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Leão GFM, Santos SK, Askel EJ, Michelotti TCA, Negro G, Lopes F, Luchini D, Cardoso FC, Almeida R. Feeding rumen-protected methionine during the peripartum period improved milk fat content and reduced the culling rate of Holstein cows in a commercial herd. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00772-0. [PMID: 38670336 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Researchers have reported the benefits of feeding rumen-protected methionine (RPM) during the peripartum on the health parameters of dairy cows. Rumen-protected methionine has reportedly improved milk yield, milk components and liver health, but the literature is scarce on its effects in commercial herds. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of feeding RPMet (Smartamine M®, Adisseo Inc., Antony, France) prepartum (8 g per cow per day) and postpartum (15 g per cow per day) on performance, metabolic profile, and culling rate of Holstein cows in a commercial herd. One-hundred and 66 (n = 166) Holstein cows, 58 nulliparous and 108 parous, were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments, consisting of TMR top-dressed with RPMet (2.35 and 2.24% Met of MP for close-up and fresh cows, respectively) or without (control, CON, (2.03 and 1.89% Met of MP for close-up and fresh cows, respectively), fed from 21 ± 6 d prepartum until 16 ± 5 d postpartum. From 17 d in milk (DIM) until dry-off, all cows received RPMet. Daily milk yield was recorded, and milk samples were collected in the first and second weeks after calving to determine their composition. Blood samples were collected before the morning feeding on -14, -7, +1, +7, and +14 d relative to calving. Mortality and morbidity were recorded during the first 60 DIM. Cows supplemented with RPMet had greater milk yield during the first 16 DIM (31.76 vs. 30.37 kg/d; SEM = 1.04, respectively), and had greater milk fat content (4.45 vs. 4.10%; SEM = 0.11, respectively), but not milk total protein (3.47 vs. 3.39%; SEM = 0.04, respectively) and casein contents (2.74 vs. 2.66%; SEM = 0.04, respectively) than CON cows. Cows in RPMet had increased plasma Met concentrations than cows in CON (24.9 vs. 21.0 µmol/L; SEM = 1.2, respectively). Although morbidity was similar between treatments, the culling rate from calving until 60 DIM was lower for RPMet cows than for CON cows (2.4 vs. 12.1%; SEM = 0.02). In conclusion, cows receiving RPMet have greater milk yield, improved milk fat content, and a lower culling rate at 60 DIM than CON cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F M Leão
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80035-050, Brazil
| | - S K Santos
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - E J Askel
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80035-050, Brazil
| | - T C A Michelotti
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80035-050, Brazil
| | - G Negro
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80035-050, Brazil
| | - F Lopes
- Adisseo, Alpharetta, GA, 30022, USA
| | | | - F C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - R Almeida
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80035-050, Brazil.
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Stella SL, Guadagnin AR, Velasco-Acosta DA, Ferreira CR, Rubessa M, Wheeler MB, Luchini D, Cardoso FC. Rumen-protected methionine supplementation alters lipid profile of preimplantation embryo and endometrial tissue of Holstein cows. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1301986. [PMID: 38298457 PMCID: PMC10827937 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1301986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Our objective is to evaluate the effects of feeding rumen-protected Met (RPM) throughout the transition period and early lactation on the lipid profile of the preimplantation embryos and the endometrial tissue of Holstein cows. Treatments consisted of feeding a total mixed ration with top-dressed RPM (Smartamine® M, Adisseo, Alpharetta, GA, United States; MET; n = 11; RPM at a rate of 0.08% of DM: Lys:Met = 2.8:1) or not (CON; n = 9, Lys:Met = 3.5:1). Endometrial biopsies were performed at 15, 30, and 73 days in milk (DIM). Prior to the endometrial biopsy at 73 DIM, preimplantation embryos were harvested via flushing. Endometrial lipid profiles were analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring-profiling and lipid profiles of embryos were acquired using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Relative intensities levels were used for principal component analysis. Embryos from cows in MET had greater concentration of polyunsaturated lipids than embryos from cows in CON. The endometrial tissue samples from cows in MET had lesser concentrations of unsaturated and monounsaturated lipids at 15 DIM, and greater concentration of saturated, unsaturated (specifically diacylglycerol), and monounsaturated (primarily ceramides) lipids at 30 DIM than the endometrial tissue samples from cows in CON. In conclusion, feeding RPM during the transition period and early lactation altered specific lipid classes and lipid unsaturation level of preimplantation embryos and endometrial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Stella
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Anne R. Guadagnin
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- Schothorst Feed Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Diego A. Velasco-Acosta
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- The Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research (CORPOICA), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Christina R. Ferreira
- Metabolite Profiling Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Marcello Rubessa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Matthew B. Wheeler
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | | | - Felipe C. Cardoso
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
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Toledo MZ, Stangaferro ML, Caputo Oliveira R, Monteiro PLJ, Gennari RS, Luchini D, Shaver RD, Giordano JO, Wiltbank MC. Effects of feeding rumen-protected methionine pre- and postpartum in multiparous Holstein cows: Health disorders and interactions with production and reproduction. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2137-2152. [PMID: 36710184 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Study objectives were to evaluate the effects of feeding rumen-protected Met (RPM) in pre- and postpartum total mixed rations (TMR) on health disorders and the interactions of health disorders with lactation and reproductive performance. Multiparous Holstein cows [470; 235 cows at University of Wisconsin (UW) and 235 cows at Cornell University (CU)] were enrolled at approximately 4 wk before parturition and housed in close-up dry cow (n = 6) and replicated lactation pens (n = 16). Pens were randomly assigned to treatment diets (pre- and postpartum, respectively): (1) control (CON): basal diet = 2.30% and 2.09% Met as % of metabolizable protein (MP) (UW) or 2.22% and 2.19% Met as % of MP (CU); (2) RPM: basal diet fed with RPM with 2.83% and 2.58% Met (Smartamine M, Adisseo Inc.; 12 g prepartum and 27 g postpartum), as % of MP (UW) or 2.85% and 2.65% Met (Smartamine M; 13 g prepartum and 28 g postpartum), as % of MP (CU). Total serum Ca was evaluated at the time of parturition and on d 3 ± 1 postpartum. Daily rumination was monitored from 7 d before parturition until 28 d postpartum. Health disorders were recorded during the experimental period until the time of first pregnancy diagnosis (32 d after timed artificial insemination; 112 ± 3 d in milk). Uterine health was evaluated on d 35 ± 3 postpartum. Time to pregnancy and herd exit were evaluated up to 350 d in milk. Treatment had no effect on the incidence of most health disorders and did not alter daily rumination. Cows fed RPM had reduced subclinical hypocalcemia (13.6 vs. 22%; UW only) on day of parturition relative to CON. Percentage of cows culled (13.1 vs. 19.3%) and hazard of herd exit due to culling [hazard ratio = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42-1.02] tended to be reduced for cows fed RPM compared with CON. Moreover, cows fed RPM had greater milk protein concentration and protein yield overall, although retrospective analysis indicated that RPM only significantly increased protein yield in the group of cows with one or more health disorders (1.47 vs. 1.40 kg/d), not in cows without health disorders (1.49 vs. 1.46 kg/d) compared with CON. Overall, treatment had no effect on pregnancy per timed artificial insemination; however, among cows with health disorders, those fed RPM had reduced time to pregnancy compared with CON (hazard ratio = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53-0.96). Thus, except for subclinical hypocalcemia on the day of parturition, feeding RPM in pre- and postpartum TMR did not reduce the incidence of health disorders, but our retrospective analysis indicated that it lessened the negative effects of health disorders on milk protein production and time to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Z Toledo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | | | | | - Pedro L J Monteiro
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - Rodrigo S Gennari
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | | | - Randy D Shaver
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - Julio O Giordano
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706.
