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Mullangi R, Sharma K, Srinivas NR. Review of HPLC methods and HPLC methods with mass spectrometric detection for direct determination of aspirin with its metabolite(s) in various biological matrices. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:906-41. [PMID: 22297838 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin, the most widely used drug in the world, has been known to mankind for over a century. It is not only the pharmacologically active entity, but is also biotransformed into a major metabolite, i.e. salicylic acid, which also exhibits similar pharmacologic/pharmacodynamic properties. Hence it is necessary to quantitate aspirin along with its metabolite(s) in various biological matrices accurately and precisely to correlate with pharmacological/pharmacodynamic activity. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of various bioanalytical methods (HPLC and LC-MS/MS) that have been reported for direct quantitation of aspirin along with its metabolite(s). The review also provides general information on sample collection, sample processing, internal standard selection, conditions for chromatographic separation, succinct validation data and applicable conclusions for reported assays in a structured manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Mullangi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore, 560 022, India.
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2
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Game MD, Gabhane KB, Sakarkar DM. Quantitative analysis of clopidogrel bisulphate and aspirin by first derivative spectrophotometric method in tablets. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 72:825-8. [PMID: 21969765 PMCID: PMC3178994 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.84609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometric method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of clopidogrel bisulphate and aspirin by employing first order derivative zero crossing method. The first order derivative absorption at 232.5 nm (zero cross point of aspirin) was used for clopidogrel bisulphate and 211.3 nm (zero cross point of clopidogrel bisulphate) for aspirin.Both the drugs obeyed linearity in the concentration range of 5.0 μg/ml to 25.0 μg/ml (correlation coefficient r(2)<1). No interference was found between both determined constituents and those of matrix. The method was validated statistically and recovery studies were carried out to confirm the accuracy of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri D Game
- Vidyabharati College of Pharmacy, C. K. Naidu road, Camp, Amravati - 444 602, India
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Rajput SJ, George RK, Ruikar DB. Chemometric simultaneous estimation of clopidogrel bisulphate and aspirin from combined dosage form. Indian J Pharm Sci 2008; 70:450-4. [PMID: 20046769 PMCID: PMC2792539 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.44592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 07/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two chemometric methods, inverse least square and classical least square, were applied to simultaneous assay of clopidogrel bisulphate and aspirin in their combined dosage tablet formulation. Twelve mixed solutions were prepared for the chemometric calibration as training set and 10 mixed solutions were prepared as validation set. The absorbance data matrix was obtained by measuring the absorbance at 16 wavelength points, from 220 to 250 nm with the interval of 2 nm (Δλ= 2 nm). The developed calibrations were successfully tested for laboratory mixtures as well as commercial tablet formulation for their clopidogrel bisulphate and aspirin concentration. Mean recoveries for clopidogrel bisulphate and aspirin were found to be in good agreement with the label claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Rajput
- Applied Mathematics Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara-390 001, India
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4
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Okuno S, Wada Y. Measurement of serum salicylate levels by solid-phase extraction and desorption/ionization on silicon mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:1000-4. [PMID: 16059881 DOI: 10.1002/jms.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of the matrix-free laser desorption/ionization on silicon mass spectrometry (DIOS-MS) to measuring serum drug levels was examined by analyzing serum salicylic acid. The optimized and simple solid-phase extraction (SPE) allowed good recovery, 88.9 +/- 5.8%, for 1.4 mM (200 mg/L) of salicylic acid in serum. The negative ion MS allowed measurements of deprotonated molecules without interference from other signals. Using a deuterium-labeled internal standard, good linearity was obtained in the 0.14 to 4.2 mM (20-600 mg/L) range, which was sufficient for monitoring the therapeutic anti-inflammatory dose. SPE followed by DIOS-MS is anticipated to be a method of measuring drug levels in blood and may allow high throughput analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Okuno
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Innovation Plaza Osaka, Izumi, Osaka 594-1144, Japan
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5
