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Graziosi A, Sita G, Corrieri C, Angelini S, d’Emmanuele di Villa Bianca R, Mitidieri E, Sorrentino R, Hrelia P, Morroni F. Effects of Subtoxic Concentrations of Atrazine, Cypermethrin, and Vinclozolin on microRNA-Mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314538. [PMID: 36498866 PMCID: PMC9737829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are different natural and synthetic chemicals that may interfere with several mechanisms of the endocrine system producing adverse developmental, metabolic, reproductive, and neurological effects in both human beings and wildlife. Among pesticides, numerous chemicals have been identified as EDCs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate gene expression, making fine adjustments in mRNA abundance and regulating proteostasis. We hypothesized that exposure to low doses of atrazine, cypermethrin, and vinclozolin may lead to effects on miRNA expression in SH-SY5Y cells. In particular, the exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to subtoxic concentrations of vinclozolin is able to downregulate miR-29b-3p expression leading to the increase in the related gene expression of ADAM12 and CDK6, which may promote a pro-oncogenic response through the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and counteracting p53 activity. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of EDCs could provide important insight into their role in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Graziosi
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology—FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Sita
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology—FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Corrieri
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology—FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology—FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Emma Mitidieri
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Study of Naples—Federico II, via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Study of Naples—Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology—FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-209-1798
| | - Fabiana Morroni
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology—FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Vo NTK. The sine qua non of the fish invitrome today and tomorrow in environmental radiobiology. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 98:1025-1033. [PMID: 32816609 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1812761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fish cell lines, collectively referred to as the fish invitrome, are useful diagnostic tools to study radiation impacts on aquatic health and elucidate radiation mechanisms in fish. This paper will highlight the advantages, discuss the challenges, and propose possible future directions for uses of the fish invitrome in the field of environmental radiobiology. The fish invitrome contains at least 714 fish cell lines. However, only a few of these cell lines have been used to study radiation biology in fish and they represent only 10 fish species. The fish invitrome is clearly not yet explored for its full potential in radiation biology. Evidence suggests that they are useful and, in some cases, irreplaceable in making underlying theories and fundamental concepts in radiation responses in fish. The debate of whether environmental radiation is harmful, presents risks, has no effect on health, or is beneficial is on-going and is one that fish cell lines can help address in a time-effective fashion. Any information obtained with fish cell lines is useful in the framework of environment radiation risk assessments. Radiation threats to aquatic health will continue due to the very likely rise of nuclear energy and medicine in the future. The fish invitrome, in theory, lives forever and can meet new challenges at any given time to provide diagnostic risk analyses pertaining to aquatic health and environmental radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T K Vo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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3
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Sarasamma S, Lai YH, Liang ST, Liu K, Hsiao CD. The Power of Fish Models to Elucidate Skin Cancer Pathogenesis and Impact the Discovery of New Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3929. [PMID: 30544544 PMCID: PMC6321611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models play important roles in investigating the pathobiology of cancer, identifying relevant pathways, and developing novel therapeutic tools. Despite rapid progress in the understanding of disease mechanisms and technological advancement in drug discovery, negative trial outcomes are the most frequent incidences during a Phase III trial. Skin cancer is a potential life-threatening disease in humans and might be medically futile when tumors metastasize. This explains the low success rate of melanoma therapy amongst other malignancies. In the past decades, a number of skin cancer models in fish that showed a parallel development to the disease in humans have provided important insights into the fundamental biology of skin cancer and future treatment methods. With the diversity and breadth of advanced molecular genetic tools available in fish biology, fish skin cancer models will continue to be refined and expanded to keep pace with the rapid development of skin cancer research. This review begins with a brief introduction of molecular characteristics of skin cancers, followed by an overview of teleost models that have been used in the last decades in melanoma research. Next, we will detail the importance of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) animal model and other emerging fish models including platyfish (Xiphophorus sp.), and medaka (Oryzias latipes) in future cutaneous malignancy studies. The last part of this review provides the recent development and genome editing applications of skin cancer models in zebrafish and the progress in small molecule screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Sarasamma
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Heng Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Tzu Liang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China.
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Taiwan Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
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4
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Liao PH, Yang WK, Yang CH, Lin CH, Hwang CC, Chen PJ. Illicit drug ketamine induces adverse effects from behavioral alterations and oxidative stress to p53-regulated apoptosis in medaka fish under environmentally relevant exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:1062-1071. [PMID: 29146197 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With increasing problems of drug abuse worldwide, aquatic ecosystems are contaminated by human pharmaceuticals from the discharge of hospital or municipal effluent. However, ecotoxicity data and related toxic mechanism for neuroactive controlled or illicit drugs are still lacking, so assessing the associated hazardous risk is difficult. This study aims to investigate the behavioral changes, oxidative stress, gene expression and neurotoxic or apoptosis effect(s) in larvae of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) with environmentally relevant exposures of ketamine (KET) solutions for 1-14 days. KET exposure at an environmentally relevant concentration (0.004 μM) to 40 μM conferred specific patterns in larval swimming behavior during 24 h. At 14 days, such exposure induced dose- and/or time-dependent alteration on reactive oxygen species induction, the activity of antioxidants catalase and superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase and malondialdehyde contents in fish bodies. KET-induced oxidative stress disrupted the expression of acetylcholinesterase and p53-regulated apoptosis pathways and increased caspase expression in medaka larvae. The toxic responses of medaka larvae, in terms of chemical effects, were qualitatively analogous to those of zebrafish and mammals. Our results implicate a toxicological impact of waterborne KET on fish development and human health, for potential ecological risks of directly releasing neuroactive drugs-containing wastewater into the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Han Liao
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kai Yang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsin Yang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hon Lin
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chu Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Guo H, Fu X, Lin Q, Liu L, Liang H, Huang Z, Li N, Su J. Mandarin fish p53: Genomic structure, alternatively spliced variant and its mRNA expression after virus challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:536-544. [PMID: 28923524 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of size variants of the p53 protein have been described in mammal, but little is known about alternative splicing of p53 expression and function in the fish. In our previous study, the immune defense and antiviral responses of p53 had been determined in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). However, the role of its splicing variants remains unknown. In the present study, the organization of mandarin fish p53 (Sc-p53) genome sequence was determined and a novel splice variant was characterized. The Sc-p53 genomic sequence was composed of 5543 bp, containing 11 exons and 10 introns, which was similar to other species. Then, a 1106 bp full-length cDNA of a novel splice variant p53 from mandarin fish (designed as Sc-p53I6) was cloned and characterized. Quantitative real-time PCR assays revealed that Sc-p53I6 was expressed in all tissues examined, and it was most abundant in the gill, hemocyte and hind kidney. Western blotting analysis revealed that Sc-p53I6 protein was abundant in liver, trunk kidney, hind kidney, stomach and heart. In addition, the regulation of Sc-p53I6 gene expression after virus infection was determined and characterized. The results showed twice rise expression pattern of Sc-p53I6 in CPB cells and spleen of mandarin fish in response to infectious kidney and spleen necrosis virus (ISKNV). However, a different expression pattern, once rise, of Sc-p53I6 in response to Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV) infection was found. The mRNA expression of Sc-p53I6 was significantly up-regulated in CPB at 4 h and spleen of mandarin fish at 12 h post-infection. These results will shed a new light on antiviral response mechanisms of p53 in mandarin fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhi Guo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Provinces, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Xiaozhe Fu
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Provinces, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Provinces, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Provinces, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Hongru Liang
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Provinces, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Provinces, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Ningqiu Li
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Provinces, Guangzhou 510380, China.
