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Wang W, Ye L, Dou X, Liu H, Han D. Effects of Rumen-Protected Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestion, Nitrogen Utilisation and Plasma Amino Acid Profiles of Liaoning Cashmere Goats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2995. [PMID: 37835601 PMCID: PMC10571856 DOI: 10.3390/ani13192995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined the effects of rumen-protected methionine (RPM) supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) utilisation and plasma amino acid profiles of Liaoning cashmere goats during cashmere fibre growth. Twenty-four yearling male cashmere goats (body weight: 35.41 ± 1.13 kg) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: a corn-soybean meal basal diet deficient in methionine (negative control, NC) and a basal diet supplemented with 1, 2 and 3 g/kg of RPM. The RPM supplementation quadratically increased the average daily gain (ADG) and decreased the feed to gain ratio (p = 0.001) without affecting the final body weight and dry matter intake. In particular, compared to NC, 2 g/kg RPM supplementation increased the ADG by 35 g/d (p < 0.001) and resulted in the lowest feed to gain ratio (p < 0.001). RPM increased the apparent total tract digestibility of N and decreased the faecal N levels, both in a linear fashion (p = 0.005). Urinary N levels did not have an effect, but the N retention levels increased linearly with PRM (p = 0.032). Moreover, the RPM decreased the plasma urea N levels (p < 0.001) and increased the plasma Met levels quadratically (p < 0.001). In conclusion, RPM supplementation in the diet of cashmere goats can enhance the utilisation of N and improve ADG during the cashmere fibre growing period, and 2 g/kg of RPM in the diet is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wennan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (W.W.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lisha Ye
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (W.W.); (L.Y.)
| | - Xingtang Dou
- Liaoning Province Modern Agricultural Production Base and Construction Engineering Center, Liaoyang 111000, China;
- Liaoning Cashmere Goat Breeding Farm Co., Ltd., Liaoyang 111000, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (W.W.); (L.Y.)
| | - Di Han
- Liaoning Province Modern Agricultural Production Base and Construction Engineering Center, Liaoyang 111000, China;
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Effect of Methionine Hydroxy Analog on Hu Sheep Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, and Rumen Microbial Community In Vitro. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020169. [PMID: 36837788 PMCID: PMC9968006 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of a methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) on in vitro gas production, rumen fermentation parameters, and rumen microbiota. Two different MHA, 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid isopropyl ester (HMBi) and the calcium salt of the hydroxy analog of methionine (MHA-Ca), were selected for in vitro experiments. The treatments were the Control group (0% of MHA), HMBi group (2%HMBi), and MHA-Ca group (2%MHA-Ca). Dry matter digestibility was measured after 12 h and 24 h of fermentation, and fermentation parameters and microbial composition were analyzed after 24 h. HMBi and MHA-Ca showed increased (p = 0.001) cumulative gas production in 3 h. The total volatile fatty acids, microbial protein (MCP) concentration, acetate, and acetate to propionate ratio in the HMBi and MHA-Ca groups were significantly higher than those in the Control group (p = 0.006, p = 0.002, p = 0.001, p = 0.004), and the NH3-N concentrations in the HMBi and MHA-Ca groups were significantly lower than those in the Control group (p = 0.004). The 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the HMBi group had a higher (p = 0.039, p = 0.001, p = 0.027) relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Synergistetes and a lower relative abundance of Proteobacteria (p = 0.001) than the Control group. At the genus level, Prevotella abundance was higher (p = 0.001), while Ruminobacter abundance was lower (p = 0.001), in the HMBi and MHA-Ca groups than in the Control group. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of Prevotella_1, Streptococcus, and Desulfovibrio was positively correlated with dry matter digestibility, MCP, and fermentation parameters. MHA, thus, significantly increased gas production and altered the rumen fermentation parameters and microbiota composition of sheep.
