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Ata M, Obeidat BS. The impact of lamb diets containing either barley or corn on growth performance and carcass quality. Vet World 2021; 14:1487-1491. [PMID: 34316196 PMCID: PMC8304426 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1487-1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Grains, such as barley (BAR) and corn (CORN), are major energy sources for small ruminants. This study aimed to assess the impact of feeding either BAR or CORN-based diets on growth performance and carcass characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Awassi male lambs, average body weight of 20.4±0.49 kg, were chosen randomly. Lambs were acclimated for 10 days and assigned to one of two diets (1) BAR and (2) CORN. Feeding continued for 70 days with 60 days of data collection. Daily intake was recorded. Measurements of body weight were taken starting from day 1 then once per week throughout the study period. On day 40, six lambs were randomly chosen from each group and placed in metabolism cages to assess digestibility and N balance. Lambs were slaughtered on the last day of the study to evaluate carcass characteristics and meat quality. RESULTS Neutral and acid detergent fiber and ether extract intake were greater (p≤0.05) for lambs fed the BAR diets. Nitrogen loss in feces tended to be greater (p=0.09) for the CORN diet. Eye muscle depth (mm) tended to be greater (p=0.07) for the BAR diet. Nutrient digestibility, daily weight gain, carcass characteristics, and meat quality were not different (p≥0.1) between diets. CONCLUSION The results herein demonstrate that feeding BAR grain improved nutrient intake efficiency and consistency and did not affect weight gain and carcass traits. BAR-based diets might be a useful alternative to CORN for feeding growing lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ata
- Department of Animal Production and Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, Jerash 26150, Jordan
| | - Belal S. Obeidat
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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2
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Yoo D, Hamid MMA, Kim H, Moon J, Song J, Lee S, Seo J. Substitution effects of rice for corn grain in total mixed ration on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial community in vitro. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:638-647. [PMID: 33089229 PMCID: PMC7553840 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.5.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the substitution effects of rice for corn as the main grain
source in a total mixed ration (TMR). In vitro rumen
fermentation characteristics and microbes were assessed using two experimental
diets. Diets included 33% dry matter (DM) of either corn (Corn TMR) or rice
grains (Rice TMR). In a 48-h in vitro incubation, DM
digestibility (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber degradability (IVNDFD), crude
protein digestibility (IVCPD), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), pH and ammonia
nitrogen (NH3-N) were estimated. Gas production has been calculated
at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Our results indicate that the gas production, VFAs,
IVDMD, and IVNDFD of Rice TMR were higher than those of Corn TMR
(p < 0.05). Ruminal pH and total fungi were
significantly higher in Corn TMR (p < 0.05) than in Rice
TMR; however, NH3-N and IVCPD were not affected by treatment type. In
conclusion, substituting rice for corn at 33% DM in TMR appears to have no
negative effects on in vitro rumen fermentation
characteristics. Therefore, rice grains are an appropriate alternative energy
source in early fattening stage diets of beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daekyum Yoo
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Muhammad Mahboob Ali Hamid
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Hanbeen Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Joonbeom Moon
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jaeyong Song
- Institute of Livestock, Nonghyup Co. Ltd., Ansung 17558, Korea
| | - Seyoung Lee
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Yonam College, Cheonan 31005, Korea
| | - Jakyeom Seo
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
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3
