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Magdy G, Abdel Hakiem AF, Belal F, Abdel-Megied AM. A novel quality by design approach for development and validation of a green reversed-phase HPLC method with fluorescence detection for the simultaneous determination of lesinurad, febuxostat, and diflunisal: Application to human plasma. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2177-2188. [PMID: 33773042 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel and eco-friendly reversed-phase HPLC method with fluorescence detection was developed for simultaneous estimation of two co-administered antigout drugs (lesinurad and febuxostat) with diflunisal as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Unlike routine methodology, the developed method was optimized using analytical quality by design approach. A full factorial design was applied to optimize the effect of variable factors on chromatographic responses. The chromatographic separation was performed using isocratic elution on the Hypersil BDS C18 column at 40°C. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:potassium phosphate buffer (30.0 mM; pH 5.5, 32.2:67.8% v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and injection volume of 20.0 μL was employed. The proposed method was able to separate the ternary mixture in <10 min. The calibration curves of diflunisal, lesinurad, and febuxostat were linear over concentration ranges of 50.0-500.0, 50.0-700.0, and 20.0-700.0 ng/mL, respectively. Recovery percentages ranging from 98.1 to 101.3% with % relative standard deviation of <2% were obtained upon spiking to human plasma samples, indicating high bioanalytical applicability. Furthermore, the method was found to be excellent green when it was assessed according to Green Analytical Procedure Index and analytical Eco-Scale guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Abdel Hakiem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Megied
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt.,School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
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2
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Hendawy HAM, Salem WM, Abd-Elmonem MS, Khaled E. Nanomaterial-Based Carbon Paste Electrodes for Voltammetric Determination of Naproxen in Presence of Its Degradation Products. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:5381031. [PMID: 31143486 PMCID: PMC6501153 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5381031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes a novel, simple, and fast electroanalytical methodology for naproxen (NAP) determination in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids in the presence of its degradation products. Carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) modified with different carbon nanomaterials, namely, glassy carbon powder (GCE), multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), graphene nanosheets (Gr), and graphene oxides (GO) were tested. Comprehensive studies were performed on the electrode matrix composition including the nature of the pasting liquids, pH, carbon nanomaterials, and mode of electrode modification. Two anodic oxidation peaks were recorded at 0.890 and 1.18 V in 1 × 10-1 mol·L-1 phosphate buffer solution at pH 6. Oxidation of naproxen (NAP) is an irreversible diffusion-controlled process. Calibration plots were rectilinear in the concentration ranging from 0.067 to 1.0 µg·mL-1 with correlation coefficient 0.9979. Photodegradation of NAP resulted in disappearance of the oxidation peak at 1.18 V, allowing simultaneous determination of NAP in presence of its degradation product. The achieved high sensitivity and selectivity suggest the application of the proposed protocol for naproxen determination in pharmaceutical preparations and human blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A. M. Hendawy
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), P.O. Box 29, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Waheed M. Salem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | | | - Elmorsy Khaled
- Microanalysis Laboratory, Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El Bohouth St., Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt
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3
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Moore DE, Chen BC. Reactions of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with polyacrylamide free radicals. Redox Rep 2016; 3:41-7. [DOI: 10.1080/13510002.1997.11747089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Fonseca WT, Santos RF, Alves JN, Ribeiro SD, Takeuchi RM, Santos AL, Assunção RMN, Filho GR, Muñoz RAA. Square-Wave Voltammetry as Analytical Tool for Real-Time Study of Controlled Naproxen Releasing from Cellulose Derivative Materials. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Microextraction by packed sorbent and high performance liquid chromatography determination of seven non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in human plasma and urine. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1367:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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6
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Montes RHO, Stefano JS, Richter EM, Munoz RAA. Exploring Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Naproxen Detection. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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You Y, Uboh CE, Guan F, Soma LR. Doping Control Analysis of 16 Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Equine Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2014.517126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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RP-HPLC Method for Determination of Several NSAIDs and Their Combination Drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/242868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Ameli A, Kalhor H, Alizadeh N. Simultaneous analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs using electrochemically controlled solid-phase microextraction based on nanostructure molecularly imprinted polypyrrole film coupled to ion mobility spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1797-804. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akram Ameli
