1
|
Liang M, Huai B, Lin J, Liang X, He H, Bai M, Wu H. Ca2+- and Zn2+-dependent nucleases co-participate in nuclear DNA degradation during programmed cell death in secretory cavity development in Citrus fruits. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad122. [PMID: 37738622 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+)- and zinc Zn2+-dependent nucleases play pivotal roles in plant nuclear DNA degradation in programmed cell death (PCD). However, the mechanisms by which these two nucleases co-participate in PCD-associated nuclear DNA degradation remain unclear. Here, the spatiotemporal expression patterns of two nucleases (CrCAN and CrENDO1) were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively during PCD in secretory cavity formation in Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' fruits. Results show that the middle and late initial cell stages and lumen-forming stages are key stages for nuclear degradation during the secretory cavity development. CAN and ENDO1 exhibited potent in vitro DNA degradation activity at pH 8.0 and pH 5.5, respectively. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization assays, the subcellular localization of Ca2+ and Zn2+, and immunocytochemical localization showed that CrCAN was activated at the middle and late initial cell stages, while CrENDO1 was activated at the late initial cell and lumen-forming stages. Furthermore, we used immunocytochemical double-labelling to simultaneously locate CrCAN and CrENDO1. The DNA degradation activity of the two nucleases was verified by simulating the change of intracellular pH in vitro. Our results also showed that CrCAN and CrENDO1 worked respectively and co-participated in nuclear DNA degradation during PCD of secretory cavity cells. In conclusion, we propose the model for the synergistic effect of Ca2+- and Zn2+-dependent nucleases (CrCAN and CrENDO1) in co-participating in nuclear DNA degradation during secretory cavity cell PCD in Citrus fruits. Our findings provide direct experimental evidence for exploring different ion-dependent nucleases involved in nuclear degradation during plant PCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjian Liang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510303, China
| | - Bin Huai
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junjun Lin
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangxiu Liang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hanjun He
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mei Bai
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zn 2+-Dependent Nuclease Is Involved in Nuclear Degradation during the Programmed Cell Death of Secretory Cavity Formation in Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa' Fruits. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113222. [PMID: 34831444 PMCID: PMC8622950 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Zn2+- and Ca2+-dependent nucleases exhibit activity toward dsDNA in the four classes of cation-dependent nucleases in plants. Programmed cell death (PCD) is involved in the degradation of cells during schizolysigenous secretory cavity formation in Citrus fruits. Recently, the Ca2+-dependent DNase CgCAN was proven to play a key role in nuclear DNA degradation during the PCD of secretory cavity formation in Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’ fruits. However, whether Zn2+-dependent nuclease plays a role in the PCD of secretory cells remains poorly understood. Here, we identified a Zn2+-dependent nuclease gene, CgENDO1, from Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’, the function of which was studied using Zn2+ ions cytochemical localization, DNase activity assays, in situ hybridization, and protein immunolocalization. The full-length cDNA of CgENDO1 contains an open reading frame of 906 bp that encodes a protein 301 amino acids in length with a S1/P1-like functional domain. CgENDO1 degrades linear double-stranded DNA at acidic and neutral pH. CgENDO1 is mainly expressed in the late stage of nuclear degradation of secretory cells. Further spatiotemporal expression patterns of CgENDO1 showed that CgENDO1 is initially located on the endoplasmic reticulum and then moves into intracellular vesicles and nuclei. During the late stage of nuclear degradation, it was concentrated in the area of nuclear degradation involved in nuclear DNA degradation. Our results suggest that the Zn2+-dependent nuclease CgENDO1 plays a direct role in the late degradation stage of the nuclear DNA in the PCD of secretory cavity cells of Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’ fruits.