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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6
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Yuan L, Lv B, Zha J, Wang Z. Benzo[a]pyrene induced p53-mediated cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis pathways in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:979-988. [PMID: 27323304 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The p53 pathways play an important role in carcinogenesis. In mammals, p53 and p53 target genes have been extensively studied, but little is known about their functions and regulation in fish. In this study, the cDNA fragments of p53 network genes, including p53, p21, mdm2, gadd45α, gadd45β, igfbp-3, and bax, were cloned from Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). These genes displayed high amino acid sequence identities with their zebrafish orthologs. The mRNA levels of p53 network genes and pathological changes in the liver were determined after adult rare minnow were exposed to 0.4, 2, and 10 µg/L of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) for 28 days. The results showed that p53, p21, mdm2, gadd45α, and bax mRNA expressions in the livers from males and females were significantly upregulated compared with those of the controls (p < 0.05), but gadd45β and igfbp-3 expression was not significantly changed. Microphotographs revealed enlargement of the cell nuclei and cellular degeneration in males, while atrophy and vacuolization of hepatocytes were observed in females (10 µg/L). These results suggested that BaP induced liver DNA repair and apoptosis pathways and caused adverse pathological changes in rare minnow. The strongly responsive p53 network genes in the livers suggest that rare minnow is suitable as an experimental fish to screen environmental carcinogens. In addition, the p53 network genes in rare minnow could feasibly be used to identify the mechanism of environmental carcinogenesis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 979-988, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Biping Lv
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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7
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Kneitz S, Mishra RR, Chalopin D, Postlethwait J, Warren WC, Walter RB, Schartl M. Germ cell and tumor associated piRNAs in the medaka and Xiphophorus melanoma models. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:357. [PMID: 27183847 PMCID: PMC4869193 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A growing number of studies report an abnormal expression of Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and the piRNA processing enzyme Piwi in many cancers. Whether this finding is an epiphenomenon of the chaotic molecular biology of the fast dividing, neoplastically transformed cells or is functionally relevant to tumorigenesisis is difficult to discern at present. To better understand the role of piRNAs in cancer development small laboratory fish models can make a valuable contribution. However, little is known about piRNAs in somatic and neoplastic tissues of fish. Results To identify piRNA clusters that might be involved in melanoma pathogenesis, we use several transgenic lines of medaka, and platyfish/swordtail hybrids, which develop various types of melanoma. In these tumors Piwi, is expressed at different levels, depending on tumor type. To quantify piRNA levels, whole piRNA populations of testes and melanomas of different histotypes were sequenced. Because no reference piRNA cluster set for medaka or Xiphophorus was yet available we developed a software pipeline to detect piRNA clusters in our samples and clusters were selected that were enriched in one or more samples. We found several loci to be overexpressed or down-regulated in different melanoma subtypes as compared to hyperpigmented skin. Furthermore, cluster analysis revealed a clear distinction between testes, low-grade and high-grade malignant melanoma in medaka. Conclusions Our data imply that dysregulation of piRNA expression may be associated with development of melanoma. Our results also reinforce the importance of fish as a suitable model system to study the role of piRNAs in tumorigenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2697-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kneitz
- Physiological Chemistry I, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Rasmi R Mishra
- Physiological Chemistry I, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - John Postlethwait
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1425 E. 13th Avenue, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Wesley C Warren
- Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Blvd., St Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Ronald B Walter
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 419 Centennial Hall, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Physiological Chemistry I, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, Josef Schneider Straße 6, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Texas Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
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8
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Tu TY, Hong CY, Sasado T, Kashiwada S, Chen PJ. Early life exposure to a rodent carcinogen propiconazole fungicide induces oxidative stress and hepatocarcinogenesis in medaka fish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 170:52-61. [PMID: 26619215 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Conazole pollution is an emerging concern to human health and environmental safety because of the broad use of conazole fungicides in agriculture and medicine and their frequent occurrence in aquifers. The agricultural pesticide propiconazole has received much regulatory interest because it is a known rodent carcinogen with evidence of multiple adverse effects in mammals and non-targeted organisms. However, the carcinogenic effect and associated mechanism of propiconazole in fish under microgram-per-liter levels of environmental-relevant exposure remains unclear. To explore whether early life of propiconzaole exposure would induce oxidative stress and latent carcinogenic effects in fish, we continuously exposed larvae of wild type or p53(-/-) mutant of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) to propiconazole (2.5-250μg/L) for 3, 7, 14 or 28 days and assessed liver histopathology and/or the oxidative stress response and gene expression during exposure and throughout adulthood. Propiconazole dose-dependently induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, altered homeostasis of antioxidant superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase and caused lipid and protein peroxidation during early life exposure in wild type medaka. Such exposure also significantly upregulated gene expression of the cytochrome P450 CYP1A, but marginally suppressed that of tumor suppressor p53 in adults. Furthermore, histopathology revealed that p53(-/-) mutant medaka with early life exposure to propiconazole showed increased incidence of hepatocarcionogensis, as compared to the p53(-/-) control group and wild type strain. We demonstrated that propiconazole can initiate ROS-mediated oxidative stress and induce hepatic tumorigenesis associated with CYP1A- and/or p53 -mediated pathways with the use of wild type and p53(-/-) mutant of medaka fish. The toxic response of medaka to propiconazole is compatible with that observed in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yi Tu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Yang Hong
