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Amatatongchai M, Nontawong N, Ngaosri P, Chunta S, Wanram S, Jarujamrus P, Nacapricha D, Lieberzeit PA. Facile and Compact Electrochemical Paper-Based Analytical Device for Point-of-Care Diagnostic of Dual Carcinogen Oxidative Stress Biomarkers through a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Coated on Graphene Quantum-Dot Capped Gold. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16692-16700. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maliwan Amatatongchai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Nongyao Nontawong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Pattanun Ngaosri
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | | | - Surasak Wanram
- Biomedical Science Research Unit, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Purim Jarujamrus
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Duangjai Nacapricha
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Peter A. Lieberzeit
- Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Nontawong N, Ngaosri P, Chunta S, Jarujamrus P, Nacapricha D, Lieberzeit PA, Amatatongchai M. Smart sensor for assessment of oxidative/nitrative stress biomarkers using a dual-imprinted electrochemical paper-based analytical device. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1191:339363. [PMID: 35033235 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel dual-imprinted electrochemical paper-based analytical device (Di-ePAD) to simultaneously determine 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and assess oxidative and nitrative biomarkers in urine and plasma samples. The Di-ePAD was designed with hydrophobic barrier layers formed on filter paper to provide three-dimensional circular reservoirs and assembled electrodes. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized using a silica nanosphere decorated with silver nanoparticles (SiO2@AgNPs) as a core covered with dual-analyte imprinted sites on the polymer to recognize selectively and bind the target biomarkers. This strategy drives monodispersity and enhances the conductivity of the resulting MIP core-shell products. 3-NT-MIP and 8-OHdG-MIP were synthesized by successively coating the surface of SiO2@AgNPs with l-Cysteine via the thiol group, then terminating with MIP shells. The dual imprinted core-shell composites possess attractive properties for the target biomarkers' sensing, including catalytic activity, selectivity, and good conductivity. The Di-ePAD revealed excellent linear dynamic ranges of 0.01-500 μM for 3-NT and 0.05-500 μM for 8-OHdG, with detection limits of 0.0027 μM for 3-NT and 0.0138 μM for 8-OHdG. This newly developed method based on the synergistic effects of SiO2@AgNPs combined with promising properties of MIP offers outstanding selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility, simplicity, and low cost for quantitative analysis of 3-NT and 8-OHdG. The proposed Di-ePAD showed good accuracy and precision when applied to actual samples, including urine and serum samples validated by a conventional HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongyao Nontawong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand
| | - Pattanun Ngaosri
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand
| | - Suticha Chunta
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Purim Jarujamrus
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand
| | - Duangjai Nacapricha
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Peter A Lieberzeit
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maliwan Amatatongchai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand; Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Thailand.
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Nguyen H, Sahbaie P, Goba L, Sul J, Suzaki A, Clark JD, Huang TT. Exposure to Gulf War Illness-related agents leads to the development of chronic pain and fatigue. Life Sci 2021; 283:119867. [PMID: 34358550 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A substantial contingent of veterans from the first Gulf War continues to suffer from a number of Gulf War-related illnesses (GWI) affecting the neurological and musculoskeletal systems; the most common symptoms include chronic pain and fatigue. Although animal models have recapitulated several aspects of cognitive impairments in GWI, the pain and fatigue symptoms have not been well documented to allow examination of potential pathogenic mechanisms. MAIN METHODS We used a mouse model of GWI by exposing mice repeatedly to a combination of Gulf War chemicals (pyridostigmine bromide, permethrin, DEET, and chlorpyrifos) and mild immobilization stress, followed by investigating their pain susceptibilities and fatigue symptoms. To assess whether enhanced antioxidant capacity can counter the effects of GW agents, transgenic mice overexpressing extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3OE) were also examined. KEY FINDINGS The mouse model recapitulated several aspects of the human illness, including hyperalgesia, impaired descending inhibition of pain, and increased tonic pain. There is a close association between chronic pain and fatigue in GWI patients. Consistent with this observation, the mouse model showed a significant reduction in physical endurance on the treadmill. Examination of skeletal muscles suggested reduction in mitochondrial functions may have contributed to the fatigue symptoms. Furthermore, the negative impacts of GW agents in pain susceptibilities were largely diminished in SOD3OE mice, suggesting that increased oxidative stress was associated with the emergence of these Gulf War symptoms. SIGNIFICANCE the mouse model will be suitable for delineating specific defects in the pain pathways and mechanisms of fatigue in GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Nguyen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States of America; Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, United States of America; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, United States of America
| | - Peyman Sahbaie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States of America; Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, United States of America; Anesthesiology Service, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, United States of America
| | - Lihle Goba
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, United States of America
| | - Julian Sul
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, United States of America
| | - Aoi Suzaki
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, United States of America
| | - J David Clark
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States of America; Anesthesiology Service, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, United States of America
| | - Ting-Ting Huang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States of America; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, United States of America.
