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Daroodi Z, Taheri P. The genus Acrophialophora: History, phylogeny, morphology, beneficial effects and pathogenicity. Fungal Genet Biol 2024; 171:103875. [PMID: 38367800 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The genus Acrophialophora is a thermotolerant fungus, which is widely distributed in temperate and tropical zones. This fungus is classified in Ascomycota and belongs to the Chaetomiaceae family and the genera of Parathielavia, Pseudothielavia and Hyalosphaerella are closely related to Acrophialophora. For this genus have been reported 28 species so far, which two species of Acrophialophora jodhpurensis and Acrophialophora teleoafricana produce only sexual phase and other species produce asexual form. Therefore, producing both sexual and asexual forms were not reported by any species. Many applications were reported by some species in agriculture, pharmacy and industry. Production of enzymes, antimicrobial metabolites and plant growth-promoting factors were reported by some species. The species of A. nainiana is used in the industries of textile, fruit juice, pulp and paper due to extracellular enzyme production. Also, other species produce extracellular enzymes that can be used in various industries. The species Acrophialophora are used in the composting industry due to the production of various enzymes and to be thermotolerant. In addition, some species were isolated from hostile environmental conditions. Therefore has been suggested that it can be used for mycoremediation. Also, antimicrobial metabolites of Acrophialophora have been reported to be effective against human and plant pathogens. In contrast to the beneficial effects described, the Acrophialophora pathogenicity has been rarely reported. Two species A. fusispora and A. levis are opportunistic fungi and have been reported as pathogens in humans, animals and plants. Currently, the development and applications of Acrophialophora species have increased more than past. To our knowledge, there is no report with comprehensive information on the species of Acrophialophora, which include their disadvantage and beneficial effects, particularly in agriculture. Therefore, it seems necessary to pay more in-depth attention to the application of this genus as a beneficial fungus in agriculture, pharmaceutical and industry. This review is focused on the history, phylogeny, morphology, valuable roles of Acrophialophora and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoha Daroodi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parissa Taheri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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Sarma RK, Gohain A, Ahmed TH, Yadav A, Saikia R. An environment-benign approach of bamboo pulp bleaching using extracellular xylanase of strain Bacillus stratosphericus EB-11 isolated from elephant dung. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:135-149. [PMID: 36048323 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-01003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of microbial enzymes is highly encouraged in paper and pulp industries to reduce the excessive use of hazardous chemicals. During the study, xylanase of Bacillus stratosphericus EB-11 was characterized for pulp bleaching applications. The extracellular xylanase was produced under submerged fermentation using bamboo waste as a natural carbon source. There was fast cell division and enzyme production under optimized fermentation conditions in the bioreactor. The highest activity was 91,200U after 30 h of growth with Km and Vmax of 3.52 mg/mL and 391.5 μmol/min per mg respectively. The purified enzyme with molecular mass ~ 60 kDa had conferred positive activity on native PAGE. The strong inhibition by ethylenediaminetetraacetate and SDS showed the metallo-xylanase nature of the purified enzyme. The bacterial xylanase reduces the use of hydrogen peroxide by 0.4%. Similarly, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand were reduced by 42.6 and 35.2%. The xylanase-hydrogen peroxide combined treatment and conventional chlorine dioxide-alkaline (CDE1D1D2) bleaching showed almost similar improvement in physicochemical properties of bamboo pulp. Xylanase-peroxide bleaching reduces the lignin content to 4.95% from 13.32% unbleached pulp. This content after CDE1D1D2 treatment was 4.21%. The kappa number decreased from 15.2 to 9.46 with increasing the burst factor (15.51), crystallinity index (60.25%), viscosity (20.1 cp), and brightness (65.4%). The overall finding will encourage the development of new cleaner methods of bleaching in the paper and pulp industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anwesha Gohain
- Department of Botany, Arunachal University of Studies, PIN-792013, Namsai, India
| | - Tobiul Hussain Ahmed
- Chemical Engineering Group, Engineering Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India
| | - Archana Yadav
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India
| | - Ratul Saikia
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India