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takao Sasado
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shosaku Kashiwada
- Research Center for Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, the Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Pei-Jen Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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9
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Yu S, Tang S, Mayer GD, Cobb GP, Maul JD. Interactive effects of ultraviolet-B radiation and pesticide exposure on DNA photo-adduct accumulation and expression of DNA damage and repair genes in Xenopus laevis embryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 159:256-266. [PMID: 25569846 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide use and ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation have both been suggested to adversely affect amphibians; however, little is known about their interactive effects. One potential adverse interaction could involve pesticide-induced dysregulation of DNA repair pathways, resulting in greater numbers of DNA photo-adducts from UVB exposure. In the present study, we investigated the interactive effects of UVB radiation and two common pesticides (endosulfan and α-cypermethrin) on induction of DNA photo-adducts and expression of DNA damage and repair related genes in African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) embryos. We examined 13 genes that are, collectively, involved in stress defense, cell cycle arrest, nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair, mismatch repair, DNA repair regulation, and apoptosis. We exposed X. laevis embryos to 0, 25, and 50 μg/L endosulfan or 0, 2.5, and 5.0 μg/L α-cypermethrin for 96 h, with environmentally relevant exposures of UVB radiation during the last 7 h of the 96 h exposure. We measured the amount of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and mRNA abundance of the 13 genes among treatments including control, pesticide only, UVB only, and UVB and pesticide co-exposures. Each of the co-exposure scenarios resulted in elevated CPD levels compared to UVB exposure alone, suggesting an inhibitory effect of endosulfan and α-cypermethrin on CPD repair. This is attributed to results indicating that α-cypermethrin and endosulfan reduced mRNA abundance of XPA and HR23B, respectively, to levels that may affect the initial recognition of DNA lesions. In contrast, both pesticides increased transcript abundance of CSA and MUTL. In addition, mRNA abundance of HSP70 and GADD45α were increased by endosulfan and mRNA abundance of XPG was increased by α-cypermethrin. XPC, HR23B, XPG, and GADD45α exhibited elevated mRNA concentrations whereas there was a reduction in MUTL transcript concentrations in UVB-alone treatments. It appeared that even though expression of XPC and CSA were induced by exposure to UVB or pesticides, XPA was the limiting factor in the NER pathway. Our results suggest that pesticides may increase the accumulation of UVB-induced DNA photo-adducts and one likely mechanism is the alteration of critical NER gene expression. The present study provides important implications for evaluating the combined risks of pesticide usage and potentially increasing UVB radiation in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangying Yu
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, 1207 S. Gilbert Dr., Lubbock, TX 79416, USA.
| | - Song Tang
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, 1207 S. Gilbert Dr., Lubbock, TX 79416, USA.
| | - Gregory D Mayer
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, 1207 S. Gilbert Dr., Lubbock, TX 79416, USA.
| | - George P Cobb
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
| | - Jonathan D Maul
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, 1207 S. Gilbert Dr., Lubbock, TX 79416, USA.
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Echogenicity as a surrogate for bioresorbable everolimus-eluting scaffold degradation: analysis at 1-, 3-, 6-, 12- 18, 24-, 30-, 36- and 42-month follow-up in a porcine model. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 31:471-82. [PMID: 25627777 PMCID: PMC4368838 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-015-0591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study is to validate intravascular quantitative echogenicity as a surrogate for molecular weight assessment of poly-l-lactide-acid (PLLA) bioresorbable scaffold (Absorb BVS, Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, California). We analyzed at 9 time points (from 1- to 42-month follow-up) a population of 40 pigs that received 97 Absorb scaffolds. The treated regions were analyzed by echogenicity using adventitia as reference, and were categorized as more (hyperechogenic or upperechogenic) or less bright (hypoechogenic) than the reference. The volumes of echogenicity categories were correlated with the measurements of molecular weight (Mw) by gel permeation chromatography. Scaffold struts appeared as high echogenic structures. The quantification of grey level intensity in the scaffold-vessel compartment had strong correlation with the scaffold Mw: hyperechogenicity (correlation coefficient = 0.75; P < 0.01), upperechogenicity (correlation coefficient = 0.63; P < 0.01) and hyper + upperechogenicity (correlation coefficient = 0.78; P < 0.01). In the linear regression, the R2 for high echogenicity and Mw was 0.57 for the combination of hyper and upper echogenicity. IVUS high intensity grey level quantification is correlated to Absorb BVS residual molecular weight and can be used as a surrogate for the monitoring of the degradation of semi-crystalline polymers scaffolds.