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Khedun SM, Moodley J, Naicker T, Maharaj B. Drug management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Pharmacol Ther 1997; 74:221-58. [PMID: 9336024 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7258(97)82005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Drugs used in the acute and long-term management of hypertension in pregnancy and the preeclampsia-eclampsia syndrome have been reviewed and their therapeutic effects and maternal and fetal adverse effects have been considered. The review also focuses on recent developments in the areas of prevention and management of pre-eclampsia-eclampsia syndrome. Although a number of new drugs have emerged, as potentially useful in the management of hypertension in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia-eclampsia syndrome, some remain at the cornerstone of therapy; for example, methyldopa for long-term treatment of chronic hypertension, hydralazine or nifedipine for rapid reduction of severely elevated blood pressure, and magnesium sulphate for eclampsia. Some of these agents, especially the calcium antagonists, show promise in that their use is associated with fewer side effects. Safety for the fetus, however, has not been adequately evaluated yet. Neither aspirin nor calcium supplements appear to improve the outcome in pregnancy. Currently, the dilemma whether to treat hypertension in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia-eclampsia syndrome with old, established, cost-effective drugs or the promising newer drugs provides an interesting academic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Khedun
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Natal Medical School, Durban, South Africa
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6
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Bing-Sheng Y, Li-Hua N, Shou-Zhuo T. Ion chromatographic determination of salicylate in human serum with a bulk acoustic wave sensor as detector. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240200409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Kees F, Jehnich D, Grobecker H. Simultaneous determination of acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1996; 677:172-7. [PMID: 8925092 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for the simultaneous determination of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and its main metabolite salicylic acid (SA) in human plasma. Acidified plasma is deproteinized with acetonitrile which is separated from the aqueous layer by adding sodium chloride. ASA and SA are extracted into the acetonitrile layer with high yield, and determined by reversed-phase HPLC (column: Novapak C18 4 microns silica, 150 x 4 mm I.D.; eluent: 740 ml water, 900 microliters 85% orthophosphoric acid, 180 ml acetonitrile) and photometric detection (237 nm). 2-Methylbenzoic acid is used as internal standard. The method allows the determination of ASA and SA in human plasma as low as 100 ng/ml with good precision (better than 10%). The assay was used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of ASA and SA following oral administration of 100-500 mg ASA in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kees
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Regensburg, Germany
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8
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Liu JH, Smith PC. Direct analysis of salicylic acid, salicyl acyl glucuronide, salicyluric acid and gentisic acid in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1996; 675:61-70. [PMID: 8634769 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A method for the simultaneous direct determination of salicylate (SA), its labile, reactive metabolite, salicyl acyl glucuronide (SAG), and two other major metabolites, salicyluric acid and gentisic acid in plasma and urine is described. Isocratic reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) employed a 15-cm C18 column using methanol-acetonitrile-25 mM acetic acid as the mobile phase, resulting in HPLC analysis time of less than 20 min. Ultraviolet detection at 310 nm permitted analysis of SAG in plasma, but did not provide sensitivity for measurement of salicyl phenol glucuronide. Plasma or urine samples are stabilized immediately upon collection by adjustment of pH to 3-4 to prevent degradation of the labile acyl glucuronide metabolite. Plasma is then deproteinated with acetonitrile, dried and reconstituted for injection, whereas urine samples are simply diluted prior to injection on HPLC. m-Hydroxybenzoic acid served as the internal standard. Recoveries from plasma were greater than 85% for all four compounds over a range of 0.2-20 micrograms/ml and linearity was observed from 0.1-200 micrograms/ml and 5-2000 micrograms/ml for SA in plasma and urine, respectively. The method was validated to 0.2 microgram/ml, thus allowing accurate measurement of SA, and three major metabolites in plasma and urine of subjects and small animals administered salicylates. The method is unique by allowing quantitation of reactive SAG in plasma at levels well below 1% that of the parent compound, SA, as is observed in patients administered salicylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Liu
- School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel, Chapel Hill 27599-7360, USA
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9
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Klimeš J, Sochor J, Zahradníček M, Sedláček J. Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of salicylates in whole blood, plasma and isolated erythrocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(92)80579-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Hideaki T, Eiji I, Shiro Y, Magobei Y. Synthesis and enzymatic hydrolysis of aspirin-basic amino acid ethyl esters. Int J Pharm 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(91)90129-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Shen J, Wanwimolruk S, Roberts MS, Clark CR. A Sensitive Assay for Aspirin and its Metabolites Using Reversed-Phase Ion-Pair High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/01483919008051818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Dawson CM, Wang TW, Rainbow SJ, Tickner TR. A non-extraction HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of serum paracetamol and salicylate. Ann Clin Biochem 1988; 25 ( Pt 6):661-7. [PMID: 3254106 DOI: 10.1177/000456328802500611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A direct injection HPLC method for the sumultaneous measurement of serum paracetamol and salicylate is described using a Pinkerton internal surface reversed-phase column with benzoic acid as internal standard. The method is linear to at least 1000 mg/L for both drugs and shows good precision at levels of 62-500 mg/L. None of the drugs tested for interference affected the quantitation of either drug. In patient samples, the values obtained with this method correlated well with those from enzymatic paracetamol and Trinder salicylate methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Dawson
