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Austin Pickens C, Isenberg SL, Cuthbert C, Petritis K. Combining First and Second-Tier Newborn Screening in a Single Assay Using High-Throughput Chip-Based Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Clin Chem 2021; 67:1709-1720. [PMID: 34606607 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most first-tier newborn screening (NBS) biomarkers are evaluated by a 2-min flow injection analysis coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (FIA-MS/MS) assay. The absence of separation prior to MS/MS analysis can lead to false positives and inconclusive results due to interferences by nominal isobars and isomers. Therefore, many presumptive positive specimens require confirmation by a higher specificity second-tier assay employing separations, which require additional time and resources prior to patient follow-up. METHODS A 3.2-mm punch was taken from dried blood spot (DBS) specimens and extracted using a solution containing isotopically labeled internal standards for quantification. Analyses were carried out in positive mode using a commercially available microfluidic capillary electrophoresis (CE) system coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). RESULTS The CE-HRMS platform quantified 35 first- and second-tier biomarkers from a single injection in <2-min acquisition time, thus, successfully multiplexing first- and second-tier NBS for over 20 disorders in a single DBS punch. The CE-HRMS platform resolved problematic isobars and isomers that affect first-tier FIA-MS/MS assay specificity, while achieving similar quantitative results and assay linearity. CONCLUSIONS Our CE-HRMS assay is capable of multiplexing first- and second-tier NBS biomarkers into a single assay with an acquisition time of <2 min. Such an assay would reduce the volume of false positives and inconclusive specimens flagged for second-tier screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Austin Pickens
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA, USA
| | - Samantha L Isenberg
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA, USA
| | - Carla Cuthbert
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA, USA
| | - Konstantinos Petritis
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA, USA
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2
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Twenty years of amino acid determination using capillary electrophoresis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1174:338233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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3
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Ramezani Z, Safdarian M, Ghadiri AA. Metal-coded hydrogel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for preconcentration and cleanup of sarcosine: Determination in urine; coupled to on-column capillary electrophoresis. Talanta 2021; 230:122309. [PMID: 33934774 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, sarcosine metal-coded hydrogel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (Hydro-MeC-MMIP) has been fabricated and coupled to on-column derivatization capillary electrophoresis (CE). As a metal-coding approach, sarcosine-Cu2+-ligand (Sar-Cu2+-L) chelate complex was introduced as a template to overcome the problems associated with the fabrication of MMIP for a small molecule having limited functional groups such as sarcosine. To our best knowledge, it is the first time that methacrylamide (MA) coated Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@MA) with abounded reactive double-bound on the surface has been used as a magnetic core in the one-pot synthesis of MMIPs. As prepared, Hydro-MeC-MMIP was characterized by different microscopic, spectroscopic, and thermal gravimetric methods. Hydro-MeC-MMIP was used to extract and preconcentrate sarcosine in the urine sample with no treatment and dilution. Sarcosine was quantified by on-column derivatization capillary electrophoresis equipped with a photodiode array detector. A mixture of thirteen amino acids was separated with a total run time of 12 min. Three structural analogs, including alanine, sarcosine, and glycine, were significantly resolved. Under optimal experimental conditions, the method's detection and quantification limits were 9.93 and 33.10 ng mL-1, respectively. The linear range of 50-2000 ng mL-1 and 96% recovery, along with the relative standard deviation of 6.07% (n = 6) for the target amino acid, were obtained. This method provides a simple, low-cost, fast, and efficient tool for extracting and quantifying sarcosine in the urine. The present method can address inconsistency in evaluating sarcosine as a candidate biomarker for prostate cancer with a simple CE/UV; no need for a sophisticated detection system such as a mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ramezani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Safdarian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Ata A Ghadiri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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4
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Ta HY, Perquis L, Sarazin C, Guiard B, Meang VO, Collin F, Couderc F. 3-(4-Carboxybenzoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde labeling for direct analysis of amino acids in plasma is not suitable for simultaneous quantification of tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, and isoleucine by CE/fluorescence. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1108-1114. [PMID: 33469939 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis coupled to LED-induced fluorescence detection is a robust and sensitive technique used for amino acids (AA) analysis in biological media, after labeling with 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA). We wanted to quantitate in plasma tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), valine (Val), and isoleucine (Ile). Among the different labeled AA-CBQCA, Trp has the lowest fluorescence yield, which makes its detection and quantification very difficult in biological samples such as plasma. We tried to improve Trp analysis by CE/LED-induced fluorescence detection to its maximal sensitivity by using large volume sample stacking as a preconcentration step in our analytical protocol. At pH 9.5, this step caused a drop in resolution during the separation of the four AAs and it was therefore necessary to work at pH 10. We have found that Tyr, Val, Ile, and Trp are detected and well separated from the other AAs, but Trp cannot be quantified in plasma samples, mainly because of the low fluorescence yield of the Trp-CBQCA derivative. The recorded LOD is 0.18 μM for Trp-CBQCA in standard solution with a resolution between Trp and Tyr of 1.2, while the LOD is 6 μM in plasma with the same resolution. Trp, Tyr, Val, and Ile are, however, efficiently quantified when using a 3 M acetic acid electrolyte and CE associated with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection, which also has the advantage of not requiring derivatization or large volume sample stacking. This article demonstrates, for the CE user, that quantitative analysis of these four AA in mouse plasma can be performed by CE-fluorescence after CBQCA labeling, with the exception of Trp. It can be advantageously replaced by CE/capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection, the only efficient one for Trp, Tyr, Val, and Ile quantification. In this case, the LOD for Trp is 2 μM. The four AAs are separated with resolution with neighbors above 1.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yen Ta
