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Xing Q, Cabioch L, Desrut A, Le Corguillé G, Rousvoal S, Dartevelle L, Rolland E, Guitton Y, Potin P, Markov GV, Faugeron S, Leblanc C. Aldehyde perception induces specific molecular responses in Laminaria digitata and affects algal consumption by a specialist grazer. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1617-1632. [PMID: 37658798 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
In the marine environment, distance signaling based on water-borne cues occurs during interactions between macroalgae and herbivores. In the brown alga Laminaria digitata from North-Atlantic Brittany, oligoalginates elicitation or grazing was shown to induce chemical and transcriptomic regulations, as well as emission of a wide range of volatile aldehydes, but their biological roles as potential defense or warning signals in response to herbivores remain unknown. In this context, bioassays using the limpet Patella pellucida and L. digitata were carried out for determining the effects of algal transient incubation with 4-hydroxyhexenal (4-HHE), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and dodecadienal on algal consumption by grazers. Simultaneously, we have developed metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches to study algal molecular responses after treatments of L. digitata with these chemical compounds. The results indicated that, unlike the treatment of the plantlets with 4-HNE or dodecadienal, treatment with 4-HHE decreases algal consumption by herbivores at 100 ng.ml-1 . Moreover, we showed that algal metabolome was significantly modified according to the type of aldehydes, and more specifically the metabolite pathways linked to fatty acid degradation. RNAseq analysis further showed that 4-HHE at 100 ng.ml-1 can activate the regulation of genes related to oxylipin signaling pathways and specific responses, compared to oligoalginates elicitation. As kelp beds constitute complex ecosystems consisting of habitat and food source for marine herbivores, the algal perception of specific aldehydes leading to targeted molecular regulations could have an important biological role on kelps/grazers interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qikun Xing
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Léa Cabioch
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
- Centro de Conservación Marina and CeBiB, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antoine Desrut
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Gildas Le Corguillé
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR 2424, ABIMS Platform, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Sylvie Rousvoal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Laurence Dartevelle
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Elodie Rolland
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | | | - Philippe Potin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Gabriel V Markov
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Sylvain Faugeron
- Centro de Conservación Marina and CeBiB, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
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Usui M, Kubota H, Ishihara M, Matsuki H, Kawabe S, Sugiura Y, Kataoka N, Matsushita K, Ano Y, Akakabe Y, Hours RA, Yakushi T, Adachi O. Histamine Elimination by a Coupling Reaction of Fungal Amine Oxidase and Bacterial Aldehyde Oxidase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:1438-1447. [PMID: 35876648 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Histamine (HIST) and other biogenic amines found in fish and fishery products accumulated by the action of bacterial amino acid decarboxylase cannot be decomposed and eliminated by heating or other chemical methods. A simple method for HIST elimination is proposed by a coupling reaction of the fungal amine oxidase (FAO) and bacterial aldehyde oxidase (ALOX) of acetic acid bacteria. As a model reaction, FAO oxidized benzylamine to benzaldehyde, which in turn was oxidized spontaneously to benzoic acid with ALOX. Likely, in HIST elimination, FAO coupled well with ALOX to produce imidazole 4-acetic acid from HIST with an apparent yield of 100%. Imidazole 4-acetaldehyde was not detected in the reaction mixture. In the absence of ALOX, the coupling reaction was incomplete giving a number of unidentified substances in the reaction mixture. The proposed coupling enzymatic method may be highly effective to eliminate toxic amines from fish and fishery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakatsu Usui
- Department of Food science, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Hikari Kubota
- Department of Food science, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Mizuki Ishihara
- Department of Food science, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Haruka Matsuki
- Department of Food science, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Shinya Kawabe
- Department of Food science, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Sugiura
- Department of Food science, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Naoya Kataoka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Matsushita
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ano
- Department of Applied Bioresource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Akakabe
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Roque A Hours
