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Zhang Y, Yonezawa A, Nakagawa S, Imai S, Denda M, Omura T, Nakagawa T, Matsubara K. Cisplatin, rather than oxaliplatin, increases paracellular permeability of LLC-PK1 cells via activating protein kinase C. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 35:111-116. [PMID: 31964622 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The clinical use of cisplatin is limited by its adverse events, particularly serious nephrotoxicity. It was clarified that cisplatin is transported by a kidney-specific organic cation transporter (OCT2). OCT2 also mediates the uptake of oxaliplatin into renal proximal tubular cells; however, this agent does not lead nephrotoxicity. In the present study, we carried out comparative experiments with cisplatin and oxaliplatin using porcine kidney LLC-PK1 cell monolayers. In the fluorescein-labeled isothiocyanate-dextran flux assay, the basolateral application of cisplatin, but not oxaliplatin, resulted in an increase in the paracellular permeability of cell monolayers. Even though the cellular accumulation of platinum at 50 μM oxaliplatin could reach the same level at 30 μM cisplatin, oxaliplatin did not induce hyper-permeability in cell monolayers. Cisplatin, but not oxaliplatin, significantly activated PKC. In addition, the combination of PKC inhibitors recovered the increase in paracellular permeability. In conclusion, pharmacodynamic mechanisms via PKC could explain the difference in nephrotoxicity between cisplatin and oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yonezawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Shunsaku Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masaya Denda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Omura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuo Matsubara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Moustafa FE, Sobh MA, Abouelkheir M, Khater Y, Mahmoud K, Saad MA, Sobh MA. Study of the Effect of Route of Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Sprague Dawley Rats. Int J Stem Cells 2016; 9:79-89. [PMID: 27426089 PMCID: PMC4961107 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2016.9.1.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to ameliorate cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). The present study compares the efficacy of different routes of MSCs administration on kidney damage and regeneration after cisplatin-induced AKI. METHODS A single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) was used to induce AKI in 160 rats. MSCs (5×10⁶) were given by either intravenous, intra-arterial or kidney sub capsular injection one day after cisplatin injection. Suitable control groups were included. Rats were sacrificed at 4, 7, 11 and 30 days after cisplatin injection. Kidney function parameters, kidney tissue oxidative stress markers, and scoring for renal tissue injury, regeneration and chronicity were all determined. RESULTS MSCs by any routes were able to ameliorate kidney function deterioration and renal tissue damage induced by cisplatin. The overall results of the three routes were equal. Differences between the different routes in one parameter were transient and inconsistent with other parameters. CONCLUSIONS Changing the route of MSCs injection does not have a major influence on the outcome. Future evaluation should focus on differences between the routes of administration considering the long term safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma E Moustafa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura,
Egypt
| | - Mohamed-A Sobh
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura,
Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abouelkheir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura,
Egypt
| | - Youmna Khater
- Mansoura Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura,
Egypt
| | - Khalid Mahmoud
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura,
Egypt
| | - Mohamed-Ahdy Saad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura,
Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Sobh
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura,
Egypt
- Mansoura Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura,
Egypt
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3
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Blockade of KCa3.1 potassium channels protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:2249-2260. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Tanley SWM, Diederichs K, Kroon-Batenburg LMJ, Levy C, Schreurs AMM, Helliwell JR. Carboplatin binding to histidine. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014; 70:1135-42. [PMID: 25195881 PMCID: PMC4157408 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x14016161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboplatin is a second-generation platinum anticancer agent used for the treatment of a variety of cancers. Previous X-ray crystallographic studies of carboplatin binding to histidine (in hen egg-white lysozyme; HEWL) showed the partial conversion of carboplatin to cisplatin owing to the high NaCl concentration used in the crystallization conditions. HEWL co-crystallizations with carboplatin in NaBr conditions have now been carried out to confirm whether carboplatin converts to the bromine form and whether this takes place in a similar way to the partial conversion of carboplatin to cisplatin observed previously in NaCl conditions. Here, it is reported that a partial chemical transformation takes place but to a transplatin form. Thus, to attempt to resolve purely carboplatin binding at histidine, this study utilized co-crystallization of HEWL with carboplatin without NaCl to eliminate the partial chemical conversion of carboplatin. Tetragonal HEWL crystals co-crystallized with carboplatin were successfully obtained in four different conditions, each at a different pH value. The structural results obtained show carboplatin bound to either one or both of the N atoms of His15 of HEWL, and this particular variation was dependent on the concentration of anions in the crystallization mixture and the elapsed time, as well as the pH used. The structural details of the bound carboplatin molecule also differed between them. Overall, the most detailed crystal structure showed the majority of the carboplatin atoms bound to the platinum centre; however, the four-carbon ring structure of the cyclobutanedicarboxylate moiety (CBDC) remained elusive. The potential impact of the results for the administration of carboplatin as an anticancer agent are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon W. M. Tanley
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, England
| | - Kay Diederichs
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Loes M. J. Kroon-Batenburg
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Levy
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, England
| | - Antoine M. M. Schreurs
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John R. Helliwell
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, England
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5
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Helliwell JR, Tanley SWM. The crystal structure analysis of the relative binding of cisplatin and carboplatin in a mixture with histidine in a protein studied at 100 and 300 K with repeated X-ray irradiation. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2012; 69:121-5. [PMID: 23275170 DOI: 10.1107/s090744491204423x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer agents cisplatin and carboplatin bind to histidine in a protein. This crystal structure study at data-collection temperatures of 100 and 300 K examines their relative binding affinities to a histidine side chain and the effect of a high X-ray radiation dose of up to ∼1.8 MGy on the stability of the subsequent protein-Pt adducts. Cisplatin binding is visible at the histidine residue, but carboplatin binding is not. Five refined X-ray crystal structures are presented: one at 100 K as a reference and four at 300 K. The diffraction resolutions are 1.8, 2.0, 2.8, 2.9 and 3.5 Å.
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Hassan I, Chibber S, Khan AA, Naseem I. Riboflavin ameliorates cisplatin induced toxicities under photoillumination. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36273. [PMID: 22567145 PMCID: PMC3342168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cisplatin is an effective anticancer drug that elicits many side effects mainly due to induction of oxidative and nitrosative stresses during prolonged chemotherapy. The severity of these side effects consequently restricts its clinical use under long term treatment. Riboflavin is an essential vitamin used in various metabolic redox reactions in the form of flavin adenine dinucleotide and flavin mononucleotide. Besides, it has excellent photosensitizing property that can be used to ameliorate these toxicities in mice under photodynamic therapy. Methods and Findings Riboflavin, cisplatin and their combinations were given to the separate groups of mice under photoilluminated condition under specific treatment regime. Their kidney and liver were excised for comet assay and histopathological studies. Furthermore, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of riboflavin-cisplatin combination in vitro was also conducted to investigate any possible interaction between the two compounds. Their comet assay and histopathological examination revealed that riboflavin in combination with cisplatin was able to protect the tissues from cisplatin induced toxicities and damages. Moreover, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis of the combination indicated a strong molecular interaction among their constituent groups that may be assigned for the protective effect of the combination in the treated animals. Conclusion Inclusion of riboflavin diminishes cisplatin induced toxicities which may possibly make the cisplatin-riboflavin combination, an effective treatment strategy under chemoradiotherapy in pronouncing its antineoplastic activity and sensitivity towards the cancer cells as compared to cisplatin alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftekhar Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Sandesh Chibber