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Higgs RJ, Chase LE, Schwab CG, Sloan B, Luchini D, LaPierre PA, Van Amburgh ME. Balancing dairy cattle diets for rumen nitrogen and methionine or all essential amino acids relative to metabolizable energy. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1826-1836. [PMID: 36710186 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Improving the ability of diet formulation models to more accurately predict AA supply while appropriately describing requirements for lactating dairy cattle provides an opportunity to improve animal productivity, reduce feed costs, and reduce N intake. The goal of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of a new version of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) to formulate diets for rumen N, Met, and all essential AA (EAA). Sixty-four high-producing dairy cattle were randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 following diets in a 14-wk longitudinal study: (1) limited metabolizable protein (MP), Met, and rumen N (Base), (2) adequate Met but limited MP and rumen N (Base + M), (3) adequate Met and rumen N, but limited MP (Base + MU), and (4) adequate MP, rumen N, and balanced for all EAA (Positive). All diets were balanced to exceed requirements for ME relative to maintenance and production, assuming a nonpregnant, 650-kg animal producing 40 kg of milk at 3.05% true protein and 4.0% fat. Dietary MP was 97.2, 97.5, 102.3, and 114.1 g/kg of dry matter intake for the Base, Base + M, Base + MU, and Positive diets, respectively. Differences were observed for dry matter intake and milk yield (24.1 to 24.7 and 39.4 to 41.1 kg/d, among treatments). Energy corrected milk, fat, and true protein yield were greater (2.9, 0.13, and 0.08 kg/d, respectively) in cows fed the Positive compared with the Base diet. Using the updated CNCPS, cattle fed the Base, Base + M, and Base + MU diets were predicted to have a negative MP balance (-231, -310, and -142 g/d, respectively), whereas cattle fed the Positive diet consumed 33 g of MP/d excess to ME supply. Bacterial growth was predicted to be depressed by 16 and 17% relative to adequate N supply for the Base and Base + M diets, respectively, which corresponded with the measured lower apparent total-tract NDF degradation. The study demonstrates that improvements in lactation performances can be achieved when rumen N and Met are properly supplied and further improved when EAA supply are balanced relative to requirements. Formulation using the revised CNCPS provided predictions for these diets, which were sensitive to changes in rumen N, Met, all EAA, and by extension MP supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Higgs
- Cashmere, Christchurch, New Zealand 8022
| | - L E Chase
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - C G Schwab
- Schwab Consulting LLC, 105 Doc Mac Drive, Boscobel, WI 53805; Department of Animal Science, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - B Sloan
- Adisseo North America, Alpharetta, GA 30022
| | - D Luchini
- Adisseo North America, Alpharetta, GA 30022
| | - P A LaPierre
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - M E Van Amburgh
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Coleman DN, Totakul P, Onjai-Uea N, Aboragah A, Jiang Q, Vailati-Riboni M, Pate RT, Luchini D, Paengkoum P, Wanapat M, Cardoso FC, Loor JJ. Rumen-protected methionine during heat stress alters mTOR, insulin signaling, and 1-carbon metabolism protein abundance in liver, and whole-blood transsulfuration pathway genes in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7787-7804. [PMID: 35879168 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) during a heat stress (HS) challenge on (1) hepatic abundance of mTOR, insulin, and antioxidant signaling proteins, (2) enzymes in 1-carbon metabolism, and (3) innate immunity. Holstein cows (n = 32; mean ± standard deviation, 184 ± 59 d in milk) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 environmental groups, and 1 of 2 diets [total mixed ration (TMR) with RPM (Smartamine M; 0.105% dry matter as top-dress) or TMR without (CON); n = 16/diet] in a split-plot crossover design. There were 2 periods with 2 phases. During phase 1 (9 d), all cows were in thermoneutral conditions (TN; temperature-humidity index = 60 ± 3) and fed ad libitum. During phase 2 (9 d), half the cows (n = 8/diet) were exposed to HS using electric heat blankets. The other half (n = 8/diet) remained in TN, but was pair-fed to HS counterparts. After a 14-d washout and 7-d adaptation period, the study was repeated (period 2) and environmental treatments were inverted relative to phase 2, but dietary treatments were the same. Blood was collected on d 6 of each phase 2 to measure immune function and isolate whole-blood RNA. Liver biopsies were performed at the end of each period for cystathione β-synthase (CBS) and methionine adenosyltransferase activity, glutathione concentration, and protein abundance. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. Abundance of CUL3, inhibitor of antioxidant responses, tended to be downregulated by HS suggesting increased oxidative stress. Heat-shock protein 70 abundance was upregulated by HS. Phosphorylated mTOR abundance was greater overall with RPM, suggesting an increase in pathway activity. An environment × diet (E × D) effect was observed for protein kinase B (AKT), whereas there was a tendency for an interaction for phosphorylated AKT. Abundance of AKT was upregulated in CON cows during HS versus TN, this was not observed in RPM cows. For phosphorylated AKT, tissue from HS cows fed CON had greater abundance compared with all other treatments. The same effect was observed for EIF2A (translation initiation) and SLC2A4 (insulin-induced glucose uptake). An E × D effect was observed for INSR due to upregulation in CON cows during HS versus TN cows fed CON or RPM. There was an E × D effect for CBS, with lower activity in RPM versus CON cows during HS. The CON cows tended to have greater CBS during HS versus TN. An E × D effect was observed for methionine adenosyltransferase, with lower activity in RPM versus CON during HS. Although activity increased in CON during HS versus TN, RPM cows tended to have greater activity during TN. Neutrophil and monocyte oxidative burst and monocyte phagocytosis decreased with HS. An (E × D) effect was observed for whole-blood mRNA abundance of CBS, SOD1 and CSAD; RPM led to upregulation during TN versus HS. Regardless of diet, CDO1, CTH, and SOD1 decreased with HS. Although HS increased hepatic HSP70 and seemed to alter antioxidant signaling, feeding RPM may help cows maintain homeostasis in mTOR, insulin signaling, and 1-carbon metabolism. Feeding RPM also may help maintain whole-blood antioxidant response during HS, which is an important aspect of innate immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Coleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - P Totakul
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - N Onjai-Uea
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 3000, Thailand