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Agrawal S, Nandeibam J, Sarangthem I. Ultrastructural changes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) induced by metabolites of thermophilous fungi Acrophialophora levis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258607. [PMID: 34648570 PMCID: PMC8516270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) remains one of the major concerns of healthcare associated and community-onset infections worldwide. The number of cases of treatment failure for infections associated with resistant bacteria is on the rise, due to the decreasing efficacy of current antibiotics. Notably, Acrophialophora levis, a thermophilous fungus species, showed antibacterial activity, namely against S. aureus and clinical MRSA strains. The ethyl acetate extract of culture filtrate was found to display significant activity against S. aureus and MRSA with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 μg/mL and 4 μg/mL, respectively. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrated drastic changes in the cellular architecture of metabolite treated cells of S. aureus and an MRSA clinical isolate. Cell wall disruption, membrane lysis and probable leakage of cytoplasmic are hallmarks of the antibacterial effect of fungal metabolites against MRSA. The ethyl acetate extract also showed strong antioxidant activity using two different complementary free radicals scavenging methods, DPPH and ABTS with efficiency of 55% and 47% at 1 mg/mL, respectively. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was found to be 50 mg/GAE and 20 mg/CAE, respectively. More than ten metabolites from different classes were identified: phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, sesquiterpenes, tannins, lignans and flavonoids. In conclusion, the significant antibacterial activity renders this fungal strain as a bioresource for natural compounds an interesting alternative against resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivankar Agrawal
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Delhi, India
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, A National Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, Manipur, India
- * E-mail: (SA); (IS)
| | - Jusna Nandeibam
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, A National Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Indira Sarangthem
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, A National Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, Manipur, India
- * E-mail: (SA); (IS)
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Paecilomyces variotii xylanase production, purification and characterization with antioxidant xylo-oligosaccharides production. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16468. [PMID: 34389757 PMCID: PMC8363652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paecilomyces variotii xylanase was, produced in stirred tank bioreactor with yield of 760 U/mL and purified using 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation and ultra-filtration causing 3.29-fold purification with 34.47% activity recovery. The enzyme purity was analyzed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) confirming its monomeric nature as single band at 32 KDa. Zymography showed xylan hydrolysis activity at the same band. The purified enzyme had optimum activity at 60 °C and pH 5.0. The pH stability range was 5-9 and the temperature stability was up 70 °C. Fe2+and Fe3+ exhibited inhibition of xylanase enzyme while Cu2+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ stimulated its activity. Mercaptoethanol stimulated its activity; however, Na2-EDTA and SDS inhibited its activity. The purified xylanase could hydrolyze beechwood xylan but not carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), avicel or soluble starch. Paecilomyces variotii xylanase Km and Vmax for beechwood were determined to be 3.33 mg/mL and 5555 U/mg, respectively. The produced xylanase enzyme applied on beech xylan resulted in different types of XOS. The antioxidant activity of xylo-oligosaccharides increased from 15.22 to 70.57% when the extract concentration was increased from 0.1 to 1.5 mg/mL. The enzyme characteristics and kinetic parameters indicated its high efficiency in the hydrolysis of xylan and its potential effectiveness in lignocellulosic hydrolysis and other industrial application. It also suggests the potential of xylanase enzyme for production of XOS from biomass which are useful in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Fungal community assembly in drought-stressed sorghum shows stochasticity, selection, and universal ecological dynamics. Nat Commun 2020; 11:34. [PMID: 31911594 PMCID: PMC6946711 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13913-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Community assembly of crop-associated fungi is thought to be strongly influenced by deterministic selection exerted by the plant host, rather than stochastic processes. Here we use a simple, sorghum system with abundant sampling to show that stochastic forces (drift or stochastic dispersal) act on fungal community assembly in leaves and roots early in host development and when sorghum is drought stressed, conditions when mycobiomes are small. Unexpectedly, we find no signal for stochasticity when drought stress is relieved, likely due to renewed selection by the host. In our experimental system, the host compartment exerts the strongest effects on mycobiome assembly, followed by the timing of plant development and lastly by plant genotype. Using a dissimilarity-overlap approach, we find a universality in the forces of community assembly of the mycobiomes of the different sorghum compartments and in functional guilds of fungi. Fungal community assembly on crop plants is thought to be driven by deterministic selection exerted by the host. Here Gao et al. use a sorghum system to show that stochastic forces act on fungal community assembly in leaves and roots early in host development and when sorghum is drought stressed.