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Perquis
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Bruno Guiard
- CRCA, UMR 5169-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Varravaddheay Ong Meang
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabrice Collin
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - François Couderc
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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5
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Xi Q, Shi M, Geng X, Wang X, Guan Y. Spherical Dichroic Reflector Improves Limit of Detection in Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8680-8684. [PMID: 32498508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A miniature laser-induced fluorescence (mLIF) detector utilizing a novel spherical dichroic reflector (SDR), an unconventional long working distance high magnification objective, an uncommon broadband emission-matched excitation filter pair, and a silicon-based photodiode detector assembly instead of a photomultiplier tube was developed and evaluated. The detection cell was placed at the spherical center of the SDR instead of the regular focus, yielding a 1.8× signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement. Different from previous works, the use of a 40× objective with a long working distance of 5.38 mm and a broadband BP 527-70 nm emission filter with matched BP 450-30 nm excitation filter improved SNR to 4.6× and 1.9×, respectively. By flow injection analysis (FIA) evaluation, the limit of detection (LOD; 3σ method) for fluorescein sodium was 1.5 × 10-13 M or 8.9 fluorescein molecules in 98 pL detection volume, which was the lowest level of LIFs evaluated by FIA mode. The analysis of three kinds of amino acids with LODs at sub pM to fM level (the lowest levels, hundreds of times lower than previous works using normal capillary) demonstrated the potential of the mLIF in ultratrace analysis of biological and environmental samples, including low copy molecules in a single cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Xi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.,School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafeng Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
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Perquis L, Ta HY, Ong‐Meang V, Poinso A, Collin F, Poinsot V, Couderc F. Capillary electrophoresis/visible‐LED induced fluorescence of tryptophan: What's new? Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2342-2348. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Perquis
- Laboratoire des IMRCPUniversité de ToulouseUniversité Toulouse III‐Paul Sabatier Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Hai Yen Ta
- Laboratoire des IMRCPUniversité de ToulouseUniversité Toulouse III‐Paul Sabatier Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Varravaddheay Ong‐Meang
- Laboratoire des IMRCPUniversité de ToulouseUniversité Toulouse III‐Paul Sabatier Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Alix Poinso
- Laboratoire des IMRCPUniversité de ToulouseUniversité Toulouse III‐Paul Sabatier Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Fabrice Collin
- Laboratoire des IMRCPUniversité de ToulouseUniversité Toulouse III‐Paul Sabatier Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Véréna Poinsot
- I2MCUniversité de ToulouseUniversité Toulouse III‐Paul Sabatier Toulouse Cedex France
| | - François Couderc
- Laboratoire des IMRCPUniversité de ToulouseUniversité Toulouse III‐Paul Sabatier Toulouse Cedex France
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Shanmuganathan M, Britz-McKibbin P. New Advances for Newborn Screening of Inborn Errors of Metabolism by Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry (CE-MS). Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1972:139-163. [PMID: 30847789 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9213-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Expanded newborn screening of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) based on tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) technology is one of the most successful preventative healthcare initiatives for presymptomatic diagnosis and treatment of rare yet treatable genetic diseases in the population. However, confirmatory testing of presumptive screen-positive cases is required using high efficiency separations for improved specificity in order to improve the positive predictive value (PPV) for certain classes of IEMs. Here, we describe recent advances using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) for reliable second-tier screening or confirmatory testing based on targeted analysis of amino acids, acylcarnitines, nucleosides, and other classes of polar metabolites associated with IEMs. Additionally, nontargeted metabolite profiling enables the identification of unknown biomarkers of clinical significance for other genetic diseases that are currently screened by bioassays and/or mutation panels, such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Noteworthy, CE-MS allows for resolution of isobaric/isomeric interferences without complicated sample handling that is ideal when analyzing volume-restricted biospecimens from neonates/infants, including dried blood spots and sweat specimens. New developments to improve concentration sensitivity, as well as enhance sample throughput and quality control for unambiguous confirmatory testing of IEMs will also be discussed when using multiplexed separations based on multisegment injection-CE-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Shanmuganathan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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8