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Hamideh Kalhor
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Naader Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
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Patel DS, Sharma N, Patel MC, Patel BN, Shrivastav PS, Sanyal M. Sensitive and Selective Determination of Diflunisal in Human Plasma by LC-MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 51:872-82. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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11
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El-Kommos ME, Mohamed NA, Abdel Hakiem AF. SELECTIVE REVERSED PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF SOME PHARMACEUTICAL BINARY MIXTURES CONTAINING NSAIDS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.629390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. El-Kommos
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Niveen A. Mohamed
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Ahmed F. Abdel Hakiem
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
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12
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Ameli A, Alizadeh N. Nanostructured conducting molecularly imprinted polymer for selective uptake/release of naproxen by the electrochemically controlled sorbent. Anal Biochem 2012; 428:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Elsinghorst PW, Kinzig M, Rodamer M, Holzgrabe U, Sörgel F. An LC–MS/MS procedure for the quantification of naproxen in human plasma: Development, validation, comparison with other methods, and application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1686-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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14
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Sakaguchi Y, Yoshida H, Todoroki K, Nohta H, Yamaguchi M. Separation-Oriented Derivatization of Native Fluorescent Compounds through Fluorous Labeling Followed by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorous-Phase. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5039-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9005952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sakaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Todoroki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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15
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Simultaneous Determination of Naproxen and Diflunisal using Synchronous Luminescence Spectrometry. J Fluoresc 2008; 18:909-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-008-0322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Suenami K, Lim LW, Takeuchi T, Sasajima Y, Sato K, Takekoshi Y, Kanno S. On-line sample extraction and enrichment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by pre-column in capillary liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 846:176-83. [PMID: 16971191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of 16 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in human plasma by capillary liquid chromatography (LC) and quadrupole mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization operated in the negative ion mode. The sample clean-up and enrichment on a pre-column were accomplished on-line to improve the sensitivity. This method greatly reduced sample preparation time and sample volume compared with off-line sample extraction methods and conventional LC methods, respectively. The recoveries of NSAIDs from human plasma were 56.7-96.9%. The total analytical time for a single analytical run was approximately 15 min. The detection limits of NSAIDs were 0.001-0.075 microg ml(-1) using a selected ion monitoring mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Suenami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Suenami K, Wah Lim L, Takeuchi T, Sasajima Y, Sato K, Takekoshi Y, Kanno S. Direct determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by column-switching LC–MS. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:2725-32. [PMID: 17305233 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A method for determination of 16 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in human plasma samples without time-consuming sample pre-treatments was developed. The system consisted of two pumps for mobile phase delivery, a six-port switching valve, a pre-column (Oasis HLB Cartridge Column), and a reversed phase analytical column (COSMOSIL 3C18-MS-II). The analytes were trapped on the precolumn and subsequently separated on the analytical column. The present method allowed on-line sample clean-up and enrichment, leading to improved sensitivity without any tedious sample preparation. The recoveries of NSAIDs from human plasma by column-switching were greater than 72.6%. The total analysis time for a single analytical run was approximately 11 min. The detection limits of NSAIDs were 0.0025 to 0.2 microg/mL using the selected ion monitoring mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Suenami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
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18
