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Huang M, Sui R, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Yuan X, Jiang H, Mao X. Rosavin thwarts amyloid-β-induced macromolecular damages and neurotoxicity, exhibiting anti-Alzheimer's disease activity in Wister rat model. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1461-1474. [PMID: 37758932 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Lately, interest surrounding the utilization of plant-derived compounds as a viable beneficial approach for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) has significantly increased. This study aimed to assess the defensive properties of rosavin against Alzheimer's disease induced by amyloid-β, utilizing experimental models. We found that rosavin exhibited anti-aggregation and disaggregation properties, suggesting its potential to prevent the gathering of Aβ-aggregates. In vitro experiments revealed that rosavin effectively mitigated the neurotoxicity induced by Aβ in Neuro-2a cells, showcasing its protective potential. Rosavin significantly improved the Aβ-induced cognitive deficits in Wistar rats, particularly in spatial memory. Which the pathophysiology of AD includes oxidative damage, which negatively impacts biological macromolecules. Triggers the apoptotic process, causing macromolecular destruction. Interestingly, rosavin attenuated Aβ-induced macromolecular damages, thereby preserving neuronal integrity. Furthermore, the activation of antioxidative defense enzymes by rosavin inhibited oxidative damage. The positive outcomes associated with rosavin were primarily attributed to its capacity to enhance acetylcholine-mediated effects. Finally, rosavin has the potential to alleviate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and macromolecular damages, ultimately resulting in enhanced memorial and reasoning function in Wistar rats, offering promising prospects for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121099, China
| | - Rubo Sui
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121099, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121099, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121099, China
| | - Xueling Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121099, China
| | - Hongxin Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Gucheng County Hospital, Gucheng, 253809, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121099, China.
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2
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Belichenko VM, Bashirzade AA, Tenditnik MV, Dubrovina NI, Akopyan AA, Ovsyukova MV, Fedoseeva LA, Pupyshev AB, Aftanas LI, Amstislavskaya TG, Tikhonova MA. Comparative analysis of early neurodegeneration signs in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease-like pathology induced by two types of the central (Intracerebroventricular vs. Intrahippocampal) administration of Aβ 25-35 oligomers. Behav Brain Res 2023; 454:114651. [PMID: 37657512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intrahippocampal (IH) administration of amyloid-beta (Aβ) are widely used in current research. It remains unclear whether these models provide similar outcomes or mimic pathological mechanisms of AD equally. The aim of the work was to compare two models induced by ICV or IH administration of Aβ25-35 oligomers to C57BL/6 mice. Parameters characterizing cognitive function (passive avoidance test), protein expression (IBA1, Aβ, LC3-II) and expression of genes for neuroinflammation (Aif1, Lcn2, Nrf2), autophagy (Atg8, Becn1, Park2), or markers of neurodegeneration (Cst3, Insr, Vegfa) were analyzed. Сognitive deficits, amyloid accumulation, and neuroinflammatory response in the brain evaluated by the microglial activation were similar in both models. Thus, both ways of Aβ administration appear to be equally suitable for modelling AD-like pathology in mice. Our findings strongly support the key role of Aβ load and neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus and frontal cortex for the progression of AD-like pathology and development of cognitive deficits. There were certain minor differences between the models in the mRNA level of genes involved in the processes of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and autophagy. Modulating effects of the central administration of Aβ25-35 on the mRNA expression of Aif1, Lcn2, Park2, and Vegfa genes in different brain structures were revealed. The effects occurred to be more pronounced with the ICV method compared with the IH method. These findings give insight into the processes at initial stages of Aβ-induced pathology depending on a primary location of Aβ oligomers in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Belichenko
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alim A Bashirzade
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Michael V Tenditnik
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nina I Dubrovina
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna A Akopyan
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina V Ovsyukova
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Larisa A Fedoseeva
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; Federal Research Center "Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander B Pupyshev
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lyubomir I Aftanas
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria A Tikhonova
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Hamano M, Ichinose T, Yasuda T, Ishijima T, Okada S, Abe K, Tashiro K, Furuya S. Bioinformatics Analysis of the Molecular Networks Associated with the Amelioration of Aberrant Gene Expression by a Tyr-Trp Dipeptide in Brains Treated with the Amyloid-β Peptide. Nutrients 2023; 15:2731. [PMID: 37375635 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain peptides derived from various protein sources have been shown to exhibit diverse bio-modulatory and health-promoting effects in animal experiments and human trials. We recently reported that the oral administration of the Tyr-Trp (YW) dipeptide to mice markedly enhances noradrenaline metabolism in the brain and ameliorates the working-memory deficits induced by the β-amyloid 25-35 peptide (Aβ25-35). In the current study, we performed multiple bioinformatics analyses of microarray data from Aβ25-35/YW-treated brains to determine the mechanism underlying the action of YW in the brain and to infer the molecular mechanisms and networks involved in the protective effect of YW in the brain. We found that YW not only reversed inflammation-related responses but also activated various molecular networks involving a transcriptional regulatory system, which is mediated by the CREB binding protein (CBP), EGR-family proteins, ELK1, and PPAR, and the calcium-signaling pathway, oxidative stress tolerance, and an enzyme involved in de novo l-serine synthesis in brains treated with Aβ25-35. This study revealed that YW has a neuroprotective effect against Aβ25-35 neuropathy, suggesting that YW is a new functional-food-material peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Hamano
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka 820-8502, Fukuoka, Japan
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Metabolism, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Ichinose
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Metabolism, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tokio Yasuda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishijima
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shinji Okada
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keiko Abe
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tashiro
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Furuya
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka 820-8502, Fukuoka, Japan
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Metabolism, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
- Innovative Bio-Architecture Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
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Ban YH, Park D, Choi EK, Kim TM, Joo SS, Kim YB. Effectiveness of Combinational Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease with Human Neural Stem Cells and Microglial Cells Over-Expressing Functional Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119561. [PMID: 37298510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. In AD patients, amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide-mediated degeneration of the cholinergic system utilizing acetylcholine (ACh) for memory acquisition is observed. Since AD therapy using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are only palliative for memory deficits without reversing disease progress, there is a need for effective therapies, and cell-based therapeutic approaches should fulfil this requirement. We established F3.ChAT human neural stem cells (NSCs) encoding the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) gene, an ACh-synthesizing enzyme, HMO6.NEP human microglial cells encoding the neprilysin (NEP) gene, an Aβ-degrading enzyme, and HMO6.SRA cells encoding the scavenger receptor A (SRA) gene, an Aβ-uptaking receptor. For the efficacy evaluation of the cells, first, we established an appropriate animal model based on Aβ accumulation and cognitive dysfunction. Among various AD models, intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ethylcholine mustard azirinium ion (AF64A) induced the most severe Aβ accumulation and memory dysfunction. Established NSCs and HMO6 cells were transplanted ICV to mice showing memory loss induced by AF64A challenge, and brain Aβ accumulation, ACh concentration and cognitive function were analyzed. All the transplanted F3.ChAT, HMO6.NEP and HMO6.SRA cells were found to survive up to 4 weeks in the mouse brain and expressed their functional genes. Combinational treatment with the NSCs (F3.ChAT) and microglial cells encoding each functional gene (HMO6.NEP or HMO6.SRA) synergistically restored the learning and memory function of AF64A-challenged mice by eliminating Aβ deposits and recovering ACh level. The cells also attenuated inflammatory astrocytic (glial fibrillary acidic protein) response by reducing Aβ accumulation. Taken together, it is expected that NSCs and microglial cells over-expressing ChAT, NEP or SRA genes could be strategies for replacement cell therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hwan Ban
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsun Park
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ehn-Kyoung Choi
- Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Myoung Kim
- Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo Joo
- College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Bae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Canet G, Zussy C, Hernandez C, Maurice T, Desrumaux C, Givalois L. The pathomimetic oAβ25–35 model of Alzheimer's disease: Potential for screening of new therapeutic agents. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108398. [PMID: 37001735 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, currently affecting more than 40 million people worldwide. The two main histopathological hallmarks of AD were identified in the 1980s: senile plaques (composed of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides) and neurofibrillary tangles (composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein). In the human brain, both Aβ and tau show aggregation into soluble and insoluble oligomers. Soluble oligomers of Aβ include their most predominant forms - Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 - as well as shorter peptides such as Aβ25-35 or Aβ25-35/40. Most animal models of AD have been developed using transgenesis, based on identified human mutations. However, these familial forms of AD represent less than 1% of AD cases. In this context, the idea emerged in the 1990s to directly inject the Aβ25-35 fragment into the rodent brain to develop an acute model of AD that could mimic the disease's sporadic forms (99% of all cases). This review aims to: (1) summarize the biological activity of Aβ25-35, focusing on its impact on the main structural and functional alterations observed in AD (cognitive deficits, APP misprocessing, tau system dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, cholinergic and glutamatergic alterations, HPA axis dysregulation, synaptic deficits and cell death); and (2) confirm the interest of this pathomimetic model in AD research, as it has helped identify and characterize many molecules (marketed, in clinical development, and in preclinical testing), and to the development of alternative approaches for AD prevention and therapy. Today, the Aβ25-35 model appears as a first-intent choice model to rapidly screen the symptomatic or neuroprotective potencies of new compounds, chemical series, or innovative therapeutic strategies.
