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Ibrahim ATA, Banaee M, Sureda A. Selenium protection against mercury toxicity on the male reproductive system of Clarias gariepinus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 225:108583. [PMID: 31394254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the protective role of Selenium (Se) (0.1 ppm) on the male reproductive system of the catfish Clarias gariepinus exposed to sublethal doses of Mercury (Hg) (0.04 and 0.12 ppm) for 30 days. Indicators of seminal and gonadal hormone disruption (testosterone, estradiol and 11 keto testosterone), antioxidants (total antioxidant capacity (TAO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)), oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation (LPO), percentage of DNA fragmentation, carbonylated proteins (CP) and nitric oxide (NO)) and histopathological alterations in testicles of Clarias gariepinus were determined. The exposure to Hg resulted in a high accumulation of residues of this metal in testicular tissues. The results showed a significant decrease in sperm count, activity and motility and in all gonadal hormones in Hg exposed groups. Hg exposure also induced a decline in TAO, SOD, CAT and GPx, whereas LPO, DNA fragmentation, CP and NO significantly increased in testicles of C. gariepinus respect to the control group. Although exposure to Se did not reduce the degree of mercury bioconcentration in the testicles, the sperm quality parameters were recovered. Moreover, TAO levels and GPx activity significantly increased after fish exposure to Se, whereas CP levels decreased. LPO, NO, CAT and SOD were also partially normalized when compared with the groups exposed to only Hg. In conclusion, the results showed that Hg, even in the small doses is capable to induce reproductive toxicity in the male catfish. Se exposure partially restored the values of biochemical parameters and sperm quality in Hg-treated fish suggesting protective effects against Hg reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdi Banaee
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Kim SC, Park SJ, Lee JR, Seo JC, Yang CH, Byun SH. Cytoprotective Activity of Glycyrrhizae radix Extract Against Arsenite-induced Cytotoxicity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 5:165-71. [PMID: 18604262 PMCID: PMC2396482 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nem014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Licorice, Glycyrrhizae radix, is one of the herbal medicines in East Asia that has been commonly used for treating various diseases, including stomach disorders. This study investigated the effect of licorice on arsenite (As)-induced cytotoxicity in H4IIE cells, a rat hepatocyte-derived cell line. Cell viability was significantly diminished in As-treated H4IIE cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, results from flow cytometric assay and DNA laddering in H4IIE cells showed that As treatment induced apoptotic cell death by activating caspase-3. Licorice (0.1 and 1.0 mg ml(-1)) treatment significantly inhibited cell death and the activity of caspase-3 in response to As exposure. These results demonstrate that licorice induced a cytoprotective effect against As-induced cell death by inhibition of caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chan Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine and Research Center for Biomedical Resources of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, 165 Sang-dong, Suseong-gu, Daegu 706-060, Korea
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Li ZC, An LH, Fu Q, Liu Y, Zhang L, Chen H, Zhao XR, Wang LJ, Zheng BH, Zhang LB. Construction and characterization of a normalized cDNA library from the river snail Bellamya aeruginosa after exposure to copper. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:260-7. [PMID: 21915736 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The construction of a normalized cDNA library is a popular tool for identifying novel biomarkers for monitoring environmental pollution. In the present study, a normalized cDNA library was constructed from the river snail Bellamya aeruginosa after exposure to Cu(2+) by using the SMART technique. The titer of the cDNA library was 1.78 × 10(6) pfu/ml, with a recombinant efficiency of 95.8%. In addition, from 6,000 randomly selected and sequenced clones, 5,473 high-quality ESTs were identified. After processing the sequences, 3,961 unigenes representing 897 contigs and 3,064 singlets were obtained with 27.6% redundancy. Analysis of expressed sequenced tags using COG and GO annotation and KEGG pathway data showed that a large group of genes related to growth and development, signal transduction, and defense mechanisms were present in the cDNA library. Based on our findings, this normalized cDNA library will provide a valuable resource for further research on functional genes and ecotoxicology in B. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy for Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Broniatowski M, Flasiński M, Dynarowicz-Ła̧tka P, Majewski J. Grazing Incidence Diffraction and X-ray Reflectivity Studies of the Interactions of Inorganic Mercury Salts with Membrane Lipids in Langmuir Monolayers at the Air/Water Interface. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:9474-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp101668n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Broniatowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland and Lujan Neutron Scattering Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Michał Flasiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland and Lujan Neutron Scattering Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Patrycja Dynarowicz-Ła̧tka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland and Lujan Neutron Scattering Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Jarosław Majewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland and Lujan Neutron Scattering Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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Gentry PR, McDonald TB, Sullivan DE, Shipp AM, Yager JW, Clewell HJ. Analysis of genomic dose-response information on arsenic to inform key events in a mode of action for carcinogenicity. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2010; 51:1-14. [PMID: 19551812 DOI: 10.1002/em.20505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify information on gene expression changes following exposures to inorganic arsenic compounds. This information was organized by compound, exposure, dose/concentration, species, tissue, and cell type. A concentration-related hierarchy of responses was observed, beginning with changes in gene/protein expression associated with adaptive responses (e.g., preinflammatory responses, delay of apoptosis). Between 0.1 and 10 microM, additional gene/protein expression changes related to oxidative stress, proteotoxicity, inflammation, and proliferative signaling occur along with those related to DNA repair, cell cycle G2/M checkpoint control, and induction of apoptosis. At higher concentrations (10-100 microM), changes in apoptotic genes dominate. Comparisons of primary cell results with those obtained from immortalized or tumor-derived cell lines were also evaluated to determine the extent to which similar responses are observed across cell lines. Although immortalized cells appear to respond similarly to primary cells, caution must be exercised in using gene expression data from tumor-derived cell lines, where inactivation or overexpression of key genes (e.g., p53, Bcl-2) may lead to altered genomic responses. Data from acute in vivo exposures are of limited value for evaluating the dose-response for gene expression, because of the transient, variable, and uncertain nature of tissue exposure in these studies. The available in vitro gene expression data, together with information on the metabolism and protein binding of arsenic compounds, provide evidence of a mode of action for inorganic arsenic carcinogenicity involving interactions with critical proteins, such as those involved in DNA repair, overlaid against a background of chemical stress, including proteotoxicity and depletion of nonprotein sulfhydryls. The inhibition of DNA repair under conditions of toxicity and proliferative pressure may compromise the ability of cells to maintain the integrity of their DNA.
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Broniatowski M, Dynarowicz-Łatka P. Search for the Molecular Mechanism of Mercury Toxicity. Study of the Mercury(II)−Surfactant Complex Formation in Langmuir Monolayers. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:4275-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jp810339e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Broniatowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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Glutathione as a suitable biomarker in hepatopancreas, gills and muscle of three freshwater crayfish species. ARCH BIOL SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.2298/abs0801059k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the contents of total glutathione (tGSH), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and values of the glutathione redox index (GSH RI) in hepatopancreas, gills, and muscle of three freshwater crayfish species: noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) from the Southern Morava River, stone crayfish (Austropotamobius torrentium) from the Krajkovacka River, and spinycheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus) from the Danube River. The obtained data show strong tissue and species specifity of investigated parameters: tGSH, GSH, GSSG, and GSH RI in the hepatopancreas, gills, and muscle of the indicated crayfish species. Our work represents the first study of its kind and showed that the investigated parameters can be considered suitable biomarkers of the cellular glutathione redox status in of freshwater crayfish species.
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Kim SG, Lee CH, Park JW. Deprenyl, a therapeutic agent for Parkinson's disease, inhibits arsenic toxicity potentiated by GSH depletion via inhibition of JNK activation. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2004; 67:2013-2024. [PMID: 15513899 DOI: 10.1080/15287390490514732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Previously, studies reported that depletion of cellular GSH by sulfur amino acid deprivation (SAAD) potentiated arsenic (As)-induced cytotoxicity through activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. Deprenyl (selegiline), a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B that is responsible for oxidative metabolism of dopamine, has been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. This study investigated (1) whether deprenyl inhibited As-induced toxicity or As toxicity that was potentiated by glutathione (GSH) depletion and (2) whether deprenyl affected MAP kinase activation. Deprenyl protected H4IIE cells against the toxicity induced by As + SAAD in a concentration-dependent manner, but not by As alone. Activation of JNK by SAAD or As, but not that of p38 kinase or ERK1/2, was inhibited by treatment of cells with deprenyl. The cells that had been exposed to As or SAAD exhibited decreases in mitochondrial permeability to rhodamine 123, which was restored by deprenyl treatment or transfection with the plasmid encoding a dominant negative mutant of JNK [JNK1( )]. Transfection of H4IIE cells with the JNK1( ) plasmid, however, failed to protect cells against As toxicity. These results showed that deprenyl inhibits As toxicity potentiated by cellular GSH depletion, but not the toxicity induced by As alone. The cytoprotective effect of deprenyl may be mediated with restoration of mitochondrial function via its inhibition of JNK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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Kim SC, Byun SH, Yang CH, Kim CY, Kim JW, Kim SG. Cytoprotective effects of Glycyrrhizae radix extract and its active component liquiritigenin against cadmium-induced toxicity (effects on bad translocation and cytochrome c-mediated PARP cleavage). Toxicology 2004; 197:239-51. [PMID: 15033546 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2004.