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Suryanarayanan V, Zhang Y, Yoshihara S, Shirakashi T. Voltammetric Assay of Naproxen in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200403205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Pavan Kumar VV, Vinu MCA, Ramani AV, Mullangi R, Srinivas NR. Simultaneous quantitation of etoricoxib, salicylic acid, valdecoxib, ketoprofen, nimesulide and celecoxib in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Biomed Chromatogr 2005; 20:125-32. [PMID: 16013036 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A specific, accurate, precise and reproducible high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitation of etoricoxib, salicylic acid, valdecoxib, ketoprofen, nimesulide and celecoxib in human plasma. The method employed a simple liquid-liquid extraction of etoricoxib, salicylic acid, valdecoxib, ketoprofen, nimesulide and celecoxib and internal standard (IS, DRF-4367) from human plasma (500 microL) into acetonitirile. The organic layer was separated and evaporated under a gentle stream of nitrogen at 40 degrees C. The residue was reconstituted in the mobile phase and injected onto a Kromasil KR 100-5C18 column (4.6 x 250 mm, 5 microm). The chromatographic separation was achieved by gradient elution consisting of 0.05 M formic acid (pH 3)-acetonitrile-methanol-water at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The eluate was monitored using an ultraviolet (UV) detector set at 235 nm. The ratio of peak area of each analyte to IS was used for quantification of plasma samples. Nominal retention times of etoricoxib, salicylic acid, valdecoxib, ketoprofen, nimesulide, IS and celecoxib were 15.63, 17.20, 21.66, 24.95, 26.27, 30.24 and 32.22 min, respectively. The standard curve for etoricoxib, salicylic acid, valdecoxib, ketoprofen and celecoxib was linear (r2 > 0.999) in the concentration range 0.1-50 microg/mL and for nimesulide (r2 > 0.999) in the concentration range 0.5-50 microg/mL. Absolute recovery was >83% from human plasma for all the analytes and IS. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of nimesulide was 0.5 microg/mL and for etoricoxib, salicylic acid, valdecoxib, ketoprofen and celecoxib the LLOQ was 0.1 microg/mL. The inter- and intra-day precisions in the measurement of QC samples, 0.1, 0.3, 15.0 and 40.0 microg/mL (for all analytes except nimesulide), were in the range 2.29-9.37% relative standard deviation (RSD) and 0.69-10.28% RSD, respectively. For nimesulide the inter- and intra-day precisions in the measurement of quality control (QC) samples, 0.5, 1.5, 15.0 and 40.0 microg/mL, were in the range 3.21-7.37% RSD and 0.97-7.06% RSD, respectively. Accuracy in the measurement of QC samples for all analytes was in the range 91.03-106.38% of the nominal values. All analytes including IS were stable in the battery of stability studies, viz. bench top, autosampler and freeze-thaw cycles. Stability of all analytes was established for 21 days at -20 degrees C. The application of the assay in an oral pharmacokinetic study in rats co-administered with celecoxib and valdecoxib is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata V Pavan Kumar
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Research, Dr Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Miyapur, Hyderabad- 500 049, India
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Adhoum N, Monser L, Toumi M, Boujlel K. Determination of naproxen in pharmaceuticals by differential pulse voltammetry at a platinum electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Sun Y, Takaba K, Kido H, Nakashima MN, Nakashima K. Simultaneous determination of arylpropionic acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and human plasma by HPLC with UV detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 30:1611-9. [PMID: 12467933 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-UV detection method was developed for the simultaneous determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) having an arylpropionic acid moiety in pharmaceutical formulations and human plasma. Isocratic separation was employed on ODS column (250 x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 microm) at ambient temperature. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile, phosphate buffer (pH 3.5; 50 mM), methanol and tetrahydrofuran. The NSAIDs in the eluent were monitored under a wavelength-programme to provide their maximum absorbance. Mefenamic acid was used as an internal standard. Drugs were found to be 96.8-101.9% of their label claim in pharmaceutical formulations. One hundred microliters of human plasma samples were pretreated with a simple liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate. The detection limits of compounds studied at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 were 11.5-75 ng/ml in human plasma samples. The proposed method is simple, selective and could be applicable for routine analysis of arylpropionic acidic NSAIDs in pharmaceutical as well as in human plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Sun
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Japan
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Pai YF, Liu CY. Capillary electrochromatographic separation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a histidine bonded phase. J Chromatogr A 2002; 982:293-301. [PMID: 12489886 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An open tubular wall-coated capillary column containing histidine functional groups was prepared and employed for the capillary electrochromatographic separation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The anion exchange along with the hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic properties of the surface coating allowed the separation of analytes with very similar ionic mobility. Selectivity and resolution were studied by changing the pH over the range from 3.5 to 5.0 and the concentration of the buffer from 10 to 25 mM, as well as variation of the organic modifier, such as methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol over the range 7.5 to 20%. The optimum experimental conditions for the separation of a drug mixture, which consisted of indoprofen, ketoprofen, suprofen, naproxen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen and ibuprofen were using a mixture of acetate buffer (20 mM, pH 5.0)-ethanol (1:5, v/v) as background electrolyte and an applied voltage of -20 kV with UV detection at 220 nm. The separation of these drugs could be achieved with an average plate number of 1.0 x 10(5) m(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fen Pai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Cakrt M, Hercegová A, Lesko J, Polonský J, Sádecká J, Skacáni I. Isotachophoretic determination of naproxen in the presence of its metabolite in human serum. J Chromatogr A 2001; 916:207-14. [PMID: 11382293 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An isotachophoretic method with conductivity detection was developed to determine naproxen in the presence of its metabolite 6-O-desmethylnaproxen in human serum. The leading electrolyte contained 10 mM hydrochloric acid, beta-alanine, pH 4.0 and 0.1% methylhydroxypropylcellulose. The terminating electrolyte was 10 mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid-tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, pH 6.9, containing 20% (v/v) of ethanol. Naproxen was determined in serum supernatant after simple deproteination of the sample with ethanol. The isotachophoretic results were compared with those obtained by synchronous fluorescence spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cakrt
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Abstract
A new differential pulse polarographic (DPP) and differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric (DPAdSV) methods for the electrochemical behavior and quantitative determination of diflunisal were described. In these voltammetric methods, the peak potential of diflunisal was found as -0.31 V (vs. Ag/AgCI) with selected Britton--Robinson buffer (BR, pH 7.8) as a supporting electrolyte. The variation of the peak current with the concentration of diflunisal were linear in the 9.0--40.0 and 4.0--30.0 microg ml(-1) concentration ranges for DPP and DPAdSV methods, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) were found as 5.0 and 0.1 microg ml(-1) for DPP and DPAdSV methods, respectively. The developed methods were validated by evaluation of the validation parameters. The characteristics of the peak current of diflunisal were examined in detail and the results proved that the peak current has an adsorption characteristic. The developed methods were proposed for rapid determination of diflunisal in commercial tablets. The recovery studies showed that developed assays had a good accuracy and precision with mean recoveries 99.92 and 100.02% and mean variation coefficients 0.29 and 0.24% in DPP and DPAdSV methods, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sayin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Hacettepe, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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Bebawy LI, El-Kousy NM. Simultaneous determination of some multicomponent dosage forms by quantitative thin layer chromatography densitometric method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1999; 20:663-70. [PMID: 10704135 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, simultaneous determination of naproxen with diflunisal (mixture I), paracetamol with chlorzoxazone (mixture II) and chlorphenoxamine hydrochloride with 8-chlorotheophylline and caffeine (mixture III) in multicomponent mixtures was conducted by a thin layer chromatography densitometric method. The mobile phase ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia 25% (85:15:5 v/v) was used for the separation of the components of mixtures (I) and (II) with Rf values of 0.16 for naproxen, 0.4 for diflunisal, 0.77 for paracetamol and 0.32 for chlorzoxazone. Efficient separation of the components of mixture (III) was attained using ethyl acetate as mobile phase with Rf values of 0.12, 0.62 and 0.42 for chlorphenoxamine hydrochloride, 8-chlorotheophylline and caffeine, respectively. Linearity ranges, mean recoveries and relative standard deviations in calibration graphs of the proposed method were calculated. The method has been successfully applied to pharmaceutical formulations, sugar-coated tablets, capsules and suppositories. The results obtained were statistically compared with those obtained by applying the reported alternate methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Bebawy
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
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de Jager AD, Ellis H, Hundt HK, Swart KJ, Hundt AF. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination with amperometric detection of piroxicam in human plasma and tissues. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1999; 729:183-9. [PMID: 10410941 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
After repeated topical application of a piroxicam gel preparation to the knee, piroxicam was quantified in plasma, subcutaneous tissue, synovial capsule and synovial fluid, using specimens obtained during knee surgery. Electrochemical detection was used and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.72 ng/ml in plasma at a signal-to-noise ratio of 10:1. The chromatographic method was optimised to determine piroxicam in all four matrices, and the analyte was quantified using a calibration line constructed from plasma calibration standards. Levels in subcutaneous tissue, synovial capsule and synovial fluid were compared to plasma steady-state levels and expressed as a ratio, in order to ascertain bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D de Jager