| | - A Aboragah
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Q Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - M Vailati-Riboni
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - R T Pate
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | | | - P Paengkoum
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 3000, Thailand
| | - M Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - F C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
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Coleman DN, Vailati-Riboni M, Pate RT, Aboragah A, Luchini D, Cardoso FC, Loor JJ. Increased Supply of Methionine During a Heat-Stress Challenge in Lactating Holstein Cows Alters Mammary Tissue mTOR Signaling and its Response to Lipopolysaccharide. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6585298. [PMID: 35553680 PMCID: PMC9387603 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The first objective was to investigate the effects of feeding rumen-protected methionine (RPM) during a heat stress (HS) challenge on abundance and phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-related signaling proteins in mammary gland. The second objective was to investigate how HS and RPM may modulate the response of mammary gland explants to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Thirty-two multiparous, lactating Holstein cows (184 ± 59 DIM) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 environmental treatment groups, and 1 of 2 dietary treatments [TMR with RPM (Smartamine M; Adisseo Inc.; 0.105% DM as top dress) or TMR without RPM (CON)] in a crossover design. There were 2 periods with 2 phases per period. In phase 1 (9 d), all cows were in thermoneutral conditions (TN) and fed ad libitum. During phase 2 (9 d), group 1 (n = 16) was exposed to HS using electric heat blankets while group 2 (n = 16) remained in TN but were pair-fed to HS counterparts to control for DMI decreases associated with HS. After a washout period (14 d), the study was repeated (period 2). Environmental treatments were inverted in period 2 (sequence), while dietary treatments remained the same. Mammary tissue was harvested via biopsy at the end of both periods. Tissue was used for protein abundance analysis and also for incubation with 0 or 3 μg/mL of LPS for 2 h and subsequently used for mRNA abundance. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. Analysis of protein abundance data included the effects of diet, environment and their interaction, and period and sequence to account for the crossover design. The explant data model also included the effect of LPS and its interaction with environment and diet. Abundance of phosphorylated mTOR and ratio of phosphorylated eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (p-EEF2) to total EEF2 in non-challenged tissue was greater with RPM supplementation (P = 0.04 for both) and in both cases tended to be greater with HS (P = 0.08 for both). Regardless of RPM supplementation, incubation with LPS upregulated mRNA abundance of IL8, IL6, IL1B, CXCL2, TNF, NFKB1 and TLR2 (P < 0.05). An environment × LPS interaction was observed for NFKB1 (P = 0.03); abundance was greater in LPS-treated explants from non-HS compared with HS cows. Abundance of CXCL2, NFKB1, NOS2, NOS1, and SOD2 was lower with HS (P < 0.05). While LPS did not alter abundance of mRNA associated with the antioxidant transcription factor NFE2L2 signaling (P = 0.59), explants from HS cows had lower abundance of NFE2L2 (P < 0.001) and CUL3 (P = 0.04). Overall, RPM supplementation may alter mTOR activation. Additionally, while HS reduced explant immune and antioxidant responses, RPM did not attenuate the inflammatory response induced by LPS in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Coleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801 USA
| | - M Vailati-Riboni
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801 USA
| | - R T Pate
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801 USA
| | - A Aboragah
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801 USA
| | | | - F C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801 USA
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801 USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801 USA
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Pate RT, Luchini D, Cant JP, Baumgard LH, Cardoso FC. Immune and metabolic effects of rumen-protected methionine during a heat stress challenge in lactating Holstein cows. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab323. [PMID: 34741611 PMCID: PMC8648293 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiparous, lactating Holstein cows (n = 32) were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments [TMR with rumen-protected Met (RPM) or TMR without RPM (CON)], and within each dietary treatment group cows were randomly assigned to one of two environmental treatment groups in a split-plot crossover design. In phase 1 (9 d), all cows were fed ad libitum and in thermoneutral conditions (TN). In phase 2 (9 d), group 1 (n = 16) was exposed to a heat stress (HS) challenge (HSC). Group 2 cows (n = 16) were pair-fed (PFTN) to HSC counterparts and remained in TN. After a 21-d washout period, the study was repeated (period 2) and the environmental treatments were inverted relative to treatments from phase 2 of period 1, while dietary treatments remained the same for each cow. During phase 1, cows in RPM had greater plasma Met concentration compared with cows in CON (59 and 30 µM, respectively; P < 0.001). Cows in PFTN had a greater decrease (P < 0.05) in plasma insulin than cows in HSC at 4 h (-2.7 µIU/mL vs. -0.7 µIU/mL) and 8 h (-7.7 µIU/mL vs. -0.4 µIU/mL) during phase 2. Compared with cows in PFTN, cows in HSC had an increase (P < 0.05) in plasma serum amyloid A (-59 µg/mL vs. +58 µg/mL), serum haptoglobin (-3 µg/mL vs. +33 µg/mL), plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (-0.27 and +0.11 µg/mL), and plasma interleukin-1β (-1.9 and +3.9 pg/mL) during phase 2. In conclusion, HSC elicited immunometabolic alterations; however, there were limited effects of RPM on cows in HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell T Pate
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - John P Cant