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Lorenzo MP, Villaseñor A, Ramamoorthy A, Garcia A. Optimization and validation of a capillary electrophoresis laser-induced fluorescence method for amino acids determination in human plasma: application to bipolar disorder study. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1701-9. [PMID: 23512402 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of amino acids in biofluids offers relevant information in diagnosis of diseases, evaluation of nutritional state, and in elucidating metabolic influences on physiology. A simple, rapid, and robust procedure in terms of sample treatment, separation, and quantitation based on CE-LIF has been optimized for use in human plasma samples. Time required for derivatization was 15 min and analysis time was 35 min. 4-Fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) was the labeling agent used for obtaining fluorescent derivatives. Electrophoretic conditions were: 175 mM borate buffer at pH 10.25 prepared with 12.5 mM β-cyclodextrin. The voltage applied was +21 kV. Fourteen amino acids could be quantified: L-proline, L-phenylalanine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-ornithine, D-ornithine, L-glutamine, L-alanine, L-threonine, glycine, L-serine, D-serine, taurine and L-glutamate. With this chiral CE-LIF method, L- and D-amino acids are adequately separated. The method was validated for a representative group of amino acids in human plasma: L-proline, L-isoleucine, L-ornithine, L-glutamine, L-alanine L-threonine, glycine, L-serine, D-serine, and glutamate. The method has been successfully applied to human plasma from patients with bipolar disorder, all of whom were taking lithium as a mood stabilizer. Eleven amino acids were quantified in plasma from nine patients, aged 24-55 years. The results were in accordance to published values for the bipolar patients. The method is useful particularly in studies where plasma amino acid levels can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis of diseases, evaluating the disease progression, and monitoring response to drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Paz Lorenzo
- Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Zhang JB, Li MJ, Li Z, Yan XJ, Yuan JQ, Dong WX, Zhang Y, Chu QC, Ye JN. Study on urinary profile of inborn errors of metabolism by 18-crown-6 modified capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 929:102-6. [PMID: 23669610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Newborn screening in urine is important for the diagnosis of many inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). Capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) is a major technological advance in screening IEM. It has the advantage of sensitive and simultaneous multiple disease screening with minimal sample requirement. The analytes were derivatized with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) prior to CE-LIF analysis. In urine samples, free amino acids (AAs) were well separated from other coexisting components, exhibiting a linear calibration over the concentration range 0.01-5.0μmol/L with the limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.005 to 0.010μmol/L. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the range 0.1-1.0% for peak area, and 0.2-1.0% for migration time, respectively. Under optimized conditions, the method presented here has been successfully used for the simultaneous and sensitive analysis of seven AAs in urine samples of newborn babies, and evaluating the effect of therapy as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
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10
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Britz-McKibbin P. Expanded newborn screening of inborn errors of metabolism by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS). Methods Mol Biol 2013; 919:43-56. [PMID: 22976089 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-029-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Expanded newborn screening of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) based on tandem mass spectrometry technology has emerged as one of the most successful preventative healthcare initiatives for presymptomatic diagnosis and treatment of rare yet treatable genetic diseases. However, confirmatory testing using methods with improved specificity is required in clinical laboratories to improve the positive predictive value for certain classes of IEMs due to their high rates of false positives. Here, we describe recent advances for comprehensive profiling of amino acids and acylcarnitines derived from dried blood spot extracts or plasma using capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) that allows for resolution of major isobaric/isomeric interferences without complicated sample handling. The integration of online sample preconcentration together with desalting in CE-ESI-MS enables the direct analysis of hydrophilic amino acids, surface-active acylcarnitines, as well as labile thiols under a single format when using a simple aqueous buffer electrolyte system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Saiapina O, Dzyadevych S, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Soldatkin O. Development and optimization of a novel conductometric bi-enzyme biosensor for l-arginine determination. Talanta 2012; 92:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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Jeong JS, Sim HJ, Lee YM, Yoon HR, Kwon HJ, Hong SP. Chromatographic diagnosis of maple syrup urine disease by measuring the l-alloisoleucine/l-phenylalanine ratio in dried blood spots. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2171-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Pormsila W, Morand R, Krähenbühl S, Hauser PC. Capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection for the determination of carnitine and acylcarnitines in clinical samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:921-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Szökő É, Tábi T. Analysis of biological samples by capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:1180-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Huo F, Yuan H, Breadmore MC, Xiao D. Multi-wavelength light emitting diode array as an excitation source for light emitting diode-induced fluorescence detection in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2589-95. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tůma P, Málková K, Samcová E, Štulík K. Rapid monitoring of arrays of amino acids in clinical samples using capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2394-401. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Zhang N, Zhang HS, Wang H. Separation of free amino acids and catecholamines in human plasma and rabbit vitreous samples using a new fluorogenic reagent 3-(4-bromobenzoyl)-2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde with CE-LIF detection. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2258-65. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Chalcraft KR, Britz-McKibbin P. Newborn Screening of Inborn Errors of Metabolism by Capillary Electrophoresis−Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry: A Second-Tier Method with Improved Specificity and Sensitivity. Anal Chem 2008; 81:307-14. [PMID: 19117458 DOI: 10.1021/ac8020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Chalcraft