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Shibazaki T, Motoki N, Misawa Y, Ohira S, Inaba Y, Kanai M, Kurita H, Nakazawa Y, Tsukahara T, Nomiyama T. Association between pesticide usage during pregnancy and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia requiring treatment: the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1565-1570. [PMID: 32756550 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-1100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy may cause oxidative hemolysis leading to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. This investigation examined for associations between maternal use of pesticides or repellents during pregnancy and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy. METHODS We used the dataset from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a large national birth cohort study registered from January 31, 2011 to March 31, 2014. The fixed data of 61,751 live births were used to evaluate the presence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and potential confounding factors. We employed multiple logistic regression analysis to identify correlations between the frequency of maternal pesticide or repellent use during pregnancy and clinically relevant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. RESULTS After controlling for confounding factors, there were significant associations between neonatal hyperbilirubinemia necessitating phototherapy and the frequent use of indoor insecticide spray (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05-1.38). For spray- or lotion-type insect repellents, an opposite relationship was observed (more than a few times a week: OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.61-0.81, up to a few times a month: OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.78-0.91). CONCLUSION The frequent use of indoor insecticide spray during pregnancy showed an increased risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy, which was absent for spray- or lotion-type insect repellents. IMPACT The frequent use of indoor insecticide spray during pregnancy showed an increased risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy, which was absent for spray- or lotion-type insect repellents. This is the first study examining the effects of maternal exposure to pesticides or repellents on clinically relevant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia using a dataset from a nationwide birth cohort study. This large-scale Japanese cohort study revealed that the frequent use of indoor insecticide spray during pregnancy may increase the risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia requiring treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Shibazaki
- Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Noriko Motoki
- Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuka Misawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohira
- Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University of School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuji Inaba
- Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Makoto Kanai
- Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurita
- Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yozo Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Teruomi Tsukahara
- Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nomiyama
- Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan. .,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
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Sun G, Wang S, Zhou J, Pan J, Tong Y, Mei Q, Zhai H. Constructing a simple and sensitive electrochemical sensor for the determination of NMN based on p-m-ABSA film modified glassy carbon electrode. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Legeay S, Clere N, Apaire-Marchais V, Faure S, Lapied B. Unusual modes of action of the repellent DEET in insects highlight some human side effects. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 825:92-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Constructing a novel composite of molecularly imprinted polymer-coated AuNPs electrochemical sensor for the determination of 3-nitrotyrosine. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Roy DN, Goswami R, Pal A. The insect repellents: A silent environmental chemical toxicant to the health. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 50:91-102. [PMID: 28171823 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a large number of insect repellents have been developed with the idea of consumer benefits. In addition to already known advantageous application of insect repellents, there is increasing concern about the potential toxicity in environment leading to health caused by random use of these compounds. An increasing number of evidence suggests that insect repellents may trigger undesirable hazardous interactions with biological systems with a potential to generate harmful effects including intermediate metabolites. Biotransformation followed by bioaccumulation (vice e versa) may be an important phenomenon for toxic response of this chemicals. In this review, we have summarized the current state of knowledge on the insect repellent toxicity, including biochemical pathway alteration under in vitro and in vivo conditions considering different classes of organisms, from lower to higher vertebrate. Furthermore, we have tried to incorporate the effects of insect repellent in light of some clinical reports. We hope this review would provide useful information on potential side effects of uncontrolled use of insect repellents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijendra Nath Roy
- Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Tripura, India.
