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Li B. Why do tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes have variable efficacy in the treatment of solid tumors? Front Immunol 2022; 13:973881. [PMID: 36341370 PMCID: PMC9635507 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.973881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes in tumor tissue are called tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and they play a key role in the control and treatment of tumor diseases. Since the discovery in 1987 that cultured TILs can kill tumor cells more than 100 times more effectively than T-cells cultured from peripheral blood in melanoma, it has been confirmed that cultured TILs can successfully cure clinical patients with melanoma. Since 1989, after we investigated TIL isolation performance from solid tumors, we modified some procedures to increase efficacy, and thus successfully established new TIL isolation and culture methods in 1994. Moreover, our laboratory and clinicians using our cultured TILs have published more than 30 papers. To improve the efficacy of TILs, we have been carrying out studies of TIL efficacy to treat solid tumor diseases for approximately 30 years. The three main questions of TIL study have been "How do TILs remain silent in solid tumor tissue?", "How do TILs attack homologous and heterologous antigens from tumor cells of solid tumors?", and "How do TILs infiltrate solid tumor tissue from a distance into tumor sites to kill tumor cells?". Research on these three issues has increasingly answered these questions. In this review I summarize the main issues surrounding TILs in treating solid tumors. This review aims to study the killing function of TILs from solid tumor tissues, thereby ultimately introducing the optimal strategy for patients suffering from solid tumors through personalized immunotherapy in the near future.
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Mielczarek-Palacz A, Sikora J, Kondera-Anasz Z, Bednarek I. Cytotoxic reaction mediators: granzymes A and B in women with ovarian cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 83:409-13. [PMID: 24673566 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was the assessment of cytotoxic reaction mediators - granzymes A and B in the serum of women with ovarian tumors. The study included 120 women with proven ovarian tumors. The control group consisted of 60 healthy women in whom no pathological changes within the reproductive system were detected. Concentrations of granzymes A and B were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay. The highest concentrations of the studied parameters were observed in serum of women with ovarian cancer. Moreover, the concentrations of granzymes A and B in patients with ovarian cancer were substantially increased in comparison to concentrations in patients with ovarian cystadenomas (P < 0.0001) or ovarian teratomas (P < 0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mielczarek-Palacz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Xu Y, Hu H, Zheng J, Li B. Feasibility of whole RNA sequencing from single-cell mRNA amplification. GENETICS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:724124. [PMID: 24455282 PMCID: PMC3885331 DOI: 10.1155/2013/724124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell sampling with RNA-seq analysis plays an important role in reference laboratory; cytogenomic diagnosis for specimens on glass-slides or rare cells in circulating blood for tumor and genetic diseases; measurement of sensitivity and specificity in tumor-tissue genomic analysis with mixed-cells; mechanism analysis of differentiation and proliferation of cancer stem cell for academic purpose. Our single- cell RNA-seq technique shows that fragments were 250-450 bp after fragmentation, amplification, and adapter addition. There were 11.6 million reads mapped in raw sequencing reads (19.6 million). The numbers of mapped genes, mapped transcripts, and mapped exons were 31,332, 41,210, and 85,786, respectively. All QC results demonstrated that RNA-seq techniques could be used for single-cell genomic performance. Analysis of the mapped genes showed that the number of genes mapped by RNA-seq (6767 genes) was much higher than that of differential display (288 libraries) among similar specimens which we have developed and published. The single-cell RNA-seq can detect gene splicing using different subtype TGF-beta analysis. The results from using Q-rtPCR tests demonstrated that sensitivity is 76% and specificity is 55% from single-cell RNA-seq technique with some gene expression missing (2/8 genes). However, it will be feasible to use RNA-seq techniques to contribute to genomic medicine at single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbo Xu
- Department of Computer Science, MCG, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hongliang Hu
- Renji Hospital of Shanghai, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Biaoru Li
- Department of Pediatrics, MCG, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Zhang W, Ding J, Qu Y, Hu H, Lin M, Datta A, Larson A, Liu GE, Li B. Genomic expression analysis by single-cell mRNA differential display of quiescent CD8 T cells from tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes obtained from in vivo liver tumours. Immunology 2009; 127:83-90. [PMID: 18778280 PMCID: PMC2678184 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a genomic study combining single-cell mRNA differential display and RNA subtractive hybridization to elucidate CD8 T-cell quiescence/ignorance. By comparing actively maintained quiescent CD8 T cells from liver tumour tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with quiescent T cells at the single-cell level, we identified differentially expressed candidate genes by high-throughput screening and comparative analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). While genes for the T-cell receptor, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and perforin were down-regulated, key genes such as Tob, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, lung Krüpple-like factor (LKLF), Sno-A, Ski, Myc, Ets-2 repressor factor (ERF) and RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST/NRSF) complex were highly expressed in the quiescent TIL CD8 cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) further confirmed these results. A regulation model is proposed for actively maintained quiescence in CD8 T cells, including three components: up-regulation of the TGF-beta pathway, a shift in the MYC web and inhibition of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineCleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jianqing Ding