Collapse
|
3
|
Cai J, Zhang Z, Zhou Z, Yang W, Liu Y, Mei F, Zhou G, Wang L. Localization of BEN1-LIKE protein and nuclear degradation during development of metaphloem sieve elements in Triticum aestivum L. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2015; 66:66-79. [PMID: 25740439 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.66.2015.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Metaphloem sieve elements (MSEs) in the developing caryopsis of Triticum aestivum L. undergo a unique type of programmed cell death (PCD); cell organelles gradually degrade with the MSE differentiation while mature sieve elements keep active. This study focuses on locating BEN1-LIKE protein and nuclear degradation in differentiating MSEs of wheat. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that nuclei degraded in MSE development. First, the degradation started at 2-3 days after flowering (DAF). The degraded fragments were then swallowed by phagocytic vacuoles at 4 DAF. Finally, nuclei almost completely degraded at 5 DAF. We measured the BEN1-LIKE protein expression in differentiating MSEs. In situ hybridization showed that BEN1-LIKE mRNA was a more obvious hybridization signal at 3-4 DAF at the microscopic level. Immuno-electron microscopy further revealed that BEN1-LIKE protein was mainly localized in MSE nuclei. Furthermore, MSE differentiation was tested using a TSQ Zn2+ fluorescence probe which showed that the dynamic change of Zn2+ accumulation was similar to BEN1-LIKE protein expression. These results suggest that nucleus degradation in wheat MSEs is associated with BEN1-LIKE protein and that the expression of this protein may be regulated by Zn2+ accumulation variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingtong Cai
- Huazhong Agricultural University Laboratory of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Huazhong Agricultural University Laboratory of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Zhuqing Zhou
- Huazhong Agricultural University Laboratory of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Wenli Yang
- Huazhong Agricultural University Laboratory of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Yang Liu
- Huazhong Agricultural University Laboratory of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Fangzhu Mei
- Huazhong Agricultural University College of Plant Sciences & Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- Huazhong Agricultural University College of Plant Sciences & Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Likai Wang
- Huazhong Agricultural University Laboratory of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peremarti A, Marè C, Aprile A, Roncaglia E, Cattivelli L, Villegas D, Royo C. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of a pale-green durum wheat mutant shows variations in photosystem components and metabolic deficiencies under drought stress. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:125. [PMID: 24521234 PMCID: PMC3937041 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leaf pigment content is an important trait involved in environmental interactions. In order to determine its impact on drought tolerance in wheat, we characterized a pale-green durum wheat mutant (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) under contrasting water availability conditions. Results The pale-green mutant was investigated by comparing pigment content and gene/protein expression profiles to wild-type plants at anthesis. Under well-watered (control) conditions the mutant had lower levels of chlorophylls and carotenoids, but higher levels of xanthophyll de-epoxidation compared to wild-type. Transcriptomic analysis under control conditions showed that defense genes (encoding e.g. pathogenesis-related proteins, peroxidases and chitinases) were upregulated in the mutant, suggesting the presence of mild oxidative stress that was compensated without altering the net rate of photosynthesis. Transcriptomic analysis under terminal water stress conditions, revealed the modulation of antioxidant enzymes, photosystem components, and enzymes representing carbohydrate metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, indicating that the mutant was exposed to greater oxidative stress than the wild-type plants, but had a limited capacity to respond. We also compared the two genotypes under irrigated and rain-fed field conditions over three years, finding that the greater oxidative stress and corresponding molecular changes in the pale-green mutant were associated to a yield reduction. Conclusions This study provides insight on the effect of pigment content in the molecular response to drought. Identified genes differentially expressed under terminal water stress may be valuable for further studies addressing drought resistance in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Peremarti
- Agrotecnio Center, Av, Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida E-25198, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen HM, Pang Y, Zeng J, Ding Q, Yin SY, Liu C, Lu MZ, Cui KM, He XQ. The Ca2+ -dependent DNases are involved in secondary xylem development in Eucommia ulmoides. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 54:456-70. [PMID: 22694768 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2012.01134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Secondary xylem development has long been recognized as a typical case of programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. During PCD, the degradation of genomic DNA is catalyzed by endonucleases. However, to date, no endonuclease has been shown to participate in secondary xylem development. Two novel Ca(2+) -dependent DNase genes, EuCaN1 and EuCaN2, were identified from the differentiating secondary xylem of the tree Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., their functions were studied by DNase activity assay, in situ hybridization, protein immunolocalization and virus-induced gene silencing experiments. Full-length cDNAs of EuCaN1 and EuCaN2 contained an open reading frame of 987 bp, encoding two proteins of 328 amino acids with SNase-like functional domains. The genomic DNA sequence for EuCaN1 had no introns, while EuCaN2 had 8 introns. EuCaN1 and EuCaN2 digested ssDNA and dsDNA with Ca(2+) -dependence at neutral pH. Their expression was confined to differentiating secondary xylem cells and the proteins were localized in the nucleus. Their activity dynamics was closely correlated with secondary xylem development. Secondary xylem cell differentiation is influenced by RNAi of endonuclease genes. The results provide evidence that the Ca(2+) -dependent DNases are involved in secondary xylem development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guo K, Liu S, Takano T, Zhang X. Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of a Ca2+-dependent nuclease of Arabidopsis thaliana. Protein Expr Purif 2012; 83:70-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