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lance H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Felipe C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Stangaferro ML, Toledo MZ, Gennari RS, Perez MM, Gamarra CA, Sitko EM, Monteiro PLJ, Masello M, Prata AB, Granados GE, Van Amburgh ME, Luchini D, Shaver RD, Wiltbank MC, Giordano JO. Effects of feeding rumen-protected methionine pre- and postpartum on reproductive outcomes of multiparous Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11210-11225. [PMID: 34304872 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our primary objective was to evaluate the effect of feeding rumen-protected Met (RPM) in the pre- and postpartum total mixed ration (TMR) on pregnancy per artificial insemination (AI) and pregnancy loss in multiparous Holstein cows. We also evaluated multiple secondary reproductive physiological outcomes before and after AI, including uterine health, ovarian cyclicity, response to synchronization of ovulation, and markers of embryo development and size. A total of 470 multiparous Holstein cows [235 at the University of Wisconsin (UW) and 235 at Cornell University (CU)] were used for this experiment. Experimental treatment diets were applied at the pen level (2 and 4 close-up pens at CU and UW, respectively, and 12 and 6 postfresh pens at CU and UW, respectively); thus, pen was the experimental unit, and cow was the observational unit. Cows were enrolled and randomly assigned to be fed the experimental treatment diets at approximately 4 wk before parturition until 67 d of gestation [147 d in milk (DIM)] after their first service. Close-up dry cow and replicated lactation pens were randomly assigned to treatment diets: RPM, prepartum = 2.83% (UW) and 2.85% (CU), postpartum = 2.58% (UW) and 2.65% (CU); and control (CON), prepartum = 2.30% (UW) and 2.22% (CU), postpartum = 2.09% (UW) and 2.19% (CU; Met as percentage of metabolizable protein). Vaginal discharge and uterine cytology (percentage of polymorphonuclear leucocytes) were evaluated at 35 ± 3 DIM. Cows received timed AI (TAI) at 80 ± 3 DIM after synchronization of ovulation with the Double-Ovsynch protocol. Ovarian cyclicity status, response to synchronization of ovulation, and luteal function were determined by measuring circulating concentrations of progesterone at 35 and 49 ± 3 DIM, 48 and 24 h before TAI, and 8, 18, 22, 25, and 29 d after TAI. Interferon-stimulated gene expression in white blood cells were compared on 18 d after TAI (CU only) and pregnancy-specific protein B concentrations at 22, 25, 29, 32, and 67 d after TAI. Pregnancy status was determined using pregnancy-specific protein B at 25 and 29 d after TAI, and by transrectal ultrasonography at 32, 39, and 67 d after TAI. Embryo and amniotic vesicle size were determined at 32 and 39 d after TAI. Pregnancy per AI (25 d: 64.7 vs. 64.0%, 32 d: 54.3 vs. 55.1% for CON and RPM, respectively) and pregnancy loss (25 to 67 d: 22.6 vs. 19.2% for CON and RPM, respectively) for synchronized cows did not differ. The proportion of cows with purulent vaginal discharge (CON = 7.7 vs. RPM = 4.6%) and cytological endometritis (CON = 20.8 vs. RPM = 23.6%) did not differ. Cyclicity status, ovarian responses to the synchronization protocol, and synchronization rate also did not differ. In addition, fold change for interferon-stimulated genes, concentrations of pregnancy-specific protein B, and embryo size were not affected by treatments. In conclusion, feeding RPM in the pre- and postpartum TMR at the amounts used in this experiment did not affect uterine health, cyclicity, embryo development, or reproductive efficiency in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mateus Z Toledo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - Rodrigo S Gennari
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - Martin M Perez
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Caio A Gamarra
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - Emily M Sitko
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Pedro L J Monteiro
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | | | - Alexandre B Prata
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | | | | | | | - Randy D Shaver
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - Julio O Giordano
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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9
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Guadagnin AR, Velasco-Acosta DA, Stella SL, Luchini D, Cardoso FC. Methionine supply during the peripartum period and early lactation alter immunometabolic gene expression in cytological smear and endometrial tissue of holstein cows. Theriogenology 2021; 173:102-111. [PMID: 34365138 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding rumen-protected methionine (RPM) during the peripartal period and early lactation on mRNA gene expression profiles of uterine cytological smear and endometrial samples of Holstein cows (n = 20). Treatments consisted of a supplementation with RPM [MET; n = 11; RPM at a rate of 0.08 % of DM: Lys:Met = 2.8:1, (Smartamine® M Adisseo, Alpharetta, GA, USA)] and no supplementation (CON; n = 9; Lys:Met = 3.5:1). Uterine cytology smears and endometrial samples were collected at 15, 30, and 73 days in milk (DIM) and analyzed for expression of genes related with metabolism, inflammation, and methionine metabolism. Regarding the cytological smear samples, RPM supplementation tended to increase mRNA expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 1 alpha (MAT1A) and increased the mRNA expression of fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7), with an effect of time for the latter. On the other hand, RPM decreased mRNA expression for glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), prostaglandin E synthase 3 (PTGES3), translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), mucin 1 (MUC1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD1) in cytological smear samples. There was an effect of time for all variables except MAT1A, with decreasing expression over time. There was a TRT × TIME interaction for GLUT4 mRNA expression, with higher GLUT4 mRNA expression for cows fed CON than for cows fed RPM at time 15 and a tendency to higher expression for cows fed CON on time 30 when compared with cows fed RPM. For uterine tissue samples, feeding RPM increased the mRNA expression of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase (SAAH), FGF7, GLUT4, and apolipoproteins 3 (APOL3), with an effect of time for APOL3 where its expression increased over time. There was a tendency for cows fed RPM to have decreased IL1β mRNA expression. In conclusion, feeding RPM during transition period and early lactation is beneficial for uterine immune response and metabolism in early lactation as indicated by the favorable expressions of genes affecting the uterine immunometabolism during such a challenging period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Guadagnin
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - D A Velasco-Acosta
- The Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research (AGROSAVIA), Mosquera, Colombia
| | - S L Stella
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - F C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Toledo MZ, Nienow C, Luchini D, Arriola Apelo SI, Wiltbank MC. Quantification of bovine plasma amino acids via liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry: Comparison of underivatized and precolumn derivatized methods. JDS Communications 2021; 2:227-232. [PMID: 36338448 PMCID: PMC9623648 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2020-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We validated and compared 2 methods for quantification of AA in bovine plasma. Our underivatized method may be a practical alternative for essential AA. The derivatized method has greater 12C area signal sensitivity, linearity, and accuracy.