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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Danger G, Ross D. Chiral separation with gradient elution isotachophoresis for futurein situextraterrestrial analysis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4036-44. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Shama N, Bai SW, Chung BC, Jung BH. Quantitative analysis of 17 amino acids in the connective tissue of patients with pelvic organ prolapse using capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 865:18-24. [PMID: 18339589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 12/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous determination of 17 amino acids in connective tissue using capillary electrophoresis is described in this study. Separation was carried out on a fused silica capillary column (80 cm x 50 mm i.d.) with 1M formic acid as the running electrolyte. The detection was conducted on a mass spectrometer by selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode via an electrospray ionization source. Tissue samples were prepared by reduction and acid hydrolysis to extract amino acids; over 84.3% recovery was seen for all compounds. The method allowed for sensitive, reproducible, and reliable quantification, and all 17 amino acids were separated using this method. Good linearity over the investigated concentration ranges was observed, with values of R higher than 0.993 for all the analytes. Precision and accuracy examined at three concentration levels ranged from 0.2% to 19.5% and 84.1% to 120.0%, respectively. Matrix effects were also tested and ranged from -9.1% to 15.4%. The validated method was applied to the quantitation of 17 amino acids in pelvic connective tissue of pelvic organ prolapsed patients. Methionine, glutamine, and histidine were significantly higher in the experimental patients compared to the controls. This suggests that changes in the amino acid concentrations within the connective tissue could be a factor in the genesis of pelvic organ prolapse. Therefore, this method is potentially applicable for amino acid analysis in tissue, providing a more complete understanding of pelvic organ prolapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naz Shama
- Bioanalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, South Korea
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21
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De Benedetto GE. Biomedical applications of amino acid detection by capillary electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 384:457-481. [PMID: 18392580 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-376-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an efficient tool for amino acid (AA) analysis. However, its role can be fully accounted for only by examining the applications on real matrices. Methods must be successfully transferred into working environments for use by non-CE experts before their power can be realized. This transfer of technology is rapidly increasing. In this chapter, some applications to real samples are presented with the precise intent to illustrate the great capabilities of CE to AA analysis in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe E De Benedetto
- Dipartimento dei Beni delle Arti e della Storia, Università degli Studi di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
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22
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Zhang N, Zhao YZ, Zhang HS, Wang H. Sensitive determination of aliphatic amines by high-performance liquid chromatography with a new fluorogenic probe 3-(4-fluorinebenzoyl)-2-quinoline carboxaldehyde. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:38-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Tay ETT, Law WS, Sim SPC, Feng H, Zhao JH, Li SFY. Floating resistivity detector for microchip electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:4620-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Yang C, Jiang X, Guo L, Zhang H, Liu M. Analysis of free amino acids in islets of Langerhans by high-performance liquid chromatography using pre-column derivatization with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:3154-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Han Y, Chen Y. On-column labeling technique and chiral CE of amino acids with mixed chiral selectors and UV detection. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2765-70. [PMID: 17657762 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel method has been developed for the on-column labeling of amino acid enantiomers with 9-fluoroenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC), followed by chiral CE with a binary chiral selector system and UV detection. Efficient labeling was achieved by sequential injection of amino acids, borate buffer, and FMOC labeling solution at 0.2 psi for 6 s. After injection, the sandwich sections were electrically mixed at 250 V/cm for 6 s and allowed to react (electric field-free) at room temperature for 2 min. With this procedure, successful online-labeling and chiral CE separation of 19 pairs of amino acids (AA) have been conducted, giving 17 pairs fully enantioresolved (R(s) = 1.73-5.79) and two pairs partially resolved (Ala, R(s) = 0.39 and Arg, R(s) = 1.15) using a running buffer of 150 mM borate containing 30 mM beta-CD, 30 mM sodium taurodeoxycholate (STDC), and 15% isopropanol (IPA) at pH 9.0. Chiral CE of some mixed pairs was also demonstrated, much the same as using precolumn labeling. Surprisingly, Met, Asp, Asn, Gln, and His gained even higher enantioresolution (up to 2.5%) compared with the case of precolumn labeling. As validated by both artificially prepared solutions and serum samples, the method was applicable to the quantitative determination of AA, with LODs down to 4.0 microM. The method allowed the determination of D-AA at the ratio of 1:100 (D:L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Han