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Ullah SF, Souza AA, Hamann PRV, Ticona ARP, Oliveira GM, Barbosa JARG, Freitas SM, Noronha EF. Structural and functional characterisation of xylanase purified from Penicillium chrysogenum produced in response to raw agricultural waste. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 127:385-395. [PMID: 30654038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Commercial interest in plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDE) is motivated by their potential for energy or bioproduct generation that reduced dependency on non-renewable (fossil-derived) feedstock. Therefore, underlying work analysed the Penicillium chrysogenum isolate for PCWDE production by employing different biomass as a carbon source. Among the produced enzymes, three xylanase isoforms were observed in the culture filtrate containing sugarcane bagasse. Xylanase (PcX1) presenting 35 kDa molecular mass was purified by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. Unfolding was probed and analysed using fluorescence, circular dichroism and enzyme assay methods. Secondary structure contents were estimated by circular dichroism 45% α-helix and 10% β-sheet, consistent with the 3D structure predicted by homology. PcX1 optimally active at pH 5.0 and 30 °C, presenting t1/2 19 h at 30 °C and 6 h at 40 °C. Thermodynamic parameters/melting temperature 51.4 °C confirmed the PcX1 stability at pH 5.0. PcX1 have a higher affinity for oat spelt xylan, KM 1.2 mg·mL-1, in comparison to birchwood xylan KM 29.86 mg·mL-1, activity was inhibited by Cu+2 and activated by Zn+2. PcX1 exhibited significant tolerance for vanillin, trans-ferulic acid, ρ-coumaric acid, syringaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, activity slightly inhibited (17%) by gallic and tannic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Fida Ullah
- Laboratory de Enzymology, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Amanda Araújo Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ricardo V Hamann
- Laboratory de Enzymology, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Alonso Roberto P Ticona
- Laboratory de Enzymology, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Gideane M Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Sonia M Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Eliane Ferreira Noronha
- Laboratory de Enzymology, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
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Gautam A, Kumar A, Bharti AK, Dutt D. Rice straw fermentation by Schizophyllum commune ARC-11 to produce high level of xylanase for its application in pre-bleaching. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:693-701. [PMID: 30733790 PMCID: PMC6353721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rice straw is valuable resource that has been used as substrate for cost effective production of xylanase under solid-state fermentation by a newly isolated white rot fungi, S. commune ARC-11. Out of eleven carbon sources tested, rice straw was found most effective for the induction of xylanase that produced 4288.3 IU/gds of xylanase by S. commune ARC-11. Maximum xylanase production (6721.9 IU/gds) was observed on 8th day of incubation at temperature (30 °C), initial pH (7.0) and initial moisture content (70.0%). The supplementation of ammonium sulphate (0.08% N, as available nitrogen) enhanced the xylanase production up to 8591.4 IU/gds. The xylanase production by S. commune ARC-11 was further improved by the addition of 0.10%, (w/v) of Tween-20 as surfactant. The maximum xylanase activities were found at pH 5.0 and temperature 55 °C with a longer stability (180 min) at temperature 45, 50 and 55 °C. This xylanase preparation was also evaluated for the pre-bleaching of ethanol-soda pulp from Eulaliopsis binata. An enzyme dosage of 10 IU/g of xylanase resulted maximum decrease in kappa number (14.51%) with a maximum improvement 2.9% in ISO brightness compared to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Gautam
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247 001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia
| | - Amit Kumar Bharti
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247 001, India
| | - Dharm Dutt
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247 001, India
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Irfan M, Guler HI, Belduz AO, Shah AA, Canakci S. Cloning, purification and characterization of a cellulase-free xylanase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans AK53. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683816030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang Y, Liu F, Wu W, Cai L. A phylogenetic assessment and taxonomic revision of the thermotolerant hyphomycete genera Acrophialophora and Taifanglania. Mycologia 2015; 107:768-79. [PMID: 25911695 DOI: 10.3852/14-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the phylogenetic relationships of 19 isolates belonging to Acrophialophora and Taifanglania based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear 18S subunit (nuc 18S) rDNA and β-tubulin sequences. Phylogenetic data showed that Acrophialophora and Taifanglania comprise a monophyletic clade, but did not support the distinction of two genera. Being the older and more frequently used name, Acrophialophora is adopted as the generic name and Taifanglania is treated as a synonym. The generic concept of Acrophialophora is emended to include the morphological characters formerly used to distinguish Taifanglania. Three new thermotolerant species isolated from soil samples in China are described and illustrated, (i) A. ellipsoidea, with solitary phialides tapering into thin necks and long chains of ellipsoidal to fusiform conidia, (ii) A. angustiphialis with single phialides terminal or lateral on hyphae, and long chains of ellipsoidal or fusiform conidia and, (iii) A. acuticonidiata with single phialides and fusiform conidia with acute ends. Phylogenetic analyses show that A. acuticonidiata, A. angustiphialis and A. ellipsoidea are most closely related to A. curticatenata, A. hechuanensis and A. major, respectively. Growth tests showed that the three new species are thermotolerant, with optimal growth temperatures of 37-40 C, and maximum growth temperatures near 50 C. A key to the accepted species of Acrophialophora is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenping Wu
- Novozymes China, No 14, Xinxi Road, Shangdi, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Liao H, Sun S, Wang P, Bi W, Tan S, Wei Z, Mei X, Liu D, Raza W, Shen Q, Xu Y. A new acidophilic endo-β-1,4-xylanase from Penicillium oxalicum: cloning, purification, and insights into the influence of metal ions on xylanase activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:1071-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A new acidophilic xylanase (XYN11A) from Penicillium oxalicum GZ-2 has been purified, identified and characterized. Synchronized fluorescence spectroscopy was used for the first time to evaluate the influence of metal ions on xylanase activity. The purified enzyme was identified by MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, and its gene (xyn11A) was identified as an open reading frame of 706 bp with a 68 bp intron. This gene encodes a mature protein of 196 residues with a predicted molecular weight of 21.3 kDa that has the 100 % identity with the putative xylanase from the P. oxalicum 114-2. The enzyme shows a structure comprising a catalytic module family 10 (GH10) and no carbohydrate-binding module family. The specific activities were 150.2, 60.2, and 72.6 U/mg for beechwood xylan, birchwood xylan, and oat spelt xylan, respectively. XYN11A exhibited optimal activity at pH 4.0 and remarkable pH stability under extremely acidic condition (pH 3). The specific activity, K m and V max values were 150.2 U/mg, 30.7 mg/mL, and 403.9 μmol/min/mg for beechwood xylan, respectively. XYN11A is a endo-β-1,4-xylanase since it release xylobiose and xylotriose as the main products by hydrolyzing xylans. The activity of XYN11A was enhanced 155 % by 1 mM Fe2+ ions, but was inhibited strongly by Fe3+. The reason of enhancing the xylanase activity of XYN11A with 1 mM Fe2+ treatment may be responsible for the change of microenvironment of tryptophan residues studied by synchronous fluorescence spectrophotometry. Inhibition of the xylanase activity by Fe3+ was first time demonstrated to associate tryptophan fluorescence quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanpeng Liao
- grid.27871.3b 0000000097507019 Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University 210095 Nanjing China
| | - Shaowei Sun
- grid.27871.3b 0000000097507019 Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University 210095 Nanjing China
| | - Pan Wang
- grid.27871.3b 0000000097507019 Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University 210095 Nanjing China
| | - Wenli Bi
- grid.27871.3b 0000000097507019 Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University 210095 Nanjing China
| | - Shiyong Tan
- grid.410727.7 0000 0001 0526 1937 Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha China
| | - Zhong Wei
- grid.27871.3b 0000000097507019 Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University 210095 Nanjing China
| | - Xinlan Mei
- grid.27871.3b 0000000097507019 Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University 210095 Nanjing China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- grid.27871.3b 0000000097507019 Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University 210095 Nanjing China
| | - Waseem Raza
- grid.27871.3b 0000000097507019 Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University 210095 Nanjing China
| | - Qirong Shen
- grid.27871.3b 0000000097507019 Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University 210095 Nanjing China
| | - Yangchun Xu
- grid.27871.3b 0000000097507019 Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University 210095 Nanjing China