| | - Ritobrata Goswami
- School of Bio Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayantika Pal
- Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Tripura, India
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Eraslan G, Kanbur M, Siliğ Y, Karabacak M, Soyer Sarica Z, Şahin S. The acute and chronic toxic effect of cypermethrin, propetamphos, and their combinations in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1415-1429. [PMID: 25926273 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at determining the acute and chronic toxic effects of cypermethrin, propetamphos, and combined cypermethrin and propetamphos. Four groups, each comprising 10 animals, were established for the acute (a) and chronic (b) toxicity trials, and in total, 80 male Wistar albino rats were used. In the acute toxicity trial, the first group was maintained for control purposes, and groups 2a, 3a, and 4a were administered only once with 80 mg/kg.bw of cypermethrin, 25 mg/kg.bw of propetamphos and 80 mg/kg.bw of cypermethrin combined with 25 mg/kg.bw of propetamphos, respectively, by gavage directly into the stomach. In the chronic toxicity trial, the first group was also maintained for control purposes, while groups 2b, 3b, and 4b were administered daily with 12 mg/kg.bw of cypermethrin, 4 mg/kg.bw of propetamphos, and 12 mg/kg.bw of cypermethrin combined with 4 mg/kg.bw of propetamphos respectively, by gavage directly into the stomach for 60 days. Blood and tissue (liver, kidney, brain, spleen, and testis) samples were taken 24 h after pesticide administration in the acute toxicity trial and at the end of day 60 in the chronic toxicity trial. Oxidative stress (MDA, NO, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and G6PD) parameters, serum biochemical parameters (glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP, protein, and albumin) and hepatic drug-metabolizing parameters (CYP2E1, CYPB5, CYTC, GST, and GSH) were investigated in the samples. When administered either alone or in combination, both pesticides inhibited the antioxidant enzymes and increased MDA and NO levels. For the drug-metabolizing parameters investigated, particularly in the chronic period, either increase (CYP2E1, CYPB5, and CYTC) or decrease (GST and GSH) was observed. Furthermore, some negative changes were detected in the serum biochemical parameters. In result, cypermethrin and propetamphos combinations and long-term exposure to these combinations produced a greater toxic effect than the administration of these insecticides alone. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1415-1429, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Eraslan
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Murat Kanbur
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Siliğ
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mürsel Karabacak
- Erciyes University, Safiye Çıkrıkcıoğlu Vacational Collage, Animal Health Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Soyer Sarica
- Erciyes University, Hakan Çetinsaya Experimental Animal Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serap Şahin
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Sivas, Turkey
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Wang X, Martínez MA, Dai M, Chen D, Ares I, Romero A, Castellano V, Martínez M, Rodríguez JL, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Anadón A, Yuan Z. Permethrin-induced oxidative stress and toxicity and metabolism. A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 149:86-104. [PMID: 27183507 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Permethrin (PER), the most frequently used synthetic Type I pyrethroid insecticide, is widely used in the world because of its high activity as an insecticide and its low mammalian toxicity. It was originally believed that PER exhibited low toxicity on untargeted animals. However, as its use became more extensive worldwide, increasing evidence suggested that PER might have a variety of toxic effects on animals and humans alike, such as neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, reproductive, genotoxic, and haematotoxic effects, digestive system toxicity, and cytotoxicity. A growing number of studies indicate that oxidative stress played critical roles in the various toxicities associated with PER. To date, almost no review has addressed the toxicity of PER correlated with oxidative stress. The focus of this article is primarily to summarise advances in the research associated with oxidative stress as a potential mechanism for PER-induced toxicity as well as its metabolism. This review summarises the research conducted over the past decade into the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative stress as a consequence of PER treatments, and ultimately their correlation with the toxicity and the metabolism of PER. The metabolism of PER involves various CYP450 enzymes, alcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenases for oxidation and the carboxylesterases for hydrolysis, through which oxidative stress might occur, and such metabolic factors are also reviewed. The protection of a variety of antioxidants against PER-induced toxicity is also discussed, in order to further understand the role of oxidative stress in PER-induced toxicity. This review will throw new light on the critical roles of oxidative stress in PER-induced toxicity, as well as on the blind spots that still exist in the understanding of PER metabolism, the cellular effects in terms of apoptosis and cell signaling pathways, and finally strategies to help to protect against its oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Menghong Dai
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Castellano