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Ziani K, Khaled MB. Partial substitution of barley for corn: effect on "Hamra" lamb growth performance, carcass and meat characteristics. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 48:517-24. [PMID: 26714986 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two kinds of given diets on growth, on some carcass characteristics and on the major meat nutrients of local Algerian sheep breed. The investigated sheep breed called "Hamra" is one of the most famous breeds in Algeria. Among one 106 animals, 40 lambs were selected according to their age, similar livestock characteristics and body weight. The samples were divided into two equal groups: control and experimental lambs according to their live weight; 24.63 ± 0.47 and 24.35 ± 0.64 kg, respectively. Both groups were fed with two varieties of concentrate diets: corn diet based for the first group of control lambs (n = 20) and corn substituted by barley (Variety Saïda 183) for the second experimental group lambs (n = 20). Both diets were supplemented with 200 g straw of barley/animal/ration. The chemical analysis of diets showed an elevated crude fibre content in the commercial concentrate. However, the experimental concentrate contained higher amounts of calcium. After 59 days of fattening, no significant difference was found among the two studied groups on the growth performance (p > 0.05), showing the same final body weight. In contrast, a significant difference was found (p ≤ 0.001) in relation to the cost of the given diet. This could affect the price of the produced meat. At 37.85 ± 0.78 kg live weight, 10 lambs fed with experimental concentrate were slaughtered. The dressing percentage was 46.65 %, with 2.49 % of carcass shrink. Furthermore, an interesting percentage of total muscle was obtained (63.73 %) with a good carcass conformation scoring 9.56. Compared to other breed sheep, Hamra carcass could be considered as the most valuable one economically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaddour Ziani
- Laboratory of Biotoxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi-bel-Abbes, Algeria. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Dr.Taher Moulay University, Saida, Algeria.
| | - Méghit Boumédiène Khaled
- Laboratory of Biotoxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi-bel-Abbes, Algeria
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4
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Gimeno A, Alami AA, Toral P, Frutos P, Abecia L, Fondevila M, Castrillo C. Effect of grinding or pelleting high grain maize- or barley-based concentrates on rumen environment and microbiota of beef cattle. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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5
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Huuskonen A, Huhtanen P, Joki-Tokola E. Evaluation of protein supplementation for growing cattle fed grass silage-based diets: a meta-analysis. Animal 2014; 8:1653-62. [PMID: 24917148 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114001517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this meta-analysis was to develop empirical equations predicting growth responses of growing cattle to protein intake. Overall, the data set comprised 199 diets in 80 studies. The diets were mainly based on grass silage or grass silage partly or completely replaced by whole-crop silages or straw. The concentrate feeds consisted of cereal grains, fibrous by-products and protein supplements. The analyses were conducted both comprehensively for all studies and also separately for studies in which soybean meal (SBM; n=71 diets/28 studies), fish meal (FM; 27/12) and rapeseed meal (RSM; 74/35) were used as a protein supplement. Increasing dietary CP concentration increased (P<0.01) BW gain (BWG), but the responses were quantitatively small (1.4 g per 1 g/kg dry matter (DM) increase in dietary CP concentration). The BWG responses were not different for bulls v. steers and heifers (1.4 v. 1.3 g per 1 g/kg DM increase in dietary CP concentration) and for dairy v. beef breeds (1.2 v. 1.7 g per 1 g/kg, respectively). The effect of increased CP concentration declined (P<0.01) with increasing mean BW of the animals and with improved BWG of the control animals (the lowest CP diet in each study). The BWG responses to protein supplementation were not related to the CP concentration in the control diet. The BWG responses increased (P<0.05) with increased ammonia N concentration in silage N and declined marginally (P>0.10) with increasing proportion of concentrate in the diet. All protein supplements had a significant effect on BWG, but the effects were greater for RSM (P<0.01) and FM (P<0.05) than for SBM. Increasing dietary CP concentration improved (P<0.01) feed efficiency when expressed as BWG/kg DM intake, but decreased markedly when expressed as BWG/kg CP intake. Assuming CP concentration of 170 g/kg BW marginal efficiency of the utilisation of incremental CP intake was only 0.05. Increasing dietary CP concentration had no effects on carcass weight, dressing proportion or conformation score, but it increased (P<0.01) fat score. Owing to limited production responses, higher prices of protein supplements compared with cereal grains and possible increases the N and P emissions, there is generally no benefit from using protein supplementation for growing cattle fed grass silage-based diets, provided that the supply of rumen-degradable protein is not limiting digestion in the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Huuskonen
- 1MTT Agrifood Research Finland,Animal Production Research,Tutkimusasemantie 15,FI-92400 Ruukki,Finland
| | - P Huhtanen
- 2Department of Agriculture for Northern Sweden,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,S-90183 Umeå,Sweden