The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate and compare underivatized (UND) and precolumn derivatized (DER) methods for quantification of bovine plasma AA by isotope dilution ratio via liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization (ESI)-single quadrupole mass spectrometry. Linearity of the mass-to-charge ratio signal and area signal sensitivity of 12C were evaluated for each AA with 5-point standard curves (range: 1.1–500 µM). Plasma from lactating dairy cows was isolated by centrifugation and deproteinized using 1 N perchloric acid with a final concentration of 0.5 N. Deproteinized plasma was filtered and injected into a 50 × 2-mm column (Imtakt) or extracted, derivatized, and injected into a 250 × 3-mm column (EZ:faast, Phenomenex) and analyzed via liquid chromatography-ESI-single quadrupole mass spectrometry. Coefficients of variation and recovery rates were evaluated using 4 replicates of pooled plasma samples spiked with each AA at concentrations of 10, 20, and 50 µM. In addition, a subset of 24 plasma samples was used to directly compare methods using linear regression, correlation coefficient (r), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), and Bland-Altman plot test. Both methods showed linearity within the dynamic range analyzed for all essential AA (coefficient of determination, R2 ≥ 0.995) and most other AA, although the UND samples had poor linearity (R2 ≤ 0.990) or peak resolution problems for Asp, Gly, Tyr, and Ser. Moreover, area signal sensitivity for 12C AA was greater for DER samples than for UND samples [range: 2.2× (Pro) to 309.5× (Ala)]. Both methods had recovery rates ranging from 85.7 to 119.8.0%, and none differed from 100% except Gln [20 µM (85.7%) and 50 µM (87.6%)] and Val [50 µM (119.8%)] using the UND method. The UND method had a coefficient of variation ranging from 0.9% (Val) to 7.8% (His), whereas for the DER method the range was 2.2% (Glu) to 8.8% (Asp). The highest correlation coefficient (>0.90) and CCC (>0.90) were observed for Arg, Ile, Leu, Met, Thr, Trp, Val, and Gln, with the Bland-Altman plot test showing minimal mean bias for these AA. Lowest values were observed for His (r = 0.46; CCC = 0.45), Lys (r = 0.76; CCC = 0.75), Ala (r = 0.83; CCC = 0.73), and Glu (r = 0.65; CCC = 0.42). The UND method showed linearity, precision, and accurate recovery rates for most AA, with most essential AA having comparable values between the 2 methods. However, the DER method had greater 12C AA area signal sensitivity, linearity, and recovery rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Z. Toledo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - Caleb Nienow
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments Inc., Columbia, MD 21046
| | | | | | - Milo C. Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
- Corresponding author
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11
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Toledo MZ, Stangaferro ML, Gennari RS, Barletta RV, Perez MM, Wijma R, Sitko EM, Granados G, Masello M, Van Amburgh ME, Luchini D, Giordano JO, Shaver RD, Wiltbank MC. Effects of feeding rumen-protected methionine pre- and postpartum in multiparous Holstein cows: Lactation performance and plasma amino acid concentrations. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7583-7603. [PMID: 33865588 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to evaluate the effect of feeding rumen-protected methionine (RPM) in pre- and postpartum total mix ration (TMR) on lactation performance and plasma AA concentrations in dairy cows. A total of 470 multiparous Holstein cows [235 cows at University of Wisconsin (UW) and 235 cows at Cornell University (CU)] were enrolled approximately 4 wk before parturition, housed in close-up dry cow and replicated lactation pens. Pens were randomly assigned to treatment diets (pre- and postpartum, respectively): UW control (CON) diet = 2.30 and 2.09% of Met as percentage of metabolizable protein (MP) and RPM diet = 2.83 and 2.58% of Met as MP; CU CON = 2.22 and 2.19% of Met as percentage of MP, and CU RPM = 2.85 and 2.65% of Met as percentage of MP. Treatments were evaluated until 112 ± 3 d in milk (DIM). Milk yield was recorded daily. Milk samples were collected at wk 1 and 2 of lactation, and then every other week, and analyzed for milk composition. For lactation pens, dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily. Body weight and body condition score were determined from 4 ± 3 DIM and parturition until 39 ± 3 and 49 DIM, respectively. Plasma AA concentrations were evaluated within 3 h after feeding during the periparturient period [d -7 (±4), 0, 7 (±1), 14 (±1), and 21 (±1); n = 225]. In addition, plasma AA concentrations were evaluated (every 3 h for 24 h) after feeding in cows at 76 ± 8 DIM (n = 16) and within 3 h after feeding in cows at 80 ± 3 DIM (n = 72). The RPM treatment had no effect on DMI (27.9 vs. 28.0 kg/d) or milk yield (48.7 vs. 49.2 kg/d) for RPM and CON, respectively. Cows fed the RPM treatment had increased milk protein concentration (3.07 vs. 2.95%) and yield (1.48 vs. 1.43 kg/d), and milk fat concentration (3.87 vs. 3.77%), although milk fat yield did not differ. Plasma Met concentrations tended to be greater for cows fed RPM at 7 d before parturition (25.9 vs. 22.9 µM), did not differ at parturition (22.0 vs. 20.4 µM), and were increased on d 7 (31.0 vs. 21.2 µM) and remained greater with consistent concentrations until d 21 postpartum (d 14: 30.5 vs. 19.0 µM; d 21: 31.0 vs. 17.8 µM). However, feeding RPM decreased Leu, Val, Asn, and Ser (d 7, 14, and 21) and Tyr (d 14). At a later stage in lactation, plasma Met was increased for RPM cows (34.4 vs. 16.7 µM) consistently throughout the day, with no changes in other AA. Substantial variation was detected for plasma Met concentration (range: RPM = 8.9-63.3 µM; CON = 7.8-28.8 µM) among cows [coefficient of variation (CV) > 28%] and within cow during the day (CV: 10.5-27.1%). In conclusion, feeding RPM increased plasma Met concentration and improved lactation performance via increased milk protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Z Toledo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
| | | | - Rodrigo S Gennari
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
| | - Rafael V Barletta
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
| | - Martin M Perez
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Robert Wijma
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Emily M Sitko
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - German Granados
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | | | | | | | - Julio O Giordano
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Randy D Shaver
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.
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12
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Lee C, Copelin JE, Park T, Mitchell KE, Firkins JL, Socha MT, Luchini D. Effects of diet fermentability and supplementation of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid and isoacids on milk fat depression: 2. Ruminal fermentation, fatty acid, and bacterial community structure. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1604-1619. [PMID: 33358812 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to understand ruminal effects of diet modification during moderate milk fat depression (MFD) and ruminal effects of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMTBa) and isoacids on alleviating MFD. Five ruminally cannulated cows were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design with the following 5 dietary treatments (dry matter basis): a high-forage and low-starch control diet with 1.5% safflower oil (HF-C); a low-forage and high-starch control diet with 1.5% safflower oil (LF-C); the LF-C diet supplemented with HMTBa (0.11%; 28 g/d; LF-HMTBa); the LF-C diet supplemented with isoacids [(IA) 0.24%; 60 g/d; LF-IA]; and the LF-C diet supplemented with HMTBa and IA (LF-COMB). The experiment consisted of 5 periods with 21 d per period (14-d diet adaptation and 7-d sampling). Ruminal samples were collected to determine fermentation characteristics (0, 1, 3, and 6 h after feeding), long-chain fatty acid (FA) profile (6 h after feeding), and bacterial community structure by analyzing 16S gene amplicon sequences (3 h after feeding). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) in a Latin square design. Preplanned comparisons between HF-C and LF-C were conducted, and the main effects of HMTBa and IA and their interaction within the LF diets were examined. The LF-C diet decreased ruminal pH and the ratio of acetate to propionate, with no major changes detected in ruminal FA profile compared with HF-C. The α-diversity for LF-C was lower compared with HF-C, and β-diversity also differed between LF-C and HF-C. The relative abundance of bacterial phyla and genera associated indirectly with fiber degradation was influenced by LF-C versus HF-C. As the main effect of HMTBa within the LF diets, HMTBa increased the ratio of acetate to propionate and butyrate molar proportion. Ruminal saturated FA were increased and unsaturated FA concentration were decreased by HMTBa, with minimal changes detected in ruminal bacterial diversity and community. As the main effect of IA, IA supplementation increased ruminal concentration of all branched-chain volatile FA and valerate and increased the percentage of trans-10 C18 isomers in total FA. In addition, α-diversity and the number of functional features were increased for IA. Changes in the abundances of bacterial phyla and genera were minimal for IA. Interactions between HMTBa and IA were observed for ruminal variables and some bacterial taxa abundances. In conclusion, increasing diet fermentability (LF-C vs. HF-C) influenced rumen fermentation and bacterial community structure without major changes in FA profile. Supplementation of HMTBa increased biohydrogenation capacity, and supplemental IA increased bacterial diversity, possibly alleviating MFD. The combination of HMTBa and IA had no associative effects in the rumen and need further studies to understand the interactive mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691.