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6
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Onufriev MV, Stepanichev MY, Moiseeva YV, Zhanina MY, Nedogreeva OA, Kostryukov PA, Lazareva NA, Gulyaeva NV. A Comparative Study of Two Models of Intraluminal Filament Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats: Long-Lasting Accumulation of Corticosterone and Interleukins in the Hippocampus and Frontal Cortex in Koizumi Model. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123119. [PMID: 36551875 PMCID: PMC9775077 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have shown the differences in the early response of corticosterone and inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and frontal cortex (FC) of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), according to the methods of Longa et al. (LM) and Koizumi et al. (KM) which were used as alternatives in preclinical studies to induce stroke in rodents. In the present study, corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokines were assessed 3 months after MCAO. The most relevant changes detected during the first days after MCAO became even more obvious after 3 months. In particular, the MCAO-KM (but not the MCAO-LM) group showed significant accumulation of corticosterone and IL1β in both the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus and FC. An accumulation of TNFα was detected in the ipsilateral hippocampus and FC in the MCAO-KM group. Thus, unlike the MCAO-LM, the MCAO-KM may predispose the hippocampus and FC of rats to long-lasting bilateral corticosterone-dependent distant neuroinflammatory damage. Unexpectedly, only the MCAO-LM rats demonstrated some memory deficit in a one-trial step-through passive avoidance test. The differences between the two MCAO models, particularly associated with the long-lasting increase in glucocorticoid and proinflammatory cytokine accumulation in the limbic structures in the MCAO-KM, should be considered in the planning of preclinical experiments, and the interpretation and translation of received results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Onufriev
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
- Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y. Stepanichev
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Moiseeva
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Y. Zhanina
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
- Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Nedogreeva
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Kostryukov
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Lazareva
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Gulyaeva
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
- Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(495)-952-4007
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Amyloid Beta Alters Prefrontal-dependent Functions Along with its Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity in Male Rats. Neuroscience 2022; 498:260-279. [PMID: 35839923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prefrontal cortex (PFC)-related functions, such as working memory (WM) and cognitive flexibility (CF), are among the first to be altered at early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Likewise, transgenic AD models carrying different AD-related mutations, mostly linked to the overproduction of amyloid beta (Aβ) and other peptides, show premature behavioral and functional symptoms associated with PFC alterations. However, little is known about the effects of intracerebral or intra-PFC Aβ infusion on WM and CF, as well as on pyramidal cell excitability and plasticity. Thus, here we evaluated the effects of a single Aβ injection, directly into the PFC, or its intracerebroventricular (icv) application, on PFC-dependent behaviors and on the intrinsic and synaptic properties of layer V pyramidal neurons in PFC slices. We found that a single icv Aβ infusion reduced learning and performance of a delayed non-matching-to-sample WM task and prevented reversal learning in a matching-to-sample version of the task, several weeks after its infusion. The inhibition of WM performance was reproduced more potently by a single PFC Aβ infusion and was associated with Aβ accumulation. This behavioral disruption was related to increased layer V pyramidal cell firing, larger sag membrane potential, increased fast after-hyperpolarization and a failure to sustain synaptic long-term potentiation, even leading to long-term depression, at both the hippocampal-PFC pathway and intracortical synapses. These findings show that Aβ can affect PFC excitability and synaptic plasticity balance, damaging PFC-dependent functions, which could constitute the foundations of the early alterations in executive functions in AD patients.
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Di Risola D, Ricci D, Marrocco I, Giamogante F, Grieco M, Francioso A, Vasco-Vidal A, Mancini P, Colotti G, Mosca L, Altieri F. ERp57 Chaperon Protein Protects Neuronal Cells from Aβ-induced toxicity. J Neurochem 2022; 162:322-336. [PMID: 35699375 PMCID: PMC9543391 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder whose main pathological hallmark is the accumulation of Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the form of senile plaques. Aβ can cause neurodegeneration and disrupt cognitive functions by several mechanisms, including oxidative stress. ERp57 is a protein disulfide isomerase involved in the cellular stress response and known to be present in the cerebrospinal fluid of normal individuals as a complex with Aβ peptides, suggesting that it may be a carrier protein which prevents aggregation of Aβ. Although several studies show ERp57 involvement in neurodegenerative diseases, no clear mechanism of action has been identified thus far. In this work we gain insights into the interaction of Aβwith ERp57, with a special focus on the contribution of ERp57 to the defence system of the cell. Here we show that recombinant ERp57 directly interacts with the Aβ25-35 fragment in vitro with high affinityvia two in silico-predicted main sites of interaction. Furthermore, we used human neuroblastoma cells to show that short-term Aβ25-35 treatment induces ERp57 decrease in intracellular protein levels, different intracellular localization and ERp57 secretion in the cultured medium. Finally, we demonstrate that recombinant ERp57 counteracts the toxic effects of Aβ25-35 and restores cellular viability, by preventing Aβ25-35 aggregation. Overall, the present study shows thatextracellular ERp57 can exert a protective effect from Aβ toxicity and highlights it as a possible therapeutic tool in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Di Risola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Ricci
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome, Italy.,Immunobiology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ilaria Marrocco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Flavia Giamogante
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Maddalena Grieco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Francioso
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldrin Vasco-Vidal
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry. Weinberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Patrizia Mancini
- Dept Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology - Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Altieri
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome, Italy
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Sharma S, Saini A, Nehru B. Neuroprotective effects of carbenoxolone against amyloid-beta 1-42 oligomer-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in rats. Neurotoxicology 2021; 83:89-105. [PMID: 33412218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of Aβ plays a major role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and induces neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Recent studies have shown that the soluble aggregates of Aβ are the major culprits in the development of these aberrations inside the brain. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective potential of carbenoxolone (Cbx), which has been found to possess anti-inflammatory and nootropic properties. Male SD rats (250-300 g) were divided into the four groups (n = 8 per group): (1) sham control rats injected with vehicles, (2) Aβ 1-42 group rats injected i.c.v. with Aβ 42 oligomers (10 μl/rat), (3) Aβ 1-42+Cbx group rats injected i.c.v. with Aβ 42 oligomers (10 μl/rat) and i.p. with carbenoxolone disodium (20 mg/kg body weight) for six-weeks and (4) Cbx group rats injected i.p. with carbenoxolone disodium (20 mg/kg body weight) for six-weeks. Progressive learning and memory deficits were seen through a battery of behavioral tests and a significant increase in the expressions of GFAP and Iba-1 was observed which resulted in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines post Aβ oligomer injection. The levels of BDNF, Bcl-2 and pCREB were decreased while Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9 and cytochrome c levels were induced. Also, neurotransmitter levels were altered and neuronal damage was observed through histopathological studies. After Cbx supplementation, the expressions of GFAP, IBA-1, pro-inflammatory cytokines, iNOS, nNOS and nitric oxide levels were normalized. The expression levels of pro-apoptotic markers were decreased and neurotrophin levels were restored. Also, neurotransmitter levels and neuronal profile were improved and progressive improvements in behavioural performance were observed. Our results demonstrated that Cbx might have prevented the Aβ induced neurodegeneration and cognitive decline by inhibiting the neuroinflammation and inducing BDNF/CREB signalling. These findings suggest that Cbx can be explored as a potential therapeutic agent against the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Avneet Saini
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Bimla Nehru
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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He MT, Kim JH, Kim JH, Park CH, Cho EJ. Combination of Carthamus tinctorius L. seed and Taraxacum coreanum exerts synergistic effects on learning and memory function by regulating metabolism of amyloid beta in mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Morrissey JA, Bigus E, Necarsulmer JC, Srinivasan V, Peppercorn K, O'Leary DJ, Mockett BG, Tate WP, Hughes SM, Parfitt KD, Abraham WC. The Tripeptide RER Mimics Secreted Amyloid Precursor Protein-Alpha in Upregulating LTP. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:459. [PMID: 31680870 PMCID: PMC6813913 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted amyloid precursor protein-alpha (sAPPα), generated by enzymatic processing of the APP, possesses a range of neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties and plays a critical role in the molecular mechanisms of memory and learning. One of the key active regions of sAPPα is the central APP domain (E2) that contains within it the tripeptide sequence, RER. This sequence is exposed on the surface of a coiled coil substructure of E2. RER has by itself displayed memory-enhancing properties, and can protect newly formed engrams from interference in a manner similar to that displayed by sAPPα itself. In order to determine whether RER mimics other properties of sAPPα, we investigated the electrophysiological effects of the N-terminal protected acetylated RER (Ac-RER) and an isoform containing a chiral switch in the first amino acid from an l- to a d-orientation (Ac-rER), on synaptic plasticity. We found that, like sAPPα, exogenous perfusion with nanomolar concentrations of Ac-RER or Ac-rER enhanced the induction and stability of long-term potentiation (LTP) in area CA1 of rat and mouse hippocampal slices, in a protein synthesis- and trafficking-dependent manner. This effect did not occur with a control Ac-AAA or Ac-IFR tripeptide, nor with a full-length sAPPα protein where RER was substituted with AAA. Ac-rER also protected LTP against amyloid-beta (Aβ25–35)-induced LTP impairment. Our findings provide further evidence that the RER-containing region of sAPPα is functionally significant and by itself can produce effects similar to those displayed by full length sAPPα, suggesting that this tripeptide, like sAPPα, may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi A Morrissey