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Rodríguez
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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11
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Acar ET, Onar AN, Onar MK. Investigation of electrochemical behavior and development of a validated adsorptive stripping square wave voltammetry method for 3-nitrotyrosine in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Campos D, Gravato C, Quintaneiro C, Soares AMVM, Pestana JLT. Responses of the aquatic midge Chironomus riparius to DEET exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 172:80-85. [PMID: 26773354 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) is the active ingredient of many commercial insect repellents. Despite being detected worldwide in effluents, surface water and groundwater, there is still limited information on DEET's toxicity toward non-target aquatic invertebrates. Thus, our main objective was to assess the effects of DEET in the life cycle of Chironomus riparius and assess its biochemical effects. Laboratory assays showed that DEET reduced developmental rates (reduced larval growth, delayed emergence) of C. riparius larvae and also caused a decrease in the size of adult midges. Concerning the biochemical responses, a short exposure to DEET caused no effects in lipid peroxidation, despite the significant inhibition of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities and of total glutathione contents. Moreover, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity was also observed showing neurotoxic effects. Environmental risk assessment of insect repellents is needed. Our results showed moderate toxicity of DEET toward C. riparius, however, due to their mode of action, indirect ecological effects of DEET and of other insect repellents cannot be excluded and should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Campos
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carla Quintaneiro
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João L T Pestana
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Kanbur M, Siliğ Y, Eraslan G, Karabacak M, Soyer Sarıca Z, Şahin S. The toxic effect of cypermethrin, amitraz and combinations of cypermethrin-amitraz in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:5232-42. [PMID: 26561326 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of cypermethrin (CYP), amitraz (AMT) and combined cypermethrin-amitraz (CYP-AMT) on some serum biochemical, oxidative stress and drug-metabolising parameters were investigated in male Wistar albino rats. CYP, AMT and combined CYP-AMT were administered at doses of 80 mg kg(-1) bw(-1) of CYP and 170 mg kg(-1) bw(-1) of AMT for 1 day (single dose), and at doses of 12 mg kg(-1) bw(-1) of CYP and 25 mg kg(-1) bw(-1) of AMT for 40 days by oral gavage. Oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), serum biochemical (glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, asparatate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, albumin) in blood/tissues (liver, kidney, brain, spleen and testis) and hepatic drug-metabolising (cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (CYPb5), NADPH-cytochrome c reductase/NADPH cytocrome P450 reductase (CYTC), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH)) parameters were measured in liver samples taken on days 1 and 40. In result, it was determined that CYP, AMT and their combinations led to significant changes in the parameters investigated, and it was ascertained that long-term exposure to insecticides and the administration of insecticide combinations produced greater toxic effects in comparison with the administration of insecticides alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kanbur
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Siliğ
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Eraslan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Mürsel Karabacak
- Safiye Çıkrıkcıoğlu Vacational Collage, Animal Health Department, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Soyer Sarıca
- Hakan Çetinsaya Experimantal Animal Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serap Şahin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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14
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Effects of subchronic exposure to N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide on selected biomarkers in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:828515. [PMID: 24795897 PMCID: PMC3985181 DOI: 10.1155/2014/828515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) is the most common active ingredient in the insect repellents commonly detected in European groundwater. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subchronic DEET exposure on biochemical and haematological parameters, antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase, and the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Two specific proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes were selected to assess an immunological status of the fish. Fish were exposed for 28 days to three concentrations of DEET (1.0 µg/L, 0.1 mg/L, and 1.0 mg/L) where 1 µg/L is corresponding to the concentration found in the environment. DEET had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on increased RBC, decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin value (MCH) compared to control groups in the concentration of 1 mg/L. A significant decline (P < 0.05) in triacylglycerols (TAG) in plasma was found in the concentration of 1 mg/L compared to the control groups. The parameters of oxidative stress in tissues of common carp were weekly affected and immunological parameters were not affected.