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Norfolk & Norwich Hospital, UK
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13
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Bjornsson TD, Hanson SR, Harker LA. Effective antiplatelet drug concentrations in experimental arterial thromboembolism. Thromb Res 1987; 48:337-48. [PMID: 3433258 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(87)90446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although drugs that modify platelet function have been widely studied as antithrombotic agents in experimental and clinical studies, there is limited information regarding the relationship between in vivo drug blood concentrations and antithrombotic efficacy. This study compared the pharmacokinetics of three antiplatelet agents with their antithrombotic effects in an experimental model of arterial thromboembolism in baboons. Thrombus formation was measured as steady-state platelet utilization induced by thrombogenic arteriovenous cannulae. The drugs studied were aspirin, dipyridamole and sulfinpyrazone. Aspirin was administered in daily doses of 20 mg/kg, dipyridamole in daily doses of 2.5 and 10 mg/kg, and sulfinpyrazone in daily doses of 20 and 100 mg/kg; each drug was given in two equal doses per day. Multiple blood samples were collected for drug analysis after steady-state had been reached. The average concentrations of dipyridamole at steady-state were 26 +/- 15 and 79 +/- 69 ng/ml after 2.5 and 10 mg/kg/day. These concentrations were associated with 28 and 87% inhibition of cannula platelet consumption, respectively. The average steady-state concentrations of acetylsalicylic and salicylic acids were 0.67 +/- 0.80 and 3.76 +/- 2.60 micrograms/ml, respectively, after 20 mg/kg/day. Aspirin had no effect on platelet consumption. Average concentrations of sulfinpyrazone were 1.05 +/- 0.45 and 12.25 +/- 5.73 micrograms/ml after 20 and 100 mg/kg/day, with significant concentrations of the sulfide metabolite. These concentrations were associated with 23 and 85% inhibition of platelet consumption, respectively. No significant pharmacokinetic interactions were observed after concurrent administration of aspirin and dipyridamole or sulfinpyrazone. As the experimental model used involves thrombus formation on an artificial surface, it is likely that these results are most relevant to patients with arterial prosthetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Bjornsson
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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14
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Stewart MJ, Watson ID. Analytical reviews in clinical chemistry: methods for the estimation of salicylate and paracetamol in serum, plasma and urine. Ann Clin Biochem 1987; 24 ( Pt 6):552-65. [PMID: 3322158 DOI: 10.1177/000456328702400602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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15
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Development and evaluation of an automated procedure for the ruggedness testing of chromatographic conditions in high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)94142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Higgs GA, Salmon JA, Henderson B, Vane JR. Pharmacokinetics of aspirin and salicylate in relation to inhibition of arachidonate cyclooxygenase and antiinflammatory activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987; 84:1417-20. [PMID: 3103135 PMCID: PMC304441 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.5.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs there is generally a close correlation between the potency of their inhibition of arachidonate cyclooxygenase, and thus prostaglandin production, and their antiinflammatory activity. One anomaly in this generalization is that whereas aspirin and salicylate are equipotent as antiinflammatory agents, salicylate is less active than aspirin in inhibiting prostaglandin production in vitro. Using rats, we have now measured the concentrations of aspirin and salicylate in plasma and in inflammatory exudates after their oral administration and determined their effects on thromboxane B2 production in clotting blood and prostaglandin (PG) E2 concentrations in the exudates. We have also investigated the effects of both drugs, at concentrations achieved in the exudates, on PGE2 production by nonproliferative explants of acutely inflamed tissues. Aspirin is rapidly metabolized, resulting in peak concentrations of salicylate in the plasma and exudate that exceeded peak concentrations of aspirin by 30- to 50-fold. Furthermore, concentrations of aspirin rapidly declined, whereas high concentrations of salicylate persisted in the plasma and in the exudate for up to 6 hr after a single administration of aspirin. Both drugs reduced PGE2 concentrations in inflammatory exudates by 50-70%, but aspirin was considerably more potent than salicylate in inhibiting thromboxane B2 production in clotting blood. The concentration of salicylate found in inflammatory exudates 6 hr after the administration of aspirin was sufficient to reduce PGE2 production in explants by more than 50%. We conclude that the antiinflammatory action of both drugs depends on the inhibition of PGE2 synthesis by salicylate.