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Chen S, Zhang G, Shao C, Huang Q, Liu G, Zhang P, Song W, An N, Chalopin D, Volff JN, Hong Y, Li Q, Sha Z, Zhou H, Xie M, Yu Q, Liu Y, Xiang H, Wang N, Wu K, Yang C, Zhou Q, Liao X, Yang L, Hu Q, Zhang J, Meng L, Jin L, Tian Y, Lian J, Yang J, Miao G, Liu S, Liang Z, Yan F, Li Y, Sun B, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Du M, Zhao Y, Schartl M, Tang Q, Wang J. Whole-genome sequence of a flatfish provides insights into ZW sex chromosome evolution and adaptation to a benthic lifestyle. Nat Genet 2014; 46:253-60. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.2890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Wang TT, Wang N, Liao XL, Meng L, Liu Y, Chen SL. Cloning, molecular characterization and expression analysis of heat shock cognate 70 (Hsc70) cDNA from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:1377-1386. [PMID: 23543141 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As an essential member of the HSP70 family, heat shock cognate 70 (Hsc70) is a constitutively expressed molecular chaperone involved in protein metabolism. In this paper, turbot Hsc70 was cloned and the expression profile was also analyzed. The full-length cDNA of the turbot Hsc70 was 2,292 bp in length, including a 113-bp 5' UTR, a 223-bp 3' UTR and a 1,956-bp open reading frame coding a protein with 651 amino acid residues. Comparison of amino acid sequence revealed the existence of three classical HSP70 family signature motifs, a signature nonapeptide and one repeat of tetrapeptide in turbot Hsc70. The turbot Hsc70-deduced amino acids sequence exhibited 75.4-96.8 % homology with Hsp70s/Hsc70s of 24 other known sequences. In particular, the strongest homology was found with the cognate members of Hsc70 subfamily and the highest identity was found with Japanese flounder Hsc70. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that turbot Hsc70 transcripts were stably expressed in all tested tissues under normal physiological condition, while the expression levels also increased (~1.5-fold to ~threefold) after heat shock and bacterial infection. In addition, Hsc70 transcripts were detected throughout embryonic development and in turbot embryonic cell line (TEC) in the absence of any stress. Meanwhile, it was also heat inducible, but not cold inducible in TEC. These results suggest that Hsc70 gene may be involved in embryogenesis and cellular protection events under normal and stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
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13
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p53 gene targeting by homologous recombination in fish ES cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59400. [PMID: 23527183 PMCID: PMC3602087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene targeting (GT) provides a powerful tool for the generation of precise genetic alterations in embryonic stem (ES) cells to elucidate gene function and create animal models for human diseases. This technology has, however, been limited to mouse and rat. We have previously established ES cell lines and procedures for gene transfer and selection for homologous recombination (HR) events in the fish medaka (Oryzias latipes). Methodology and Principal Findings Here we report HR-mediated GT in this organism. We designed a GT vector to disrupt the tumor suppressor gene p53 (also known as tp53). We show that all the three medaka ES cell lines, MES1∼MES3, are highly proficient for HR, as they produced detectable HR without drug selection. Furthermore, the positive-negative selection (PNS) procedure enhanced HR by ∼12 folds. Out of 39 PNS-resistant colonies analyzed, 19 (48.7%) were positive for GT by PCR genotyping. When 11 of the PCR-positive colonies were further analyzed, 6 (54.5%) were found to be bona fide homologous recombinants by Southern blot analysis, sequencing and fluorescent in situ hybridization. This produces a high efficiency of up to 26.6% for p53 GT under PNS conditions. We show that p53 disruption and long-term propagation under drug selection conditions do not compromise the pluripotency, as p53-targeted ES cells retained stable growth, undifferentiated phenotype, pluripotency gene expression profile and differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that medaka ES cells are proficient for HR-mediated GT, offering a first model organism of lower vertebrates towards the development of full ES cell-based GT technology.
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14
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Ruiz P, Orbea A, Rotchell JM, Cajaraville MP. Transcriptional responses of cancer-related genes in turbot Scophthalmus maximus and mussels Mytilus edulis exposed to heavy fuel oil no. 6 and styrene. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:820-31. [PMID: 22307397 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent spills in European waters have released polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, important components of heavy fuel oil, and the hydrocarbon styrene. Heavy fuel oil and styrene are classified as potentially genotoxic and carcinogenic. Here we investigate transcription of genes involved in cancer development in the liver of juvenile turbots and in the digestive gland of mussels exposed to heavy fuel oil and to styrene and after a recovery period. In turbot, oil produced a significant up-regulation of p53 and gadd45α after 14 days exposure. cyclin G1 was up-regulated after 7 days treatment with styrene. In mussels, ras was down-regulated in both treatments after the recovery periods. No mutations in ras hotspots were detected in exposed mussels. gadd45α was up-regulated after the recovery period of the styrene experiment. Overall, transcriptional responses differed in mussels compared to turbot. Turbot responded to hydrocarbon exposure by triggering cell cycle arrest (p53) and DNA repair (gadd45α).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Ruiz
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
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15
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Liu M, Tee C, Zeng F, Sherry JP, Dixon B, Bols NC, Duncker BP. Characterization of p53 expression in rainbow trout. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 154:326-32. [PMID: 21767662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The tumour suppressor protein p53 is a critical component of cell cycle checkpoint responses. It upregulates the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in response to DNA damage and other cellular perturbations, and promotes apoptosis when DNA repair pathways are overwhelmed. Given the high incidence of p53 mutations in human cancers, it has been extensively studied, though only a small fraction of these investigations have been in non-mammalian systems. For the present study, an anti-rainbow trout p53 polyclonal antibody was generated. A variety of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) tissues and cell lines were examined through western blot analysis of cellular protein extracts, which revealed relatively high p53 levels in brain and gills. To evaluate the checkpoint response of rainbow trout p53, RTbrain-W1 and RTgill-W1 cell lines were exposed to varying concentrations of the DNA damaging agent bleomycin and ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor hydroxyurea. In contrast to mammals, these checkpoint-inducing agents provoked no apparent increase in rainbow trout p53 levels. These results infer the presence of alternate DNA damage checkpoint mechanisms in rainbow trout cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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16
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Cloning, recombinant expression and purification ofturbot ( Scophthalmus maximus) mature IGF-I. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1231.2010.06155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Chen SL, Liu Y, Dong XL, Meng L. Cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of a CC chemokine gene from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2010; 36:147-155. [PMID: 20467856 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-008-9218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The chemokines are a superfamily of chemotactic cytokines playing an important role in leukocyte chemotaxis. Here, a turbot head kidney cDNA library was constructed in which KC70 was identified as a CC chemokine. Unknown 5' and 3' parts of the cDNA were amplified by 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The complete cDNA of KC70 contains a 59-bp 5' UTR, a 336-bp ORF, and a 152-bp 3' UTR. Four exons and three introns were identified in KC70. Phylogenetic analysis showed that KC70 was similar to CCL19. In normal turbot KC70 was expressed in all tissues except brain and skin. Infection of turbot with pathogenic bacteria significantly increased expression of KC70 in the liver. Expression of KC70 in head kidney first increased and then decreased after bacterial challenge. No significant change was observed in the spleen after bacterial challenge. During embryonic development, KC70 was highly expressed after the gastrula stage. These results indicated KC70 plays important and multiple roles in turbot immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Chen
- Key Lab for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266071, China.