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15
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Mood and memory deficits in a model of Gulf War illness are linked with reduced neurogenesis, partial neuron loss, and mild inflammation in the hippocampus. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:2348-62. [PMID: 23807240 PMCID: PMC3799073 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in mood and cognitive function are the key brain abnormalities observed in Gulf war illness (GWI), a chronic multisymptom health problem afflicting ∼25% of veterans who served in the Persian Gulf War-1. Although the precise cause of GWI is still unknown, combined exposure to a nerve gas prophylaxis drug pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and pesticides DEET and permethrin during the war has been proposed as one of the foremost causes of GWI. We investigated the effect of 4 weeks of exposure to Gulf war illness-related (GWIR) chemicals in the absence or presence of mild stress on mood and cognitive function, dentate gyrus neurogenesis, and neurons, microglia, and astrocytes in the hippocampus. Combined exposure to low doses of GWIR chemicals PB, DEET, and permethrin induced depressive- and anxiety-like behavior and spatial learning and memory dysfunction. Application of mild stress in the period of exposure to chemicals exacerbated the extent of mood and cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, these behavioral impairments were associated with reduced hippocampal volume and multiple cellular alterations such as chronic reductions in neural stem cell activity and neurogenesis, partial loss of principal neurons, and mild inflammation comprising sporadic occurrence of activated microglia and significant hypertrophy of astrocytes. The results show the first evidence of an association between mood and cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal pathology epitomized by decreased neurogenesis, partial loss of principal neurons, and mild inflammation in a model of GWI. Hence, treatment strategies that are efficacious for enhancing neurogenesis and suppressing inflammation may be helpful for alleviation of mood and cognitive dysfunction observed in GWI.
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16
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Moss JI. Gulf War illnesses are autoimmune illnesses caused by reactive oxygen species which were caused by nerve agent prophylaxis. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:283-4. [PMID: 22632735 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gulf War illnesses (GWI share many of the features of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and both CFS and GWI may be the result of chronic immune system processes. The main suspected cause for GWI, the drug pyridostigmine bromide (PB), has been shown to cause neuronal damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS have been associated with IgM mediated autoimmune responses against ROS induced neoepitopes in depressed patients and this may also apply to CFS. It therefore follows that the drug used in the Gulf War caused ROS, the ROS modified native molecules, and that this trigged the autoimmune condition we refer to as Gulf War illnesses. Similar mechanisms may apply to other autoimmune illnesses.
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17
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A high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical array method for the measurement of oxidative/nitrative changes in human urine. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3269-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Ryberg H, Caidahl K. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods for quantitative determination of 3-nitrotyrosine in biological samples and their application to human samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 851:160-71. [PMID: 17344105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Revised: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The permanent modification of soluble and protein-associated tyrosine by nitration results in the formation of 3-nitrotyrosine, which can be used as a marker of "nitro-oxidative" damage to proteins. Based on the analysis of patient materials, over 40 different diseases and/or conditions have been linked to increased nitration of tyrosine. They include many cardiovascular diseases, conditions associated with immunological reactions and neurological diseases. In this article we review the existing chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods for quantitative measurements of 3-nitrotyrosine in different human biological samples including plasma, either from the free amino acid pool or from hydrolyzed proteins from different matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Ryberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
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19
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Mayadunne R, Nguyen TT, Marriott PJ. Amino acid analysis by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:836-47. [PMID: 15838615 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2004] [Revised: 01/06/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The separation characteristics of alkylchloroformate-derivatised amino acids (AAs) by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) is reported. The use of a low-polarity/polar column set did not provide as good a separation performance as that achieved with a polar/non-polar column set, where the latter appeared to provide less correlation over the separation space. The degree of component correlation in each column set was estimated by using the correlation coefficient (r(2); for (1)t(R) and (2)t(R) data) with the low-polarity/polar and polar/low-polarity sets returning correlation coefficients of 0.86, and 0.00 respectively, under the respective conditions employed for the experiments. The 1.5-m non-polar (2)D column (0.1-mm ID; 0.1-mum film thickness) gave peak halfwidths of the order of 50-80 ms. Linearity of detection was good, over a three order of magnitude concentration range, with typical lower detection limit of ca. 0.01 mg L(-1), compared with 0.5 mg L(-1) for normal GC operation with splitless injection. The method was demonstrated for analysis of AAs in a range of food and beverage products, including wine, beer and honey. The major AA in these samples was proline. The Heineken beer sample had a relatively more complex and more abundant AA content compared with the other beer sample. The wine and honey samples also gave a range of AA compounds. Repetition of the sample preparation/analysis procedure for the honey sample gave acceptable reproducibility for individual AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Mayadunne