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Biochemistry, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Erin Bigus
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, United States
| | | | - Vinay Srinivasan
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Katie Peppercorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Daniel J O'Leary
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Bruce G Mockett
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Warren P Tate
- Department of Biochemistry, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie M Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Karen D Parfitt
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Wickliffe C Abraham
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Erfani M, Ghazi Tabatabaei Z, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Farokhi-Sisakht F, Farajdokht F, Mahmoudi J, Karimi P, Nasrolahi A. Rosa canina L. methanolic extract prevents heat stress-induced memory dysfunction in rats. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1544-1554. [PMID: 31297904 DOI: 10.1113/ep087535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Heat stress has harmful effects on the brain structure and synaptic density via induction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which result in neuronal damage in the hippocampus and thereby cognitive impairments. In this study, we investigate the effect of Rosa canina treatment on cognitive function in heat stress-exposed rats and its underlying mechanisms. What is the main finding and its importance? We show that R. canina improves cognitive deficits induced by heat stress by attenuation of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and by upregulation of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus. ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous methanolic extract of Rosa canina (RC) dried fruits on oxidative stress, inflammation, synaptic degeneration and memory dysfunction induced by heat stress (HS) in rats. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: the control group received normal saline (NS); the HS group was exposed to heat stress (43°C) for 15 min once a day for 2 weeks; and HS+R groups were exposed to heat stress and received one of three doses (250, 500 or 1000 mg kg-1 ) of RC methanolic extract for 2 weeks. A passive avoidance test and a Y-maze test were performed to assess learning and memory. The levels of reactive oxygen species were assessed. The serum cortisol concentration and hippocampal total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were also detected using spectrophotometry. The protein expressions of c-Fos, heat-shock protein-70, tumour necrosis factor-α, growth-associated protein 43, post-synaptic density-95 and synaptophysin were evaluated in the hippocampal tissue. The results showed that RC significantly improved cognitive dysfunction induced by HS, which was accompanied by downregulation of tumour necrosis factor-α and upregulation of growth-associated protein 43 and synaptophysin proteins in the hippocampus of HS-exposed rats. Furthermore, RC significantly attenuated serum cortisol concentrations and upregulated heat shock protein-70 and c-Fos in the hippocampus. In addition, the administration of RC attenuated reactive oxygen species levels and enhanced antioxidant defense in the hippocampus. These findings indicate that RC attenuated the deleterious effect of HS on cognition through its antioxidant properties and by enhancing synaptic function and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Erfani
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ava Nasrolahi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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13
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Patricio-Martínez A, Sánchez-Zavaleta R, Angulo-Cruz I, Gutierrez-Praxedis L, Ramírez E, Martínez-García I, Limón ID. The Acute Activation of the CB1 Receptor in the Hippocampus Decreases Neurotoxicity and Prevents Spatial Memory Impairment in Rats Lesioned with β-Amyloid 25-35. Neuroscience 2019; 416:239-254. [PMID: 31400487 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Given their anti-inflammatory properties, cannabinoids have been shown to be neuroprotective agents and to reduce excitotoxicity, through the activation of the Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1r). These properties have led to CB1r being proposed as pharmacological targets for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases. Amyloid-β 25-35 (Aβ25-35) induces the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and increases nitric oxide (NO●) levels. It has been observed that increased NO● concentrations trigger biochemical pathways that contribute to neuronal death and cognitive damage. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of an acute activation of CB1r on spatial memory and its impact on iNOS protein expression, NO● levels, gliosis and the neurodegenerative process induced by the injection of Aβ(25-35) into the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus. ACEA [1 μM/1 μL] and Aβ(25-35) [100 μM/1 μL] and their respective vehicle groups were injected into the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus. The animals were tested for spatial learning and memory in the eight-arm radial maze, with the results revealing that the administration of ACEA plus Aβ(25-35) improves learning and memory processes, in contrast with the Aβ(25-35) group. Moreover, ACEA plus Aβ(25-35) prevented both the increase in iNOS protein and NO● levels and the reactive gliosis induced by Aβ(25-35). Importantly, neurodegeneration was significantly reduced by the administration of ACEA plus Aβ(25-35) in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus. The data obtained in the present research suggest that the acute early activation of CB1r is crucial for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleidy Patricio-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas-Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Sánchez-Zavaleta
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Isael Angulo-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Liliana Gutierrez-Praxedis
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Eleazar Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Isabel Martínez-García
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ilhuicamina Daniel Limón
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
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Low Dose Teucrium Polium Hydro-Alcoholic Extract Treatment Effects on Spatial Memory and Hippocampal Neuronal Count of Rat Aβ25-35 Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.90893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Ghumatkar PJ, Patil SP, Peshattiwar V, Vijaykumar T, Dighe V, Vanage G, Sathaye S. The modulatory role of phloretin in Aβ 25-35 induced sporadic Alzheimer's disease in rat model. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 392:327-339. [PMID: 30488341 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1588-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading neurodegenerative disorder with extracellular senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles as the major hallmarks. The objective was to evaluate the effect of phloretin in a chronic model of sporadic AD by injecting aggregated form of Aβ25-35 peptide sequence intracerebroventricularly (icv) in Wistar rats. To achieve this, male Wistar rats were injected with aggregated Aβ25-35 peptide icv, followed by 21 days phloretin (2.5 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg) administration after recovery period. Barnes maze and elevated plus maze along with the biochemical estimation of antioxidant enzymes activities were conducted. The hippocampus region of the rat brains were stained with Congo red and Nissl stain. TNF-α was estimated in the brain homogenates using the ELISA assay. In this study, phloretin improved the spatial memory formation and retention in Barnes maze test. Additionally, phloretin alleviated the antioxidant defense biomarkers and thereby reduced oxidative stress, decreased TNF-α-mediated neuroinflammation. Furthermore, phloretin treatment showed decreased amyloid beta accumulation in the CA1 region and less number of pyknotic nuclei in the dentate gyrus of the Aβ25-35-injected rat brains. The above experimental findings evinced the promising role of phloretin in Aβ25-35-injected rats and which further envisage its potential to be explored in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya J Ghumatkar
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory-II, Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (University under Section 3 of UGC Act- 1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence-Govt. of Maharashtra, TEQIP Phase II Funded), Matunga (E), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Sachin P Patil
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory-II, Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (University under Section 3 of UGC Act- 1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence-Govt. of Maharashtra, TEQIP Phase II Funded), Matunga (E), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Vaibhavi Peshattiwar
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory-II, Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (University under Section 3 of UGC Act- 1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence-Govt. of Maharashtra, TEQIP Phase II Funded), Matunga (E), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Tushara Vijaykumar
- National Centre for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Vikas Dighe
- National Centre for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Geeta Vanage
- National Centre for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Sadhana Sathaye
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory-II, Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (University under Section 3 of UGC Act- 1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence-Govt. of Maharashtra, TEQIP Phase II Funded), Matunga (E), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India.