| | - E Joki-Tokola
- 1MTT Agrifood Research Finland,Animal Production Research,Tutkimusasemantie 15,FI-92400 Ruukki,Finland
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6
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Kingston-Smith AH, Davies TE, Rees Stevens P, Mur LAJ. Comparative metabolite fingerprinting of the rumen system during colonisation of three forage grass (Lolium perenne L.) varieties. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82801. [PMID: 24312434 PMCID: PMC3842282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rumen microbiota enable ruminants to degrade complex ligno-cellulosic compounds to produce high quality protein for human consumption. However, enteric fermentation by domestic ruminants generates negative by-products: greenhouse gases (methane) and environmental nitrogen pollution. The current lack of cultured isolates representative of the totality of rumen microbial species creates an information gap about the in vivo function of the rumen microbiota and limits our ability to apply predictive biology for improvement of feed for ruminants. In this work we took a whole ecosystem approach to understanding how the metabolism of the microbial population responds to introduction of its substrate. Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy-based metabolite fingerprinting was used to discriminate differences in the plant-microbial interactome of the rumen when using three forage grass varieties (Lolium perenne L. cv AberDart, AberMagic and Premium) as substrates for microbial colonisation and fermentation. Specific examination of spectral regions associated with fatty acids, amides, sugars and alkanes indicated that although the three forages were apparently similar by traditional nutritional analysis, patterns of metabolite flux within the plant-microbial interactome were distinct and plant genotype dependent. Thus, the utilisation pattern of forage nutrients by the rumen microbiota can be influenced by subtleties determined by forage genotypes. These data suggest that our interactomic approach represents an important means to improve forages and ultimately the livestock environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison H. Kingston-Smith
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Teri E. Davies
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Rees Stevens
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Luis A. J. Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
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7
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Castrillo C, Mota M, Van Laar H, Martín-Tereso J, Gimeno A, Fondevila M, Guada J. Effect of compound feed pelleting and die diameter on rumen fermentation in beef cattle fed high concentrate diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Belanche A, Abecia L, Holtrop G, Guada JA, Castrillo C, de la Fuente G, Balcells J. Study of the effect of presence or absence of protozoa on rumen fermentation and microbial protein contribution to the chyme1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:4163-74. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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9
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Paengkoum P, Paengkoum S. Effects of supplementing rice straw with Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) and Madras thorn (Pithecellobium dulce) foliages on digestibility, microbial N supply and nitrogen balance of growing goats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2010; 94:e59-65. [PMID: 20487095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2009.00978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A total of 12 crossbred (Boer × Anglo-Nubian) goats were chosen from a commercial farm on the basis of similar body weight (25.0 ± 3.1 kg). The goats were housed in individual pens and allowed 3 weeks to adapt to experimental conditions. The goats were randomly allocated to three treatments in a 3 × 3 Latin square experiment (replicated four times). Within each period, each goat was given rice straw as roughage plus the respective treatment diet. The diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic containing cassava pulp, molasses, urea and commercial mineral and vitamin mix. The experimental treatments were (i) soybean meal (SBM), (ii) partial substitution of SBM with Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) foliage and (iii) partial substitution of SBM with Madras thorn (Pithecellobium dulce) foliage. Nutrient intakes, ruminal characteristics (pH, ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids), nitrogen balances, plasma urea nitrogen and microbial N supply were not significantly different among treatments. The results of this study indicate that protein foliages from locally grown shrubs and trees can substitute imported feedstuff concentrates (e.g. SBM) as protein supplement for goat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Paengkoum
- School of Animal Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.