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Aijaz A. Khan
- Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Imrana Naseem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- * E-mail:
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Mansour HH, Hafez HF, Fahmy NM. Silymarin modulates Cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats. BMB Rep 2007; 39:656-61. [PMID: 17129399 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2006.39.6.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is a widely used anticancer drug, but at high dose, it can produce undesirable side effects such as hepatotoxicity. Because silymrin has been used to treat liver disorders, the protective effect of silymarin on CDDP-induced hepatotoxicity was evaluated in rats. Hepatotoxicity was determined by changes in serum alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST], nitric oxide [NO] levels, albumin and calcium levels, and superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSHPx] activities, glutathione content, malondialdehyde [MDA] and nitric oxide [NO] levels in liver tissue of rats. Male albino rats were divided into four groups, 10 rats in each. In the control group, rats were injected i.p. with 0.2 ml of propylene glycol in saline 75/25 (v/v) for 5 consecutive days [Silymarin was dissolved in 0.2 ml of propylene glycol in saline 75/25 v/v]. The second group were injected with CDDP (7.5 mg /kg, I.P.), whereas animals in the third group were i.p. injected with silymarin at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days. The Fourth group received a daily i.p. injection of silymarin (100 mg/kg/day for 5 days) 1 hr before a single i.p. injection of CDDP (7.5 mg/kg). CDDP hepatotoxicity was manifested biochemically by an increase in serum ALT and AST, elevation of MDA and NO in liver tissues as well as a decrease in GSH and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, GSHPx in liver tissues. In addition, marked decrease in serum NO, albumin and calcium levels were observed. Serum ALT, AST, liver NO level, MDA was found to decreased in the combination group in comparison with the CDDP group. The activities of SOD, GSHPx, GSH and serum NO were lower in CDDP group than both the control and CDDP pretreated with silymarin groups. The results obtained suggested that silymarin significantly attenuated the hepatotoxicity as an indirect target of CDDP in an animal model of CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Hosny Mansour
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Cairo, Egypt.
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Sabolić I. Common mechanisms in nephropathy induced by toxic metals. Nephron Clin Pract 2006; 104:p107-14. [PMID: 16940748 DOI: 10.1159/000095539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Various metals of unknown function in the body (Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, U), trace elements in excessive concentrations (Co, Cu, Fe, Zn), or metals used in cancer therapy (Pt, V), accumulate in the mammalian kidney, largely in the proximal tubule (PT) cells, and cause functional and structural damage that results in reabsorptive and secretory defects. The intracellular mechanisms of their toxicity in the PT cells are not well known. Recent studies have indicated an oxidative stress with associated lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, and necrosis as common phenomena in the course of nephrotoxicity of these metals. However, a number of other phenomena, such as the selective inhibition and/or loss of various membrane transporters, enhancement of ion conductances, increased cytoplasmic concentration of calcium, deranged cytoskeleton and cell polarity, impaired endocytosis, swelling and fragmentation of mitochondria, increased expression of metallothionein, heat-shock and multidrug resistance proteins, loss of cell membrane integrity, as well as the damage of mitochondrial and genomic DNAs have been fragmentarily demonstrated for the action of some toxic metals, but their importance for the course of nephrotoxicity and the sequence of events in relation to oxidative stress, apoptosis, and necrosis have not been clearly established. Recent studies of metal toxicity in various tissues and cells of non-renal and renal origin enable us to estimate 'causes and consequences' of various phenomena in the metal-induced nephrotoxicity, and to assemble them in a possible common, time-related sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sabolić
- Unit of Molecular Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
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9