7
|
Gu HT, Wang DH, Li X, He CX, Xu ZH, Bai SN. Characterization of an ethylene-inducible, calcium-dependent nuclease that is differentially expressed in cucumber flower development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 192:590-600. [PMID: 21801181 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
• Production of unisexual flowers is an important mechanism that promotes cross-pollination in angiosperms. We previously identified primordial anther-specific DNA damage and organ-specific ethylene perception responsible for the arrest of stamen development in female flowers, but little is known about how the two processes are linked. • To identify potential links between the two processes, we performed suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) stamens of male and female flowers at stage 6, with stamens at stage 5 of bisexual flowers as a control. • Among the differentially expressed genes, we identified an expressed sequence tag (EST) encoding a cucumber homolog to an Arabidopsis calcium-dependent nuclease (CAN), designated CsCaN. Full-length CsCaN cDNA and the respective genomic DNA sequence were cloned and characterized. The CsCaN protein exhibited calcium-dependent nuclease activity. CsCaN showed ubiquitous expression; however, increased gene expression was detected in the stamens of stage 6 female flowers compared with male flowers. As expected, CsCaN expression was ethylene inducible. It was of great interest that CsCaN was post-translationally modified. • This study demonstrated that CsCaN is a novel cucumber nuclease gene, whose DNase activity is regulated at multiple levels, and which could be involved in the primordial anther-specific DNA damage of developing female cucumber flowers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Gu
- PKU-Yale Joint Research Center of Agricultural and Plant Molecular Biology, National Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Gene Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leśniewicz K, Pieńkowska J, Poreba E. Characterization of nucleases involved in seedling development of cauliflower. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 167:1093-1100. [PMID: 20447722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to control the degradation of their own DNA is a common feature of most living organisms. In plants, extensive hydrolysis of nuclear DNA occurs during different forms of programmed cell death (PCD). In addition to the removal of unwanted cells, the PCD process allows for the remobilization of cellular constituents, including the products of DNA hydrolysis. Although programmed cell death occurs widely during normal development and plant defense responses to pathogens, only one class of deoxyribonucleases, the S1 type, involved in these processes, has been well characterized. Using DNA-SDS-PAGE, we identified the activities of 14 deoxyribonucleases expressed in different organs of cauliflower seeds, seedlings and the flower head. These enzymes represent several classes based on their substrate specificity and ion dependency. In addition to four Zn(2+)-dependent enzymes, we identified five Ca(2+)-dependent, two Mg(2+)-dependent, three Ca(2+)/Mg(2+)-dependent and one nuclease whose activities seem to be independent of any divalent cations. We also identified a set of DNases whose expression seems to be common for different organs and different stages of development, as well as a few highly tissue-specific nucleases. Expression of three nucleases was inducible by drought stress and hydrogen peroxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Leśniewicz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 89 Umultowska St., 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Matousek J, Orctová L, Skopek J, Pesina K, Steger G. Elimination of hop latent viroid upon developmental activation of pollen nucleases. Biol Chem 2008; 389:905-18. [PMID: 18627315 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2008.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hop latent viroid (HLVd) is not transmissible through hop generative tissues and seeds. Here we describe the process of HLVd elimination during development of hop pollen. HLVd propagates in uninucleate hop pollen, but is eliminated at stages following first pollen mitosis during pollen vacuolization and maturation. Only traces of HLVd were detected by RT-PCR in mature pollen after anthesis and no viroid was detectable in in vitro germinating pollen, suggesting complete degradation of circular and linear HLVd forms. The majority of the degraded HLVd RNA in immature pollen included discrete products in the range of 230-100 nucleotides and therefore did not correspond to siRNAs. HLVd eradication from pollen correlated with developmental expression of a pollen nuclease and specific RNAses. Activity of the pollen nuclease HBN1 was maximal during the vacuolization step and decreased in mature pollen. Total RNAse activity increased continuously up to the final steps of pollen maturation. HBN1 mRNA, which is abundant at the uninucleate microspore stage, encodes a protein of 300 amino acids (34.1 kDa, isoeletric point 5.1). Sequence comparisons revealed that HBN1 is a homolog of S1-like bifunctional plant endonucleases. The developmentally activated HBN1 and pollen ribonucleases could participate in the mechanism of HLVd recognition and degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Matousek