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10
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Owens D, McGee M, Boland T, O'Kiely P. Rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and nutrient flow to the omasum in cattle offered corn silage, grass silage, or whole-crop wheat1. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:658-68. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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11
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Belanche A, Erroa IR, Balcells J, Calleja L. Use of quantitative real-time PCR to assess the in vitro survival of specific DNA gene sequences of rumen microbes under simulated abomasal conditions. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2009; 94:204-11. [PMID: 19207678 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of specific DNA sequences (DS) as a microbial marker in post-rumen digesta requires their persistence and integrity throughout gastric digestion. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the survival of microbial DS during gastric digestion and the factors involved. Gastric pH had a highly significant effect on the integrity of DS. pH 4.2 allows for a significant growth of microbes in the medium, but at pH 1.2, almost all of the DS were hydrolysed. In the presence of carboxymethylcellulose, the effect of pH was reduced, pepsin activity was inhibited and gene survival increased considerably. In the simulated abomasal conditions (pH = 2.3, 2 g/l of carboxymethylcellulose, and 40-min retention time), almost all of the bacterial genes and around 78% of the protozoa gene sequences retained their molecular integrity throughout gastric digestion, although factors such as acidity and viscera retention time might compromise the utilisation of DS as a microbial marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Belanche
- Dep. Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Zaragoza, Spain
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12
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Haddad S, Nasr R. Partial replacement of barley grain for corn grain: Associative effects on lambs’ growth performance. Small Rumin Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Solanas E, Castrillo C, Calsamiglia S. Effect of extruding the cereal and/or the legume protein supplement of a compound feed on in vitro ruminal nutrient digestion and nitrogen metabolism. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2007; 91:269-77. [PMID: 17516951 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of extruding the cereal and/or the protein supplement of a compound feed for intensively reared calves on ruminal N metabolism using an in vitro culture system. A conventional compound feed was produced without extruding [treatment non-extruded (NE)], with the cereal blend extruded (CE), with the protein blend extruded (PE) and with both cereal and protein blends extruded (CPE). Four experimental diets, consisted of 0.90 of each experimental compound feed and 0.10 barley straw were assessed using dual-flow continuous-culture fermenters. (15)N infusion as ammonia sulphate was used to label the microbial population. Average NH(3) concentration in fermenter effluents ranged from 270 mg/l with diet NE to 69 mg/l for diet CPE (p < 0.05) and volatile fatty acid concentrations ranged from 161 mm in diet PE to 130 mm in diet CPE (p < 0.05). Diets PE and CPE showed a lower true organic matter degradability (49.5% and 48.2%) than NE and CE (52.8% and 52.2%). Non-ammonia nitrogen flow in effluents was highest on diet CPE, intermediate on diets CE and PE and lowest on diet NE (p < 0.01), reflecting the differences in dietary N flow and dietary protein degradability (71.2%, 63.7%, 61.2% and 50.0%, respectively, for NE, CE, PE, CPE; p < 0.001). In contrast, microbial protein synthesis efficiency was lower for treatments including the cereal blend extruded, although the resulted differences were only significant (p < 0.001) for CPE diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Solanas
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
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14
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Foley AE, Hristov AN, Melgar A, Ropp JK, Etter RP, Zaman S, Hunt CW, Huber K, Price WJ. Effect of Barley and Its Amylopectin Content on Ruminal Fermentation and Nitrogen Utilization in Lactating Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89:4321-35. [PMID: 17033020 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of type of grain (corn vs. barley) and amylopectin content of barley grain (normal vs. waxy) on ruminal fermentation, digestibility, and utilization of ruminal ammonia nitrogen for milk protein synthesis was studied in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design trial with 6 lactating dairy cows. The experimental treatments were (proportion of dietary dry matter): CORN, 40% corn grain, NBAR, 30% normal Baronesse barley:10% corn grain, and WBAR, 30% high-amylopectin (waxy) Baronesse barley:10% corn grain. All grains were steam-rolled and fed as part of a total mixed ration. The NBAR and WBAR diets resulted in increased ruminal ammonia concentrations compared with CORN (8.2, 