- CINDEFI, School of Science, La Plata National University, 47 y 115 (B1900ASH), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Toshiharu Yakushi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Osao Adachi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Dragun Z, Ivanković D, Krasnići N, Kiralj Z, Cvitanović M, Karamatić I, Valić D, Barac F, Filipović Marijić V, Mijošek T, Gjurčević E, Matanović K, Kužir S. Metal-binding biomolecules in the liver of northern pike (Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758): The first data for the family Esocidae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 257:109327. [PMID: 35276358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal-handling strategies of various fish species are known to vary significantly in association with their intracellular metal behaviour. Thus, to better understand the possible consequences of increased metal exposure in fish it is important to perform comparative studies on metal-binding biomolecules in organs of different species. This study was the first of this kind on a liver of an esocid fish (northern pike, Esox lucius), and the gathered information were compared to fish belonging to three other families, Leuciscidae, Cyprinidae and Salmonidae. Distributions of ten elements among cytosolic biomolecules of different molecular masses were studied by size exclusion HPLC combined offline with high resolution ICP-MS. The results indicated predominant association of Co, Fe and Mo to high molecular mass biomolecules (>100 kDa), of Zn and Bi to both high and medium molecular mass biomolecules (>30 kDa), of Mn and Se to medium molecular mass biomolecules (30-100 kDa), and Ag, Cd and Cu to low molecular mass biomolecules (10-30 kDa), presumably metallothioneins. Evident binding to metallothioneins was also detected for Zn and Bi. For several metals, distinct differences were observed when cytosolic metal distributions of northern pike were compared to leuciscids, salmonids and cyprinids. More pronounced Zn binding to metallothioneins was recorded in leuciscids and cyprinids than both esocids and salmonids, whereas cytosolic Mn and Se distributions clearly differed between all studied fish families. Accordingly, in assessment of metal pollution it is vital to consider the exposed species, which requires prior comprehensive comparative research on numerous aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Dragun
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dušica Ivanković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nesrete Krasnići
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Kiralj
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marita Cvitanović
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Karamatić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Valić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fran Barac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Filipović Marijić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Mijošek
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Emil Gjurčević
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krešimir Matanović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Kužir
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, Zagreb, Croatia
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Mijošek T, Filipović Marijić V, Dragun Z, Krasnići N, Ivanković D, Redžović Z, Erk M. First insight in trace element distribution in the intestinal cytosol of two freshwater fish species challenged with moderate environmental contamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149274. [PMID: 34375239 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic distribution of six essential elements and nonessential Cd among biomolecules of different molecular masses was investigated in the intestine of brown trout (Salmo trutta) from the karst Krka River and Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) from the lowland Ilova River. Fish were sampled at two locations (reference and contaminated) and in two seasons (autumn and spring). Analyses were conducted by size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography and high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Although studied salmonid and cyprinid fish have different biological characteristics, obtained profiles often showed mostly similar patterns in both species. Specifically, Cd and Cu were dominantly bound to metallothioneins in both species, but the same association was not observed for Zn, whereas Mo distribution was similar in the intestine of both fish species with two well shaped and clear peaks in HMM (100-400 kDa) and VLMM (2-8 kDa) range. In brown trout, Se was mostly associated with biomolecules of very low molecular masses (VLMM, <10 kDa), whereas significant additional elution in HMM region (30-303 kDa) was observed only in Prussian carp. Iron binding to VLMM biomolecules (1.8-14 kDa) was observed only in brown trouts, and of Zn in Prussian carps. Cobalt was mostly bound to HMM biomolecules (85-235 kDa) in brown trout and to VLMM biomolecules (0.7-18 kDa) in Prussian carp. Comparison of intestinal profiles with previously published data on liver and gills revealed some similarities in distribution, but also organ-specific differences due to the different function and composition of each organ. As so far there is no published data on intestinal trace metal distribution, the obtained results represent the novel findings, and the key point for the exact identification of specific metal-binding biomolecules which could eventually be used as biomarkers of metal exposure or effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Mijošek
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vlatka Filipović Marijić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Zrinka Dragun
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nesrete Krasnići
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dušica Ivanković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Zuzana Redžović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marijana Erk
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Dragun Z, Krasnići N, Ivanković D, Filipović Marijić V, Mijošek T, Redžović Z, Erk M. Comparison of intracellular trace element distributions in the liver and gills of the invasive freshwater fish species, Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:138923. [PMID: 32388370 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) is an invasive freshwater fish known for its high tolerance to aquatic pollution. Our aim was to try to clarify its tolerance to increased exposure to metals/nonmetals, by determining their cytosolic distributions among peptides/proteins of different molecular masses (MM), which form a part of the fish protective mechanisms. The applied approach consisted of fractionation of gill and hepatic cytosols of Prussian carp from the Croatian river Ilova by size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography, whereas Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mo, and