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18
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Medaka fish stem cells and their applications. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2010; 53:426-34. [PMID: 20596908 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-010-0079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are present in developing embryos and adult tissues of multicellular organisms. Owing to their unique features, stem cells provide excellent opportunities for experimental analyses of basic developmental processes such as pluripotency control and cell fate decision and for regenerative medicine by stem cell-based therapy. Stem cell cultures have been best studied in 3 vertebrate organisms. These are the mouse, human and a small laboratory fish called medaka. Specifically, medaka has given rise to the first embryonic stem (ES) cells besides the mouse, the first adult testis-derived male stem cells spermatogonia capable of test-tube sperm production, and most recently, even haploid ES cells capable of producing Holly, a semi-cloned fertile female medaka from a mosaic oocyte created by microinjecting a haploid ES cell nucleus directly into a normal oocyte. These breakthroughs make medaka a favoring vertebrate model for stem cell research, the topic of this review.
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19
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Zeng Z, Richardson J, Verduzco D, Mitchell DL, Patton EE. Zebrafish have a competent p53-dependent nucleotide excision repair pathway to resolve ultraviolet B-induced DNA damage in the skin. Zebrafish 2009; 6:405-15. [PMID: 20047468 PMCID: PMC2804931 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2009.0611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light is a primary environmental risk factor for melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer derived from the pigmented cells called melanocytes. UVB irradiation causes DNA damage, mainly in the form of pyrimidine dimers (cis-syn cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts), and organisms have developed complex multiprotein repair processes to cope with the DNA damage. Zebrafish is becoming an important model system to study the effects of UV light in animals, in part because the embryos are easily treated with UV irradiation, and the DNA damage repair pathways appear to be conserved in zebrafish and mammals. We are interested in exploring the effects of UV irradiation in young adult zebrafish, so that we can apply them to the study of gene-environment interactions in models of skin cancer. Using the Xiphophorus UV melanoma model as a starting point, we have developed a UV irradiation treatment chamber, and established UV treatment conditions at different ages of development. By translating the Xiphophorus UV treatment methodology to the zebrafish system, we show that the adult zebrafish skin is competent for nucleotide excision DNA damage repair, and that like in mammalian cells, UV treatment promotes phosphorylation of H2AX and a p53-dependent response. These studies provide the groundwork for exploring the role of UV light in melanoma development in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zeng
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Richardson
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Verduzco
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - David L. Mitchell
- Science Park/Research Division, Department of Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas
| | - E. Elizabeth Patton
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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20
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Rotchell JM, du Corbier FA, Stentiford GD, Lyons BP, Liddle AR, Ostrander GK. A novel population health approach: Using fish retinoblastoma gene profiles as a surrogate for humans. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:134-40. [PMID: 18835587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma, a tumor suppressor gene, is frequently mutated in diverse types of human tumors. We have previously shown that two types of fish tumor, eye and liver, also possess mutant Rb genes. Our aim is to determine if the Rb allele status is linked to environmentally-induced cancer and whether this information in fish can be used to predict future phenotype. This is a proof-of-concept investigation to elucidate if fish may act as surrogates in assessing pollution-induced tumor incidence and inform regulatory authorities of potential long-term population health consequences. Marine flatfish, Limanda limanda, that display either normal liver histopathology, liver adenoma or liver hepatocellular carcinoma were analysed for the presence of Rb gene alterations. Several Rb alterations were detected in the fish displaying adenoma and carcinoma, and not in the surrounding normal tissue from the same individuals. The profile is similar to that reported in humans in that they spread across the gene, particularly exons 8-23, and a functionally important region of the protein. This Rb allele data was then used to build statistical classifier sets, linking Rb status with tumor pathology. Further flatfish caught from coastal-water areas of differing contaminant burden around the UK were subsequently analysed for the presence of Rb alterations. Using novel pattern matching statistics of the classifier sets compared with the coastal samples, the coastal fish were considered more similar to the characterised disease phenotype than the normal phenotype. Preliminary data suggests that using a statistical approach, based on classifying sets of histopathologically-defined tumor states, makes it possible to predict the phenotype of wild fish based on the status of the Rb allele. Since the Rb gene is orthologous, fish populations could act as surrogates for human populations in an eco-epidemiological investigation of the combined roles of genetics and environmental exposures in the tumorigenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette M Rotchell
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN19QG, UK.