| | - J E Copelin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691
| | - T Park
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - K E Mitchell
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - J L Firkins
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - M T Socha
- Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN 55344
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Pate RT, Luchini D, Murphy MR, Cardoso FC. Effects of rumen-protected methionine on lactation performance and physiological variables during a heat stress challenge in lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2800-2813. [PMID: 31954567 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Milk yield, content, and composition are altered by heat stress. Thirty-two multiparous, lactating Holstein cows [balanced by days in milk (mean ± standard deviation; 184 ± 59); body surface area (5.84 ± 0.34 m2)] were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments [total mixed ration with rumen-protected Met (RPM; Smartamine M; Adisseo Inc., Antony, France; 1.05 g of RPM/kg of dry matter intake) or total mixed ration without RPM (CON)], and within each dietary treatment group cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 environmental treatment groups in a split-plot crossover design. The study was divided into 2 periods with 2 phases per period. In phase 1 (9 d), all cows were in thermoneutral conditions and fed ad libitum. In phase 2 (9 d), group 1 (n = 16) was exposed to a heat stress challenge (HSC) using electric heat blankets. Group 2 (n = 16) remained in thermoneutral conditions but was pair-fed (PFTN) to HSC counterparts. After a 21-d washout period, the study was repeated (period 2) and the environmental treatments were inverted relative to treatments from phase 2 of period 1, whereas dietary treatments (RPM or CON) remained the same for each cow. Cows were milked 3× per day and samples were taken on d 1, 5, and 9 of each phase. Vaginal temperature was measured every 10 min, rectal temperature and skin temperature were measured 3× per day, and respiration rate and heart rate were recorded once per day. Cow activity was measured using an accelerometer. Paired difference values were calculated for each cow for each period based on the difference between phase 1 baseline means and phase 2 values for each variable. Cows in HSC had a greater increase in vaginal temperature and respiration rate (+0.2°C and +13.7 breaths/min, respectively) compared with cows in PFTN (0.0°C and -1.6 breaths/min, respectively). Cows in PFTN had a greater decrease in dry matter intake and milk yield (-3.9 and -2.6 kg/d, respectively) compared with cows in HSC (-3.2 and -0.9 kg/d, respectively). Cows in CON had a greater decrease in milk protein concentration for PFTN (-0.10 percentage units) and HSC (-0.06 percentage units) compared with cows in RPM for PFTN (0.00 percentage units) and HSC (-0.02 percentage units). Cows in CON for HSC had greater decrease in milk fat concentration compared with cows in RPM for HSC (-0.10 and +0.12 percentage units, respectively). In conclusion, HSC altered physiological and production parameters of cows. Additionally, RPM helped maintain milk protein and fat concentration during HSC, whereas dry matter intake, milk yield, and feed efficiencies were not affected by RPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Pate
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | | | - M R Murphy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - F C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
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Jacometo C, Alharthi A, Zhou Z, Luchini D, Loor J. Maternal supply of methionine during late pregnancy is associated with changes in immune function and abundance of microRNA and mRNA in Holstein calf polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:8146-8158. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Toledo MZ, Baez GM, Garcia-Guerra A, Lobos NE, Guenther JN, Trevisol E, Luchini D, Shaver RD, Wiltbank MC. Effect of feeding rumen-protected methionine on productive and reproductive performance of dairy cows. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189117. [PMID: 29261700 PMCID: PMC5738048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of daily top-dressing (individually feeding on the top of the total mixed ration) with rumen-protected methionine (RPM) from 30 ± 3 until 126 ± 3 Days in milk on productive and reproductive performance in lactating dairy cows. A total of 309 lactating dairy Holstein cows (138 primiparous and 171 multiparous) were randomly assigned to treatment diets containing either RPM (21.2 g of RPM + 38.8 g of dried distillers grain; 2.34% Methionine [Met] of metabolizable protein [MP]) or Control (CON; 60 g of dried distillers grain; 1.87% Met of MP). Plasma amino acids were evaluated at the time of artificial insemination (AI) and near pregnancy diagnosis. Milk production and milk composition were evaluated monthly. Pregnancy was diagnosed on Day 28 (by Pregnancy-specific protein B [PSPB]), 32, 47, and 61 (by ultrasound) and sizes of embryonic and amniotic vesicle were determined by ultrasound on Day 33 after AI. Feeding RPM increased plasma Met at 6, 9, 12, and 18 hours after top-dressing with a peak at 12 hours (52.4 vs 26.0 μM; P < 0.001) and returned to basal by 24 hours. Cows fed RPM had a small increase in milk protein percentage (3.08 vs 3.00%; P = 0.04) with no differences on milk yield and milk protein yield. Additionally, in multiparous cows, RPM feeding increased milk protein (3.03 vs 2.95%; P = 0.05) and fat (3.45 vs 3.14%; P = 0.01) percentages, although no effects were observed in primiparous cows. In multiparous cows fed RPM, pregnancy loss was lower between Days 28 to 61 (19.6 [10/51] vs. 6.1% [3/49]; P = 0.03) or between Days 32 to 61 (8.9 [4/45] vs. 0 [0/0] %; P = 0.03), although, there was no effect of treatment on pregnancy loss in primiparous cows. Consistent with data on pregnancy loss, RPM feeding increased embryonic abdominal diameter (P = 0.01) and volume (P = 0.009) and amniotic vesicle volume (P = 0.04) on Day 33 of pregnancy in multiparous cows but had no effect on embryonic size in primiparous cows. Thus, the increase in plasma Met concentrations after feeding RPM was sufficient to produce a small increase in milk protein percentage and to improve embryonic size and pregnancy maintenance in multiparous cows. Further studies are needed to confirm these responses and understand the biological mechanisms that underlie these responses as well as the timing and concentrations of circulating Met that are needed to produce this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Z. Toledo
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Giovanni M. Baez
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Alvaro Garcia-Guerra
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Nelson E. Lobos
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Jerry N. Guenther
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Eduardo Trevisol
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Daniel Luchini
- Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, Georgia, Unites States of America
| | - Randy D. Shaver
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Milo C. Wiltbank
