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Jacca S, Franceschi V, Agosti M, Cavirani S, Mistretta F, Donofrio G. Interferon Gamma-Mediated BoHV-4 Replication Restriction in Bovine Endometrial Stromal Cells Is Host IDO1 Gene Expression Independent and BoHV-4 IE2 Gene Expression Dependent1. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:112. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.123000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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2
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Toussaint JF, Letellier C, Paquet D, Dispas M, Kerkhofs P. Prime-boost strategies combining DNA and inactivated vaccines confer high immunity and protection in cattle against bovine herpesvirus-1. Vaccine 2005; 23:5073-81. [PMID: 16024138 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccines have frequently been associated with poor efficacy in large animals. In the present study, one administration of an inactivated marker vaccine to cattle considerably boosted both humoral and cellular arms of the immune response primed with Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) DNA vaccines encoding glycoprotein D (gD) or gC+gD. Calves vaccinated according to the DNA prime-inactivated boost also showed significantly enhanced virological protection as compared to controls. The 4-logarithms reduction of virus shedding observed in primed-boosted animals was comparable to the one previously reported in calves immunized twice with marker vaccines. Intradermal immunization of cattle with DNA vaccines promoted a Th2-biased immune response but also primed a cellular component that was further boosted by the inactivated vaccine. Individual IgG2 titers of vaccinated calves were significantly correlated to IFN-gamma production. The immunization protocol described in the present study demonstrates the complementarity between DNA and conventional marker vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Toussaint
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Department of Virology, Groeselenberg 99, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.
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3
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Toussaint JF, Rziha HJ, Bauer B, Letellier C, Kerkhofs P. Effects of hypervaccination with bovine herpesvirus type 1 gE-deleted marker vaccines on the serological response and virological status of calves challenged with wild-type virus. Vet Rec 2004; 155:553-8. [PMID: 15559987 DOI: 10.1136/vr.155.18.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four calves were immunised four times with gE-deleted infectious bovine rhinotracheitis marker vaccines before being challenged with small doses of wild-type bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1). The repeated vaccinations induced strong immunity that prevented detectable virus replication and gE-seroconversion after the challenge infection in most of the calves. The hypervaccinated calves that shed virus after the challenge infection showed no delay in gE-seroconversion compared with unvaccinated control calves. Using a sensitive nested PCR, BHV-1 gE sequences could be detected in the trigeminal ganglia of several of the gE-seronegative, challenge-infected calves, possibly indicating the presence of wild-type BHV-1 DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Toussaint
- Department of Virology, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 90, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Kerkhofs P, Renjifo X, Toussaint JF, Letellier C, Vanopdenbosch E, Wellemans G. Enhancement of the immune response and virological protection of calves against bovine herpesvirus type 1 with an inactivated gE-deleted vaccine. Vet Rec 2003; 152:681-6. [PMID: 12803395 DOI: 10.1136/vr.152.22.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Four immunisation protocols based on inactivated and attenuated commercially available marker vaccines for bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) were compared. The first group of calves were vaccinated with an attenuated vaccine administered intranasally and an inactivated vaccine injected subcutaneously, four weeks apart; the second group were vaccinated twice with the attenuated vaccine, first intranasally and then intramuscularly; the third group were vaccinated twice subcutaneously with the inactivated vaccine; and the fourth group were vaccinated twice intramuscularly with the attenuated vaccine. A control group of calves were not vaccinated. The cellular and humoral immune responses were highest in the two groups which received at least one injection of the inactivated vaccine. Virological protection was observed in all the vaccinated groups after a challenge infection and reactivation by treatment with dexamethasone, but the calves which received one dose of the inactivated vaccine as a booster or two doses of the inactivated vaccine excreted significantly less of the challenge virus than the calves which were vaccinated only with the attenuated preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kerkhofs
- Department of Virology, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract. Vet Rec 2003. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.152.22.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Walravens K, Marché S, Rosseels V, Wellemans V, Boelaert F, Huygen K, Godfroid J. IFN-gamma diagnostic tests in the context of bovine mycobacterial infections in Belgium. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2002; 87:401-6. [PMID: 12072265 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(02)00092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In countries where cattle tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis (Mbov) and paratuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Mptb) are present, testing strategies for the Mbov eradication have to discriminate between these two infections. Present indirect tests are based on the analysis of the specific cellular immune response (DTH, IFN-gamma) against crude mycobacterial antigens (avian and bovine PPD). In this study, we compared the evolution of the IFN-gamma responses of animals experimentally infected with Mbov, Mptb, or inoculated with Mycobacterium phlei. Mbov inoculation induced a strong IFN-gamma response that allows rapid classification of the status of the animals following interpretation criteria set up by us. Experimental inoculation with M. phlei induced sensitisation to mycobacterial antigens as detected by the IFN-gamma test but these reactions were of short duration, therefore, repeated testing allows us to define these animals as aspecific reactors. IFN-gamma response induced after oral inoculation of calves with Mptb was of low intensity and ratio of responses measured against avian versus bovine PPD did not allow a clear diagnostic at least for the six first month of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Walravens
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Groeselenberg 99, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.