7.4, and 5.6 mM, respectively), but other ruminal fermentation parameters were not affected. Ruminal digestibility of dietary nutrients and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen were also not affected by diet. Corn grain had greater in situ effective ruminal dry matter degradability (62.8%) than the barley grains (58.2 and 50.7%, respectively), and degradability of the normal barley starch was greater than that of the waxy barley (69.3 and 58.9%, respectively). A greater percentage of relative starch crystallinity was observed for the waxy compared with the normal barley grain. Total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were decreased by WBAR compared with CORN and NBAR. Total tract starch digestibility was greater and milk urea nitrogen content was lower for CORN compared with the 2 barley diets. In this study, the extent of processing of the grain component of the diet was most likely the factor that determined the diet responses. Minimal processing of barley grain (processing indexes of 79.2 to 87.9%) reduced its total tract digestibility of starch compared with steam-rolled corn (processing index of 58.8%). As a result of the increased ammonia concentration and reduced degradability of barley dry matter in the rumen, the utilization of ruminal ammonia nitrogen for microbial protein synthesis was decreased with the barley diets compared with the corn-based diet. In this study, waxy Baronesse barley was less degradable in the rumen and the total digestive tract than its normal counterpart. The most likely reasons for these effects were the differences in starch characteristics and chemical composition, and perhaps the different response to processing between the 2 barleys.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Foley
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844, USA
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15
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Solanas E, Castrillo C, Serrano X, Janacua H, Fondevila M, Guada J. Effect of concentrate extrusion and castration on diet digestion and performance of intensively reared male calves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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González-Ronquillo M, Balcells J, Belenguer A, Castrillo C, Mota M. A comparison of purine derivatives excretion with conventional methods as indices of microbial yield in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87:2211-21. [PMID: 15328235 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)70041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Three multiparous, ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein-Friesian milking cows (558 +/- 14 kg BW) with a mean milk yield of 19.9 +/- 1.4 kg/d in their 4th mo of lactation were fed a mixed diet of forage and concentrate at 100, 85, and 75% of ad libitum intake in a 3 x 3 Latin square design. Duodenal digesta flow was estimated using the dual-phase technique in which Cr-EDTA and Yb-acetate were used as liquid and solid markers, respectively. Microbial N (MN) was estimated using the duodenal flow of purine bases (PB); bacterial isolates from the rumen liquid and solid phases were used as references. Additionally, duodenal flow of PB and MN were estimated indirectly using the excretion of purine derivatives (PD) in urine and milk. Duodenal flow of PB and derived MN tended to decrease with feed restriction (from 258 to 154 mmol/d and 123.5 to 74.4 g/d, respectively). Estimates of PB and MN based on urinary PD showed the same trend, and decreases in PB (from 314 to 266 mmol/d, using LAB) were statistically significant. Using LAB, efficiencies of microbial protein synthesis in the ad libitum treatment were 12.9 and 17.0 g of MN/g of organic matter apparently digested in the rumen when estimated using duodenal PB and urinary excretion of PD, respectively. Urinary excretion of PD closely reflected changes in duodenal flow of PB as a result of feed restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M González-Ronquillo
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 50000 Toluca, Mexico
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17
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Effect of Yucca schidigera-based surfactant on ammonia utilization in vitro, and in situ degradability of corn grain. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Effects of urea, isolated soybean protein and blood meal on growing steers fed a corn-based diet. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(02)00182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Hristov AN, Ropp JK, Hunt CW. Effect of barley and its amylopectin content on ruminal fermentation and bacterial utilization of ammonia-N in vitro. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(02)00076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Martı́n-Orúe S, Balcells J, Guada J, Fondevila M. Microbial nitrogen production in growing heifers: direct measurement of duodenal flow of purine bases versus urinary excretion of purine derivatives as estimation procedures. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(00)00221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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