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Spatial Dynamics of Vascular and Biochemical Injury in Rat Hippocampus Following Striatal Injury and Aβ Toxicity. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2714-2727. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Bergin DH, Jing Y, Mockett BG, Zhang H, Abraham WC, Liu P. Altered plasma arginine metabolome precedes behavioural and brain arginine metabolomic profile changes in the APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:108. [PMID: 29802260 PMCID: PMC5970225 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides play a central role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), recent evidence also implicates altered metabolism of L-arginine in the pathogenesis of AD. The present study systematically investigated how behavioural function and the brain and plasma arginine metabolic profiles changed in a chronic Aβ accumulation model using male APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic (Tg) mice at 7 and 13 months of age. As compared to their wild-type (WT) littermates, Tg mice displayed age-related deficits in spatial water maze tasks and alterations in brain arginine metabolism. Interestingly, the plasma arginine metabolic profile was markedly altered in 7-month Tg mice prior to major behavioural impairment. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that plasma putrescine and spermine significantly differentiated between Tg and WT mice. These results demonstrate the parallel development of altered brain arginine metabolism and behavioural deficits in Tg mice. The altered plasma arginine metabolic profile that preceded the behavioural and brain profile changes suggests that there may be merit in an arginine-centric set of ante-mortem biomarkers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Bergin
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Y Jing
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - B G Mockett
- Brain Research New Zealand and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - H Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - W C Abraham
- Brain Research New Zealand and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - P Liu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
- Brain Research New Zealand and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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The contribution of transgenic and nontransgenic animal models in Alzheimer's disease drug research and development. Behav Pharmacol 2018; 28:95-111. [PMID: 28177983 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, several papers have become available in the literature on both the main hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the several intracellular pathways whose alteration is responsible for its onset and progression. The use of transgenic and nontransgenic animal models has played a key role in achieving such a remarkable amount of preclinical data, allowing researchers to dissect the cellular changes occurring in the AD brain. In addition, the huge amount of preclinical evidence arising from these animal models was necessary for the further clinical development of pharmacological agents capable of interfering with most of the impaired neural pathways in AD patients. In this respect, a significant role is played by the dysfunction of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission responsible for the cognitive and behavioral symptoms described in AD patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the main animal models that contributed toward unraveling the pathological changes in neurotransmitter synthesis, release, and receptor binding in AD preclinical studies. The review also provides an updated description of the current pharmacological agents - still under clinical development - acting on the neurotransmitter systems.
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Membrane-Associated Effects of Glucocorticoid on BACE1 Upregulation and Aβ Generation: Involvement of Lipid Raft-Mediated CREB Activation. J Neurosci 2017; 37:8459-8476. [PMID: 28855330 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0074-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid has been widely accepted to induce Alzheimer's disease, but the nongenomic effect of glucocorticoid on amyloid β (Aβ) generation has yet to be studied. Here, we investigated the effect of the nongenomic pathway induced by glucocorticoid on amyloid precursor protein processing enzymes as well as Aβ production using male ICR mice and human neuroblastoma SK-N-MC cells. Mice groups exposed to restraint stress or intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ showed impaired cognition, decreased intracellular glucocorticoid receptor (GR) level, but elevated level of membrane GR (mGR). In this respect, we identified the mGR-dependent pathway evoked by glucocorticoid using impermeable cortisol conjugated to BSA (cortisol-BSA) on SK-N-MC cells. Cortisol-BSA augmented the expression of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), the level of C-terminal fragment β of amyloid precursor protein (C99) and Aβ production, which were maintained even after blocking intracellular GR. We also found that cortisol-BSA enhanced the interaction between mGR and Gαs, which colocalized in the lipid raft. The subsequently activated CREB by cortisol-BSA bound to the CRE site of the BACE1 promoter increasing its expression, which was downregulated by inhibiting CBP. Consistently, blocking CBP attenuated cognitive impairment and Aβ production induced by corticosterone treatment or intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ more efficiently than inhibiting intracellular GR in mice. In conclusion, glucocorticoid couples mGR with Gαs and triggers cAMP-PKA-CREB axis dependent on the lipid raft to stimulate BACE1 upregulation and Aβ generation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been growing sharply and stress is considered as the major environment factor of AD. Glucocorticoid is the primarily responsive factor to stress and is widely known to induce AD. However, most AD patients usually have impaired genomic pathway of glucocorticoid due to intracellular glucocorticoid receptor deficiency. In this respect, the genomic mechanism of glucocorticoid faces difficulties in explaining the consistent amyloid β (Aβ) production. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the novel pathway of glucocorticoid on Aβ generation to find a more selective therapeutic approach to AD patients. In this study, we revealed the importance of nongenomic pathway induced by glucocorticoid where membrane glucocorticoid receptor plays an important role in Aβ formation.
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Jang JY, Lee HK, Yoo HS, Seong YH. Phytoceramide ameliorates ß-amyloid protein-induced memory impairment and neuronal death in mice. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:760-771. [PMID: 28600733 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to investigate the protective effect of phytoceramide against ß-amyloid protein (Aβ) (25-35)-induced memory impairment and its underlying mechanisms in mice. Memory impairment in mice was induced by intracerebroventricular injection of 15 nmol Aβ (25-35) and measured by the passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test. Chronic administration of phytoceramide (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) resulted in significantly less Aβ (25-35)-induced memory loss and hippocampal neuronal death in treated mice compared to controls. The decrease of glutathione level and increase of lipid peroxidation in brain tissue following injection of Aβ (25-35) was reduced by phytoceramide. Alteration of apoptosis-related proteins, increase of inflammatory factors, and phosphorylation of mitogen activated proteins kinases (MAPKs) in Aβ (25-35)-administered mice hippocampus were inhibited by phytoceramide. Phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway and phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were suppressed, while phosphorylation of tau (p-tau) was increased in Aß (25-35)-treated mice brain; these effects were significantly inhibited by administration of phytoceramide. These results suggest that phytoceramide has a possible therapeutic role in managing cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanism might involve inhibition of p-tau formation via anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation activity and promotion of PI3K/Akt/CREB signaling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Su Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Seong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Mitochondrial Ferritin Deletion Exacerbates β-Amyloid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1020357. [PMID: 28191272 PMCID: PMC5278219 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) is a mitochondrial iron storage protein which protects mitochondria from iron-induced oxidative damage. Our previous studies indicate that FtMt attenuates β-amyloid- and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. To explore the protective effects of FtMt on β-amyloid-induced memory impairment and neuronal apoptosis and the mechanisms involved, 10-month-old wild-type and Ftmt knockout mice were infused intracerebroventricularly (ICV) with Aβ25–35 to establish an Alzheimer's disease model. Knockout of Ftmt significantly exacerbated Aβ25–35-induced learning and memory impairment. The Bcl-2/Bax ratio in mouse hippocampi was decreased and the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP were increased. The number of neuronal cells undergoing apoptosis in the hippocampus was also increased in Ftmt knockout mice. In addition, the levels of L-ferritin and FPN1 in the hippocampus were raised, and the expression of TfR1 was decreased. Increased MDA levels were also detected in Ftmt knockout mice treated with Aβ25–35. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the neurological impairment induced by Aβ25–35 was exacerbated in Ftmt knockout mice and that this may relate to increased levels of oxidative stress.
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Vitamin D 3 protects against Aβ peptide cytotoxicity in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH- SY5Y cells: A role for S1P1/p38MAPK/ATF4 axis. Neuropharmacology 2017; 116:328-342. [PMID: 28077289 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Besides its classical function of bone metabolism regulation, 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), acts on a variety of tissues including the nervous system, where the hormone plays an important role as neuroprotective, antiproliferating and differentiating agent. Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids that play critical and complex roles in regulating cell fate. In the present paper we have investigated whether sphingolipids are involved in the protective action of 1,25(OH)2D3. We have found that 1,25(OH)2D3 prevents amyloid-β peptide (Aβ(1-42)) cytotoxicity both in differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and in vivo. In differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, Aβ(1-42) strongly reduces the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)/ceramide (Cer) ratio while 1,25(OH)2D3 partially reverts this effect. 1,25(OH)2D3 reverts also the Aβ(1-42)-induced reduction of sphingosine kinase activity. We have also studied the crosstalk between 1,25(OH)2D3 and S1P signaling pathways downstream to the activation of S1P receptor subtype S1P1. Notably, we found that 1,25(OH)2D3 prevents the reduction of S1P1 expression promoted by Aβ(1-42) and thereby it modulates the downstream signaling leading to ER stress damage (p38MAPK/ATF4). Similar effects were observed by using ZK191784. In addition, chronic treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 protects from aggregated Aβ(1-42)-induced damage in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus and promotes cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult mice. In conclusion, these results represent the first evidence of the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its structural analogue ZK191784 in counteracting the Aβ(1-42) peptide-induced toxicity through the modulation of S1P/S1P1/p38MAPK/ATF4 pathway in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells.