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17
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Kwong TC. Analysis of Acetylsalicylic Acid and Its Metabolites by Liquid Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918708066721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Abstract
The salicylates are the most commonly used analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory drugs. They are available in hundreds of preparations, many of which are over-the-counter medications. The easy access to large quantities of the drug and the widespread perception that the drug is harmless have contributed to salicylate intoxication becoming a serious and common problem, particularly among the pediatric and geriatric populations. Salicylate is still the major drug for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. The use of salicylate in high doses for the management of these patients requires close monitoring of serum salicylate levels because of the large interindividual variation in dose-serum level relationships and the narrowness of the therapeutic range. Thus, both for the management of patients intoxicated with salicylate and patients who are on high-dose salicylate therapy, the measurement of serum salicylate levels is an important clinical laboratory service. Recent research on the inhibitory effect of aspirin on platelet aggregation has led to the prophylactic use of aspirin in low doses as an antithrombotic drug. This new therapeutic use of aspirin can be aided by monitoring low serum levels of salicylate and perhaps aspirin itself. This article reviews the current state of the knowledge of the pharmacokinetics and clinical toxicology of salicylate, the clinical usefulness of salicylate measurement by the clinical laboratory, and recent development in the analytical technology for salicylate analysis.
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20
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Miners JO, Grgurinovich N, Whitehead AG, Robson RA, Birkett DJ. Influence of gender and oral contraceptive steroids on the metabolism of salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1986; 22:135-42. [PMID: 3756063 PMCID: PMC1401110 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb05240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) disposition after an oral dose of aspirin, 900 mg (equivalent to 689.7 mg of salicylic acid) was studied in eight males, eight females and eight females receiving oral contraceptive steroids (OCS). Salicylic acid clearance was 61% higher in males compared to the control female group, an effect due largely to enhanced activity of the glycine conjugation pathway (salicyluric acid formation) in males. Salicylic acid clearance was 41% higher in OCS-users compared to the control female group due to increases in both the glycine and glucuronic acid conjugation pathways in the pill users. There was no difference in any salicylic acid disposition parameter between males and OCS-users. Area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and elimination half-life of aspirin was significantly greater and aspirin plasma hydrolysis rate was significantly lower in both female groups compared to males. There was no difference between OCS-users and the control female group in any of these parameters. Aspirin AUC and elimination half-life were significantly correlated with aspirin plasma hydrolysis rate. These data confirm the importance of hormonal factors in the regulation of drug conjugation reactions in humans and suggest that sex-related differences in salicylic acid and aspirin disposition may be of clinical importance.
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22
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Rahni MAN, Guilbault GG, Neto de Oliveira G. Immobilized enzyme electrode for the determination of salicylate in blood serum. Anal Chim Acta 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)85237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Dadgar D, Climax J, Lambe R, Darragh A. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of certain salicylates and their major metabolites in plasma following topical administration of a liniment to healthy subjects. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1985; 342:315-21. [PMID: 4055952 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)84522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The liniment used is a topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory preparation containing two active constituents, 3-phenylpropylsalicylate and ethyl-5-methoxysalicylate, in solution in isobutyl decanoate. It is known that 3-phenylpropylsalicylate is metabolised to salicylic acid and salicyluric acid and ethyl-5-methoxysalicylate is metabolised to 5-methoxysalicylic acid and gentisic acid. In the present study the separation of the salicylates and their metabolites was carried out on a Waters mu Bondapak C18 column using two different mobile phases, methanol-water (80:20) for the parent drugs and methanol-5% aqueous acetic acid (27:73) for their metabolites. The salicylates and their metabolites were detected by absorption at 310 nm. The limits of detection for parent drugs and metabolites were respectively 0.2 and 0.1 microgram/ml in plasma, using a 1-ml plasma sample and a 20-microliter injection from a reconstituted volume of 250 microliter. Mean percentage coefficients of variation for intra-assay and inter-assay precision were between 3.3 +/- 1.9% to 9.1 +/- 3.7% and 6.8 +/- 2.2% to 15.7 +/- 10.1%, respectively. Linearity, as measured by the correlation coefficient of intra-assay linear regression curves, was better than 0.998 in all cases.