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Santalad A, Teerapornchaisit P, Burakham R, Srijaranai S. Pre-Capillary Derivatisation and Capillary Zone Electrophoresis for Amino Acids Analysis in Beverages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 97:935-45. [DOI: 10.1002/adic.200790078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Darvish M, Ebrahimi SA, Ghadam P. Development of micellar electro kinetic chromatography for the separation and quantitation of L-valine, L-leucine, L-isoleucin and L-phenylalanine in human plasma and comparison with HPLC. Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10:2436-2441. [PMID: 19070110 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.2436.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) and Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) are two inborn metabolic diseases which are carried by autosomal recessive genes in man. These genetic errors result in accumulation of phenylalanine (in PKU) or valine, leucine and isoluecin (in MSUD). At high concentrations, amongst other problems, these amino acids cause mental retardation. However if detected early after birth, using special diets and other forms of therapy, mental abnormalities can be prevented. As a result in many countries screening of infants for MSUD and PKU, by measuring plasma amino acids has become a routine neonatal test. Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) assays have a number of advantages over the traditional chromatography techniques (such as GC or HPLC). These include low cost, high speed of analysis and high resolution. These characteristics, make CE an ideal method for the screening of inborn errors of metabolism. We developed a CE assay based on pre-column derivatisation of amino acids with phenylisothiocyanate. This conjugate has strong absorbance at 254 nm. CE was carried out using a Spectraphoresis 1000 instrument, fitted with 40 cm of a 25 microm capillary, at 17 degrees C. A running voltage of 18KV was used to separate the amino acid mixture in an electrophoretic buffer containing 45 mM imidazole, 6 mM borate and 208 mM SDS, fixed at pH 9 with 2-N-morpholino ethane sulfonic acid. The assay was calibrated using various concentrations of amino acid standards. LOD, LOQ, recovery, inter-day and intra-day variations of the assay were determined. Also, levels of the 4 amino acids in normal and abnormal plasma were determined and compared with HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Darvish
- Department of Biochemistry, Alzahra University, Iran
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28
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Tseng HM, Li Y, Barrett DA. Profiling of amine metabolites in human biofluids by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:433-9. [PMID: 17370065 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive capillary electrophoresis (CE) method has been developed for profiling organic metabolites containing amine functional groups in mammalian biofluids. Metabolites containing an amine group were derivatized with 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzo-2,1,3-oxadiazol (NBD-F), separated by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), and detected by argon-ion (488 nm) laser-induced fluorescence detection. The optimized MEKC background electrolyte conditions were: 50 mmol L-1 sodium cholate, 5 mmol L-1 beta-cyclodextrin, and 20 mmol L-1 Brij 35 in 20 mmol L-1 aqueous borate buffer, pH 9.3, containing 7% methanol. Under these conditions all the amine compounds in mammalian biofluids, for example plasma, saliva, and urine, were derivatized directly, without extraction, in a minimum volume of 100 nL and the derivatives could be separated within 16 min. Up to 90% of the amine-containing metabolites in plasma and saliva could be identified by reference to standard compounds. For twenty amine standards linearity of calibration was better than R2=0.99. Migration-time and peak-area reproducibility were better than RSD 1.5% and 15% respectively. In replicate analysis of human plasma bioanalytical precision ranged between 0.7 and 3.8 RSD% for a 5.0-microL volume and between 1.7 and 5.5 RSD% for 100-nL volume. The concentrations measured were found to be in agreement with literature values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Ming Tseng
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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29
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Kodamatani H, Komatsu Y, Yamazaki S, Saito K. Highly sensitive and simple method for measurement of pipecolic acid using reverse-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography with tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(III) chemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1140:88-94. [PMID: 17157862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Revised: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new, highly sensitive chemiluminescence method for measurement of pipecolic acid in various substances such as human serum, cow's milk, beer, and apple juice has been developed. The method is based on reverse-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatographic separation and subsequent tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(III) chemiluminescence detection. It was confirmed that imino acids show strong chemiluminescence upon mixing with tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(III). A calibration graph, based on a standard pipecolic acid solution, was linear over the range 5.0x10(-9)M to 2.0x10(-5)M and the detection limit was 24fmol (signal-to-noise ratio=3). This highly sensitive and selective determination method can be applied to selected samples without purification or pre-concentration procedures. Compared to the previous HPLC methods, the proposed method is easier, more sensitive, and time-saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kodamatani
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 7-1 Ohgigaoka, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8501, Japan
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30
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Kostal V, Zeisbergerova M, Hrotekova Z, Slais K, Kahle V. Miniaturized liquid core waveguide-based fluorimetric detection cell for capillary separation methods: Application in CE of amino acids. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:4658-65. [PMID: 17080476 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A miniaturized post-column fluorimetric detection cell for capillary separation methods based on optical fibers and liquid core waveguides (LCWs) is described. The main part of the detection cell is a fused-silica capillary coated with Teflon AF serving as an LCW. The optical fibers are used both for coupling the excitation source with the detection domain in the LCW and for the axial fluorescence collection from the LCW end. The latter fiber is connected with a compact CCD spectrometer that serves for the rejection of the scattered excitation light and for the fluorescence signal detection. The proposed design offers a compact fluorescence detector for various microcolumn separation techniques without optical elements such as filters or objectives. Moreover, its construction and optical adjustment are very simple and the whole system is highly miniaturized. The function of the detection cell is demonstrated by CE of amino acids labelled by fluorescein-based tags. Separations of different standard amino acid mixtures and plasma samples are presented. The comparison of plasma amino acid levels of individuals being in good health with those of patients with inherited metabolic disorders is also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vratislav Kostal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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31