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21
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cDNA cloning, tissues, embryos and larvae expression analysis of Sox10 in half-smooth tongue-sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis. Mar Genomics 2009; 1:109-14. [PMID: 21798161 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A half-smooth tongue-sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis Sox10 (Accession no.: EU070763) was isolated from brain of tongue sole by using homologous cloning and RACE method. The complete cDNA of the tongue sole Sox10 contains a 35 bp 5'UTR, a 1338 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 445 amino acids and a 1155 bp 3'UTR. A condensed phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the amino acid sequences of tongue sole Sox10 and other well-defined vertebrate Sox. The overall topology of the tree showed the tongue sole Sox10 clusters with all Sox10. Alignment of amino acid residues of the tongue sole Sox10 gene with those from other vertebrate indicated high level conservation of amino acid sequence. The RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the tongue sole Sox10 was highly expressed in brain, gills, skin and eyes, intermediately in spleen, heart, head-kidney and muscles, weakly expressed in kidneys and intestine and no expression in liver and gonad. The Sox10 was also expressed weakly in germ cell and zygote. We cannot detect the expression of the Sox10 in 8-cells stage. However it resumed expression weakly from blastula stage to middle of gastrula. And it expressed highly from neurula stage to 25 dah (day after hatching). It suggested that the Sox10 was involved in the development of embryos and larvae in tongue sole.
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22
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Krumschnabel G, Podrabsky JE. Fish as model systems for the study of vertebrate apoptosis. Apoptosis 2008; 14:1-21. [PMID: 19082731 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a process of pivotal importance for multi-cellular organisms and due to its implication in the development of cancer and degenerative disease it is intensively studied in humans and mammalian model systems. Invertebrate models of apoptosis have been well-studied, especially in C. elegans and D. melanogaster, but as these are evolutionarily distant from mammals the relevance of findings for human research is sometimes limited. Presently, a non-mammalian vertebrate model for studying apoptosis is missing. However, in the past few years an increasing number of studies on cell death in fish have been published and thus new model systems may emerge. This review aims at highlighting the most important of these findings, showing similarities and dissimilarities between fish and mammals, and will suggest topics for future research. In addition, the outstanding usefulness of fish as research models will be pointed out, hoping to spark future research on this exciting, often underrated group of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Krumschnabel
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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23
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Lee YM, Rhee JS, Hwang DS, Kim IC, Raisuddin S, Lee JS. p53 gene expression is modulated by endocrine disrupting chemicals in the hermaphroditic fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 147:150-7. [PMID: 17950039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The full-length of cDNA of tumour suppressor gene p53 from the self-fertilizing fish Kryptolebias marmoratus (Km-p53) was determined using molecular cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The Complete cDNA sequences of K. marmoratus (Km-p53) gene was 1.8 kb in length. K. marmoratus p53 amino acid sequence showed a high degree of homology with the sequences from fishes, amphibians, and mammals. Although basal level of expression of Km-p53 mRNA was low, all the studied tissues showed some level of expression. After exposure of K. marmoratus to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, and 4-tert-octylphenol, Km-p53 expression was significantly increased within 3 h of exposure in juveniles. However, expression was down-regulated by exposure to most of the EDCs when measured at 96 h in adult fish. In adult fish, suppressive effect of EDCs was more pronounced in liver as compared to other tissues. These findings suggest that Km-p53 gene would be involved in cellular defense mechanism in early stage of exposure to EDCs and long-term exposure may suppress its expression. It may be possible that the suppression of p53 by EDCs may predispose the host to environmental chemical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, and the National Research Lab of Marine Molecular and Environmental Bioscience, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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24
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Liu Y, Chen SL, Meng L, Zhang YX. Cloning, characterization and expression analysis of a novel CXC chemokine from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 23:711-20. [PMID: 17604647 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2007.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Revised: 12/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines represent a superfamily of chemotactic cytokines playing an important role in leucocyte chemotaxis. Here we report a novel turbot CXC chemokine screened from a turbot spleen cDNA library. The complete cDNA of the turbot CXC chemokine contains an 81bp 5' UTR, a 414bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 137 amino acids and a 449bp 3' UTR. Four exons and three introns are identified in the turbot CXC chemokine gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the turbot CXC chemokine clustered apart from all other CXC chemokines. RT-PCR demonstrated that turbot CXC chemokine was expressed highly in spleen and head kidney. During the early stages of embryo development after fertilization, it appears that low expression level of turbot CXC chemokine was firstly observed at somites stage. Interestingly, the turbot chemokine was highly and rapidly (5h) induced in liver, spleen and head kidney of turbot after challenge with Vibrio anguillarum. Furthermore, the expression of CXC chemokine was also dramatically increased after challenge in turbot embryonic cells (TECs). These results indicated that the turbot CXC chemokine played an important role in turbot immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Key Lab For Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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25
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Taniguchi Y, Takeda S, Furutani-Seiki M, Kamei Y, Todo T, Sasado T, Deguchi T, Kondoh H, Mudde J, Yamazoe M, Hidaka M, Mitani H, Toyoda A, Sakaki Y, Plasterk RHA, Cuppen E. Generation of medaka gene knockout models by target-selected mutagenesis. Genome Biol 2007; 7:R116. [PMID: 17156454 PMCID: PMC1794429 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2006-7-12-r116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Revised: 11/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A reverse genetics approach for the routine generation of medaka (Oryzias latipes) gene knockouts is described and applied to create a cryopreserved resource containing knockouts for most medaka genes. We have established a reverse genetics approach for the routine generation of medaka (Oryzias latipes) gene knockouts. A cryopreserved library of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenized fish was screened by high-throughput resequencing for induced point mutations. Nonsense and splice site mutations were retrieved for the Blm, Sirt1, Parkin and p53 genes and functional characterization of p53 mutants indicated a complete knockout of p53 function. The current cryopreserved resource is expected to contain knockouts for most medaka genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Taniguchi
- Department of Radiation Genetics, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Laboratory, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Laboratory, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Furutani-Seiki