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Purification and characterisation of thermo-alkaline pectinase enzyme from Hylocereus polyrhizus. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Silveira MHL, de Siqueira FG, Rau M, Silva LD, Moreira LRDS, Ferreira-Filho EX, Andreaus J. Hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse with enzyme preparations fromAcrophialophora nainianagrown on different carbon sources. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2013.872634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Knob A, Beitel SM, Fortkamp D, Terrasan CRF, de Almeida AF. Production, purification, and characterization of a major Penicillium glabrum xylanase using Brewer's spent grain as substrate. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:728735. [PMID: 23762855 PMCID: PMC3666430 DOI: 10.1155/2013/728735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, xylanases have been used in many processing industries. This study describes the xylanase production by Penicillium glabrum using brewer's spent grain as substrate. Additionally, this is the first work that reports the purification and characterization of a xylanase using this agroindustrial waste. Optimal production was obtained when P. glabrum was grown in liquid medium in pH 5.5, at 25 °C, under stationary condition for six days. The xylanase from P. glabrum was purified to homogeneity by a rapid and inexpensive procedure, using ammonium sulfate fractionation and molecular exclusion chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed one band with estimated molecular mass of 18.36 kDa. The optimum activity was observed at 60 °C, in pH 3.0. The enzyme was very stable at 50 °C, and high pH stability was verified from pH 2.5 to 5.0. The ion Mn(2+) and the reducing agents β -mercaptoethanol and DTT enhanced xylanase activity, while the ions Hg(2+), Zn(2+), and Cu(2+) as well as the detergent SDS were strong inhibitors of the enzyme. The use of brewer's spent grain as substrate for xylanase production cannot only add value and decrease the amount of this waste but also reduce the xylanase production cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Knob
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midwest State University, Camargo Varela de Sá Street 03, 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Midwest State University, Camargo Varela de Sá Street 03, 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Susan Michelz Beitel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midwest State University, Camargo Varela de Sá Street 03, 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Diana Fortkamp
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midwest State University, Camargo Varela de Sá Street 03, 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - César Rafael Fanchini Terrasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex Fernando de Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, São Paulo State University, 24-A Avenue 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Thermostable and Alkalistable Endoxylanase of the Extremely Thermophilic Bacterium Geobacillus thermodenitrificans TSAA1: Cloning, Expression, Characteristics and Its Applicability in Generating Xylooligosaccharides and Fermentable Sugars. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:119-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Use of Residual Biomass from the Textile Industry as Carbon Source for Production of a Low-Molecular-Weight Xylanase from Aspergillus oryzae. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/app2040754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Amino acids interference on the quantification of reducing sugars by the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid assay mislead carbohydrase activity measurements. Carbohydr Res 2012; 363:33-7. [PMID: 23103512 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the interference of the amino acids tryptophan, cysteine, histidine, tyrosine, hydroxyproline, leucine, proline, serine, glycine, valine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, and methionine on the measurement of reducing sugars using a phenol-free 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) reagent. It was found that in reaction mixtures containing 20mM of either tryptophan, cysteine, histidine, tyrosine, or hydroxyproline the measurement of 3.7 mM glucose was overestimated by 76%, 50%, 35%, 18%, and 10%, respectively. The amino acids valine, glutamic acid, and phenylalanine did not affect the DNS reaction, while methionine decreased the color development by 5%. The measurement of glucose, xylose, arabinose, and cellobiose at the 3.7-12.4 mM range in the presence of 20 mM cysteine resulted in an overestimated concentration of 34.8-50%. Enzymatic assays for measuring xylanolytic and filter paper activity (FPAse) were conducted in the presence of 20-60 mM cysteine, and compared to cysteine-free assays. In the presence of cysteine, the measured xylanase activity increased threefold and the FPAse activity increased twofold due to the overestimation of the reducing sugar concentrations in the assays. The interference from cysteine was reduced to a maximum of 8.6% when a DNS reagent containing phenol was used.