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne 3001, Australia
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20
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Abdel-Rahman A, Abou-Donia S, El-Masry E, Shetty A, Abou-Donia M. Stress and combined exposure to low doses of pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and permethrin produce neurochemical and neuropathological alterations in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2004; 67:163-192. [PMID: 14675905 DOI: 10.1080/15287390490264802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to a combination of stress and low doses of the chemicals pyridostigmine bromide (PB), DEET, and permethrin in adult rats, a model of Gulf War exposure, produces blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and neuronal cell death in the cingulate cortex, dentate gyrus, thalamus, and hypothalamus. In this study, neuropathological alterations in other areas of the brain where no apparent BBB disruption was observed was studied following such exposure. Animals exposed to both stress and chemical exhibited decreased brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the midbrain, brainstem, and cerebellum and decreased m2 muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor ligand binding in the midbrain and cerebellum. These alterations were associated with significant neuronal cell death, reduced microtubule-associated protein (MAP-2) expression, and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampal subfields CA1 and CA3. In the cerebellum, the neurochemical alterations were associated with Purkinje cell loss and increased GFAP immunoreactivity in the white matter. However, animals subjected to either stress or chemicals alone did not show any of these changes in comparison to vehicle-treated controls. Collectively, these results suggest that prolonged exposure to a combination of stress and the chemicals PB, DEET, and permethrin can produce significant damage to the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, even in the absence of apparent BBB damage. As these areas of the brain are respectively important for the maintenance of motor and sensory functions, learning and memory, and gait and coordination of movements, such alterations could lead to many physiological, pharmacological, and behavioral abnormalities, particularly motor deficits and learning and memory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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21
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Faulde MK, Uedelhoven WM, Robbins RG. Contact toxicity and residual activity of different permethrin-based fabric impregnation methods for Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae), and Lepisma saccharina (Thysanura: Lepismatidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2003; 40:935-941. [PMID: 14765673 DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585-40.6.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness and residual activities of permethrin-impregnated military battle dress uniforms were evaluated by comparing a new company-manufactured ready-to-use polymer-coating method with two "dipping methods" that are currently used to treat uniforms. Residual permethrin amounts and remaining contact toxicities on treated fabrics before and after up to 100 launderings were tested against Aedes aegypti (L.), Ixodes ricinus (L.), and Lepisma saccharina (L.). The residual amount of permethrin was considerably higher with the polymer-coating method: 280 mg a.i./m2 after 100 launderings, compared with 16 and 11 mg a.i./m2, respectively, obtained when using the two dipping methods. Hard ticks were most susceptible to the new polymer-coating method, resulting in prelaundering 100% knockdown times of 7.0 +/- 0.9 min, whereas equivalent times for the dipping methods were 7.9 +/- 0.35 min and 8.0 +/- 0.54 min, respectively. After 100 launderings, 100% knockdown of I. ricinus nymphs was reached at 15.2 +/- 1.04 min using the polymer-coating method, compared with 178.8 +/- 24.7 min and 231 +/- 53.6 min, respectively, using the dipping methods. Similar results were obtained for Ae. aegypti and L. saccharina, indicating that the polymer-coating method is more effective and efficient when compared with the dipping methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Faulde
- Department of Medical Zoology, Central Institute of the Federal Armed Forces Medical Service, Koblenz, Germany.
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22
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Abou-Donia MB, Suliman HB, Khan WA, Abdel-Rahman AA. Testicular germ-cell apoptosis in stressed rats following combined exposure to pyridostigmine bromide, N,N-diethyl m-toluamide (DEET), and permethrin. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2003; 66:57-73. [PMID: 12587291 DOI: 10.1080/15287390306463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study reports and characterizes the testicular apoptosis following daily exposure of male Sprague-Dawley rats to subchronic combined doses of pyridostigmine bromide (PB, 1.3 mg/kg/d in water, oral), a drug used for treatment of myasthenia gravis and prophylactic treatment against nerve agents during the Persian Gulf War; the insect repellent N,N-diethyl m-toluamide (DEET, 40 mg/kg/d in ethanol, dermal); and the insecticide permethrin (0.13 mg/kg in ethanol, dermal), with and without stress for 28 d. Combined exposure to these chemicals was implicated in the development of illnesses including genitourinary disorders among many veterans of the Persian Gulf War. Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that exposure to combination of these chemicals produced greater toxicity compared to single components. Exposure to stress alone did not cause any significant histopathological alterations in the testes. Administration of combination of these chemicals induced apoptosis in rat testicular germ cells, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells, as well as in the endothelial lining of the blood vessels. Testicular damage was significantly augmented when the animals were further exposed to a combination of chemicals and stress. Histopathological examination of testicular tissue sections showed that apoptosis was confined to the basal germ cells and spermatocytes, indicating suppression of spermatogenesis. Increased apoptosis of testicular cells coincided, in timing and localization, with increased expression of the apoptosis-promoting proteins Bax and p53. Furthermore, significant increase of 3-nitrotyrosine immunostaining in the testis revealed oxidative and/or nitrosation induction of cell death. In conclusion, combined exposure to real-life doses of test compounds caused germ-cell apoptosis that was significantly enhanced by stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed B Abou-Donia