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Marzano C, Bettio F, Baccichetti F, Trevisan A, Giovagnini L, Fregona D. Antitumor activity of a new platinum(II) complex with low nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2004; 148:37-48. [PMID: 15223355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2004.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is an important antineoplastic agent, but dose-limiting nephrotoxicity and the occurrence of cellular resistance prevent its potential efficacy. Moreover, cisplatin is known to be carcinogenic and genotoxic in mammalian cells and this feature is of a special interest due to the risk of inducing secondary malignancies. There is a great interest in developing new platinum agents that have broad spectrum of antitumor activity and reduced toxicity. We have recently synthesized a novel platinum(II) coordination complex containing a pyridine nucleus and a dithiocarbamate moiety as ligands, [Pt(ESDT)(Py)Cl], in order to obtain an agent with more favorable therapeutic indices than cisplatin. In this study, the new platinum(II) complex was tested for its cytotoxicity, by MTT assay, on various human cancer cell lines also including different cisplatin-resistant cells endowed with different mechanisms of resistance. On human peripheral blood lymphocytes we evaluated the genotoxic potential of [Pt(ESDT)(Py)Cl] via micronuclei and SCE detection. We also performed in vivo experiments with the purpose of investigating the antitumor and nephrotoxic effects of the new platinum(II) complex. The antitumor activity was studied in ascitic or solid Ehrlich carcinoma bearing mice while nephrotoxicity was monitored in male Wistar rats by means of histopathological findings of renal specimens and of biochemical investigation on urinary parameters (GS and NAG activities and of TUP excretion) of urine samples. The results reported here indicate that [Pt(ESDT)(Py)Cl] showed a remarkable in vitro antitumor activity (with IC50 values about twofold as low as those of cisplatin), moreover, it markedly circumvented the acquired cisplatin resistance in selected human cancer cells. The analysis of the cytogenetic damage in normal cells clearly attested that the new dithiocarbamate complex, tested at equitoxic concentrations, is less genotoxic than cisplatin. Chemotherapy in Ehrlich carcinoma bearing mice with [Pt(ESDT)(Py)Cl] was significantly better tolerated than that with cisplatin. Against the ascitic tumor, [Pt(ESDT)(Py)Cl], showed an activity noticeably higher than that of cisplatin in increasing the life span of treated animals (% T/C = 190 and 129, respectively). In solid-tumor-bearing mice, [Pt(ESDT)(Py)Cl] induced a tumor size reduction very close to that observed with the reference compound. Finally, our findings obtained from the nephrotoxicity studies demonstrated [Pt(ESDT)(Py)Cl] was not nephrotoxic, contrary to cisplatin which caused a notorious acute proximal tubular damage. In summary, [Pt(ESDT)(Py)Cl] may be considered as a new platinum(II) complex with remarkable antitumor activity and low nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity compared with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Marzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Italy.
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10
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Nowak G. Protein kinase C-alpha and ERK1/2 mediate mitochondrial dysfunction, decreases in active Na+ transport, and cisplatin-induced apoptosis in renal cells. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:43377-88. [PMID: 12218054 PMCID: PMC1948818 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m206373200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Initiation of apoptosis by many agents is preceded by mitochondrial dysfunction and depolarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Here we demonstrate that, in renal proximal tubular cells (RPTC), cisplatin induces mitochondrial dysfunction associated with hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and that these events are mediated by protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha and ERK1/2. Cisplatin induced sustained decreases in RPTC respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, and increases in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (deltaPsi(m)), which were preceded by the inhibition of F(0)F(1)-ATPase and cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, accompanied by caspase-3 activation, and followed by RPTC apoptosis. Cisplatin also decreased active Na+ transport as a result, in part, of the inhibition of Na+/K(+)-ATPase. These changes were preceded by PKC-alpha and ERK1/2 activation. Inhibition of cisplatin-induced PKC-alpha and ERK1/2 activation using Go6976 and PD98059, respectively, abolished increases in deltaPsi(m), diminished decreases in oxidative phosphorylation, active Na+ transport, and decreased caspase-3 activation without blocking cytochrome c release. Caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (zVAD-fmk) did not prevent increases in deltaPsi(m). Furthermore, inhibition of PKC-alpha did not prevent cisplatin-induced ERK1/2 activation. We concluded that in RPTC: 1) cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, decreases in active Na+ transport, and apoptosis are mediated by PKC-alpha and ERK1/2; 2) PKC-alpha and ERK1/2 mediate activation of caspase-3 by acting downstream of cytochrome c release from mitochondria; and 3) ERK1/2 activation by cisplatin occurs through a PKC-alpha-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Nowak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