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Cloning, purification and characterization of an alkali-stable endoxylanase from thermophilic Geobacillus sp. 71. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:1981-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-1000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Prakash P, Jayalakshmi SK, Prakash B, Rubul M, Sreeramulu K. Production of alkaliphilic, halotolerent, thermostable cellulase free xylanase by Bacillus halodurans PPKS-2 using agro waste: single step purification and characterization. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:183-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Teixeira RSS, Siqueira FG, Souza MVD, Filho EXF, Bon EPDS. Purification and characterization studies of a thermostable β-xylanase from Aspergillus awamori. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 37:1041-51. [PMID: 20549295 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study presents data on the production, purification, and properties of a thermostable β-xylanase produced by an Aspergillus awamori 2B.361 U2/1 submerged culture using wheat bran as carbon source. Fractionation of the culture filtrate by membrane ultrafiltration followed by Sephacryl S-200 and Q-Sepharose chromatography allowed for the isolation of a homogeneous xylanase (PXII-1), which was 32.87 kDa according to MS analysis. The enzyme-specific activity towards soluble oat spelt xylan, which was found to be 490 IU/mg under optimum reaction conditions (50°C and pH 5.0-5.5), was 17-fold higher than that measured in the culture supernatant. Xylan reaction products were identified as xylobiose, xylotriose, and xylotetraose. K (m) values (mg ml(-1)) for soluble oat spelt and birchwood xylan were 11.8 and 9.45, respectively. Although PXII-1 showed 85% activity retention upon incubation at 50 °C and pH 5.0 for 20 days, incubation at pH 7.0 resulted in 50% activity loss within 3 days. PXII-1 stability at pH 7.0 was improved in the presence of 20 mM cysteine, which allowed for 85% activity retention for 25 days. This study on the production in high yields of a remarkably thermostable xylanase is of significance due to the central role that this class of biocatalyst shares, along with cellulases, for the much needed enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass. Furthermore, stable xylanases are important for the manufacture of paper, animal feed, and xylooligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Sposina Sobral Teixeira
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Bloco A, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Barros RRO, Oliveira RA, Gottschalk LMF, Bon EPS. Production of Cellulolytic Enzymes by Fungi Acrophialophora nainiana and Ceratocystis paradoxa Using Different Carbon Sources. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 161:448-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Purification and Characterization of Two Extracellular Xylanases from Penicillium sclerotiorum: A Novel Acidophilic Xylanase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 162:429-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 07/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Rau M, Heidemann C, Pascoalin AM, Filho EXF, Camassola M, Dillon AJP, Fernandes Das Chagas C, Andreaus J. Application of cellulases fromAcrophialophora nainianaandPenicillium echinulatumin textile processing of cellulosic fibres. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420802249430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Savitha S, Sadhasivam S, Swaminathan K. Modification of paper properties by the pretreatment of wastepaper pulp with Graphiumputredinis, Trichodermaharzianum and fusant xylanases. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:883-9. [PMID: 18723340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphiumputredinis, Trichodermaharzianum and fusant were used in the present study to produce extracellular xylanases, an important industrial enzyme used in pulp and paper industry produced in a minimal medium supplemented with oat spelt xylan (1%, w/v) pH 7.0 at 27+/-2 degrees C. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by DEAE-Cellulose and Superdex 75 FPLC column, respectively. The enzyme was found to be a monomer as determined by SDS gel electrophoresis. The optimum pH and temperature for purified G. putredinis, T. harzianum and fusant xylanases were 5.0-6.0 and 50-70 degrees C, respectively. Pretreatment of paper pulp with G. putredinis, T. harzianum and fusant xylanases decreased pulp kappa number. Xylanases particularly that of fusant at 5 IU/g pulp concentration and 1.5% pulp consistency at 60 degrees C for 18 h followed by EDED process yielded good quality paper from waste paper pulp. A significant increase in pulp brightness and improvement in various pulp properties, viz. burst capacity, thickness and bulkness of the treated pulp were observed in comparison to the conventional chemical bleaching. Easy purification and high stability of these enzymes makes it amicable for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Savitha
