcinoma presents a challenge to urologic oncology in terms of prognosis and management. There is controversy regarding whether patients with intermediate-risk prostate carcinoma should be treated with dose-escalated external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) (e.g., doses > 74 gray [Gy]), or conventional-dose EBRT (e.g., doses < 74 Gy) combined with androgen deprivation (AD). Data for this review were identified through searches for articles in MEDLINE and in conference proceedings, indexed from 1966 to 2004. Currently, the intermediate-risk prostate carcinoma grouping is defined on the basis of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), tumor classification (T classification), and Gleason score. Emerging evidence suggests that additional prognostic information may be derived from the percentage of positive core needle biopsies at the time of diagnosis and/or from the pretreatment PSA doubling time. Novel prognostic biomarkers include protein expression relating to cell cycle control, cell death, DNA repair, and intracellular signal transduction. Preclinical data support dose escalation or combined AD with radiation as a means to increase prostate carcinoma cell kill. There is Level I evidence that patients with intermediate-risk prostate carcinoma benefit from dose-escalated EBRT or AD plus conventional-dose EBRT. However, clinical evidence is lacking to support the uniform use of AD plus dose-escalated EBRT. Patients in the intermediate-risk group should be entered into well designed, randomized clinical trials of dose-escalated EBRT and AD with sufficient power to address biochemical failure and cause-specific survival endpoints. These studies should be stratified by novel prognostic markers and accompanied by strong translational endpoints to address clinical heterogeneity and to allow for individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Nichol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and the Princess Margaret Hospital-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Husbeck B, Peehl DM, Knox SJ. Redox modulation of human prostate carcinoma cells by selenite increases radiation-induced cell killing. Free Radic Biol Med 2005; 38:50-7. [PMID: 15589371 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2004] [Accepted: 09/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although selenium compounds have been extensively studied as chemopreventative agents for prostate cancer, little is known about the potential use of selenium compounds for chemotherapy. We have shown that selenite inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in androgen-dependent LAPC-4 prostate cancer cells. LAPC-4 cells were more sensitive to selenite-induced apoptosis than primary cultures of normal prostate cells. Selenite-induced apoptosis in LAPC-4 cells correlated with a decrease in the Bcl-2:Bax expression ratio. Selenite-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis are dependent upon its reaction with reduced GSH. LAPC-4 cells treated with selenite showed decreased levels of total GSH and increased concentrations of GSSG. Thus, selenite altered the intracellular redox status toward an oxidative state by decreasing the ratio of GSH:GSSG. Because increased levels of Bcl-2 and GSH are associated with radioresistance, we examined the ability of selenite to sensitize prostate cancer cells to gamma-irradiation. Both LAPC-4 and androgen-independent DU 145 cells pretreated with selenite showed increased sensitivity to gamma-irradiation as measured by clonogenic survival assays. Importantly, selenite-induced radiosensitization was observed in combination with a clinically relevant dose of 2 Gy. These data suggest that altering the redox environment of prostate cancer cells with selenite increases the apoptotic potential and sensitizes them to radiation-induced cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Husbeck
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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29
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Zhang Z, Shirakawa T, Hinata N, Matsumoto A, Fujisawa M, Okada H, Kamidono S, Matsuo M, Gotoh A. Combination with CD/5-FC gene therapy enhances killing of human bladder-cancer cells by radiation. J Gene Med 2004; 5:860-867. [PMID: 14533194 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to radiation and chemotherapy is a significant obstacle to the treatment of advanced bladder cancer. Gene therapy combined with radiation represents a new approach to cancer treatment. In the present study, we investigated whether adenovirally directed, cytosine deaminase (CD)/5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) gene therapy could induce cell toxicity and radiosensitization through the intracellular production of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in bladder-cancer cells. METHODS Three human bladder-cancer cell lines, KK47 (wild-type p53+), T24 (p53 mutated) and 5637 (p53 mutated), were investigated. A recombinant adenovirus vector containing the CD gene (Ad-RSV-CD) was used. Cells were infected with Ad-RSV-CD and treated with 5-FC. Forty-eight hours after infection, the cells were irradiated and cytotoxicity assays performed to determine the extent of increase in in vitro cytotoxicity. A KK47 subcutaneous tumor-xenografts model was used in an animal study to examine the tumor growth inhibitory effect of this combination therapy. Ad-RSV-CD was directly injected into the tumor and daily 5-FC was intraperitoneally injected. Forty-eight hours after injection of Ad-RSV-CD, the tumor was irradiated. The tumor volume was measured every day. RESULTS In all three cell lines, the combination treatment enhanced the cell killing of human bladder-cancer cells in vitro. It also enhanced the tumor-growth inhibition in the KK47 tumor model. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we demonstrated that CD/5-FC gene therapy combined with radiation therapy enhances cell killing of human bladder-cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Zhang
- International Center for Medical Research, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Japan 650-0017
| | - Toshiro Shirakawa
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hinata
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Radiation Biophysics and Genetics, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Japan 650-0017
| | - Masato Fujisawa
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sadao Kamidono
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masafumi Matsuo