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Räisänen SE, Zhu X, Zhou C, Lage CFA, Fetter M, Silvestre T, Stefenoni H, Wasson DE, Cueva SF, Eun JS, Moon JO, Park JS, Hristov AN. Production effects and bioavailability of N-acetyl-l-methionine in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:313-328. [PMID: 34756433 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the production effects of N-acetyl-l-methionine (NALM; experiment 1) and to estimate its bioavailability (BA) and rumen escape (RE; experiment 2), respectively, in lactating dairy cows. In experiment 1, 18 multiparous Holstein cows were used in a replicated, 3 × 3 Latin square design experiment with three 28-d periods. Treatments were (1) basal diet estimated to supply 45 g/d digestible Met (dMet) or 1.47% of metabolizable protein (MP; control), (2) basal diet top-dressed with 32 g/d of NALM to achieve dMet supply of 2.2% of MP, and (3) basal diet top-dressed with 56 g/d of NALM to achieve dMet supply of 2.6% of MP. The NALM treatments supplied estimated 17 and 29 g/d dMet from NALM, respectively, based on manufacturer's specifications. In experiment 2, 4 rumen-cannulated lactating Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment with four 12-d periods. A 12-d period for baseline data collection and 4 d for determination of RE of NALM preceded the Latin square experiment. For determination of RE, 30 g of NALM were dosed into the rumen simultaneously with Cr-EDTA (used as a rumen fluid kinetics marker) and samples of ruminal contents were collected at 0 (before dosing), 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18, and 24 h after dosing. Rumen escape of NALM was calculated using the estimated passage rate based on the measured Cr rate of disappearance. Bioavailability of abomasally dosed NALM was determined using the area under the curve of plasma Met concentration technique. Two doses of l-Met (providing 7.5 and 15 g of dMet) and 2 doses of NALM (11.2 and 14.4 g dMet) were separately pulse-dosed into the abomasum of the cows and blood was collected from the jugular vein for Met concentration analysis at 0 (before dosing), 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 18, and 24 h after dosing. Supplementation of NALM did not affect DMI, milk yield, feed efficiency, or milk protein and lactose concentrations and yields in experiment 1. Milk fat concentration and energy-corrected milk yield decreased linearly with NALM dose. Plasma Met concentration was not affected by NALM dose. The estimated relative BA of abomasally dosed NALM (experiment 2) was 50% when dosed at 14.4 g/cow (11.2 g/d dMet from NALM) and 24% when dosed at 28.8 g/cow (14.4 g/d dMet from NALM). The estimated RE of NALM was 19% based on the measured kp of Cr at 11%/h. The total availability of ingested NALM was estimated at 9.5% for the lower NALM dose when taking into account RE (19%) and bioavailability in the small intestine (50%). Overall, NALM supplementation to mid-lactation dairy cows fed a MP-adequate basal diet below NRC (2001) recommendations (45 g/d or 1.47% Met of MP) decreased milk fat and energy-corrected milk yields but did not affect milk or milk true protein yields. Further evaluation of BA of NALM at different doses is warranted. In addition, intestinal conversion of NALM to Met needs additional investigation to establish a possible saturation of the enzyme aminoacylase I at higher NALM doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Räisänen
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - X Zhu
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 0731, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - C Zhou
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - C F A Lage
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Tulare 93274
| | - M Fetter
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - T Silvestre
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - H Stefenoni
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - D E Wasson
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - S F Cueva
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - J-S Eun
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ Blossom Park, Suwon 16495, Korea