Se analyses were done by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results indicated high detoxification of Cd by its binding to metallothioneins (MTs) in both fish organs. In addition, binding to MTs was observed for Cu in both organs and for Zn in the liver, whereas clear Zn binding to MTs in the gills was not recorded. Zinc in the gills was predominantly bound to proteins of higher MM (50-250 kDa) and to biomolecules of MM below 2 kDa. Predominant Fe binding to proteins of MM of ~400 kDa (presumably storage protein ferritin) was observed in the liver, whereas in the gills Fe was mainly associated to proteins of MM of ~15-65 kDa (presumably hemoglobin oligomers). Maximum Mo and Se elutions in the liver were noted at 235 kDa and 141 kDa, respectively, and in the gills below 10 kDa. The striking difference was observed between two organs of Prussian carp, with predominant metal/nonmetal binding to high MM proteins (e.g., enzymes, storage proteins) in the liver, and to very low MM biomolecules (<10 kDa) in the gills (e.g., antioxidants, metallochaperones, nonprotein cofactors). Such metal/nonmetal distributions within the gills, as the first site of defense, as well as association of several metals to MTs, indicated highly developed defense mechanisms in some organs of Prussian carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Dragun
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička c. 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nesrete Krasnići
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička c. 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dušica Ivanković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička c. 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Filipović Marijić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička c. 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Mijošek
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička c. 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zuzana Redžović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička c. 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Erk
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička c. 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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Wei ZS, He YM, Huang ZS, Xiao XL, Li BL, Ming S, Cheng XL. Photocatalytic membrane combined with biodegradation for toluene oxidation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109618. [PMID: 31487569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic membrane coupled to biodegradation offers potential for degrading volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in photocatalytic membrane biofilm reactor. An intimately coupled photocatalysis and biodegradation reactor was operated in continuous operation for 500 days to treat simulated waste gas containing toluene. Toluene removal efficiency obtained 99%, with the elimination capacity of 550 g m-3·h-1. Membrane photocatalysis coupled to biodegradation was created to improve toluene removal from 11 to 20%. The dominant genera were Lysinibacillus, Hydrogenophaga, Pseudomonas at 30 d, Rudaea, Dongia, Litorilinea at 230 d xyl, Tod, Tcb, Bed, Tmo, Tbu, Tou, Dmp, Cat were functional genes of toluene metabolism, as shown by16S rDNA and metagenomic sequencing. Photocatalysis destroyed part of the toluene into biodegradable intermediates that were immediately mineralized by microorganisms in biofilm, some toluene was directly degraded by toluene degrading bacterial community into carbon dioxide and water. The novel hybrid photocatalytic membrane biofilm reactor is a cost-effective and robust alternative to VOCs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Y M He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Z S Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - X L Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - B L Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - S Ming
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - X L Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Dragun Z, Krasnići N, Kolar N, Filipović Marijić V, Ivanković D, Erk M. Cytosolic distributions of highly toxic metals Cd and Tl and several essential elements in the liver of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) analyzed by size exclusion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 207:162-173. [PMID: 29793028 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic distributions of nonessential metals Cd and Tl and seven essential elements among compounds of different molecular masses were studied in the liver of brown trout (Salmo trutta) from the karstic Krka River in Croatia. Analyses were done by size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography and high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Common feature of Cd and Tl, as highly toxic elements, was their distribution within only two narrow peaks. The increase of cytosolic Cd concentrations was reflected in marked increase of Cd elution within low molecular mass peak (maximum at ∼15 kDa), presumably containing metallothioneins (MTs), which indicated successful Cd detoxification in brown trout liver under studied exposure conditions. Contrary, the increase of cytosolic Tl concentrations was reflected in marked increase of Tl elution within high molecular mass peak (maximum at 140 kDa), which probably indicated incomplete Tl detoxification. Common feature of the majority of studied essential elements was their distribution within more peaks, often broad and not well resolved, which is consistent with their numerous physiological functions. Among observed associations of essential metals/nonmetal to proteins, the following could be singled out: Cu and Zn association to MTs, Fe association to storage protein ferritin, and Se association to compounds of very low molecular masses (<5 kDa). The obtained results present the first step towards identification of metal-binding compounds in hepatic cytosol of brown trout, and thus a significant contribution to better understanding of metal fate in the liver of that important bioindicator species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Dragun