- International Center for Medical Research, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Japan 650-0017
| | - Akinobu Gotoh
- International Center for Medical Research, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Japan 650-0017
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Nishioka A, Ogawa Y, Mima T, Jin YJ, Sonobe H, Kariya S, Kubota K, Yoshida S, Ueno H. Histopathologic amelioration of fibroproliferative change in rat irradiated lung using soluble transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) receptor mediated by adenoviral vector. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 58:1235-41. [PMID: 15001268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2002] [Revised: 10/28/2003] [Accepted: 11/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether an adenoviral-mediated soluble transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type II receptor could ameliorate fibroproliferative change in rat irradiated lung. METHODS AND MATERIALS We used an adenoviral vector expressing a soluble TGF-beta receptor (AdT beta-ExR), which adsorbs TGF-beta and inhibits the function of the wild-type receptor as a dominant-negative mutant. Rats were i.v. injected with either 0.5 mL of AdT beta-ExR (1.0 x 10(9) plaque-forming units/mL) or AdLacZ (1.0 x 10(9) plaque-forming units/mL), a control adenovirus expressing bacterial beta-galactosidase, or saline, then 3 days later they received 4-MV X-ray irradiation of 30 Gy in a single fraction to the right lung. Eight weeks after irradiation, the rats were killed, and their right lungs were examined histopathologically. The respiratory rates of all rats were observed with a charge-coupled device video system before the rats were irradiated and killed. RESULTS A significant increase in breathing rates was observed in the saline- or AdLacZ-infected rats. The respiratory rate of the AdT beta-ExR-treated rats was significantly lower than that in the saline- or AdLacZ-infected rats. Fibroproliferative change in the irradiated lung was markedly reduced in the AdT beta-ExR-treated rats in comparison with the saline- or AdLacZ-infected rats. With respect to active TGF-beta 1 expression, myofibroblast proliferation, and macrophage/monocyte infiltration, the findings were identical to those for fibroproliferative change. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that TGF-beta plays a critical role in radiation-induced fibroproliferation of the lung and suggest that the adenoviral-mediated soluble TGF-beta receptor may have potential for use in the amelioration of this intractable pulmonary damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Nishioka
- Department of Tumor Radiology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan.
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Abstract
New biotechnology and drug discovery technologies are facilitating the rapid expansion of the clinical drug chest, empowering clinicians with a better understanding of disease as well as novel modalities for treating patients. Important research tools and themes include genomics, proteomics, ligand-receptor interaction, signal transduction, rational drug design, biochips, and microarrays. Emerging drug classes include monoclonal antibodies, cancer vaccines, gene therapy, antisense strands, enzymes, and proteins. In this article, we review these topics and illustrate their potential impact by presenting an overview of promising drugs in the pipeline. Clinicians who use these novel treatments must become familiar with these trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Avidor
- Johnson & Johnson/Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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32
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Collis SJ, Khater K, DeWeese TL. Novel therapeutic strategies in prostate cancer management using gene therapy in combination with radiation therapy. World J Urol 2003; 21:275-89. [PMID: 12920560 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-003-0363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2003] [Accepted: 07/07/2003] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer J Collis
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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Larsson M, Fonteneau JF, Lirvall M, Haslett P, Lifson JD, Bhardwaj N. Activation of HIV-1 specific CD4 and CD8 T cells by human dendritic cells: roles for cross-presentation and non-infectious HIV-1 virus. AIDS 2002; 16:1319-29. [PMID: 12131208 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200207050-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CD4 T cells in mucosal subepithelia are the first cells to become infected during sexual transmission of HIV-1. Dendritic cells (DC) are located in the same area and are known to play a central role in antiviral immune responses. However, extensive viral replication, syncytia formation and cell death follows the interaction between T cells and DC previously exposed to HIV-1. Despite this, anti-HIV responses are generated that control viremia following acute infection. OBJECTIVE The anti-HIV-1 cellular immune responses observed may be activated by sources other than productively infected DC. HIV-1 induces apoptosis both in cells it infects and in bystander cells. Furthermore, retroviral replication typically generates a predominance of defective particles. We tested whether DC exposed to antigen from either of these sources could elicit anti-HIV specific immune responses. DESIGN AND METHODS Apoptotic or necrotic monocytes infected with vaccinia virus vectors encoding HIV antigens, a cell line with integrated HIV-1 and apoptotic CD4 T cells pulsed with non-infectious or infectious HIV-1 virus were used as sources of antigens to assess cross presentation by DC. Furthermore, direct DC presentation of antigen from non-infectious and infectious HIV-1 was examined. RESULTS We find that dead cells expressing HIV-1 antigens as well as non-infectious HIV-1 particles can be acquired and processed by DC, leading to the activation, differentiation and expansion of viral antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells from seropositive individuals. CONCLUSIONS These sources of antigens may be critical for the generation and maintenance of anti-HIV-1 immunity by DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Larsson
- The Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York 10021, USA
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