| | - J O Moon
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ Blossom Park, Suwon 16495, Korea
| | - J S Park
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ Blossom Park, Suwon 16495, Korea
| | - A N Hristov
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
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Toledo MZ, Stangaferro ML, Gennari RS, Barletta RV, Perez MM, Wijma R, Sitko EM, Granados G, Masello M, Van Amburgh ME, Luchini D, Giordano JO, Shaver RD, Wiltbank MC. Effects of feeding rumen-protected methionine pre- and postpartum in multiparous Holstein cows: Lactation performance and plasma amino acid concentrations. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7583-7603. [PMID: 33865588 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to evaluate the effect of feeding rumen-protected methionine (RPM) in pre- and postpartum total mix ration (TMR) on lactation performance and plasma AA concentrations in dairy cows. A total of 470 multiparous Holstein cows [235 cows at University of Wisconsin (UW) and 235 cows at Cornell University (CU)] were enrolled approximately 4 wk before parturition, housed in close-up dry cow and replicated lactation pens. Pens were randomly assigned to treatment diets (pre- and postpartum, respectively): UW control (CON) diet = 2.30 and 2.09% of Met as percentage of metabolizable protein (MP) and RPM diet = 2.83 and 2.58% of Met as MP; CU CON = 2.22 and 2.19% of Met as percentage of MP, and CU RPM = 2.85 and 2.65% of Met as percentage of MP. Treatments were evaluated until 112 ± 3 d in milk (DIM). Milk yield was recorded daily. Milk samples were collected at wk 1 and 2 of lactation, and then every other week, and analyzed for milk composition. For lactation pens, dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily. Body weight and body condition score were determined from 4 ± 3 DIM and parturition until 39 ± 3 and 49 DIM, respectively. Plasma AA concentrations were evaluated within 3 h after feeding during the periparturient period [d -7 (±4), 0, 7 (±1), 14 (±1), and 21 (±1); n = 225]. In addition, plasma AA concentrations were evaluated (every 3 h for 24 h) after feeding in cows at 76 ± 8 DIM (n = 16) and within 3 h after feeding in cows at 80 ± 3 DIM (n = 72). The RPM treatment had no effect on DMI (27.9 vs. 28.0 kg/d) or milk yield (48.7 vs. 49.2 kg/d) for RPM and CON, respectively. Cows fed the RPM treatment had increased milk protein concentration (3.07 vs. 2.95%) and yield (1.48 vs. 1.43 kg/d), and milk fat concentration (3.87 vs. 3.77%), although milk fat yield did not differ. Plasma Met concentrations tended to be greater for cows fed RPM at 7 d before parturition (25.9 vs. 22.9 µM), did not differ at parturition (22.0 vs. 20.4 µM), and were increased on d 7 (31.0 vs. 21.2 µM) and remained greater with consistent concentrations until d 21 postpartum (d 14: 30.5 vs. 19.0 µM; d 21: 31.0 vs. 17.8 µM). However, feeding RPM decreased Leu, Val, Asn, and Ser (d 7, 14, and 21) and Tyr (d 14). At a later stage in lactation, plasma Met was increased for RPM cows (34.4 vs. 16.7 µM) consistently throughout the day, with no changes in other AA. Substantial variation was detected for plasma Met concentration (range: RPM = 8.9-63.3 µM; CON = 7.8-28.8 µM) among cows [coefficient of variation (CV) > 28%] and within cow during the day (CV: 10.5-27.1%). In conclusion, feeding RPM increased plasma Met concentration and improved lactation performance via increased milk protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Z Toledo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
| | | | - Rodrigo S Gennari
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
| | - Rafael V Barletta
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
| | - Martin M Perez
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Robert Wijma
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Emily M Sitko
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - German Granados
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | | | | | | | - Julio O Giordano
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Randy D Shaver
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.