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jacometo C, Zhou Z, Luchini D, Corrêa M, Loor J. Maternal supplementation with rumen-protected methionine increases prepartal plasma methionine concentration and alters hepatic mRNA abundance of 1-carbon, methionine, and transsulfuration pathways in neonatal Holstein calves. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3209-3219. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Vailati-Riboni M, Osorio JS, Trevisi E, Luchini D, Loor JJ. Supplemental Smartamine M in higher-energy diets during the prepartal period improves hepatic biomarkers of health and oxidative status in Holstein cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:17. [PMID: 28191311 PMCID: PMC5295218 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Feeding higher-energy prepartum is a common practice in the dairy industry. However, recent data underscore how it could reduce performance, deepen negative energy balance, and augment inflammation and oxidative stress in fresh cows. We tested the effectiveness of rumen-protected methionine in preventing the negative effect of feeding a higher-energy prepartum. Multiparous Holstein cows were fed a control lower-energy diet (CON, 1.24 Mcal/kg DM; high-straw) during the whole dry period (~50 d), or were switched to a higher-energy (OVE, 1.54 Mcal/kg DM), or OVE plus Smartamine M (OVE + SM; Adisseo NA) during the last 21 d before calving. Afterwards cows received the same lactation diet (1.75 Mcal/kg DM). Smartamine M was top-dressed on the OVE diet (0.07% of DM) from -21 through 30 d in milk (DIM). Liver samples were obtained via percutaneous biopsy at -10, 7 and 21 DIM. Expression of genes associated with energy and lipid metabolism, hepatokines, methionine cycle, antioxidant capacity and inflammation was measured. Results Postpartal dry matter intake, milk yield, and energy-corrected milk were higher in CON and OVE + SM compared with OVE. Furthermore, milk protein and fat percentages were greater in OVE + SM compared with CON and OVE. Expression of the gluconeogenic gene PCK1 and the lipid-metabolism transcription regulator PPARA was again greater with CON and OVE + SM compared with OVE. Expression of the lipoprotein synthesis enzyme MTTP was lower in OVE + SM than CON or OVE. Similarly, the hepatokine FGF21, which correlates with severity of negative energy balance, was increased postpartum only in OVE compared to the other two groups. These results indicate greater liver metabolism and functions to support a greater production in OVE + SM. At 7 DIM, the enzyme GSR involved in the synthesis of glutathione tended to be upregulated in OVE than CON-fed cows, suggesting a greater antioxidant demand in overfed cows. Feeding OVE + SM resulted in lower similar expression of GSR compared with CON. Expression of the methionine cycle enzymes SAHH and MTR, both of which help synthesize methionine endogenously, was greater prepartum in OVE + SM compared with both CON and OVE, and at 7 DIM for CON and OVE + SM compared with OVE, suggesting greater Met availability. It is noteworthy that DNMT3A, which utilizes S-adenosylmethionine generated in the methionine cycle, was greater in OVE and OVE + SM indicating higher-energy diets might enhance DNA methylation, thus, Met utilization. Conclusions Data indicate that supplemental Smartamine M was able to compensate for the negative effect of prepartal energy-overfeeding by alleviating the demand for intracellular antioxidants, thus, contributing to the increase in production. Moreover Smartamine M improved hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism, leading to greater liver function and better overall health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40104-017-0147-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vailati-Riboni
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Johan S Osorio
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.,Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, 1111 College Ave, 113H Alfred DairyScience Hall, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Istituto di Zootecnica Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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Jacometo C, Zhou Z, Luchini D, Trevisi E, Corrêa M, Loor J. Maternal rumen-protected methionine supplementation and its effect on blood and liver biomarkers of energy metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress in neonatal Holstein calves. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:6753-6763. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Acosta D, Denicol A, Tribulo P, Rivelli M, Skenandore C, Zhou Z, Luchini D, Corrêa M, Hansen P, Cardoso F. Effects of rumen-protected methionine and choline supplementation on the preimplantation embryo in Holstein cows. Theriogenology 2016; 85:1669-1679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Li C, Batistel F, Osorio JS, Drackley JK, Luchini D, Loor JJ. Peripartal rumen-protected methionine supplementation to higher energy diets elicits positive effects on blood neutrophil gene networks, performance and liver lipid content in dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:18. [PMID: 26962451 PMCID: PMC4784469 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Main objectives were to determine to what extent Smartamine M (SM) supplementation to a prepartal higher-energy diet could alter neutrophil (PMN) and liver tissue immunometabolic biomarkers, and whether those responses were comparable to those in cows fed a prepartal lower-energy diet (CON). RESULTS Twenty-eight multiparous Holstein cows were fed CON (NEL = 1.24 Mcal/kg DM) during d -50 to d -22 relative to calving. From d -21 to calving, cows were randomly assigned to a higher-energy diet (OVE, n = 9; NEL = 1.54 Mcal/kg DM), OVE plus SM (OVE + SM, n = 10; SM = 0.07 % of DM) or remained on CON (n = 9). All cows received the same basal lactation diet (NEL = 1.75 Mcal/kg DM). Supplementation of SM (OVE + SM) continued until 30 d postpartum. Liver biopsies were harvested at d -10, 7, and 21 relative to parturition. Blood PMN isolated at -10, 3, and 21 d relative to calving was used to evaluate gene expression. As expected, OVE increased liver lipid content postpartum; however, cows fed OVE + SM or CON had lower concentrations than OVE. Compared with OVE, cows in CON and OVE + SM had greater DMI postpartum and milk production. Furthermore, cows fed OVE + SM had the greatest milk protein and fat percentage and lowest milk SCC despite having intermediate PMN phagocytic capacity. Adaptations in PMN gene expression in OVE + SM cows associated with the lower SCC were gradual increases from -10 to 21 d in genes that facilitate migration into inflammatory sites (SELL, ITGAM), enzymes essential for reducing reactive oxygen metabolites (SOD1, SOD2), and a transcription factor(s) required for controlling PMN development (RXRA). The greater expression of TLR4 on d 3, key for activation of innate immunity due to inflammation, in OVE compared with CON cows suggests a more pronounced inflammatory state. Feeding OVE + SM dampened the upregulation of TLR4, despite the fact that these cows had similar expression of the pro-inflammatory genes NFKB1 and TNF as OVE. Cows in CON had lower overall expression of these inflammation-related genes and GSR, which generates reduced glutathione, an important cellular antioxidant. CONCLUSIONS Although CON cows appeared to have a less stressful transition into lactation, SM supplementation was effective in alleviating negative effects of energy-overfeeding. As such, SM was beneficial in terms of production and appeared to boost the response of PMN in a way that improved overall cow health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- />Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Fernanda Batistel
- />Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Johan Samir Osorio
- />Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331 OR USA
| | - James K. Drackley
- />Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Daniel Luchini
- />Ruminant Technical Services, ADISSEO NA, Alpharetta, 30022 GA USA
| | - Juan J. Loor