- Rush Medical College, Rush UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Second Medical universityShanghai, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineCleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hongliang Hu
- Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Second Medical universityShanghai, China
| | - Meihua Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineCleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amit Datta
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineCleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alan Larson
- Rush Medical College, Rush UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - George E Liu
- USDA, ARS, ANRI, Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC) – EastBeltsville, MD, USA
| | - Biaoru Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineCleveland, OH, USA
- Rush Medical College, Rush UniversityChicago, IL, USA
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Kerkvliet NI. AHR-mediated immunomodulation: the role of altered gene transcription. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 77:746-60. [PMID: 19100241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is a sensitive target for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-mediated transcriptional regulation. Most of the cells that participate in immune responses express AHR protein, and many genes involved in their responses contain multiple DRE sequences in their promoters. However, the potential involvement of many of these candidate genes in AHR-mediated immunomodulation has never been investigated. Many obstacles to understanding the transcriptional effects of AHR activation exist, owing to the complexities of pathogen-driven inflammatory and adaptive immune responses, and to the fact that activation of AHR often influences the expression of genes that are already being regulated by other transcriptional events in responding cells. Studies with TCDD as the most potent, non-metabolized AHR ligand indicate that AHR activation alters many inflammatory signals that shape the adaptive immune response, contributing to altered differentiation of antigen-specific CD4(+) T helper (TH) cells and altered adaptive immune responses. With TCDD, most adaptive immune responses are highly suppressed, which has been recently linked to the AHR-dependent induction of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. However activation of AHR by certain non-TCDD ligands may result in other immune outcomes, as a result of metabolism of the ligand to active metabolites or to unknown ligand-specific effects on AHR-mediated gene transcription. Based on studies using AHR(-/-) mice, evidence for a role of endogenous AHR ligands in regulation of the immune response is growing, with bilirubin and lipoxinA4 representing two promising candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy I Kerkvliet
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Mempel M, Ronet C, Lemaitre F, Lim A, Kourilsky P, Gachelin G, Musette P. The intratumoral application of poly-G-oligodeoxynucleotides does not augment the naturally induced antitumoral CD8-T-cell response in P815 mastocytomas. Immunol Lett 2003; 89:47-57. [PMID: 12946864 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(03)00111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA sequences containing CpG have been described to induce a strong immune reaction by acting on a variety of immune cells including a strong and pronounced antitumoral response. Poly-G-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on the other hand have been attributed the preferential induction of CD8-T-cell proliferation when used in vitro. This activity led us to the investigation of the possible antitumoral properties of poly-G-ODNs in an established CD8-dependent tumor eradication model. We used the well described poly-G-ODN 1628 in its capacity to enhance antitumoral CD8 response in the cutaneous mastocytoma P815. When injecting 30 microg of the purified phosphothioate-modified oligo into the tumor bearing area of P815 challenged mice for up to 12 consecutive days we did not observe increased tumor rejection as compared to the group of mice injected with a control oligo. The 1628-injected mice did not produce higher numbers of P815-specific CD8 cells as measured by P1A-, and P1E-tetramer staining and Immunoscope analysis. Furthermore, tumor-specific CD8 cells in 1628 did not show enhanced antitumoral cytotoxicity when analyzing lymphocyte-tumor cell co-cultures or transcription of the cytotoxic CD8-cell associated molecules interferon gamma, FAS ligand, perforin, or granzyme B by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. These experiments show that there is no enhanced induction of an antitumoral CD8 response after in situ administration of poly-G-ODNs in the P815 mastocytoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mempel
- Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, INSERM U277, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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Current Awareness on Comparative and Functional Genomics. Comp Funct Genomics 2001. [PMCID: PMC2447210 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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