- Biological Center AS CR vvi, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Branisovská 31, Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gadjev I, Stone JM, Gechev TS. Programmed cell death in plants: new insights into redox regulation and the role of hydrogen peroxide. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 270:87-144. [PMID: 19081535 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)01403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD), the highly regulated dismantling of cells, is essential for plant growth and survival. PCD plays key roles in embryo development, formation and maturation of many cell types and tissues, and plant reaction/adaptation to environmental conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only toxic by products of aerobic metabolism with strictly controlled cellular levels, but they also function as signaling agents regulating many biological processes and producing pleiotropic effects. Over the last decade, ROS have become recognized as important modulators of plant PCD. Molecular genetic approaches using plant mutants and transcriptome studies related to ROS-mediated PCD have revealed a wide array of plant-specific cell death regulators and have contributed to unraveling the elaborate redox signaling network. This review summarizes the biological processes, in which plant PCD participates and discusses the signaling functions of ROS with emphasis on hydrogen peroxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Gadjev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affara M, Dunmore B, Savoie C, Imoto S, Tamada Y, Araki H, Charnock-Jones DS, Miyano S, Print C. Understanding endothelial cell apoptosis: what can the transcriptome, glycome and proteome reveal? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2007; 362:1469-87. [PMID: 17569639 PMCID: PMC2440409 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis may play an important role in blood vessel development, homeostasis and remodelling. In support of this concept, EC apoptosis has been detected within remodelling vessels in vivo, and inactivation of EC apoptosis regulators has caused dramatic vascular phenotypes. EC apoptosis has also been associated with cardiovascular pathologies. Therefore, understanding the regulation of EC apoptosis, with the goal of intervening in this process, has become a current research focus. The protein-based signalling and cleavage cascades that regulate EC apoptosis are well known. However, the possibility that programmed transcriptome and glycome changes contribute to EC apoptosis has only recently been explored. Traditional bioinformatic techniques have allowed simultaneous study of thousands of molecular signals during the process of EC apoptosis. However, to progress further, we now need to understand the complex cause and effect relationships among these signals. In this article, we will first review current knowledge about the function and regulation of EC apoptosis including the roles of the proteome transcriptome and glycome. Then, we assess the potential for further bioinformatic analysis to advance our understanding of EC apoptosis, including the limitations of current technologies and the potential of emerging technologies such as gene regulatory networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muna Affara
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge UniversityTennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Benjamin Dunmore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cambridge UniversityThe Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2SW, UK
| | - Christopher Savoie
- GNI Ltd. Kasumigaseki IHF Building 3-5-1Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, 100-0013 Toyko, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Human Genome Centre, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cambridge UniversityThe Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2SW, UK
- Bioinformatics Centre, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto UniversityGokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Araki
- GNI Ltd. Kasumigaseki IHF Building 3-5-1Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, 100-0013 Toyko, Japan
| | - D. Stephen Charnock-Jones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cambridge UniversityThe Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2SW, UK
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Human Genome Centre, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Cristin Print
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland85 Park Road, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
- Author for correspondence ()
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Varnier AL, Mazeyrat-Gourbeyre F, Sangwan RS, Clément C. Programmed cell death progressively models the development of anther sporophytic tissues from the tapetum and is triggered in pollen grains during maturation. J Struct Biol 2005; 152:118-28. [PMID: 16256370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2005.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Revised: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the spatial and temporal occurrence of programmed cell death (PCD) in Lilium anther tissues, we used both microscopical and molecular markers of apoptosis for developmental stages from meiosis to pollen release. The first hallmarks of PCD include cell condensation and shrinkage of the cytoplasm, separation of chromatin into delineated masses, and DNA fragmentation in the tapetum as early as the premeiosis stage. PCD then extended to other anther sporophytic tissues, leading to anther dehiscence. Although the PCD clearly affected the endothecium and the epidermis, these two cell layers remained alive until anther dehiscence. In pollen, no sign of PCD was found until pollen mitosis I, after what apoptotic features developed progressively in the vegetative cell. In addition, DNA ladders were detected in all sporophytic tissues and cell types throughout pollen development, whereas in the male gametophyte DNA ladders were only detected during pollen maturation. Our data suggest that PCD is a progressive and active process affecting all the anther tissues, first being triggered in the tapetum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Varnier
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Defence and Reproduction, URVVC EA 2069, University of Reims, P.O. Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|