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Gogev S, Vanderheijden N, Lemaire M, Schynts F, D'Offay J, Deprez I, Adam M, Eloit M, Thiry E. Induction of protective immunity to bovine herpesvirus type 1 in cattle by intranasal administration of replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 expressing glycoprotein gC or gD. Vaccine 2002; 20:1451-65. [PMID: 11818166 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00458-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Replication-defective human adenoviruses type 5 (HAd5) expressing the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein gC or gD under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter/enhancer (AdCMVgC or AdCMVgD) or the 5' regulatory region of the human desmin gene (AdDESMgC or AdDESMgD) were generated. A preliminary experiment performed on rabbits showed that the intranasal administration of AdCMV elicited higher levels of BHV-1 neutralizing antibodies than the intramuscular administration of AdDESM. The obtained results allowed to select the replication-defective AdCMVgC and AdCMVgD for further assessment of their potential as a recombinant vaccine in cattle. Calves were injected intranasally twice 3 weeks apart with either AdCMVgC or AdCMVgD or a combination of these two recombinants or a commercially available live vaccine for comparison. The highest BHV-1 neutralizing antibody titres were obtained with AdCMVgD followed by the live vaccine and to a lower extent with the combination of the two recombinants (AdCMVgC+AdCMVgD). Calves were protected against intranasal BHV-1 challenge performed 3 weeks after the second immunization. In view of the obtained results, recombinant HAd5 may be developed as an intranasal vaccine vector in cattle administrated either alone or sequentially with non-human adenovirus-based vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Gogev
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lie'ge, Boulevard de Colonster, 20-B 43 bis, 4000, Sart Tilman-Lie'ge, Belgium
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Lemaire M, Schynts F, Meyer G, Georgin JP, Baranowski E, Gabriel A, Ros C, Belák S, Thiry E. Latency and reactivation of a glycoprotein E negative bovine herpesvirus type 1 vaccine: influence of virus load and effect of specific maternal antibodies. Vaccine 2001; 19:4795-804. [PMID: 11535332 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the vaccination of neonatal calves with a glycoprotein E (gE)-negative bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) were investigated in naïve and passively immunised calves either with the recommended dose or a 5-fold concentrated one. After inoculation (PI), all calves excreted the virus vaccine except three passively immunised calves inoculated with the lower titre. No antibody response could be detected in passively immunised calves, whatever the dose used, and they all became BHV-1 seronegative and remained so after dexamethasone treatment (PDT). Nevertheless, as shown by a gamma-interferon assay, all calves that excreted the vaccine PI developed a cell-mediated immune response and a booster response was observed PDT, suggesting viral reactivation. The vaccine virus was recovered PDT from nasal secretions in two calves and BHV-1 DNA were detected in trigeminal ganglia from five calves belonging to all inoculated groups. The results show that the BHV-1 gE-negative vaccine can establish latency not only in naïve but also in passively immunised neonatal calves after a single intranasal inoculation. Moreover, this study shows for the first time that the gE-negative vaccine, when used in passively immunised calves, can lead to seronegative vaccine virus carriers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Cattle
- Cell Line
- Colostrum/immunology
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Herpesviridae Infections/immunology
- Herpesviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Herpesviridae Infections/veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/growth & development
- Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/physiology
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Maternally-Acquired
- Immunization, Passive
- Immunization, Secondary
- Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis/immunology
- Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis/prevention & control
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Neutralization Tests
- Pregnancy
- Time Factors
- Trigeminal Ganglion/virology
- Vaccination/veterinary
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, Marker/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/deficiency
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Virus Activation/drug effects
- Virus Latency
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lemaire
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic diseases, Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster, 20-B 43bis, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
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Wood PR, Jones SL. BOVIGAM: an in vitro cellular diagnostic test for bovine tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2001; 81:147-55. [PMID: 11463236 DOI: 10.1054/tube.2000.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BOVIGAM which is based on the detection of gamma interferon (IFN- gamma) is a rapid, laboratory assay of a cell mediated immune response that may be used for the detection of tuberculosis (TB) infection in animals. Whole blood is first incubated overnight with bovine PPD, avian PPD or negative control antigens, and IFN- gamma in the supernatant plasma is then measured by EIA. TB infection is indicated by a predominant IFN- gamma response to bovine PPD. Since 1988, BOVIGAM has been extensively trialed on more than 200 000 cattle in Australia, Brazil, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, Romania, Spain and the USA. Sensitivity has varied between 81.8% and 100% for culture-confirmed bovine TB and specificity between 94% and 100%. The IFN- gamma assay detects M. bovis infection earlier than the skin test and in New Zealand is applied to detect skin-test negative cattle with TB, where after slaughter a significant number of IFN- gamma reactors have TB. BOVIGAM is also approved in New Zealand for serial testing skin test positive cattle when non-specificity is suspected. Cattle are tested 7-30 days after a positive caudal fold test. The boosting effect of the skin test on T-cell activity allows blood to be cultured with PPD up to 30 h after collection without effecting accuracy. The BOVIGAM results are not affected by poor nutritional condition and are only mildly and briefly affected by dexamethasone treatment and parturition. IFN- gamma responses of cattle vaccinated with BCG are dose-dependent and short-lived. The BOVIGAM kit is now used routinely in many countries for the detection of M. bovis infected cattle, buffalo and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Wood