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Sharma S, Verma S, Kapoor M, Saini A, Nehru B. Alzheimer's disease like pathology induced six weeks after aggregated amyloid-beta injection in rats: increased oxidative stress and impaired long-term memory with anxiety-like behavior. Neurol Res 2016; 38:838-50. [PMID: 27431920 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1209337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide deposition into insoluble plaques is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but soluble oligomeric Aβ is considered to be more potent and has been hypothesized to directly impair learning and memory. Also, evidences from some clinical studies indicated that Aβ oligomer formation is the major cause for early AD onset. However, the biochemical mechanism involved in the oligomer-induced toxicity is not very well addressed. So, thise present study was undertaken to study the effects of single intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of protofibrillar Aβ 1-42 on the behavioral and biochemical profile in rats. METHODS Rats were divided into two groups (n = 8 per group): (1) sham control group and (2) Aβ 1-42 injected group. A single dose of protofibrillar Aβ 1-42 (5 ul) through icv injection was bilaterally administered into the dorsal hippocampus, while sham control animals were administered with 5 µl of vehicle. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the protofibrillar Aβ significantly inhibited long-term memory retention and increased anxiety levels as shown by the behavioral studies. The amyloid deposits were present inside the brain even six weeks after injection as confirmed by thioflavin-T staining and the neurodegeneration induced by these deposits was confirmed by Nissl's staining in hippocampal and cortical regions. The amyloid aggregates induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, acetylcholinesterase activity, nitrite levels, lipid peroxidation, and inhibited antioxidant enzyme activity in hippocampus, cortex, and striatum regions of rat brain after six weeks. DISCUSSION The present study indicated that protofibrillar Aβ 1-42 injection altered long term memory, induced anxiety-like behavior and also developed Alzheimer's disease like pathology in rats.
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Key Words
- AChE, Acetylcholinesterase
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- APP, Amyloid precursor protein
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Amyloid beta 1-42
- Anxiety
- Aβ, Amyloid beta
- CA1, Cornus ammonis
- DCFH-DA, 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate
- DMSO, Dimethylsulphoxide
- LPO, lipid peroxidation
- LTP, Long term potentiation
- MDA, Malondialdehyde
- Memory retention
- NFT, neurofibrillary tangle
- Oxidative stress
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- TBA, Thiobarbituric acid
- Th-T, Thioflavin-T
- icv, intracerebroventricular
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Sharma
- a Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Sonia Verma
- a Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Monika Kapoor
- a Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Avneet Saini
- a Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Bimla Nehru
- a Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
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Endres K, Reinhardt S, Geladaris A, Knies J, Grimm M, Hartmann T, Schmitt U. Transnasal delivery of human A-beta peptides elicits impaired learning and memory performance in wild type mice. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:44. [PMID: 27377996 PMCID: PMC4932715 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murine models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are mainly based on overexpression of pathologic amyloid precursor protein and/or presenilins. Those genes resemble underlying cause of early onset type of AD while about 99 % of all human cases are to be characterized as sporadic, late onset. Appropriate animal models for this type of AD are still missing. We here investigated, if transnasal delivery of A-beta 42 peptides might serve to mimic pathological effects in mice. RESULTS A-beta 42 peptides, used for the behavioral study, showed the expected dose-dependent toxicity in neur oblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y and were able to form higher molecular weight species in vitro. Upon delivery into nostrils of wild type mice, protein bands that might represent aggregation products of the exogenously applied human A-beta 42 were only observed in total brain homogenates from mice pre-treated with mannitol. By using TAMRA-labeled A-beta 42 peptides we demonstrated, that transport throughout the brain was achieved already 1 h after administration. FVB/N mice treated with A-beta 42 for 3 days were significantly impaired in the cue-retention condition of the fear conditioning task as compared to controls whereas A-beta-treated C57B6/J mice were impaired in the context condition. In the Morris water maze test, these mice also displayed a delayed learning performance, indicated by significantly longer time to find the platform. Those deficits were also seen for memory performance in the probe trial as measured by number of crossings of the former platform position and time spent in the goal quadrant. CONCLUSIONS Existing AD mouse models are of genetic origin and need prolonged housing time before onset of pathology. Our short-term treatment induced learning and memory deficits via exogenous application of A-beta peptides comparable to those observed for the transgenic animals. With the transnasal A-beta 42 treatment we present an approach to investigate purely A-beta related changes suitable as a model for symptoms of Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Resulting behavioral deficits were indicative for familial type of Alzheimer's disease as well as for the late onset variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sven Reinhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anastasia Geladaris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Knies
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus Grimm
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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Amyloid Beta Peptides Affect Pregnenolone and Pregnenolone Sulfate Levels in PC-12 and SH-SY5Y Cells Depending on Cholesterol. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1700-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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26
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Zhang Z, Chen R, An W, Wang C, Liao G, Dong X, Bi A, Yin Z, Luo L. A novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and calcium channel blocker SCR-1693 improves Aβ25-35-impaired mouse cognitive function. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:599-613. [PMID: 26554390 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The mechanism involved in AD is complex, which has prompted to develop compounds that could simultaneously interact with several potential targets. Here, we report a new synthesized compound SCR-1693 which is designed to target both AChE and calcium channels that are potential for AD therapy. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of SCR-1693 on AChE and calcium channels, the effects of neuroprotection and anti-amnesia in icv-Aβ25-35-injected mice, and the potential mechanisms. METHODS AChE activity assay, intracellular Ca(2+) content and calcium currents measurement, and Aβ25-35-induced cellular death determine were performed for validation of designed targets and neuroprotection of SCR-1693. Mice were orally administrated with SCR-1693 once daily after an Aβ25-35 injection. The Morris water maze and Y-maze test, and hippocampal protein detection were conducted on days 5-10, day 11, and day 8. The pyramidal neuron number, hippocampal AChE activity, and synaptic transmission were measured on day 12. RESULTS SCR-1693 acted as a selective, reversible, and noncompetitive inhibitor of AChE, and a nonselective voltage-gated calcium channel blocker. SCR-1693 also inhibited the increase of AChE activity in the mouse hippocampus. SCR-1693 was more effective than donepezil and memantine in preventing Aβ25-35-induced long-term and short-term memory impairment, maintaining the basal transmission of Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses, and sustaining LTP in mouse hippocampus. SCR-1693 attenuated Aβ25-35-induced death of SH-SY5Y cell and the loss of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, and regulated Aβ25-35-induced signal cascade in neurons. CONCLUSIONS All these findings indicated that SCR-1693, as a double-target-direction agent, is a considerable candidate for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Simovay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Chen
- Jiangsu Simovay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenji An
- Jiangsu Simovay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Jiangsu Simovay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoyong Liao
- Jiangsu Simovay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Yin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.
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The action of neuropeptide AF on passive avoidance learning. Involvement of neurotransmitters. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 127:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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28
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Kim JY, Lee HK, Jang JY, Yoo JK, Seong YH. Ilex latifolia Prevents Amyloid β Protein (25-35)-Induced Memory Impairment by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Tau Phosphorylation in Mice. J Med Food 2015; 18:1317-26. [PMID: 26291170 PMCID: PMC4685495 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ilex latifolia Thunb. (Aquifoliaceae), a Chinese bitter tea called "kudingcha," has been widely consumed as a health beverage and found to possess antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ischemic activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of an ethanol extract of I. latifolia against amyloid β protein (Aβ)-induced memory impairment in mice and neurotoxicity in cultured rat cortical neurons. Memory impairment in mice was induced by intracerebroventricular injection of 15 nmol Aβ (25-35) and measured by the passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test. Chronic administration of I. latifolia (25-100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly prevented Aβ (25-35)-induced memory loss. I. latifolia also prevented the decrease of glutathione concentrations, increased lipid peroxidation, expression of phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and changes in apoptosis-associated proteins in the memory-impaired mouse brain. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to 10 μM Aβ (25-35) for 36 h induced neuronal apoptotic death. The neuronal cell death, elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, generation of reactive oxygen species, and expression of proapoptotic proteins caused by Aβ (25-35) in the cultured neurons were inhibited by treatment with I. latifolia (1-50 μg/mL). These results suggest that I. latifolia may have a possible therapeutic role in managing cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanism might involve the antiapoptotic effects mediated by antioxidant activity and inhibition of p-tau formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Youn Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | | | - Yeon Hee Seong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Behavior and the cholinergic parameters in olfactory bulbectomized female rodents: Difference between rats and mice. Behav Brain Res 2015; 297:5-14. [PMID: 26431763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) in rodents induces a wide spectrum of functional disturbances, including behavioral, neurochemical, and neuromorphological alterations. We have examined the effects of OBX on behavior and the parameters of the cholinergic system in female rats and mice. In rats, OBX resulted in the appearance of some depressive-like behavioral marks, such as the decreased sucrose consumption, hyperactivity, impaired short-term memory and anxiety-like behavioral features, such as shortened presence in the center of the open field arena or open arms of the elevated plus-maze and an enhancement of avoidance behavior. These behavioral abnormalities could be associated with disturbances in hippocampal function, this suggestion being supported by the presence of cellular changes in this brain structure. No effect of OBX on the number of cholinergic neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band as well as on the acetylcholine content and acetylcholinesterase activity in the septum, hippocampus, and neocortex could be detected. In contrast, in mice, OBX impaired spontaneous alternation behavior and decreased the number of cholinergic neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band. These data demonstrate that rats and mice differently respond to OBX, in particular, OBX does not significantly affect the cholinergic system in rats.