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička C. 54, 10002, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nesrete Krasnići
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička C. 54, 10002, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nicol Kolar
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Filipović Marijić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička C. 54, 10002, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dušica Ivanković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička C. 54, 10002, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Erk
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička C. 54, 10002, Zagreb, Croatia
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Krasnići N, Dragun Z, Erk M, Ramani S, Jordanova M, Rebok K, Kostov V. Size-exclusion HPLC analysis of trace element distributions in hepatic and gill cytosol of Vardar chub (Squalius vardarensis Karaman) from mining impacted rivers in north-eastern Macedonia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:1055-1068. [PMID: 28950668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many bioindicators have not yet been well characterized regarding their tendency to bind trace elements by different cytosolic biomolecules in response to trace element exposure. Accordingly, our principal aim was to define the cytosolic distributions of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn among the biomolecules of different molecular masses in liver and gills of Vardar chub (Squalius vardarensis Karaman), a representative fish species of Macedonian rivers, and to determine distribution changes which occur as a consequence of increased exposure to specific trace elements. Additionally, we aimed to confirm the presence of heat-stable biomolecules in chub hepatic and gill cytosols. Distribution profiles were obtained by separation of cytosols and heat-treated cytosols using size-exclusion high performance-liquid chromatography, and by offline determination of trace element concentrations using high resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Distribution profiles of trace elements were mainly characterized by several peaks encompassing different ranges of molecular masses, as a sign of incorporation of trace elements in various biomolecules within hepatic and gill cytosols. Especially interesting finding was probable binding of Fe to ferritin, which was especially pronounced in the liver, as a sign of important liver function in Fe storage. Furthermore, association with heat-stable proteins, metallothioneins (MT), was indicated for Cd, Cu, and Zn in the hepatic cytosol, as well as for Cd in the gill cytosol, whereas a sign of Zn-MT association was not observed in the gills. The presence of Mo- and Se-binding heat-stable compounds of very low molecular masses (<10kDa) in the cytosol was determined for both liver and the gills. Trace elements under all studied conditions were found associated to the same biomolecules, and only their proportions associated to specific cytosolic compounds have changed as a consequence of their increased bioaccumulation in the liver and gills of Vardar chub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrete Krasnići
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Dragun
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marijana Erk
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sheriban Ramani
- Hydrometeorological Service of Macedonia, Department for Water Analysis, Skupi 28, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Maja Jordanova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Arhimedova 3, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Katerina Rebok
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Arhimedova 3, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Vasil Kostov
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Ile Ilievski 92a, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia
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9
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Uchida H, Mikami B, Yamane-Tanabe A, Ito A, Hirano K, Oki M. Crystal structure of an aldehyde oxidase from Methylobacillus sp. KY4400. J Biochem 2018; 163:321-328. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 9-1, Bunkyo 3-Chome, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Bunzou Mikami
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Aiko Yamane-Tanabe
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Anna Ito
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 9-1, Bunkyo 3-Chome, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Kouzou Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 9-1, Bunkyo 3-Chome, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Masaya Oki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 9-1, Bunkyo 3-Chome, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
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10
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Discovery of piperonal-converting oxidase involved in the metabolism of a botanical aromatic aldehyde. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38021. [PMID: 27905507 PMCID: PMC5131310 DOI: 10.1038/srep38021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperonal-catabolizing microorganisms were isolated from soil, the one (strain CT39-3) exhibiting the highest activity being identified as Burkholderia sp. The piperonal-converting enzyme involved in the initial step of piperonal metabolism was purified from strain CT39-3. Gene cloning of the enzyme and a homology search revealed that the enzyme belongs to the xanthine oxidase family, which comprises molybdoenzymes containing a molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide cofactor. We found that the piperonal-converting enzyme acts on piperonal in the presence of O2, leading to formation of piperonylic acid and H2O2. The growth of strain CT39-3 was inhibited by higher concentrations of piperonal in the culture medium. Together with this finding, the broad substrate specificity of this enzyme for various aldehydes suggests that it would play an important role in the defense mechanism against antimicrobial compounds derived from plant species.