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2003] [Revised: 12/23/2003] [Accepted: 01/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizae radix has been popularly used as one of the oldest and most frequently employed botanicals in herbal medicine in Asian countries, and currently occupies an important place in food products. Cadmium (Cd) induces both apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death, in which alterations in cellular sulfhydryls participate. In the present study, we determined the effects of G. radix extract (GRE) and its representative active components on cell death induced by Cd and explored the mechanistic basis of cytoprotective effects of G. radix. Incubation of H4IIE cells with GRE inhibited cell death induced by 10 microM Cd. Also, GRE effectively blocked Cd (1 microM)-induced cell death potentiated by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) without restoration of cellular GSH. GRE prevented both apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell injury induced by Cd (10 microM) or Cd (0.3-1 microM) + BSO. Inhibition of Cd-induced cell injury by pretreatment of cells with GRE suggested that the cytoprotective effect result from alterations in the levels of the protein(s) responsible for cell viability. GRE inhibited mitochondrial Bad translocation by Cd or CD+BSO, and caused restoration of mitochondrial Bcl(xL) and cytochrome c levels. Cd-induced poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase cleavage in control cells or in cells deprived of sulfhydryls was prevented by GRE treatment. Among the major components present in GRE, liquiritigenin, but not liquiritin, isoliquiritigenin or glycyrrhizin, exerted cytoprotective effect. These results demonstrated that GRE blocked Cd-induced cell death by inhibiting the apoptotic processes involving translocation of Bad into mitochondria, decreases in mitochondrial Bcl(xL) and cytochrome c, and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim SH, Johnson VJ, Sharma RP. Mercury inhibits nitric oxide production but activates proinflammatory cytokine expression in murine macrophage: differential modulation of NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Nitric Oxide 2002; 7:67-74. [PMID: 12175822 DOI: 10.1016/s1089-8603(02)00008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mercury is well known to adversely affect the immune system; however, little is known regarding its molecular mechanisms. Macrophages are major producers of nitric oxide (NO) and this signaling molecule is important in the regulation of immune responses. The present study was designed to determine the impact of mercury on NO and cytokine production and to investigate the signaling pathways involved. The murine macrophage cell line J774A.1 was used to study the effects of low-dose inorganic mercury on the production of NO and proinflammatory cytokines. Cells were treated with mercury in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mercury (5-20 microM) dose-dependently decreased the production of NO in LPS-stimulated cells. Concomitant decreases in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein were detected. Treatment of J774A.1 cells with mercury alone did not affect the production of NO nor the expression of iNOS mRNA or protein. Interestingly, mercury alone stimulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), and increased LPS-induced TNFalpha and interleukin-6 mRNA expression. Mercury inhibited LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) but had no effect alone. In contrast, mercury activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and additively increased LPS-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation. These results indicate that mercury suppresses NO synthesis by inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway and modulates cytokine expression by p38 MAPK activation in J774A.1 macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyun Kim
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Interdisciplinary Program of Toxicology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7389, USA
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Kang KW, Novak RF, Lee CH, Kim SG. Induction of microsomal epoxide hydrolase by sulfur amino acid deprivation via the pathway of C-Jun N-terminal kinase and its extracellular exposure during cell death. Free Radic Biol Med 2002; 32:1017-32. [PMID: 12008117 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(02)00788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH), an epoxide detoxifying enzyme and putative cell surface autoantigen, is inducible by xenobiotics and by certain pathophysiological conditions (e.g., tumorigenesis and protein-calorie malnutrition). The present study was designed to determine mEH expression in H4IIE cells during cell death initiated by sulfur amino acid deprivation (SAAD) and to identify the signaling pathway for the enzyme induction. SAAD induced cell death at 48-72 h with translocation of Bax to mitochondria and increased mitochondrial permeability with cytochrome c release, both of which were prevented by SB203580 or by dominant-negative JNK1 [JNK1(-)] stable transfection. Caspase-3 activity was only marginally increased by SAAD. Neither genomic DNA fragmentation nor poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage was observed during SAAD-induced cell death. Thus, SAAD induced cell death independent of caspase activation. This was supported by the observation that benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone, a general caspase inhibitor, did not prevent cell death. The levels of mEH mRNA and protein were notably increased in cells under SAAD for 48-72 h. The induction of mEH occurred in parallel with cell death. Whereas SAAD-induced cell death resulted from both JNK1 and p38 kinase activation, mEH induction was decreased only by JNK1(-) transfection. Immunocytochemistry revealed that mEH protein was intensely stained in dying cells, cellular fragments and cell debris. Furthermore, the number of cells positive for surface mEH substantially increased by SAAD, as evidenced by flow cytometry analysis. These results demonstrated that SAAD induced nonapoptotic cell death with Bax translocation to mitochondria and mitochondrial cytochrome c release, but not through caspase-3 activation, and that mEH was induced by SAAD via the pathway of JNK1, but not ERK1/2 or p38 kinase, in parallel with cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon Wook Kang
- National Research Laboratory (MDT), College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Sillim-dong Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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