- Research and Development, CSL Animal Health, 45 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
Suspect field cases of BSE infection (displaying clinical signs) were examined for possible alterations of cytokine/autacoid plasma levels and were compared to control cases (not displaying clinical signs of BSE infection). Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) plasma levels were demonstrated as being elevated in all suspected field cases of BSE infection (irrespective of BSE status; determined via postmortem histopathological examination). We demonstrated that plasma IFN-gamma levels were significantly (P<0.005) higher in suspect cases of BSE infection than in control cases. BSE-positive prostaglandin-E(2), (PGE(2)) plasma levels were demonstrated as being elevated 1.25-fold above BSE-negative cases and 2.22-fold above control cases. No significant (P>0.5) increase in PGE(2)plasma levels was recorded between BSE-positive and -negative. IFN-gamma and PGE(2)plasma levels were examined using commercially available ELISA assay. The results presented in this publication are the first demonstration of alteration in immune state in animals with BSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Murphy
- National Agricultural and Veterinary Biotechnology Centre, BioResearch Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Lemaire M, Meyer G, Baranowski E, Schynts F, Wellemans G, Kerkhofs P, Thiry E. Production of bovine herpesvirus type 1-seronegative latent carriers by administration of a live-attenuated vaccine in passively immunized calves. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:4233-8. [PMID: 11060097 PMCID: PMC87570 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.11.4233-4238.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of the vaccination of neonatal calves with the widely used live-attenuated temperature-sensitive (ts) bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) were investigated. The ts strain established acute and latent infections in all vaccinated calves either with or without passive immunity. Four of seven calves vaccinated under passive immunity became clearly BHV-1 seronegative by different serological tests, as did uninfected control calves after the disappearance of maternal antibodies, and they remained so for long periods. A cell-mediated immune response was detected by a BHV-1 gamma interferon assay, but this test failed to detect the seronegative latent carriers (SNLCs). While they are not detected, SNLCs represent a threat for BHV-1-free herds or countries. This study demonstrates that SNLCs can be easily obtained by inoculation with a live-attenuated BHV-1 under passive immunity and that latent carrier animals without any antibody do exist. Consequently, this situation could represent a good model to experimentally produce SNLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lemaire
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Lemaire M, Weynants V, Godfroid J, Schynts F, Meyer G, Letesson JJ, Thiry E. Effects of bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection in calves with maternal antibodies on immune response and virus latency. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:1885-94. [PMID: 10790117 PMCID: PMC86615 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.5.1885-1894.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of maternally derived antibodies can interfere with the development of an active antibody response to antigen. Infection of seven passively immunized young calves with a virulent strain of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) was performed to determine whether they could become seronegative after the disappearance of maternal antibodies while latently infected with BHV-1. Four uninfected calves were controls. All calves were monitored serologically for 13 to 18 months. In addition, the development of a cell-mediated immune response was assessed by an in vitro antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production assay. All calves had positive IFN-gamma responses as early as 7 days until at least 10 weeks after infection. However, no antibody rise was observed after infection in the three calves with the highest titers of maternal antibodies. One of the three became seronegative by virus neutralization test at 7 months of age like the control animals. This calf presented negative IFN-gamma results at the same time and was classified seronegative by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at around 10 months of age. This calf was latently infected, as proven by virus reexcretion after dexamethasone treatment at the end of the experiment. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that BHV-1-seronegative latent carriers can be obtained experimentally. In addition, the IFN-gamma assay was able to discriminate calves possessing only passively acquired antibodies from those latently infected by BHV-1, but it could not detect seronegative latent carriers. The failure to easily detect such animals presents an epidemiological threat for the control of BHV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lemaire
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Lemaire M, Schynts F, Meyer G, Thiry E. Antibody response to glycoprotein E after bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection in passively immunised, glycoprotein E-negative calves. Vet Rec 1999; 144:172-6. [PMID: 10097325 DOI: 10.1136/vr.144.7.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine whether young calves with maternal antibodies against bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) but without antibodies against glycoprotein E (gE) can produce an active antibody response to gE after a BHV-1 infection. Five calves received at birth colostrum from gE-seronegative cows which had been vaccinated two or three times with an inactivated BHV-1, gE-deleted marker vaccine. After inoculation with a wild-type virulent strain of BHV-1, all the passively immunised gE-negative calves shed virus in large amounts in their nasal secretions. All the calves seroconverted to gE within two to four weeks after inoculation and then had high levels of gE antibodies for at least four months. The development of an active cell-mediated immune response was also detected by in vitro BHV-1-specific interferon-gamma assays. All the calves were latently infected, because one of them re-excreted the virus spontaneously and the other four did so after being treated with dexamethasone. The results showed that under the conditions of this work the gE-negative marker could also distinguish between passively immunised and latently infected calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lemaire
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium
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