- Kondoh Differentiation Signaling Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Yoshida-kawaramachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8305, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Department of Mutagenesis, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Todo
- Department of Mutagenesis, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takao Sasado
- Kondoh Differentiation Signaling Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Yoshida-kawaramachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8305, Japan
| | - Tomonori Deguchi
- Kondoh Differentiation Signaling Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Yoshida-kawaramachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8305, Japan
| | - Hisato Kondoh
- Kondoh Differentiation Signaling Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Yoshida-kawaramachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8305, Japan
| | - Josine Mudde
- Hubrecht Laboratory, Uppsalalaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mitsuyoshi Yamazoe
- Department of Radiation Genetics, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Laboratory, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hidaka
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sakaki
- The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Edwin Cuppen
- Hubrecht Laboratory, Uppsalalaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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26
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Chen SL, Zhang YX, Xu JY, Meng L, Sha ZX, Ren GC. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of natural resistance associated macrophage protein (Nramp) cDNA from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 147:29-37. [PMID: 17317252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Revised: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nramp (natural resistance associated macrophage protein) has been identified as one of the major candidate genes for controlling natural resistance and/or susceptibility to intracellular pathogens in vertebrates. However, few reports are available about the structure and function of Nramp in teleost. We have recently isolated the cDNA encoding Nramp from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). The full-length cDNA of the Nramp is 2584 bp in length, including 69 bp 5' terminal UTR, 850 bp 3' terminal UTR and 1665 bp open reading frame for a protein with 554 amino acid residues (Genbank accession number: DQ263240). Comparison of amino acid sequence indicated that turbot Nramp consists of 12 transmembrane regions (TM) domains. A consensus transport motif (CTM) containing 20 residues was observed between transmembrane domains 8 and 9. The deduced amino acid sequence of turbot Nramp exhibited between 60 and 92% homology with 13 other vertebrate Nramp sequences. Nramp transcripts were found to be highly abundant in head kidney, kidney and spleen, abundant in intestine and gill, less abundant in liver, brain, heart and gonad, least in muscle and skin. The level of Nramp mRNA in embryos gradually increases during embryogenesis from blastula stage to fry stage. Challenge of turbot with pathogenic bacteria, Vibrio anguillarum, elevated Nramp mRNA levels in liver and spleen. The Nramp transcripts were detected in turbot embryonic cell line (TEC). Challenge of the TEC cell cultures with pathogenic bacteria, V. anguillarum, significantly elevated Nramp mRNA levels in TEC cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Lin Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Key Lab For Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao, China.
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Ye HQ, Chen SL, Xu JY. Molecular cloning and characterization of the Myf5 gene in sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 147:452-9. [PMID: 17395511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 02/25/2007] [Accepted: 02/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The cDNA of myogenic factor (Myf5) was isolated from sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) using Reverse-transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The 5' flanking sequence of the cDNA contains a TATA box, GC box, CAAT box, several E box sites and muscle-specific regulatory elements determined by genome walking. The Myf5 gene consists of 3 exons and 2 introns. The open reading frame was found to code a protein with 238 amino-acid residues, containing the conserved basic helix-loop-helix domain (bHLH). RT-PCR indicated the Myf5 was highly expressed in muscle, and weakly expressed in brain, eyes, spleen, gill, liver, kidney, intestine and heart. In early embryonic stages, Myf5 mRNA transcripts are highly detectable in the early gastrula stage while decreasing up to a low level at the late gastrula stage, subsequently greatly increased up to the highest level in the somites stage, then gradually decreases from the tail-bud stage to 15 d larvae after hatching, but they are still detectable. Further, Myf5 mRNA was expressed in several sea perch cell lines such as LJES1, LJHK, LJH-1, LJH-2, LJS, LJL, although its expression level varied greatly among different cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Ye
- Key Lab For Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266071, China
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Ye HQ, Chen SL, Sha ZX, Liu Y. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of the myostatin gene in sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2007; 9:262-72. [PMID: 17308997 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-006-6093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Accepted: 10/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily that functions as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development and growth in mammals. However, few reports are available about the structure and function of MSTN in teleost. Here, the MSTN gene was cloned from sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) by homology cloning and genomic walking. In the 4873-bp genomic sequence, three exons, two introns, and 5' and 3' flanking sequences were identified. The sea perch MSTN gene encodes a 374-amino acid protein, including a signal peptide, conserved cysteine residues, and a RXXR proteolytic cleavage domain. Expression analysis of MSTN revealed that MSTN was highly expressed in eyes, brain, and muscle; intermediately in intestine; and weakly in gill, spleen, liver, and heart. It was demonstrated that MSTN mRNA was highly expressed in embryonic stem cell line (LJES1), but it was undetectable in several types of somatic cell lines from sea perch, including fibroblast-like cell, epithelioid cell, and lymphocyte-like cell. Further, it was demonstrated that the 5' flanking region of the MSTN gene can drive the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene in LJES1 cells and transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio). This is the first report on the expression profile of MSTN gene in various types of cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Ye
- Key Lab For Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