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Martin JL, Fisher CA, Untereker WJ, Laskey WK, Hirshfeld JW, Harken AH, Addonizio VP. Effect of high dose aspirin on coronary hemodynamics during pacing-induced myocardial ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985; 5:210-5. [PMID: 3968305 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(85)80039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of aspirin on coronary hemodynamics and transcardiac concentrations of thromboxane B2 (the stable metabolite of thromboxane A2) were determined at rest and during pacing-induced myocardial ischemia in 11 patients with coronary disease. Control coronary sinus pacing increased both arterial thromboxane B2 (331 +/- 70 to 623 +/- 132 pg/ml, p less than 0.02) and coronary sinus thromboxane B2 (184 +/- 3 to 403 +/- 156 pg/ml, p less than 0.05), but positive transmyocardial gradients developed in only three patients. After 650 mg of oral aspirin, more than 90% inhibition of in vitro thromboxane B2 production was demonstrated and circulating thromboxane B2 was undetectable at rest and during pacing in all patients. Despite these changes in thromboxane B2 concentrations, coronary blood flow was unchanged by aspirin at rest (107 +/- 14 versus 112 +/- 13 ml/min, p = NS) and during pacing (189 +/- 29 versus 181 +/- 25 ml/min, p = NS). Myocardial lactate extraction was also unchanged at rest (24 +/- 7 versus 19 +/- 5%, p = NS) and during pacing (5 +/- 6 versus 9 +/- 5%, p = NS). No change occurred in the anginal threshold. Thus, aspirin does not have the vasoconstrictive properties that have been reported with another cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin. These findings also suggest that thromboxane A2 production does not play a major role in the pathogenesis of stress-induced ischemia. Nonetheless, intracoronary thromboxane A2 production in some patients may potentiate platelet activation and coronary thrombosis. Such patients may benefit from long-term aspirin therapy and can be treated with aspirin without risk of adverse coronary hemodynamic effects.
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Mays DC, Sharp DE, Beach CA, Kershaw RA, Bianchine JR, Gerber N. Improved method for the determination of aspirin and its metabolites in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography: applications to human and animal studies. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1984; 311:301-9. [PMID: 6520177 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)84723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An improved method has been developed for the determination of acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, gentisic acid, and salicyluric acid in plasma and urine of rabbits and man. Samples are extracted with dichloromethane containing mephenytoin as an internal standard, the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue reconstituted and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Extraction efficiencies, linearity and assay precision were determined. This method has been applied to human bioavailability studies and the data are presented.
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O'Kruk RJ, Adams MA, Philp RB. Rapid and sensitive determination of acetylsalicylic acid and its metabolites using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1984; 310:343-52. [PMID: 6511852 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(84)80099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic technique was developed for the simultaneous determination of gentisic acid, salicyluric acid, acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid in plasma and serum. The method involved a single deproteinization step and separation using a reversed-phase column eluted with a buffered methanol (35%) mobile phase. Detection was achieved with a variable-wavelength ultraviolet detector set at 235 nm and a given chromatographic analysis could be completed in less than 10 min. The method was tested in both human and animal (rat) models given a single dose of acetylsalicylic acid.
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Seymour RA, Rawlins MD, Clothier A. The efficacy and pharmacokinetics of sodium salicylate in post-operative dental pain. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1984; 17:161-3. [PMID: 6704286 PMCID: PMC1463320 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium salicylate, 537 mg and 1074 mg were compared in a double-blind cross-over study in 24 patients with post-operative pain following removal of impacted lower third molars. No significant analgesic effect was observed after either dose of sodium salicylate, either overall or at any time point during the 5 h investigation period. Peak plasma concentrations of salicylate after 537 mg were observed at 30 min after dosage, whereas peak plasma salicylate concentrations after 1074 mg sodium salicylate occurred at 45 min after dosage.