- />Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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Osorio J, Jacometo C, Zhou Z, Luchini D, Cardoso F, Loor J. Hepatic global DNA and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha promoter methylation are altered in peripartal dairy cows fed rumen-protected methionine. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:234-44. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Osorio J, Ji P, Drackley J, Luchini D, Loor J. Smartamine M and MetaSmart supplementation during the peripartal period alter hepatic expression of gene networks in 1-carbon metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and the growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor 1 axis pathways. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:7451-64. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Osorio J, Trevisi E, Ji P, Drackley J, Luchini D, Bertoni G, Loor J. Biomarkers of inflammation, metabolism, and oxidative stress in blood, liver, and milk reveal a better immunometabolic status in peripartal cows supplemented with Smartamine M or MetaSmart. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:7437-50. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Osorio J, Ji P, Drackley J, Luchini D, Loor J. Erratum to “Supplemental Smartamine M or MetaSmart during the transition period benefits postpartal cow performance and blood neutrophil function” (J. Dairy Sci. 96:6248–6263). J Dairy Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-96-12-8093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Osorio JS, Ji P, Drackley JK, Luchini D, Loor JJ. Supplemental Smartamine M or MetaSmart during the transition period benefits postpartal cow performance and blood neutrophil function. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:6248-63. [PMID: 23910549 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The onset of lactation in dairy cows is characterized by severe negative energy and protein balance. Methionine availability during this time for milk production, hepatic lipid metabolism, and immune function may be limiting. Supplementing Met to peripartal diets with adequate Lys in metabolizable protein (MP) to fine-tune the Lys:Met ratio may be beneficial. Fifty-six multiparous Holstein cows were fed the same basal diet from 50 d before expected calving to 30 d in milk. From -50 to -21 d before expected calving, all cows received the same diet [1.24 Mcal/kg of dry matter (DM), 10.3% rumen-degradable protein, and 4% rumen-undegradable protein] with no Met supplementation. From -21 d to expected calving, the cows received diets (1.54 Mcal/kg of DM, 10% rumen-degradable protein, and 5.1% rumen-undegradable protein) with no added Met (control, CON; n=14), CON plus MetaSmart (MS; Adisseo Inc., Antony, France; n=12), or CON plus Smartamine M (SM; Adisseo Inc.; n=12). From calving through 30 d in milk, the cows received the same postpartum diet (1.75 Mcal/kg of DM and 17.5% CP; CON), or the CON plus MS or CON plus SM. The Met supplements were adjusted daily and top-dressed over the total mixed ration at a rate of 0.19 or 0.07% (DM) of feed for MS or SM. Liver tissue was collected on -10, 7, and 21 d, and blood samples more frequently, from -21 through 21 d. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with the preplanned contrasts CON versus SM + MS and SM versus MS. No differences in prepartal DM intake (DMI) or body condition score were observed. After calving, body condition score was lower (2.6 vs. 2.8), whereas DMI was greater (15.4 vs. 13.3 kg/d) for Met-supplemented cows. Postpartal diet × time interactions were observed for milk fat percentage, milk fat yield, energy-corrected milk:DMI ratio, and energy balance. These were mainly due to changes among time points across all treatments. Cows supplemented with either Met source increased milk yield, milk protein percentage, energy-corrected milk, and milk fat yield by 3.4 kg/d, 0.18% units, 3.9 kg/d, and 0.18 kg/d, respectively. Those responses were associated with greater postpartum concentration of growth hormone but not insulin-like growth factor 1. There was a diet × time effect for nonesterified fatty acid concentration due to greater values on d 7 for MS; however, liver concentration of triacylglycerol was not affected by diet or diet × time but increased postpartum. Blood neutrophil phagocytosis at 21 d was greater with Met supplementation, suggesting better immune function. Supplemental MS or SM resulted in a tendency for lower incidence of ketosis postpartum. Although supplemental MS or SM did not decrease liver triacylglycerol, it improved milk production-related traits by enhancing voluntary DMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Osorio
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, and University of Illinois, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana 61801; Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana 61801
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Piccinato C, Sartori R, Sangsritavong S, Souza A, Grummer R, Luchini D, Wiltbank M. In vitro and in vivo analysis of fatty acid effects on metabolism of 17β-estradiol and progesterone in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:1934-43. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Juchem S, Santos J, Cerri R, Chebel R, Galvão K, Bruno R, DePeters E, Scott T, Thatcher W, Luchini D. Effect of calcium salts of fish and palm oils on lactational performance of Holstein cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Piperova L, Moallem U, Teter B, Sampugna J, Yurawecz M, Morehouse K, Luchini D, Erdman R. Erratum. J Dairy Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Piperova LS, Moallem U, Teter BB, Sampugna J, Yurawecz MP, Morehouse KM, Luchini D, Erdman RA. Changes in Milk Fat in Response to Dietary Supplementation with Calcium Salts of Trans-18:1 or Conjugated Linoleic Fatty Acids in Lactating Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87:3836-44. [PMID: 15483168 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat was investigated in lactating dairy cows fed diets supplemented with Ca salts of trans fatty acids (Ca-tFA) or Ca salts of conjugated linoleic acids (Ca-CLA). Forty-five Holstein cows (115 days in milk) were fed a control diet (51% forage; dry matter basis) supplemented with 400 g of EnerG II (Ca salts of palm oil fatty acids) for 2 wk; subsequently, 5 groups of 9 cows each were assigned for 4 wk to the control diet or diets containing 100 g of Ca-CLA or 100, 200, or 400 g of Ca-tFA in a randomized block design. Treatments had no effect on dry matter intake, milk production, protein, lactose, or somatic cell count. Milk fat percentage was reduced from 3.39% in controls to 3.30, 3.04, and 2.98%, respectively, by the Ca-tFA diets and to 2.54% by the Ca-CLA diet. Milk fat yield (1.24 kg/d in controls) was decreased by 60, 130, and 190 g/d with increasing dose of Ca-tFA and by 290 g/d with the Ca-CLA supplement. Consistent with increased endogenous synthesis of cis-9-containing CLA from precursors provided by the Ca-tFA diets, total CLA were similar in milk of cows fed Ca-CLA or Ca-tFA. Compared with controls, the Ca-CLA diet increased trans-10, cis-12-18:2 yield in milk, without altering levels of trans-18:1 isomers. In contrast, yields of most trans-18:1 isomers were elevated in milk of cows fed Ca-tFA diets, whereas yields of trans-10, cis-12-18:2 remained similar to control values. We conclude that milk fat depression can occur without an increase in trans-10, cis-12-18:2 in milk and that other components, perhaps the trans-10-18:1 isomer, may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Piperova
- Animal and Avian Sciences Department, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA
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Malandrini A, Luchini D, Gambelli S, Gaudiano C, Berti G, Salvadori C, Serni G, Valassina M, Federico A, Di Paolo M. A syndrome of bilateral hemorrhage of the thalamus and myocarditis with fatal course. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 11:208-10. [PMID: 15363755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcfm.2004.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 41-year-old patient with bilateral hemorrhage of the thalamus, leading to death. Post-mortem examination showed acute myocarditis. Neuropathological study showed perivascular infiltrates in affected thalamic regions. Laboratory investigation failed to find any causal agent. We hypothesize an infective agent, affecting the heart and thalamus, as the cause of this syndrome. Diaschisis due to the strategic anatomical position of the thalamus may have been responsible for coma state and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Malandrini
- Department of Neurological and Behavioural Sciences, Neuroscience Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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