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Chen SL, Sha ZX, Ye HQ, Liu Y, Tian YS, Hong Y, Tang QS. Pluripotency and chimera competence of an embryonic stem cell line from the sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2007; 9:82-91. [PMID: 17136469 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-006-6050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2006] [Accepted: 07/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A stable GFP-expressing (GFP(+)LJES1) cell strain was developed from the LJES1 cells obtained from sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus,) embryos. GFP(+)LJES1 cells were induced in vitro by RA to differentiate into a variety of cell types and also had the ability to form embryoid body-like structures in suspension culture. To determine the differentiation potential of LJES1 cells in vivo, GFP(+)LJES1 cells were transplanted into sea perch and zebrafish embryos at mid-blastula stage. Twenty out of 478 transplanted sea perch embryos contained GFP-expressing LJES1 cells 24 h after microinjection. Fifteen chimera embryos developed into fry. In these chimeras, the GFP(+)LJES1 cells contributed to a variety of tissues including the head and trunk. In zebrafish, 221 embryos were microinjected with GFP(+)LJES1 cells and 22 chimera embryos and fries expressing GFP were obtained. Donor GFP(+)LJES1 cells contributed to various tissues in head and trunk of zebrafish embryos and hatched fry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Lin Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Key Lab for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Chen SL, Wang ZJ, Xu MY, Gui JF. Molecular identification and expression analysis of natural resistance associated macrophage protein (Nramp) cDNA from Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 20:365-73. [PMID: 15998592 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural resistance associated macrophage protein (Nramp) controls partially innate resistance to intracellular parasites. Its function is to enhance the ability of macrophages to kill pathogens. However, little is known about the structure and function of Nramp in lower vertebrates such as teleosts. We have recently isolated a cDNA encoding Nramp from Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The full-length cDNA of the Nramp is 3066 bp in length, including 224 bp 5' terminal UTR, 1662 bp encoding region and 1180 bp 3' terminal UTR. The 1662-nt open reading frame was found to code for a protein with 554 amino acid residues. Comparison of amino acid sequence indicated that Japanese flounder Nramp consists of 12 transmembrane (TM) domains. A consensus transport motif (CTM) containing 20 residues was observed between transmembrane domains 8 and 9. The deduced amino acid sequence of Japanese flounder had 77.30%, 82.71%, 82.67%, 79.64%, 80.72%, 90.97%, 91.16%, 60.14%, 71.48%, 61.69%, 72.37% identity with that of rainbow trout Nramp alpha and beta, channel catfish Nramp, fathead minnow Nramp, common carp Nramp, striped sea bass Nramp, red sea bream Nramp, mouse Nramp 1 and 2, human Nramp 1 and 2, respectively. RT-PCR indicated that Nramp transcripts were highly abundant in spleen, head kidney, abundant in intestine, liver and gill, and less abundant in heart. The level of Nramp mRNA in embryos gradually increases during embryogenesis from 4 h (8 cell stage) to 80 h (hatched stage) after fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Lin Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Key Lab For Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Chen SL, Xu MY, Ji XS, Yu GC, Liu Y. Cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of hepcidin gene from red sea bream (Chrysophrys major). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:1608-12. [PMID: 15793152 PMCID: PMC1068609 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.4.1608-1612.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A cDNA encoding hepcidin was isolated from a library of cDNA from spleen of red sea bream (Chrysophrys major) by expressed sequence tag analysis. The expression of the hepcidin mRNA in various tissues was examined. Challenge of red sea bream with Escherichia coli DH5alpha elevated hepcidin mRNA levels in spleen, gill, liver, and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Lin Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, 266071 Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
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Min J, Lee SK, Gu MB. Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on distinct expression patterns of estrogen receptor, cytochrome P450 aromatase and p53 genes in oryzias latipes liver. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2004; 17:272-7. [PMID: 14595849 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.10089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Expression pattern analysis of three genes, i.e., the estrogen receptor (ER), cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19), and p53 genes, in Japanese Medaka liver was studied in the presence of 17beta-estradiol, nonylphenol, and bisphenol A. Using the distinct expression patterns of these three genes, the different transcriptional mechanisms by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and the stability of the transcripts of each gene, were examined. In tests done with both male and female Medaka over 10 days, it was found that each gene had a specific expression pattern. The expression of the ER gene increased rapidly for the first 2 days and then leveled out and maintained a stable expression level, while the CYP19 gene expression showed a fairly consistent increase in the expression levels after exposure. In contrast to both these genes, the p53 gene expression levels reached a maximum value within 2 days and then gradually decreased for the remainder of the experiment. These findings suggest that different expression mechanisms may exist for these genes in Japanese Medaka in response to the presence of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Min
- National Research Laboratory on Environmental Biotechnology, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology (K-JIST); 1 Oryong-dong, Puk-gu, Kwangju 500-712, South Korea
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Béjar J, Hong Y, Schartl M. Mitf expression is sufficient to direct differentiation of medaka blastula derived stem cells to melanocytes. Development 2004; 130:6545-53. [PMID: 14660543 DOI: 10.1242/dev.00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cell lines have provided very useful models to analyse differentiation processes. We present here the development of a differentiation system using ES-like cell lines from medaka. These cells were transfected with the melanocyte specific isoform of the microphtalmia-related transcription factor (Mitf). Mitf is a basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper transcription factor whose M isoform is restricted to neural crest derived melanocytes and is essential for the development of these cells in vertebrates from mammals to fish. What is not clear yet is whether Mitf is a downstream factor or a master regulator of melanocyte commitment and differentiation. Expression of Mitf in the ES-like cells from medaka led to the induction of cells that, by morphology, physiology and gene expression pattern, were confirmed to be fully differentiated pigment cells. Mitf expression is therefore sufficient for the proper differentiation of medaka pluripotent stem cells into melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Béjar
- Physiological Chemistry I, Biocenter of the University Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Cachot J, Flaman JM, Frébourg T, Leboulenger F. The European flounder (Platichthys flesus) TP53 functions as a temperature-sensitive transcription factor which inhibits cell growth in yeast. Gene 2004; 324:97-104. [PMID: 14693375 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2003.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies focus on biological roles of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene in mammals but little is known about the actual function of TP53 in lower vertebrates. In this study, we used an in vivo functional assay in yeast to address the transactivation capacity of the flounder TP53 protein. We showed that the flounder TP53 acts as a sequence-specific transcription factor which is able to transactivate various human promoters containing a p53-responsive element (RE). This transcriptional activity was completely abrogated in the Val147Glu TP53 mutant previously identified in two flounder hepatic hyperplasia. In addition, we showed that the wild-type (wt) flounder TP53 but not the Val147Glu mutant inhibits cell growth when expressed in yeast. We finally reported that transcription regulation and growth inhibition by the wild-type flounder TP53 is temperature-dependent. The flounder TP53 optimal temperature appeared lower than those reported for the Xenopus and human homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cachot
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, University of Le Havre, 25 rue P. Lebon, Le Havre Cedex, France.
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