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5
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Bioavailability of rumen-protected methionine, lysine and histidine assessed by fecal amino acid excretion. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yao S, Wu H, Ma H, Fu Y, Wei W, Wang T, Guan S, Yang H, Li X, Guo J, Lu Y, Zhang L, He C, Chang Y, Liu G. Effects of rumen bypass melatonin feeding (RBMF) on milk quality and mastitis of Holstein cows. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9147. [PMID: 32461835 PMCID: PMC7231506 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cow mastitis is a major problem frequently encountered by dairy farmers and it is manifested by the high number of somatic cells and the low quality of the milk. The conventional treatment for mastitis is use of antibiotics. In the current study, a new approach is applied to target this disorder: rumen bypass melatonin feeding (RBMF). The RBMF significantly reduced milk somatic cell count and improved milk nutritional values with the elevated protein, fat and dry matter levels. This approach also suppresses the stress and proinflammatory responses of the cows indicated by the reduced serum cortisol, TNF-α and IL-6 and increased IL-10 levels. Importantly, the beneficial effects of RBMF have lasted for several days after termination of the treatment. The effects of melatonin on the mastitis are probably attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of melatonin. Considering the none or low toxicity of melatonin to organisms and the no invasive nature of this approach, we recommend that RBMF could be used in large scale in the dairy farming to target the cow mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyang Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Beijing Shounong Animal Husbandry Development Co. LTD, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Wei
- Beijing Shounong Animal Husbandry Development Co. LTD, Beijing, China
| | - Tiankun Wang
- Beijing Changping District Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyu Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiubo Li
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Feed Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yongqiang Lu
- Beijing Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changwang He
- Beijing Shounong Animal Husbandry Development Co. LTD, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chang
- Beijing Shounong Animal Husbandry Development Co. LTD, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Ayyat MS, Al-Sagheer A, Noreldin AE, Abd El-Hack ME, Khafaga AF, Abdel-Latif MA, Swelum AA, Arif M, Salem AZM. Beneficial effects of rumen-protected methionine on nitrogen-use efficiency, histological parameters, productivity and reproductive performance of ruminants. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 32:51-66. [PMID: 31443628 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1653314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Providing essential amounts of balanced nutrients is one of the most vital aspects of livestock production. Among nutrients, protein has an essential role in many physiological functions of animals. Amino acids in needs for both high and medium yielding ruminant animals are not fully covered by microbial degraded feed sources in the rumen of animals, and they must be met by protecting the proteins from being broken down in the rumen; hence, the dietary supplementation of rumen-protected proteins (RPP), including mainly rumen-protected methionine (RPM), became imperative. Many researchers are interested in studying the role of (RPM) in ruminant animals concerning its effect on milk yield, growth performance, digestibility, dry matter intake and nitrogen utilization efficiency. Unfortunately, results obtained from several investigations regarding RPM indicated great fluctuation between its useful and useless effects in ruminant nutrition particularly during early and late lactation period; therefore, this review article may be helpful for ruminant farm owners when they decide to supplement RPM in animal's diet. Conclusively, supplementation of RPM often has a balanced positive influence, without any reported negative impact on milk yield, growth performance and blood parameters especially in early lactating ruminant animals and when used with the low crude protein diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Ayyat
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Adham Al-Sagheer
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Mervat A Abdel-Latif
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Animal Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Abdelfattah Z M Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México
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Toledo MZ, Baez GM, Garcia-Guerra A, Lobos NE, Guenther JN, Trevisol E, Luchini D, Shaver RD, Wiltbank MC. Effect of feeding rumen-protected methionine on productive and reproductive performance of dairy cows. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189117. [PMID: 29261700 PMCID: PMC5738048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of daily top-dressing (individually feeding on the top of the total mixed ration) with rumen-protected methionine (RPM) from 30 ± 3 until 126 ± 3 Days in milk on productive and reproductive performance in lactating dairy cows. A total of 309 lactating dairy Holstein cows (138 primiparous and 171 multiparous) were randomly assigned to treatment diets containing either RPM (21.2 g of RPM + 38.8 g of dried distillers grain; 2.34% Methionine [Met] of metabolizable protein [MP]) or Control (CON; 60 g of dried distillers grain; 1.87% Met of MP). Plasma amino acids were evaluated at the time of artificial insemination (AI) and near pregnancy diagnosis. Milk production and milk composition were evaluated monthly. Pregnancy was diagnosed on Day 28 (by Pregnancy-specific protein B [PSPB]), 32, 47, and 61 (by ultrasound) and sizes of embryonic and amniotic vesicle were determined by ultrasound on Day 33 after AI. Feeding RPM increased plasma Met at 6, 9, 12, and 18 hours after top-dressing with a peak at 12 hours (52.4 vs 26.0 μM; P < 0.001) and returned to basal by 24 hours. Cows fed RPM had a small increase in milk protein percentage (3.08 vs 3.00%; P = 0.04) with no differences on milk yield and milk protein yield. Additionally, in multiparous cows, RPM feeding increased milk protein (3.03 vs 2.95%; P = 0.05) and fat (3.45 vs 3.14%; P = 0.01) percentages, although no effects were observed in primiparous cows. In multiparous cows fed RPM, pregnancy loss was lower between Days 28 to 61 (19.6 [10/51] vs. 6.1% [3/49]; P = 0.03) or between Days 32 to 61 (8.9 [4/45] vs. 0 [0/0] %; P = 0.03), although, there was no effect of treatment on pregnancy loss in primiparous cows. Consistent with data on pregnancy loss, RPM feeding increased embryonic abdominal diameter (P = 0.01) and volume (P = 0.009) and amniotic vesicle volume (P = 0.04) on Day 33 of pregnancy in multiparous cows but had no effect on embryonic size in primiparous cows. Thus, the increase in plasma Met concentrations after feeding RPM was sufficient to produce a small increase in milk protein percentage and to improve embryonic size and pregnancy maintenance in multiparous cows. Further studies are needed to confirm these responses and understand the biological mechanisms that underlie these responses as well as the timing and concentrations of circulating Met that are needed to produce this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Z. Toledo
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Giovanni M. Baez
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Alvaro Garcia-Guerra
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Nelson E. Lobos
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Jerry N. Guenther
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Eduardo Trevisol
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Daniel Luchini
- Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, Georgia, Unites States of America
| | - Randy D. Shaver
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Milo C. Wiltbank
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Ruminal disappearance, intestinal digestibility, and plasma tryptophan response of rumen-protected tryptophan in Cashmere goats. Small Rumin Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Waterman RC, Ujazdowski VL, Petersen MK. Effects of rumen-protected methionine on plasma amino acid concentrations during a period of weight loss for late gestating beef heifers. Amino Acids 2012; 43:2165-77. [PMID: 22555648 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study determined changes in plasma amino acid concentration in late-gestating (beginning 58 ± 1.02 days prior to calving), primiparous, winter-grazing range heifers receiving wheat middling-based supplement without (CON) or with rumen-protected methionine (MET) to provide 15 g DL-MET each day. Plasma was collected on days -2 and 0 (start of MET supplementation just prior to individually receiving supplement at 0700 hours). Plasma was sampled again on days 40, 42 and 44 prior to supplementation at 0700 and 1100 hours (4 h after receiving daily supplement). Data were analyzed with cow as the experimental unit. Continuous variables were analyzed by the main effects of treatment, date, or time and their interaction when appropriate. Comparable BW (P = 0.32) and BCS (P = 0.83) over the 44-day metabolism trial were found between both CON- and MET-fed heifers. MET-supplemented heifers had greater (P < 0.01) plasma concentrations of methionine indicating that the rumen-protection technology successfully delivered methionine to the small intestine. Supplementation with rumen-protected DL-MET caused a significant supplement × date interaction for glutamine (P = 0.03), glycine (P = 0.02), methionine (P < 0.01), and serine (P = 0.05). In addition, trends for supplement × date interactions were detected for leucine (P = 0.07), threonine (P = 0.09), valine (P = 0.08), total amino acids (TAA; P = 0.08), non essential amino acids (NEAA; P = 0.08), branched chain amino acids (BCAA; P = 0.08), and glucogenic amino acids (GLUCO; P = 0.08). These results suggest that the BCAA (leucine and valine) were utilized more efficiently with MET supplemented heifers compared to CON supplemented heifers. Plasma AA concentrations for glutamic acid (P < 0.01), histidine (P = 0.01), tyrosine (P < 0.01), and EAA (P < 0.01), all decreased throughout the study. These results further confirm methionine is a limiting amino acid in forage fed late-gestating heifers and further suggests the limitation when grazing dormant range forages as shown by improved utilization of other plasma amino acids when supplemental methionine was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Waterman
- Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 243 Fort Keogh Road, Miles City, MT 59301, USA.
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Patton R. Effect of rumen-protected methionine on feed intake, milk production, true milk protein concentration, and true milk protein yield, and the factors that influence these effects: A meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:2105-18. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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