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Dinocourt C, Legrand M, Dublineau I, Lestaevel P. The neurotoxicology of uranium. Toxicology 2015; 337:58-71. [PMID: 26277741 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The brain is a target of environmental toxic pollutants that impair cerebral functions. Uranium is present in the environment as a result of natural deposits and release by human applications. The first part of this review describes the passage of uranium into the brain, and its effects on neurological functions and cognitive abilities. Very few human studies have looked at its cognitive effects. Experimental studies show that after exposure, uranium can reach the brain and lead to neurobehavioral impairments, including increased locomotor activity, perturbation of the sleep-wake cycle, decreased memory, and increased anxiety. The mechanisms underlying these neurobehavioral disturbances are not clearly understood. It is evident that there must be more than one toxic mechanism and that it might include different targets in the brain. In the second part, we therefore review the principal mechanisms that have been investigated in experimental models: imbalance of the anti/pro-oxidant system and neurochemical and neurophysiological pathways. Uranium effects are clearly specific according to brain area, dose, and time. Nonetheless, this review demonstrates the paucity of data about its effects on developmental processes and the need for more attention to the consequences of exposure during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Dinocourt
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle de la Radioprotection de l'Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d'Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale, BP 17, F-92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Marie Legrand
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle de la Radioprotection de l'Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d'Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale, BP 17, F-92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Isabelle Dublineau
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle de la Radioprotection de l'Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d'Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale, BP 17, F-92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Philippe Lestaevel
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle de la Radioprotection de l'Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d'Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale, BP 17, F-92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Nell HJ, Whitehead SN, Cechetto DF. Age-Dependent Effect of β-Amyloid Toxicity on Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons and Inflammation in the Rat Brain. Brain Pathol 2014; 25:531-42. [PMID: 25187042 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, neuroinflammation, basal forebrain cholinergic loss and hippocampal degeneration are well-described pathologies associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role that age plays in the susceptibility of the brain to these AD pathologies and the relationships between them is still not well understood. This study investigated the age-related response to intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ(25-35) in 3-, 6- and 9-month-old rats. Aβ toxicity resulted in an age-related increase in cholinergic loss and microglial activation in the basal forebrain along with neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA3 subfield. Performance in the Morris water maze revealed impairments in long-term reference memory in 6-month-old Aβ administered animals, which was not seen in 3-month-old animals. These results support a role of Aβ administration in inducing age-dependent cholinergic loss and neuroinflammation, and additionally provide evidence for a more age-appropriate model of adult-onset Aβ toxicity demonstrating pathological changes that reflect the early stages of AD pathogenesis including neuroinflammation, cholinergic loss and beginning stages of memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Joy Nell
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Neuroprotection by the synthetic neurosteroid enantiomers ent-PREGS and ent-DHEAS against Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ peptide-induced toxicity in vitro and in vivo in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:3293-3312. [PMID: 24481566 PMCID: PMC4188413 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pregnenolone sulfate (PREGS) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) are pro-amnesic, anti-amnesic and neuroprotective steroids in rodents. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient's brains, their low concentrations are correlated with high levels of Aβ and tau proteins. The unnatural enantiomer ent-PREGS enhanced memory in rodents. We investigated here whether ent-PREGS and ent-DHEAS could be neuroprotective in AD models. OBJECTIVE The effects of PREGS, ent-PREGS, DHEAS and ent-DHEAS against Aβ25-35 peptide-induced toxicity were examined in vitro on B104 neuroblastoma cells and in vivo in mice. METHODS B104 cells pretreated with the steroids before Aβ25-35 were analysed by flow cytometry measuring cell viability and death processes. Mice injected intracerebroventricularly with Aβ25-35 and the steroids were analysed for their memory abilities. Additionally, lipid peroxidation levels in the hippocampus were measured. RESULTS ent-PREGS and PREGS significantly attenuated the Aβ25-35-induced decrease in cell viability. Both steroids prevented the Aβ25-35-induced increase in late apoptotic cells. PREGS further attenuated the ratio of necrotic cells. ent-DHEAS and DHEAS significantly reduced the Aβ25-35-induced toxicity and prevented the cells from entering late apoptosis and necrosis. All steroids stimulated neurite outgrowth per se and prevented the Aβ25-35-induced decrease. In vivo, ent-PREGS and ent-DHEAS significantly attenuated the Aβ25-35-induced decrease in memory (spontaneous alternation and passive avoidance) and an increase in lipid peroxidation levels. In contrast to the natural steroids, both enantiomers prevented amnesia when injected 6 h before Aβ25-35 in contrast to the natural steroids. CONCLUSION The unnatural steroids ent-PREGS and ent-DHEAS are potent neuroprotective agents and could be effective therapeutical tools in AD.
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Choi YJ, Chae S, Kim JH, Barald KF, Park JY, Lee SH. Neurotoxic amyloid beta oligomeric assemblies recreated in microfluidic platform with interstitial level of slow flow. Sci Rep 2014; 3:1921. [PMID: 23719665 PMCID: PMC3667571 DOI: 10.1038/srep01921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is accompanied by progressive, time-dependent changes of three moieties of amyloid beta. In vitro models therefore should provide same conditions for more physiologic studies. Here we observed changes in the number of fibrils over time and studied the correlation between amyloid beta moieties and neurotoxicity. Although the number of fibrils increased dramatically, the change in neurotoxicity with time was small, suggesting that fibrils make little contribution to neurotoxicity. To study the neurotoxicity of diffusible moieties by regulating microenvironments, we created a bio-mimetic microfluidic system generating spatial gradients of diffusible oligomeric assemblies and assessed their effects on cultured neurons. We found amyloid beta exposure produced an atrophy effect and observed neurite extension during the differentiation of neural progenitor cells increased when cells were cultured with continuous flow. The results demonstrate the potential neurotoxicity of oligomeric assemblies and establish a prospective microfluidic platform for studying the neurotoxicity of amyloid beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tishkina AO, Stepanichev MY, Lazareva NA, Kulagina AO, Gulyaeva NV. The glial response in the rodent hippocampus to systemic administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. NEUROCHEM J+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712414020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Transient disturbances in contextual fear memory induced by Aβ(25–35) in rats are accompanied by cholinergic dysfunction. Behav Brain Res 2014; 259:152-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Park S, Kim DS, Kang S, Moon NR. β-Amyloid-induced cognitive dysfunction impairs glucose homeostasis by increasing insulin resistance and decreasing β-cell mass in non-diabetic and diabetic rats. Metabolism 2013; 62:1749-60. [PMID: 24050268 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE β-Amyloid accumulation in the brain may impair glucose homeostasis in both the brain and peripheral tissues. The present study investigated whether β-amyloid deposition in the hippocampus impairs glucose homeostasis by altering insulin sensitivity, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion or β-cell mass. METHODS Male rats were divided into two groups: a non-diabetic sham group and a diabetic partial pancreatectomized (Px) group. Each group was then subdivided into three treatment groups that received intra-CA1 infusions of β-amyloid (25-35; AMY), β-amyloid (35-25; RAMY; non-plaque forming), or saline at a rate of 3.6 nmol/day for 14 days. RESULTS After 4weeks, cognitive function measured by passive avoidance and water maze tests was impaired in non-diabetic rats that received AMY compared with rats that received saline or RAMY. Furthermore, diabetes exacerbated cognitive dysfunction in AMY-infused rats. This was associated with the hyperphosphorylation of tau as a result of attenuated insulin signaling (pAkt→pGSK) through decreased phosphorylation of cAMP responding element binding protein in the hippocampus of non-diabetic and diabetic rats. AMY exacerbated whole-body and hepatic insulin resistance in non-diabetic and diabetic rats. However, AMY potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in non-diabetic and diabetic rats, but caused decreased β-cell mass via increased β-cell apoptosis and decreased β-cell proliferation. As a result, glucose homeostasis was maintained by potentiating insulin secretion in diabetic rats, but may not be sustainable with further decreases in β-cell mass. CONCLUSION Cognitive dysfunction attributable to β-amyloid accumulation in the hippocampus might be related to disturbed glucose homeostasis due to increased insulin resistance and decreased β-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea.