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Veledo MT, de Frutos M, Diez-Masa JC. On-capillary derivatization and analysis of amino acids in human plasma by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection: Application to diagnosis of aminoacidopathies. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:3101-7. [PMID: 16800027 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection method for the analysis of free amino acids (AA) in human plasma was developed. A mixture of 16 AA was on-capillary derivatized with 3-(2-furoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (FQ) and separated inside the capillary in less than 30 min using 70 mM borax-3.5 mM SDS pH 9.3 as running buffer. Four plasma samples from a healthy donor and patients suffering from phenylketonuria, propionic acidemia, and tyrosinemia type II were studied. Repeatabilities calculated as intra-day RSD (n = 3) values for the AA involved in these aminoacidopathies (glycine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine) were in the range of 0.3 to 1.2% for migration time and 3.7 to 8.2% for peak height. Reproducibilities calculated as inter-day RSD (n = 4) values for the same AA were between 0.7 and 1.4% for migration time and 4.7 and 9.1% for peak height. A fast qualitative analysis allowed the identification of the corresponding disease by comparing the electrophoretic profiles from the patient and the healthy donor and noting the increased level of the specific AA accompanying each individual disease. The results of the quantitative analysis for glycine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine in the plasma samples studied using the developed method showed a good agreement with those provided by the Center of Diagnosis of Molecular Diseases using a standard method for AA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Veledo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (C.S.I.C.), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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32
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Tůma P, Samcová E, Andelová K. Determination of free amino acids and related compounds in amniotic fluid by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 839:12-8. [PMID: 16412708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2005] [Revised: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 12/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoretic (CE) method with contactless conductivity detection (CCD) has been developed for the determination of free amino acids (AAs) in the amniotic fluid. Apart from 20 proteinogenic AAs, 12 other biogenic compounds have been identified including ethanolamine, choline, beta-alanine, 2-aminobutyric acid, 4-aminobutyric acid, creatinine, ornithine, carnitine, citrulline, 4-hydroxyproline, 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine. The running electrolyte consisted of 1.7 M acetic acid and 0.1% hydroxyethyl-cellulose (pH 2.15). An addition of acetonitrile to the sample improved the separation of AAs significantly and permitted an increase in the amount of the sample injected. As a result, the sensitivity of the determination increased and the limit of detection (LOD) decreased by a factor of ca. 4, as compared with our previous study. The LOD values were between 1.5 microM (arginine) and 6.7 microM (aspartic acid). The CE/CCD method has then been applied to clinical analyses of the amniotic fluid collected from 20 pregnant women aged over 35 years and 24 pregnant women with whom abnormal foetus development was suspected. The latter group of women was found to exhibit systematically enhanced amniotic levels of most of the AAs studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Tůma
- Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Centre of Biomedical Sciences, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
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33
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Derivatization of Hydrophobic Amino Acids in Nonaqueous Media and Separation by Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection. Mikrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-006-0566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Pobozy E, Czarkowska W, Trojanowicz M. Determination of amino acids in saliva using capillary electrophoresis with fluorimetric detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 67:37-47. [PMID: 16472865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Revised: 12/28/2005] [Accepted: 01/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study a sensitive method for the quantification of main free amino acids in saliva using capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection was developed. As background electrolyte 20 mM borate buffer pH 9.5 was used. Amino acids were separated after derivatization with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and the conditions for derivatization were optimized. The main amino acids occurring in saliva (Pro, Ser, Gly and Glu) were separated in less than 7 min. The parameters of validation such as linearity of response, precision and detection limits were determined. The detection limits were obtained in the range from 0.1 to 2.4 nM. The developed method was employed for determination of amino acids in real saliva samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pobozy
- Departament of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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35
