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Fehlberg LK, Lattimer JM, Drouillard JS, Douthit TL. Effect of Cobalt Chloride on Fermentation of Alfalfa and Smooth Bromegrass Hays by Horse Cecal Microorganisms. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 77:75-79. [PMID: 31133321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Effects of Co on fiber digestibility in horses are largely unknown. Our objective was to evaluate effects of Co chloride on in vitro gas production, VFA production, and dry matter (DM) disappearance (IVDMD) using cecal fluid from 4 cannulated Quarter Horses. Five grams DM of alfalfa or smooth bromegrass hay were provided as substrate with Co added at 0.0, 0.5, 5.0, 25.0, or 50.0 mg/kg substrate DM. Ten milliliters cecal fluid and 140 mL McDougall's buffer were incubated in duplicate, and pH, VFA concentrations, and IVDMD were measured after 48 hours. Gas production, used as an indicator of fermentative activity, was recorded every 15 minutes. Terminal pH was not affected by Co or forage type (P > .19). There was greater IVDMD in cultures containing alfalfa (29.2%) compared with smooth bromegrass hay (19.4%; P < .01). There was a forage × Co interaction (P < .05) in which gas production was greater in cultures containing alfalfa, and 5 mg Co/kg substrate DM led to greater gas production than 50 mg Co/kg substrate DM in cultures containing brome (P < .05). Gas production was affected by forage, Co, and time (P < .01). Production of individual and total VFA, as well as acetate:propionate (A:P) ratio were increased in cultures containing alfalfa (P < .05); however, there were no effects of Co on VFA concentrations (P > .05). While gas production was influenced by Co in cultures containing brome, no effects of Co were observed for pH, VFA, or IVDMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Fehlberg
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - James M Lattimer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - James S Drouillard
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Teresa L Douthit
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.
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Kljak K, Pino F, Harvatine KJ, Heinrichs AJ. Analysis of selected rumen microbial populations in dairy heifers limit fed diets varying in trace mineral form and starch content. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
There have been extensive studies in sheep and cattle considering cobalt (Co) supplementation and its effects on vitamin B12 concentrations in the body. However, there are limited studies on goats. The aim of this study was to compare two different sources of Co (sulfate v. glucoheptonate) at two different concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg dry matter) in goat kid nutrition, and to evaluate the effects of these supplements on performance, serum vitamin B12, blood biochemistry and rumen volatile fatty acids. For this purpose, 30 weaned male goat kids were randomly allotted to five treatments. Serum vitamin B12 increased during the trial in the Co-supplemented groups. Co supplementation increased serum glucose concentrations. On day 35, Co-supplemented groups had greater glucose concentrations compared with control. Propionic+iso-butyric acid concentrations increased only in the 0.5 mg Co glucoheptonate treatment (P<0.05). Our results suggest that, despite the two sources of Co proving mostly similar, the main advantage of Co glucoheptonate compared with Co sulfate was in the ruminal synthesis of vitamin B12. However, although providing Co at National Research Council recommendation levels maintained vitamin B12 above or at normal concentrations, Co supplementation of the Co sufficient basal diet increased vitamin B12 and glucose concentrations.
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Bishehsari S, Tabatabaei MM, Aliarabi H, Alipour D, Zamani P, Ahmadi A. Effect of dietary cobalt supplementation on plasma and rumen metabolites in Mehraban lambs. Small Rumin Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kišidayová S, Houserová P, Váradyová Z, Mihaliková K, Pristaš P, Javorský P. Bacterial–protozoal interactions in a microbial community of rumen ciliateEntodinium caudatumculture under mercury stress. Can J Microbiol 2010; 56:202-8. [DOI: 10.1139/w09-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the role of rumen ciliates, using Entodinium caudatum as a model organism, in the detoxification of soluble mercury(II) in vitro under conditions with enhanced or reduced diversity of a co-culture bacterial population as well as the effects of long-term mercury(II) stress on in vitro fermentation parameters and major mercury detoxification products. The E. caudatum growth depended on the capability of the co-culture bacterial population to develop resistance to mercury(II) chloride and on culture conditions. The production of fermentation gas was reduced (P < 0.01) in contrast to methane production. Proportions of volatile fatty acids were affected; however, the total concentration of volatile fatty acids was not influenced. No organic mercury species were detected after long-term application (>1 month) of mercury(II) chloride. The major mercury species was inorganic mercury(II) with substantial accumulation in the bacterial fraction (70%) and less in black sediment (21%) and ciliate fraction (9%) at the 25 µmol/L mercury(II) dose. The data indicate that free-living bacteria protect the ciliate cells by transforming mercury(II) into its insoluble forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kišidayová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, Košice 04001, Slovak Republic
- Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-61300, Czech Republic
| | - P. Houserová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, Košice 04001, Slovak Republic
- Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-61300, Czech Republic
| | - Z. Váradyová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, Košice 04001, Slovak Republic
- Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-61300, Czech Republic
| | - K. Mihaliková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, Košice 04001, Slovak Republic
- Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-61300, Czech Republic
| | - P. Pristaš
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, Košice 04001, Slovak Republic
- Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-61300, Czech Republic
| | - P. Javorský
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, Košice 04001, Slovak Republic
- Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-61300, Czech Republic
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Comparison of nisin and monensin effects on ciliate and selected bacterial populations in artificial rumen. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2010; 54:527-32. [PMID: 20140721 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-009-0076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of daily supplementation of nisin (2 mg/L), monensin (5.88 mg/L) and nisin and monensin (2 + 5.88 mg/L) on ovine ruminal ciliates and bacteria was investigated using the artificial rumen RUSITEC. Major groups in RUSITEC were Entodinium spp. and Dasytricha ruminantium. The supplementation of nisin significantly increased the population of both major ciliate groups. The supplementation of monensin significantly decreased the population of both groups. The combined effect of nisin and monensin was similar to the effect of monensin. Monensin had strong antiprotozoic effects in contrast to the stimulatory effects of nisin. D. ruminantium followed by Entodinium spp. appeared more resistant to tested compounds than other rumen ciliates. Tested additives did not significantly influence the presence and growth of amylolytic streptococci and enterococci but nisin showed a tendency to decreasing the concentration of Escherichia coli and lactobacilli.
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Tolerance of a ruminant ciliate Entodinium caudatum against mercury, copper and chromium. Biologia (Bratisl) 2009. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-009-0189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Stemme K, Lebzien P, Flachowsky G, Scholz H. The influence of an increased cobalt supply on ruminal parameters and microbial vitamin B12synthesis in the rumen of dairy cows. Arch Anim Nutr 2008; 62:207-18. [DOI: 10.1080/17450390802027460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Influence of dietary cobalt on performance, nutrient digestibility and plasma metabolites in lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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