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11
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Yamada M, Adachi K, Ogawa N, Kishino S, Ogawa J, Kataoka M, Shimizu S, Isobe K. A new aldehyde oxidase catalyzing the conversion of glycolaldehyde to glycolate from Burkholderia sp. AIU 129. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 119:410-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Mancuso S, Taiti C, Bazihizina N, Costa C, Menesatti P, Giagnoni L, Arenella M, Nannipieri P, Renella G. Soil volatile analysis by proton transfer reaction-time of flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS). APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
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13
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Panda AK, Bisht SS, DeMondal S, Senthil Kumar N, Gurusubramanian G, Panigrahi AK. Brevibacillus as a biological tool: a short review. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 105:623-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-0099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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14
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Krasnići N, Dragun Z, Erk M, Raspor B. Distribution of selected essential (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn) and nonessential (Cd, Pb) trace elements among protein fractions from hepatic cytosol of European chub (Squalius cephalus L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:2340-2351. [PMID: 22886752 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Association of selected essential (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn) and nonessential (Cd, Pb) trace elements with cytosolic proteins of different molecular masses was described for the liver of European chub (Squalius cephalus) from weakly contaminated Sutla River in Croatia. The principal aim was to establish basic trace element distributions among protein fractions characteristic for the fish living in the conditions of low metal exposure in the water. The fractionation of chub hepatic cytosols was carried out by size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC; Superdex™ 200 10/300 GL column), and measurements were performed by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR ICP-MS). Elution profiles of essential elements were mostly characterized by broad peaks covering wide range of molecular masses, as a sign of incorporation of essential elements in various proteins within hepatic cytosol. Exceptions were Cu and Fe, with elution profiles characterized by sharp, narrow peaks indicating their probable association with specific proteins, metallothionein (MT), and ferritin, respectively. The main feature of the elution profile of nonessential metal Cd was also single sharp, narrow peak, coinciding with MT elution time, and indicating almost complete Cd detoxification by MT under the conditions of weak metal exposure in the water (dissolved Cd concentration ≤0.3 μg L(-1)). Contrary, nonessential metal Pb was observed to bind to wide spectrum of proteins, mostly of medium molecular masses (30-100 kDa), after exposure to dissolved Pb concentration of ~1 μg L(-1). The obtained information within this study presents the starting point for identification and characterization of specific metal/metalloid-binding proteins in chub hepatic cytosol, which could be further used as markers of metal/metalloid exposure or effect on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrete Krasnići
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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15
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Sasaki Y, Urano N, Kataoka M, Ogawa J, Iwasaki A, Hasegawa J, Isobe K, Shimizu S. Cloning and sequencing of a gene encoding of aldehyde oxidase in Pseudomonas sp. AIU 362. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 114:28-32. [PMID: 22571962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We have cloned a gene encoding an aldehyde oxidase (ALOD) oxidized glyoxal but not glyoxylic acid from Pseudomonas sp. AIU 362. The ALOD gene contained an open reading frame consisting of 888 nucleotides corresponding to 295 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibited a high similarity to those of 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenases (3-HIBDHs). We expressed the cloned gene as an active product in Escherichia coli BL21 cells. The productivity (total units per culture broth volume) of the recombinant ALOD expressed in E. coli BL21 was 20,000-fold higher than that of ALOD in Pseudomonas sp. AIU 362. The recombinant ALOD exhibited ALOD activity and 3-HIBDH activity. The 3-HIBDH from Pseudomonas putida KT2440 also exhibited ALOD activity. Thus, the ALOD from Pseudomonas sp. AIU 362 and 3-HIBDH from P. putida KT2440 were classified into the same enzyme group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Sasaki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 18-8 Ueda 3-chome, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