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Maurice T, Mustafa MH, Desrumaux C, Keller E, Naert G, de la C García-Barceló M, Rodríguez Cruz Y, Garcia Rodríguez JC. Intranasal formulation of erythropoietin (EPO) showed potent protective activity against amyloid toxicity in the Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ non-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Psychopharmacol 2013; 27:1044-57. [PMID: 23813967 DOI: 10.1177/0269881113494939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) promotes neurogenesis and neuroprotection. We here compared the protection induced by two EPO formulations in a rodent model of Alzheimer's disease (AD): rHu-EPO and a low sialic form, Neuro-EPO. We used the intracerebroventricular administration of aggregated Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ peptide, a non-transgenic AD model. rHu-EPO was tested at 125-500 µg/kg intraperitoneally and Neuro-EPO at 62-250 µg/kg intranasally (IN). Behavioural procedures included spontaneous alternation, passive avoidance, water-maze and object recognition, to address spatial and non-spatial, short- and long-term memories. Biochemical markers of Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ toxicity in the mouse hippocampus were examined and cell loss in the CA1 layer was determined. rHu-EPO and Neuro-EPO led to a significant prevention of Aβ₂₅₋₃₅-induced learning deficits. Both EPO formulations prevented the induction of lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus, showing an antioxidant activity. rHu-EPO (250 µg/kg) or Neuro-EPO (125 µg/kg) prevented the Aβ₂₅₋₃₅-induced increase in Bax level, TNFα and IL-1β production and decrease in Akt activation. A significant prevention of the Aβ₂₅₋₃₅-induced cell loss in CA1 was also observed. EPO is neuroprotective in the Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ AD model, confirming its potential as an endogenous neuroprotection system that could be boosted for therapeutic efficacy. We here identified a new IN formulation of EPO showing high neuroprotective activity. Considering its efficacy, ease and safety, IN Neuro-EPO is a new promising therapeutic agent in AD.
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Bernal-Mondragón C, Rivas-Arancibia S, Kendrick KM, Guevara-Guzmán R. Estradiol prevents olfactory dysfunction induced by A-β 25-35 injection in hippocampus. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:104. [PMID: 24059981 PMCID: PMC3849069 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer and Parkinson, present an olfactory impairment in early stages, and sometimes even before the clinical symptoms begin. In this study, we assess the role of CA1 hippocampus (structure highly affected in Alzheimer disease) subfield in the rats’ olfactory behavior, and the neuroprotective effect of 17 beta estradiol (E2) against the oxidative stress produced by the injection of amyloid beta 25–35. Results 162 Wistar rats were ovariectomized and two weeks after injected with 2 μl of amyloid beta 25–35 (A-β25–35) in CA1 subfield. Olfactory behavior was evaluated with a social recognition test, odor discrimination, and search tests. Oxidative stress was evaluated with FOX assay and Western Blot against 4-HNE, Fluoro Jade staining was made to quantify degenerated neurons; all these evaluations were performed 24 h, 8 or 15 days after A-β25–35 injection. Three additional groups treated with 17 beta estradiol (E2) were also evaluated. The injection of A-β25–35 produced an olfactory impairment 24 h and 8 days after, whereas a partial recovery of the olfactory behavior was observed at 15 days. A complete prevention of the olfactory impairment was observed with the administration of E2 two weeks before the amyloid injection (A-β25–35 24 h + E2) and one or two weeks after (groups 8 A-β +E2 and 15 A-β +E2 days, respectively); a decrease of the oxidative stress and neurodegeneration were also observed. Conclusions Our finding shows that CA1 hippocampus subfield plays an important role in the olfactory behavior of the rat. The oxidative stress generated by the administration of A-β25–35 is enough to produce an olfactory impairment. This can be prevented with the administration of E2 before and after amyloid injection. This suggests a possible therapeutic use of estradiol in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bernal-Mondragón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo, Postal 70250, D,F, México, Delegación Coyoacán 04510, Mexico.
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Lahmy V, Meunier J, Malmström S, Naert G, Givalois L, Kim SH, Villard V, Vamvakides A, Maurice T. Blockade of Tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ₁₋₄₂ generation by the aminotetrahydrofuran derivative ANAVEX2-73, a mixed muscarinic and σ₁ receptor agonist, in a nontransgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:1706-23. [PMID: 23493042 PMCID: PMC3717544 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to establish whether the mixed σ₁/muscarinic ligand ANAVEX2-73, shown to be neuroprotective in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models in vivo and currently in clinical phase I/IIa, could have the ability to reduce the appearance of hyperphosphorylated Tau and amyloid-β₁₋₄₂ (Aβ₁₋₄₂ in the Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ mouse model of AD. We therefore first confirmed that Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ injection induced hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein, by showing that it rapidly decreased Akt activity and activated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) in the mouse hippocampus. Second, we showed that the kinase activation, and resulting Tau alteration, directly contributed to the amyloid toxicity, as co-administration of the selective GSK-3β inhibitor 2-thio(3-iodobenzyl)-5-(1-pyridyl)-[1,3,4]-oxidiazole blocked both Tau phosphorylation and Aβ₂₅₋₃₅-induced memory impairments. Third, we analyzed the ANAVEX2-73 effect on Tau phosphorylation and activation of the related kinase pathways (Akt and GSK-3β). And fourth, we also addressed the impact of the drug on Aβ₂₅₋₃₅-induced Aβ₁₋₄₂ seeding and observed that the compound significantly blocked the increase in Aβ₁₋₄₂ and C99 levels in the hippocampus, suggesting that it may alleviate amyloid load in AD models. The comparison with PRE-084, a selective and reference σ₁ receptor agonist, and xanomeline, a muscarinic ligand presenting similar profile as ANAVEX2-73 on M1 and M2 subtypes, confirmed that both muscarinic and σ₁ targets are involved in the ANAVEX2-73 effects. The drug, acting synergistically on both targets, but with moderate affinity, presents a promising pharmacological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Lahmy
- INSERM U710, Montpellier, France,University of Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France,Amylgen, Clapiers, France
| | | | | | - Gaelle Naert
- INSERM U710, Montpellier, France,University of Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Givalois
- INSERM U710, Montpellier, France,University of Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Tangui Maurice
- INSERM U710, Montpellier, France,University of Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France,Inserm U710, University of Montpellier 2, cc 105, place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France, Tel: +33 4 67 14 36 23, Fax: +33 4 67 14 33 86, E-mail:
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Yang HJ, Hwang JT, Kwon DY, Kim MJ, Kang S, Moon NR, Park S. Yuzu extract prevents cognitive decline and impaired glucose homeostasis in β-amyloid-infused rats. J Nutr 2013; 143:1093-9. [PMID: 23719224 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.173401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our preliminary study revealed that dementia induced by β-amyloid accumulation impairs peripheral glucose homeostasis (unpublished). We therefore evaluated whether long-term oral consumption of yuzu (Citrus junos Tanaka) extract improves cognitive dysfunction and glucose homeostasis in β-amyloid-induced rats. Male rats received hippocampal CA1 infusions of β-amyloid (25-35) [plaque forming β-amyloid; Alzheimer disease (AD)] or β-amyloid (35-25) [non-plaque forming β-amyloid; C (non-Alzheimer disease control)] at a rate of 3.6 nmol/d for 14 d. AD rats were divided into 2 dietary groups that received either 3% lyophilized 70% ethanol extracts of yuzu (AD-Y) or 3% dextrin (AD-C) in high-fat diets (43% energy as fat). The AD-C group exhibited greater hippocampal β-amyloid deposition, which was not detected in the C group, and attenuated hippocampal insulin signaling. Yuzu treatment prevented β-amyloid accumulation, increased tau phosphorylation, and attenuated hippocampal insulin signaling observed in AD-C rats. Consistent with β-amyloid accumulation, the AD-C rats experienced cognitive dysfunction, which was prevented by yuzu. AD-C rats gained less weight than did C rats due to decreased feed consumption, and yuzu treatment prevented the decrease in feed consumption. Serum glucose concentrations were higher in AD-C than in C rats at 40-120 min after glucose loading during an oral-glucose-tolerance test, but not at 0-40 min. Serum insulin concentrations were highly elevated in AD-C rats but not enough to lower serum glucose to normal concentrations, indicating that rats in the AD-C group had insulin resistance and a borderline diabetic state. Although AD-C rats were profoundly insulin resistant, AD-Y rats exhibited normal first and second phases of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and secretion. In conclusion, yuzu treatment prevented the cognitive dysfunction and impaired energy and glucose homeostasis induced by β-amyloid infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Yang
- Food Certification Center, Korean Food Research Institutes, Sungnam, South Korea
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Kaushal A, Wani WY, Anand R, Gill KD. Spontaneous and induced nontransgenic animal models of AD: modeling AD using combinatorial approach. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2013; 28:318-26. [PMID: 23687185 PMCID: PMC10852793 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513488914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative and dementing disorder, is characterized by extracellular amyloid deposition, intracellular neurofibrillary tangle formation, and neuronal loss. We are still behind in AD research in terms of knowledge regarding understanding its pathophysiology and designing therapeutics because of the lack of an accurate animal model for AD. A complete animal model of AD should imitate all the cognitive, behavioral, and neuropathological features of the disease. Partial models are currently in use, which only mimic specific and not all of the components of AD pathology. Currently the transgenic animals are the popular models for AD research, but different genetic backgrounds of these transgenic animals remain a major confounding factor. This review attempts to summarize the current literature on nontransgenic animal models of AD and to highlight the potential of exploiting spontaneous and induced animal models for neuropathological, neurochemical, neurobehavioral, and neuroprotective studies of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry,Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Willayat Yousuf Wani