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Li N, Meng K, Wang Y, Shi P, Luo H, Bai Y, Yang P, Yao B. Cloning, expression, and characterization of a new xylanase with broad temperature adaptability from Streptomyces sp. S9. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 80:231-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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26
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Salles BC, Te'o VSJ, Gibbs MD, Bergquist PL, Filho EXF, Ximenes EA, Nevalainen KMH. Identification of two novel xylanase-encoding genes (xyn5 and xyn6) from Acrophialophora nainiana and heterologous expression of xyn6 in Trichoderma reesei. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 29:1195-201. [PMID: 17487548 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-007-9380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2006] [Revised: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two novel genes, xyn5 and xyn6, coding for family 11 xylanases, were isolated from the thermotolerant filamentous fungus, Acrophialophora nainiana, by PCR using degenerate primers. The xyn6 gene was further expressed in Trichoderma reesei. DNA sequence analysis of xyn6 revealed an open reading frame (ORF) of 708 bp, interrupted by an intron of 58 bp. The xyn6 ORF encodes a predicted protein of 236 amino acid residues. The mature recombinant XynVI protein had a molecular mass of about 19 kDa, as estimated by gel electrophoresis. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence of XynVI paves the way for rational protein engineering by site-directed mutagenesis aiming to increase the thermostability of the heterologously-expressed xylanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C Salles
- Laboratório de Enzimologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil.
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Tachaapaikoon C, Kyu KL, Ratanakhanokchai K. Purification of xylanase from alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. K-8 by using corn husk column. Process Biochem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Mamo G, Hatti-Kaul R, Mattiasson B. A thermostable alkaline active endo-β-1-4-xylanase from Bacillus halodurans S7: Purification and characterization. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Deng P, Li D, Cao Y, Lu W, Wang C. Cloning of a gene encoding an acidophilic endo-β-1,4-xylanase obtained from Aspergillus niger CGMCC1067 and constitutive expression in Pichia pastoris. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Yoon KY, Woodams EE, Hang YD. Enzymatic production of pentoses from the hemicellulose fraction of corn residues. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2005.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Celestino SMC, Maria de Freitas S, Javier Medrano F, Valle de Sousa M, Filho EXF. Purification and characterization of a novel pectinase from Acrophialophora nainiana with emphasis on its physicochemical properties. J Biotechnol 2006; 123:33-42. [PMID: 16337707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2005] [Revised: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular pectinase (PECI) was purified to apparent homogeneity from liquid state cultures of the thermophilic fungus Acrophialophora nainiana by ultrafiltration and a combination of gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatographic procedures. The molecular masses of PECI were 35,500 and 30,749 Da, as determined by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry, respectively. It was more active at 60 degrees C and pH 8.0 and showed high stability at 50 degrees C with half-life of 7 days. However at 60 and 70 degrees C, PECI was much less stable with half lives of approximately 20 and 3 min, respectively. The thermostability of purified PECI was also investigated by fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Fluorescence revealed that the unfolding transition region was observed between 45 and 70 degrees C. A major decrease in the stability was found at 70 degrees C. Circular dichroism measurements at pH between 5.0 and 9.0 showed a transition temperature (T(m)) range of 50-55 degrees . The thermodynamic analysis of these results showed that EPGI is thermal stable protein exhibiting maximum stability (DeltaG(25)) of 22.65 and 19.19 kcal/mol at pH 8.0 and 9.0, respectively. The apparent K(m) value on pectin from citrus fruits was 4.22 mgml(-1). PECI exhibited no detectable activity of pectin methylesterase, endo-polygalacturonase, mannanase, xylanase and cellulase. However, it showed exo-polygalacturonase and pectin lyase activities. The presence of carbohydrate was detected in the pure PECI. It was activated by l-tryptophan, DEPC, DTT, DTNB, DTP, l-cystein and beta-mercaptoethanol and inhibited by NBS, Fe(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Mn(2+), Al(3+) and Ca(2+). The enzyme showed homology with a pectin lyases from Xanthomonas campestris and Bacillus licheniformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maria C Celestino
- Laboratório de Enzimologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
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Purification and characterization of a high molecular weight endoxylanase from the solid-state culture of an alkali-tolerant Aspergillus fumigatus MKU1. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-005-9061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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