Monoacylcadaverines in the blood of schizophrenic patients

Presence of N-acyl and acetoxy derivatives of putrescine and cadaverine in the human gut

N-acyl and acetoxy derivatives of putrescine and cadaverine have been found in the faeces of children and in cultures of isolates of gut bacteria. The evidence was accumulated from two dimensional, thin layer chromatography, field desorption mass spectrometry, and accurate mass measurement of the DANS derivatives of the amines. The acetoxy compounds of putrescine and cadaverine have not previously been reported.

Determination of free and total polyamines in human serum and urine by ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography using a radial compression module. Application to blood polyamine determination in cancer patients treated or not treated with an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor

A sensitive and rapid determination of free and total polyamines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine and spermine) in urine and serum is described. The procedure is based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation using radial compression module (Radialpak C 8). The samples are purified with a silica gel Sep-Pak cartridge. The polyamines are converted to dansyl chloride derivatives and separated using a linear gradient of triethylammonium phosphate-methanol within 15 min. The lower limits of detection are 10 pmoles for spermine and 5 pmoles for other polyamines. This method is applied to cancer patients treated by cytotoxic chemotherapy with or without difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). All four polyamines are significantly increased in these patients before treatment. On day 8, after onset of treatment, the levels of polyamines in patients not treated with DFMO are more elevated than on day 1, while in patients treated with DFMO the levels are decreased. However, DFMO does not seem to modify the treatment result. The patients which have a low level of putrescine before and during treatment, do not respond to treatment. Perhaps this low level is the consequence of conjugation of this polyamine?

Cadaverine in the rat brain: regional distribution and acylation of [14C]cadaverine in vivo and uptake in vitro

The regional distribution and acylation of intraventricularly injected [14C]cadaverine was studied in the rat brain over a 48-h period. The concentrations of labeled cadaverine and its acyl derivatives, N-monoacetylcadaverine and N-monopropionylcadaverine, were determined in the telencephalon, striatum, hypothalamus, midbrain, cerebellum, and medulla-pons by TLC of their 5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonyl derivatives, followed by liquid scintillation spectrometry. The apparent passage of radioactivity from the ventricular space into brain tissue was slow, with the concentrations reaching a peak at 24 h after injection. The percentage of radioactivity in the acyl forms of cadaverine, however, was maximal 4 h after injection, with the propionyl form predominating. The telencephalon, striatum, and hypothalamus contained the highest concentrations of radioactivity, in all three forms, at all elapsed times. A high-affinity uptake mechanism for cadaverine was demonstrated in slices of these tissues. This process was completely inhibited by equimolar concentrations of unlabeled putrescine.

Metabolism of acetylpolyamines by monoamine oxidase, diamine oxidase and polyamine oxidase

N1-Monoacetylspermine, N1,N12-diacetylspermine and N1-monoacetylspermidine were found to be good substrates for rat liver polyamine oxidase, but not for rat liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. N8-Monoacetylspermidine, monoacetylcadaverine, monoacetylputrescine and monoacetyl-1,3-diaminopropane were oxidized by the monoamine oxidase when the substrate concentration was 10.0 mM, but not by the polyamine oxidase. All the acetylpolyamines except N1,N12-diacetylspermine were also oxidized by hog kidney diamine oxidase although their affinities for the oxidase appeared low. The present data suggest that acetylpolyamines are not easily metabolized in vivo by either monoamine oxidase or diamine oxidase in mammalian tissues although N1-monoacetylspermine, N1,N12-diacetylspermine and N1-monoacetylspermidine are attacked by polyamine oxidase.

Inhibition of evoked dopamine release by monopropionylcadaverine in vitro

A naturally occurring diamine, cadaverine, and one of its acyl derivatives, monopropionylcadaverine, were tested for their effects on the in vitro release of endogenous dopamine from slices of the rat neostriatum. Dopamine release was allowed to occur spontaneously and was evoked by elevating the potassium concentration in the incubation medium or by electric field stimulation. Monopropionylcadaverine had no effect on spontaneous release of dopamine and little effect on potassium-evoked release of dopamine, but at concentrations as low as 10(-8) M in the medium it significantly depressed the electrically induced dopamine release.

Monoacylcadaverines as substrates for both monoamine oxidase and diamine oxidase; low rates of activity

Monoacetylcadaverine and monopropionylcadaverine were found to be substrates for both rat liver monoamine oxidase and hog kidney diamine oxidase, but all the Km-values for the oxidases were very high. The amines were common substrates for type A and type B monoamine oxidase.