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Nieder M, Jaeger H. Determination of acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid in blood and plasma by HPLC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240061204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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COMMUNICATIONS. Br J Pharmacol 1983. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1983.tb16429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Guidi G, Olzer D, Schiavon R, Zatti M. Sensitive salicylate assay in plasma with a 'reversed' Berthelot's reaction. Clin Chim Acta 1983; 131:325-32. [PMID: 6883726 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(83)90102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ingalls ST, Schwerkoske JF, Forman WB, Hoppel CL. Rapid and sensitive method for the determination of salicylic acid in serum by reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1983; 274:366-71. [PMID: 6874842 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)84445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Reidl U. Determination of acetylsalicylic acid and metabolites in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1983; 272:325-31. [PMID: 6833429 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)86135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A new method has been developed for the determination of acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, salicyluric acid and gentisic acid in plasma, urine and tissue homogenates by simple extraction with ethyl acetate, evaporation and redissolution and measuring by high-performance liquid chromatography. Linearity, reproducibility and recovery were determined. Experiments were carried out to investigate the decomposition of acetylsalicylic acid in plasma with fluoride at different temperatures. The method has been used for pharmacokinetic experiments and an example is given.
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Selinger K, Purdy WC. The determination of slicylic acid and its metabolites in blood plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. Anal Chim Acta 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)83191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nuotto E, Gordin A, Paasonen MK, Metsä-Ketelä T, Lamminsivu U. Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on plasma thromboxane B2 and platelet aggregation in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1983; 25:313-7. [PMID: 6628518 DOI: 10.1007/bf01037940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on plasma thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and platelet aggregation was studied in 12 healthy, non-smoking, male students, in a double-blind, cross-over study, after single doses and 14-days on ASA 50, 100, 250 and 1000 mg/day. Platelet production of TXA2 was assessed by measuring the thromboxane B2 (TXB2) content of clotted venous blood by RIA. Platelet aggregation induced by ADP and adrenaline was studied by the method of Born. All doses of ASA completely suppressed the production of TXB2 within 3 h, with the exception of the 50 mg dose, which effected only 61% suppression (p less than 0.001). After administration for 14 days the suppression was complete, even including the lowest dose. At that time ASA had blocked the secondary phase of adrenaline- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. It is concluded that the maximal antithromboxane and antiaggregatory effects, which last for at least 24 h, can be achieved by continuous daily administration of ASA 50 mg.
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Ross-Lee LM, Eadie MJ, Heazlewood V, Bochner F, Tyrer JH. Aspirin pharmacokinetics in migraine. The effect of metoclopramide. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1983; 24:777-85. [PMID: 6884416 DOI: 10.1007/bf00607087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
1 Soluble aspirin, 600 mg and 1200 mg, and placebo were compared in a double-blind, cross-over study in 12 patients with post-operative pain following removal of impacted lower third molars. 2 Significant analgesia after 600 mg aspirin occurred only at 45 min after administration, whereas significant analgesia after 1200 mg aspirin occurred from 45 to 240 min. The 1200 mg dose produced greater analgesia than the 600 mg dose and is to be recommended in clinical practice. 3 Plasma concentrations of salicylate and acetylsalicylate were measured after both doses. A significant correlation (rs = 0.876, P less than 0.01) was observed between analgesia and plasma salicylate concentration after 1200 mg aspirin.
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Kinberger B, Holmén A. Simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, theophylline and salicylate in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1982; 229:492-7. [PMID: 7047544 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)84297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Sharon R, Frutkoff I, Kidroni G, Menczel J. Applicability and significance of salicylate screening in sera of voluntary blood donors: evaluation of two analytical methods. J Clin Pathol 1982; 35:59-62. [PMID: 7061719 PMCID: PMC497448 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.35.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Salicylate concentrations in 3819 sera of apparently healthy voluntary blood donors were determined in view of the significance of this drug in the induction of allergic reactions and its possible interference in platelet function. Two hundred and ninety-five sera were found by a modified colorimetric determination to contain salicylates. The colorimetric determination was compared with a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of salicylate-containing sera. Drug concentrations detected were mostly in the range of 20-100 mg/l. Such concentrations have been reported to evoke allergic reactions and to affect the haemostatic action of platelets.
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Rumble RH, Roberts MS, Wanwimolruk S. Determination of aspirin and its major metabolites in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography without solvent extraction. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1981; 225:252-60. [PMID: 7298754 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)80270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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