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16
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Isobe K. Enzymes responsible for metabolism of Nα-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine in microorganisms. N Biotechnol 2010; 27:751-4. [PMID: 20460177 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present paper reviews the enzymes catalyzing conversion of Nα-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine (Nα-Z-L-lysine) to Nα-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aminoadipic acid (Nα-Z-L-AAA) in fungal and bacterial strains. Aspergillus niger AKU 3302 and Rhodococcus sp. AIU Z-35-1 converted Nα-Z-L-lysine to Nα-Z-L-AAA via Nα-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aminoadipate-δ-semialdehyde (Nα-Z-L-AASA). However, different enzyme combinations were involved in the Nα-Z-L-lysine metabolism of both strains. A. niger strain converted Nα-Z-L-lysine to Nα-Z-L-AASA by amine oxidase, and the resulting Nα-Z-L-AASA was converted to Nα-Z-L-AAA by an aldehyde oxidase. In the Rhodococcus strain, conversion of Nα-Z-L-lysine to Nα-Z-L-AASA was catalyzed by l-specific amino acid oxidase. The resulting Nα-Z-L-AASA was converted to Nα-Z-L-AAA by an aldehyde dehydrogenase. The present paper also describes characteristics of new enzymes obtained from those strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiyasu Isobe
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
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18
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Sasaki Y, Isobe K, Kataoka M, Ogawa J, Iwasaki A, Hasegawa J, Shimizu S. Purification and characterization of a new aldehyde oxidase from pseudomonas sp. AIU 362. J Biosci Bioeng 2008; 106:297-302. [DOI: 10.1263/jbb.106.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Thiwthong R, Kataoka M, Iwasaki A, Watanabe H, Hasegawa J, Isobe K, Shimizu S. Aldehyde oxidase carrying an unusual subunit structure from Pseudomonas sp. MX-058. Microb Biotechnol 2008; 1:395-402. [PMID: 21261859 PMCID: PMC3815246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2008.00038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas sp. MX‐058 produces aldehyde oxidase catalysing glyoxal to glyoxylic acid. Two aldehyde oxidases (F10 and F13) were purified to homogeneity from Pseudomonas sp. MX‐058. F10 and F13 had subunit structures, a heterotetramer and heteropentamer respectively. The N‐terminal amino acid sequences of all subunits were highly homologous to amino acid sequences of the putative oxidoreductases of Pseudomonas strains. All of these homologous oxidoreductases have a heterotrimer structure consisting of 85‐88 (α), 37‐39 (β) and 18‐23 (γ) kDa subunits. However, the α‐subunits of F10 and F13 might have decomposed into two [80 (α1) and 9 kDa (α2)] and three [58 (α1′), 22 (α1″) and 9 (α2) kDa] subunits, respectively, while the β‐ and γ‐subunits remained intact. Both F10 and F13 show high activity toward several aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. The aldehyde oxidases of Pseudomonas sp. MX‐058 has unique protein structures, α1α2βγ for F10 and α1′α1″α2βγ for F13, a heterotetramer and heteropentamer respectively. The enzymes exhibit significantly low activity toward glyoxylic acid compared with glyoxal, which is an advantageous property for glyoxylic acid production from glyoxal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungruedee Thiwthong
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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20