- Department of Biochemistry,Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R. Anand
- Department of Biochemistry,Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kiran Dip Gill
- Department of Biochemistry,Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Tarragon E, Lopez D, Estrada C, Ana GC, Schenker E, Pifferi F, Bordet R, Richardson JC, Herrero MT. Octodon degus: a model for the cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19:643-8. [PMID: 23710760 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Octodon degus (O. degus) is a diurnal rodent that spontaneously develops several physiopathological conditions, analogous in many cases to those experienced by humans. In light of this, O. degus has recently been identified as a very valuable animal model for research in several medical fields, especially those concerned with neurodegenerative diseases in which risk is associated with aging. Octodon degus spontaneously develops β-amyloid deposits analogous to those observed in some cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moreover, these deposits are thought to be the key feature for AD diagnosis, and one of the suggested causes of cell loss and cognitive deficit. This review aims to bring together information to support O. degus as a valuable model for the study of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Tarragon
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), School of Health Sciences (Medicine), University Jaume I of Castellon, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
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Alzheimer's disease related markers, cellular toxicity and behavioral deficits induced six weeks after oligomeric amyloid-β peptide injection in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53117. [PMID: 23301030 PMCID: PMC3534645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathology associated with aging characterized by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles that finally result in synaptic and neuronal loss. The major component of senile plaques is an amyloid-β protein (Aβ). Recently, we characterized the effects of a single intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of Aβ fragment (25–35) oligomers (oAβ25–35) for up to 3 weeks in rats and established a clear parallel with numerous relevant signs of AD. To clarify the long-term effects of oAβ25–35 and its potential role in the pathogenesis of AD, we determined its physiological, behavioral, biochemical and morphological impacts 6 weeks after injection in rats. oAβ25–35 was still present in the brain after 6 weeks. oAβ25–35 injection did not affect general activity and temperature rhythms after 6 weeks, but decreased body weight, induced short- and long-term memory impairments, increased corticosterone plasma levels, brain oxidative (lipid peroxidation), mitochondrial (caspase-9 levels) and reticulum stress (caspase-12 levels), astroglial and microglial activation. It provoked cholinergic neuron loss and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. It induced cell loss in the hippocampic CA subdivisions and decreased hippocampic neurogenesis. Moreover, oAβ25–35 injection resulted in increased APP expression, Aβ1–42 generation, and increased Tau phosphorylation. In conclusion, this in vivo study evidenced that the soluble oligomeric forms of short fragments of Aβ, endogenously identified in AD patient brains, not only provoked long-lasting pathological alterations comparable to the human disease, but may also directly contribute to the progressive increase in amyloid load and Tau pathology, involved in the AD physiopathology.
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Shi Z, Sun X, Liu X, Chen S, Chang Q, Chen L, Song G, Li H. Evaluation of an Aβ1–40-induced cognitive deficit in rat using a reward-directed instrumental learning task. Behav Brain Res 2012; 234:323-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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The phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor rolipram reverses Aβ-induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammatory and apoptotic responses in rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 15:749-66. [PMID: 21733236 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145711000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides play an important role in cognition deficits, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Activation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) signalling enhances memory and inhibits inflammatory and apoptotic responses. However, it is not known whether inhibition of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), a critical controller of intracellular cAMP concentrations, affects AD-associated neuroinflammatory and apoptotic responses and whether these responses contribute to deficits of memory mediated by cAMP signalling. We addressed these issues using memory tests and neurochemical measures. Specifically, rats microinfused with aggregated Aβ25-35 (10 μg/side) into bilateral CA1 subregions displayed deficits in learning ability and memory, as evidenced by decreases in escape latency during acquisition trials and exploratory activities in the probe trial in the water-maze task and 24-h retention in the passive avoidance test. These effects were reversed by rolipram (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg.d i.p.), a prototypic PDE4 inhibitor, in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, Aβ25-35-treated rats also displayed decreases in expression of phosphorylated cAMP response-element binding protein (pCREB) and Bcl-2, but increases in expression of NF-κB p65 and Bax in the hippocampus; these effects were also reversed by rolipram in a dose-dependent manner. Similar neurochemical results were observed by replacing Aβ25-35 with Aβ1-42, a full-length amyloid peptide that quickly forms toxic oligomers. These results suggest that PDE4 inhibitors such as rolipram may reverse Aβ-induced memory deficits at least in part via the attenuation of neuronal inflammation and apoptosis mediated by cAMP/CREB signalling. PDE4 could be a target for treatment of memory loss associated with AD.
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Elmlinger MW, Kriebel M, Ziegler D. Neuroprotective and anti-oxidative effects of the hemodialysate actovegin on primary rat neurons in vitro. Neuromolecular Med 2011; 13:266-74. [PMID: 21983748 PMCID: PMC3220826 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-011-8157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The recently described therapeutic benefits of the hemodialysate actovegin on neuropathic symptoms in diabetic patients with symptomatic polyneuropathy suggest a neuroprotective activity of the drug. To elucidate the possible cellular mechanism of the pharmacological effects of actovegin, we investigated its effects on cultured primary rat neurons in vitro. Primary neurons were cultured for up to 10 days in the presence of increasing doses of actovegin (0.3–1,000 mg/l). Total cell number, dendrite length and the number of excitatory synapses, i.e., the amount of the synaptic V-Glut1 protein, were measured by immunocytochemistry followed by fluorescence microscopy. The apoptotic level in neurons after induction of apoptosis by amyloid peptide Aβ25–35 was assessed by the level of activated caspase-3. In addition, the capability of the neurons to diminish oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the cellular level of reactive oxygen species ROS in the presence of actovegin. Actovegin treatment yielded an increased maintenance of neuronal cells and total number of synapses and could lower the level of activated caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner. Dendrite lengths were not significantly affected. In addition, actovegin reduced the cellular level of ROS in cultured neurons. The cellular effects observed suggest neuroprotective and anti-oxidative effects of the drug Actovegin®, which could at least partially explain its therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W Elmlinger
- Nycomed International Management GmbH, Thurgauerstrasse 130, 8152, Glattpark-Opfikon, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Liu P, Jing Y, Collie ND, Campbell SA, Zhang H. Pre-aggregated Aβ25–35 alters arginine metabolism in the rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Neuroscience 2011; 193:269-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Telegdy G, Tanaka M, Schally AV. Effects of the growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH) antagonist on brain functions in mice. Behav Brain Res 2011; 224:155-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Changes in dietary folate intake differentially affect oxidised lipid and mitochondrial DNA damage in various brain regions of rats in the absence/presence of intracerebroventricularly injected amyloid β-peptide challenge. Br J Nutr 2011; 105:1294-302. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510005052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that changes in dietary folate intake may modulate the risks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through as yet unknown mechanisms. The aims of the present study were to investigate how dietary folate affects the brain folate distribution, levels of oxidised lipid and DNA damage in the absence/presence of β-amyloid(25–35)(Aβ) peptide challenge, a pathogenic hallmark of AD. Male Wistar rats were assigned to diets with folic acid at 0 (folate deprivation; FD), 8 (moderate folate; MF) and 8 mg folic acid/kg diet+0·003 % in drinking-water (folate supplementation; FS) for 4 weeks. A single injection of Aβ peptide (1 mg/ml) or the vehicle solution was intracerebroventricularly (icv) administrated to rats a week before killing. Brain folate, a marker of oxidative injury, and neuronal death were assayed. In the absence of an Aβ injection, FD rats showed reduced folate levels, and increased 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and a mitochondrial (mt)DNA 4834 bp large deletion (mtDNA4834deletion) in the hippocampus compared with the counterpart brains of control rats (P < 0·05). A single icv injection of Aβ peptide potentiated lipid peroxidation in the medulla of FD rats, which was ameliorated by feeding FD rats with the MF and FS diets (P < 0·05). Feeding the FS diet to Aβ-injected rats enriched brain folate levels and reduced mtDNA4834deletion in the hippocampal and medullary regions compared with corresponding tissues of Aβ+FD rats (P < 0·05). Aβ+FS rats had reduced rates of neuronal death in the frontal cortex compared with Aβ+FD rats (P < 0·05). Taken together, our data revealed that folate deprivation differentially depleted brain folate levels, and increased lipid peroxidation and mtDNA4834deletions, particularly, in the hippocampus. Upon Aβ challenge, the FS diet may protect various brain regions against lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial genotoxicity and neural death associated with folate deprivation.
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