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Veledo MT, de Frutos M, Diez-Masa JC. Amino acids determination using capillary electrophoresis with on-capillary derivatization and laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1079:335-43. [PMID: 16038320 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Free amino acids have been derivatized on-capillary with 3-(2-furoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (FQ) and analyzed using a laboratory-made capillary electrophoresis apparatus with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Several parameters that control on-capillary derivatization of amino acids, including pH, mixing time, reaction time, concentration of the derivatization reagents (potassium cyanide and FQ) and solvent of FQ, as well as the temperature of mixing and reaction were optimized. Repeatabilities better than 1.8% for migration time and 7.8% for peak height were obtained. Assay detection limits for the different amino acids ranged from 23 nM for glycine to 50 nM for lysine and glutamic acid. The methods developed were applied to the analysis of several amino acids in pharmaceutical preparations and plasma samples. Results showed a good agreement with those obtained using an amino acid autoanalyzer for the same samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Veledo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (C.S.I.C.), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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36
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Zhu X, Shaw PN, Pritchard J, Newbury J, Hunt EJ, Barrett DA. Amino acid analysis by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection: application to nanolitre-volume biological samples from Arabidopsis thaliana and Myzus persicae. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:911-919. [PMID: 15714547 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200410259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids were derivatised with 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzo-2,1,3-oxadiazol (NBD-F), separated by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), and detected by argon-ion (488 nm) laser-induced fluorescence. The optimised MEKC background electrolyte conditions were: 40 mM sodium cholate, 5 mM beta-cyclodextrin in 20 mM aqueous borate buffer, pH 9.1, with 7% v/v acetonitrile. Using these conditions, 19 amino acids were separated within 17 min. The limits of detection were in the range of 7.6-42.2 pmol/mL and limits of quantitation from 0.05-0.14 nmol/mL. The method was systematically validated for injection volume error, migration time variation, calibration linearity, accuracy, precision, and recovery. Nanolitre volume samples of phloem sap of individual sieve element cells from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana and honeydew from the aphid Myzus persicae were directly analysed with this method. Quantitative amino acid concentrations in these two biological matrices were profiled for the first time. This method is particularly important because it allows the complete profile of the amino acids obtained from individual phloem elements, allowing cell to cell and plant to plant variation to be quantified, which to date has not been possible with Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunlin Zhu
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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37
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Fluorescence detection in capillary electrophoresis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(05)45006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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38
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Wang H, Liu X, Li JS, Zhang HS. Separation of Amines as their 6-Methyl-2-phenyl-4-quinolinecarboxylic Acid N-Hydroxysuccinimide Ester Derivatives by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2004. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-004-0470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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39
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Zunić G. [Capillary electrophoresis--a new method for analysis of molecules and a challenge for biochemists]. VOJNOSANIT PREGL 2004; 60:733-9. [PMID: 14737894 DOI: 10.2298/vsp0306733z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Zunić
- Vojnomedicinska akademija, Institut za medicinska istrazlvanja, Beograd
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40
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Chapter 14 Chromatography of amino acids and peptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(04)80027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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41
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Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a technique well suited for several separation problems in the life sciences. The main advantages are the higher separation efficacy in comparison to chromatographic methods and the smaller sample volume required. However, due to the limited sensitivity of CE, HPLC remains the method most commonly used for the analysis of drugs in biological fluids. For endogenous compounds like DNA, proteins, or small molecules like purines, CE offers clear advantages over conventional methods and, especially for DNA, CE has already been introduced into clinical routine. Some selected applications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hempel
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Muenster, Germany.
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42
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Coufal P, Zuska J, van de Goor T, Smith V, Gas B. Separation of twenty underivatized essential amino acids by capillary zone electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Electrophoresis 2003; 24:671-7. [PMID: 12601736 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200390079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Twenty underivatized essential amino acids were separated using capillary zone electrophoresis and consequently detected with contactless conductivity detection (CCD). A simple acidic background electrolyte (BGE) containing 2.3 M acetic acid and 0.1% w/w hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) allowed the electrophoretic separation and sensitive detection of all 20 essential amino acids in their underivatized cationic form. The addition of HEC to the BGE suppressed both, electroosmotic flow and analyte adsorption on the capillary surface resulting in an excellent migration time reproducibility and a very good analyte peak symmetry. Additionally, the HEC addition significantly reduced the noise and long-term fluctuations of the CCD baseline. The optimized electrophoretic separation method together with the CCD was proved to be a powerful technique for determination of amino acid profiles in various natural samples, like beer, yeast, urine, saliva, and herb extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Coufal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faclty of Science, Charles Unviersity, Pragye, Czech Republic.