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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23
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Abu-Qare AW, Abou-Donia MB. Combined exposure to DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) and permethrin: pharmacokinetics and toxicological effects. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2003; 6:41-53. [PMID: 12587253 DOI: 10.1080/10937400390155481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Permethrin and DEET are concurrently used for pests control inside homes, in public places, and in military shelters. Combined exposure to these compounds produced greater biochemical, behavioral, and metabolic alterations in animals compared to each individual compound. Concurrent application of DEET and permethrin induced urinary excretion of 3-nitrotyrosine and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, markers of DNA damage and oxidative stress in rats, increased the release of rat brain mitochondrial cytochrome c, disrupted the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats, decreased m2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ligand binding density in rat brain, increased urinary excretion of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol, a marker CYP3A4 induction, altered sensorimotor and locomotor activities in rats, and changed in vivo and in vitro metabolism and pharmacokinetic profiles of the individual compound. These findings show that more research is needed to examine adverse effects of the combined use of DEET and permethrin on other biochemical/physiological system(s) and to predict mechanistic pathways for these effects, particularly mechanism of action at cellular and molecular levels and alterations of genes transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqel W Abu-Qare
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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24
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Prater MR, Gogal RM, Blaylock BL, Holladay SD. Cis-urocanic acid increases immunotoxicity and lethality of dermally administered permethrin in C57BL/6N mice. Int J Toxicol 2003; 22:35-42. [PMID: 12573947 DOI: 10.1080/10915810305070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory effects of a single topical permethrin exposure, 5-day exposure to cis-urocanic acid (cUCA), or a combination of the two chemicals were evaluated in 4- to 5-week-old female C57BL/6N mice. Permethrin alone decreased thymic weight and cellularity. Although cUCA alone did not affect thymic end points, coexposure to topical permethrin and cUCA exacerbated the thymolytic effects of permethrin. The single topical dose of permethrin also depressed several immune responses in isolated splenic leukocytes. This included splenic T-cell proliferative response to mitogen, splenic macrophage hydrogen peroxide production, and splenic B lymphocyte-specific antibody production. Unlike the effect of coexposure to these agents on thymic end points, cUCA did not exacerbate permethrin's adverse effect on any of the splenic end points examined. These results appear to suggest divergent mechanisms by which these compounds affect precursor and functionally mature T cells. At the doses used in this study, permethrin caused neurotoxic effects, including lethality, in a portion of the mice. For undetermined reasons, cUCA significantly increased the rate of lethality caused by permethrin. Although the permethrin doses used in this study exceed that typically used in human medicine, these results raise some concerns about the possibility that sunlight, via cUCA, may increase the risk of adverse central nervous system and immune effects caused by permethrin alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Prater
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0442, USA.
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25
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Abu-Qare AW, Abou-Donia MB. DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) alone and in combination with permethrin increased urinary excretion of 6beta-hydroxycortisol in rats, a marker of hepatic CYP3A induction. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2001; 64:373-384. [PMID: 11700004 DOI: 10.1080/152873901753170722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the ratio of 6beta-hydroxycortisol (6beta-OHF) to free cortisol (F) was determined in urine following a single dermal dose of 400 mg/kg of DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide), and 1.3 mg/kg of permethrin, alone and in combination, in rats. Urine samples were collected at 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 h after application. Recoveries of 6beta-OHF and cortisol (F) from control urine samples were between 75 and 85%, with limits of detection at 30 and 10 ng/ml for cortisol and 6beta-OHF, respectively. A single dermal dose of DEET alone and in combination with permethrin significantly increased urinary excretion of 6beta-hydroxycortisol 24 h after dosing. Permethrin did not significantly alter the urinary excretion of 6beta-hydroxycortisol. These results indicate that DEET, alone and in combination with permethrin, increased urinary excretion of 6beta-OHF in rats following a single dermal dose application.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Abu-Qare
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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