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Characterization of aldehyde oxidase from Brevibacillus sp. MEY43 and its application to oxidative removal of glutaraldehyde. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Uchida H, Hojyo M, Fujii Y, Maeda Y, Kajimura R, Yamanaka H, Sakurai A, Sakakibara M, Aisaka K. Purification, characterization, and potential applications of formate oxidase from Debaryomyces vanrijiae MH201. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 74:805-12. [PMID: 17106679 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Revised: 08/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Formate oxidase was found in cell-free extracts of Debaryomyces vanrijiae MH201, a soil isolate. After purification by column chromatography, the preparation showed a protein band corresponding to a molecular mass (MM) of 64 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The MM, estimated by a gel filtration, was 99 kDa. The preparation showed two and three bands on isoelectric focusing under denaturing and native conditions, respectively. These results suggest that the preparation contained three isoforms, each of which might be composed of alphaalpha, alphabeta, and betabeta subunits with apparently similar MM. The preparation acted on formate with K (m) and V (max) values of 11.7 mM and 262 micromol min(-1) mg(-1), respectively, at pH 4.5 and 25 degrees C, but showed no evidence of activity on the other compounds tested. The optimum pH and temperature were pH 4.0 and 35 degrees C, respectively. The preparation showed activities of 85% of the initial activity after storage at pH 6.0 and 4 degrees C for 8 weeks. When 10 mM formaldehyde was reacted with 2.0 U ml(-1) of the enzyme preparation at pH 5.5 and room temperature in the presence of 2.0 U ml(-1) of a microbial aldehyde oxidase and 100 U ml(-1) of catalase for 180 min, neither of formate nor formaldehyde was detected, suggesting that the reaction involved the quantitative conversion of formaldehyde to carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Uchida
- Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, 9-1, Bunkyo 3-Chome, Fukui-Shi, Japan.
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Yasuhara A, Akiba-Goto M, Aisaka K. Cloning and sequencing of the aldehyde oxidase gene from Methylobacillus sp. KY4400. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2006; 69:2435-8. [PMID: 16377905 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.69.2435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aldehyde oxidase genes (aods) from Methylobacillus sp. KY4400 were cloned, and sequenced. The sequences for small (aodS, 489 bp), medium (aodM, 993 bp), and large (aodL, 2,328 bp) subunit genes were determined. At least one additional ORF was indispensable for the expression of enzyme activity. The structural genes contained two [2Fe-2S] centers, an FAD binding site, and a molybdenum cofactor binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Yasuhara
- BioFrontier Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Purification and Some Properties of An Aldehyde Oxidase from Streptomyces Rimosus ATCC10970. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-005-9058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Uchida H, Fukuda T, Satoh Y, Okamura Y, Toriyama A, Yamashita A, Aisaka K, Sakurai T, Nagaosa Y, Uwajima T. Characterization and potential application of purified aldehyde oxidase from Pseudomonas stutzeri IFO12695. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 68:53-6. [PMID: 15657722 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-1894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2004] [Revised: 09/27/2004] [Accepted: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The molecular weight of purified aldehyde oxidase from Pseudomonas stutzeri IFO12695 was estimated to be 160 kDa by a gel filtration method. SDS-PAGE showed that the enzyme consisted of three non-identical subunits with molecular weights of 18, 38, and 83 kDa. The enzyme exhibited an absorption spectrum with maxima at 277, 325, 365, 415, 450, 480, and 550 nm and possessed molybdenum, CMP, iron, sulfur, and FAD as its cofactors, indicating that it belonged to the xanthine oxidase family. A variety of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes were oxidized; and among them n-hexylaldehyde gave the most rapidly action. When 10 mM formaldehyde was treated with the aldehyde oxidase in the presence of catalase for 240 min, the formaldehyde concentration was reduced to 0.8 mM, suggesting this enzyme might be effective for the removal of formaldehyde contained in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Uchida
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, 9-1, Bunkyo 3-Chome, Fukui-shi, 910-8507, Japan
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