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43
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Stefan RI, Mahmoud Nejem R. Diamond Paste Based Amperometric Biosensors for the Determination ofl- andd-Pipecolic Acid. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120024638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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44
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She Z, Sun Z, Wu L, Wu K, Sun S, Huang Z. Rapid method for the determination of amino acids in serum by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2002; 979:227-32. [PMID: 12498252 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A rapid method for the determination of amino acids in serum is presented. The derivatization of amino acids with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene was performed in 0.5 M sodium borate (pH 9.5). The complete separation of derivatives of 16 amino acids and an internal standard (D-norleucine) was achieved within 8 min by capillary zone electrophoresis. The running buffer consisted of 30 mM sodium tetraborate (pH 9.8)-isopropanol-30% Brij 35 (825:150:25, v/v). The capillary used had an internal diameter of 75 microm and an effective length of 300 mm. A voltage of 28 kV was applied. Temperature was maintained at 15 degrees C. Detection was 360 nm. The assay was linear from 10 to 700 microM. The minimal detection limit was 2.5-7.9 microM. The recovery of amino acids added to serum samples was 86.3-107.4%. Within-run precision was 2.8-10.3%, and between-run precision was 3.5-11.6%. The concentrations of amino acids in serum of 32 patients with chronic renal failure were measured. Among them, the levels of serine, isoleucine and valine were significantly lower than those of healthy volunteers (P<0.01), but the concentrations of cystine, tryptophan and phenylane were significantly higher than those of healthy volunteers (P<0.01). The result showed that the method could be used for determining amino acids in clinical practice and scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuojun She
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratory, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China.
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45
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Carpenter KH, Wiley V. Application of tandem mass spectrometry to biochemical genetics and newborn screening. Clin Chim Acta 2002; 322:1-10. [PMID: 12104075 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(02)00135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has become a key technology in the fields of biochemical genetics and newborn screening. The development of electrospray ionisation (ESI) and associated automation of sample handling and data manipulation have allowed the introduction of expanded newborn screening for disorders which feature accumulation of acylcarnitines and certain amino acids in a number of programs worldwide. In addition, the technique has proven valuable in several areas of biochemical genetics including quantification of carnitine and acylcarnitines, in vitro studies of metabolic pathways (in particular beta-oxidation), and diagnosis of peroxisomal and lysosomal disorders. This review covers some of the basic theory of MS/MS and focuses on the practical application of the technique in these two interrelated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Carpenter
- New South Wales Biochemical Genetics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW 2145, Sydney, Australia.
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Zunić G, Jelić-Ivanović Z, Colić M, Spasić S. Optimization of a free separation of 30 free amino acids and peptides by capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect absorbance detection: a potential for quantification in physiological fluids. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 772:19-33. [PMID: 12016012 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a rapid, single-run procedure, based on the optimization of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and indirect absorbance detection capabilities, which was developed for the separation and quantification of 30 underivatized physiological amino acids and peptides, usually present in biological fluids. p-Aminosalicylic acid buffered with sodium carbonate at pH 10.2+/-0.1 was used as the running electrolyte. Electrophoresis, carried out in a capillary (87 cm x 75 microm) at 15 kV potential (normal polarity), separated the examined compounds within 30 min. Limits of detection ranged from 1.93 to 20.08 micromol/l (median 6.71 micromol/l). The method was linear within the 50-200 micromol/l concentration range (r ranged from 0.684 to 0.989, median r=0.934). Within run migration times precision was good (median C.V.=0.7%). Less favorable within run peak area precision (median C.V.=6.6%) was obtained. The analytical procedure presented was successfully tested for separation and quantification of amino acids in physiological fluids, such as plasma or supernatant of macrophage cultures. Sample preparations require only a protein precipitation and dilution step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Zunić
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
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Prata C, Bonnafous P, Fraysse N, Treilhou M, Poinsot V, Couderc F. Recent advances in amino acid analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:4129-38. [PMID: 11824633 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200111)22:19<4129::aid-elps4129>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are studied extensively using capillary electrophoresis. In this review we will report the different researchs which have been done in the literature since 1998. We will describe the developments of, detection methods, separations of enantiomers, the new medical applications, and amino acids in food and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Prata
- Université Paul Sabatier, IMRCP, UMR 5623, Toulouse, France
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