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11
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Zicca A, Cafaggi S, Mariggiò MA, Vannozzi MO, Ottone M, Bocchini V, Caviglioli G, Viale M. Reduction of cisplatin hepatotoxicity by procainamide hydrochloride in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 442:265-72. [PMID: 12065080 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)01537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In preceding papers, we proposed that procainamide hydrochloride, a class I antiarrhythmic agent, was able to protect mice and rats from cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and that it could exert its action through accumulation in kidneys followed by coordination with cisplatin (or its hydrolysis metabolites) and formation of a less toxic platinum compound similar to the new platinum(II) triamine complex cis-diamminechloro-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl 4-amino-benzoate, N4]-chlorideplatinum(II) monohydrochloride monohydrate, obtained by the reaction of cisplatin with procaine hydrochloride. Hepatotoxicity is not considered as a dose-limiting toxicity for cisplatin, but liver toxicity can occur when the antineoplastic drug is administered at high doses. Here, we report that procainamide hydrochloride, at an i.p. dose of 100 mg/kg, reduces cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by the normalization of plasma activity of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, as well as by histological examination of the liver tissue. Twenty-four hours after i.p. treatment with the combination of 7.5 mg/kg cisplatin and 100 mg/kg procainamide, a significant increase of procainamide (+56%, P<0.05), total platinum (+31%, P<0.05), platinum-DNA adducts (+31%, P<0.05) and percent DNA-DNA interstrand cross-links (+69%, P<0.02) was found in liver tissue, as compared to animals treated with cisplatin alone. Moreover, in accordance with these findings, we also observed a slightly lower concentration and cumulative excretion of platinum in the feces. Since mitochondrial injury is considered a central event in the early stages of the nephrotoxic effect of cisplatin, the distribution of platinum in these subcellular organelles obtained from hepatocytes was determined after treatment with cisplatin with or without procainamide hydrochloride, together with platinum concentration in their cytosolic fraction. Our data show that the coadministration of procainamide hydrochloride produced a rearrangement of subcellular platinum distribution in hepatocytes with a slight decrease in mitochondria (-15%, P<0.10) and a slight increase in the cytosolic fraction (+40%, P<0.10) of platinum content, compared to the treatment with cisplatin alone. In analogy with our previous results in the kidney, confirmed here by our data in vitro, we suggest that the hepatoprotective activity of procainamide hydrochloride is linked to the formation of a less toxic platinum complex, which leads to inactivation of cisplatin itself and/or its highly toxic hydrolysis metabolites and to a different subcellular distribution of platinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Zicca
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Università di Genova, Via De Toni, 14, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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12
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Zhang JG, Lindup WE. Cisplatin-induced changes in adenine nucleotides in rat kidney slices: amelioration by tiopronin and procaine. J Pharm Pharmacol 1997; 49:1136-40. [PMID: 9401952 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1997.tb06056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP and AMP) in rat renal cortical slices exposed in-vitro to cisplatin, an anticancer drug, were determined by HPLC. Cisplatin had no effect on total adenine nucleotides in the slices but caused a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in ATP levels with a concomitant increase in ADP and AMP levels. The decrease in ATP and increases in ADP and AMP concentrations became statistically significant after incubation with cisplatin (2 mM) for 90 min or after cisplatin (1 mM) for 120 min. Both tiopronin, a sulphydryl-containing drug, and procaine, an antioxidant, protected against cisplatin-induced changes in the adenine nucleotides. The results indicate a cisplatin-induced defect in cellular energetics that occurs at a relatively late stage in the process of toxicity to the slices in this in-vitro model. Cisplatin-induced depletion of ATP in the slices might result from an increase in catabolism of ATP to ADP and AMP. Maintenance of the normal concentration of ATP in the slices might be involved in the protection afforded by tiopronin and procaine against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, UK
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