- FARMOVS Research Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Development, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
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27
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Bakkali A, Corta E, Berrueta LA, Gallo B, Vicente F. Study of the solid-phase extraction of diclofenac sodium, indomethacin and phenylbutazone for their analysis in human urine by liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1999; 729:139-45. [PMID: 10410936 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A selective semi-automated solid-phase extraction (SPE) of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac sodium, indomethacin and phenylbutazone from urine prior to high-performance liquid chromatography was investigated. The drugs were recovered from urine buffered at pH 5.0 using C18 Bond-Elut cartridges as solid sorbent material and mixtures of methanol-aqueous buffer or acetonitrile-aqueous buffer as washing and elution solvents. The extracts were chromatographed on a reversed-phase ODS column using 10 mM acetate buffer (pH 4.0)-acetonitrile (58:42, v/v) as the mobile phase, and the effluent from the column was monitored at 210 nm with ultraviolet detection. Absolute recoveries of the anti-inflammatory drugs within the range 0.02-1.0 microg/ml were about 85% for diclofenac and indomethacin, and 50% for phenylbutazone without any interference from endogenous compounds of the urine. The within-day and between-day repeatabilities were in all cases less than 5% and 10%, respectively. Limits of detection were 0.007 microg/ml for diclofenac sodium and indomethacin and 0.035 microg/ml for phenylbutazone, whereas limits of quantitation were 0.02 microg/ml for diclofenac and indomethacin and 0.1 microg/ml for phenylbutazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bakkali
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
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28
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Zhou D, Zhang Q, Lu W, Xia Q, Wei S. Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetic comparison of a sustained-release tablet and conventional tablets of naproxen in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 1998; 38:625-9. [PMID: 9702847 DOI: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1998.tb04469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of a new sustained-release tablet of naproxen (500 mg once daily) were compared with a conventional tablet (250 mg twice daily) after single- or multiple-dose oral administration in healthy volunteers using an open, randomized two-way crossover experimental design. Naproxen was well absorbed from the sustained-release tablet (approximately 97%) compared with the conventional tablet. Pharmacokinetic data showed that the sustained-release formulation reached significantly delayed mean peak plasma levels (Cmax) in both single- and multiple-dose studies and lower Cmax in a single-dose study than the conventional formulation. However, there were no statistically significant differences in other pharmacokinetic parameters, including area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), elimination half-life (t1/2), and elimination rate constant (Ke), in either single- or multiple-dose studies between the two treatments. In addition, there were no significant differences between formulations in Cmax, minimum plasma concentration (Cmin), and fluctuation index in the multiple-dose study.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Medical University, Republic of China
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29
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Milofsky R, Bauer E. Capillary electrophoresis with post-column addition of terbium and sensitized lanthanide-ion luminescence detection for the determination of diflunisal and salicylic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240201204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Abstract
Sulindac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the indene acetic acid class. The absorption of sulindac is rapid when given orally. Sulindac is reversibly metabolised to sulindac sulphide which has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and is irreversibly metabolised to sulindac sulphone which has been suggested to possess antiproliferative effects against tumours. Sulindac and its sulphide and sulphone metabolites bind extensively to plasma albumin. Sulindac is eliminated following bio-transformation; sulindac and sulindac sulphone and their respective glucurooconjugated metabolites are excreted in urine; however only a small amount of the sulindac sulphide metabolite is eliminated in urine. Following long term twice daily administration both sulindac and its metabolites accumulate in plasma. Both patients with cirrhosis and the elderly demonstrate elevated concentrations of all species upon long term sulindac administration as compared with a single dose. The disposition of sulindac and its metabolites may be tied to renal function. In end-stage renal disease, increased free fractions of all species and accumulation of the sulphide and sulphone metabolites, and to a lesser extent sulindac, occurs. Significant drug interactions have been demonstrated for dimethylsulphoxide, cyclosporin, furosemide (frusemide), hydrochlorothiazide, methotrexate and cholestyramine.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Davies
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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31
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Hirai T, Matsumoto S, Kishi I. Simultaneous analysis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with normal solid-phase extraction. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 692:375-88. [PMID: 9188827 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(96)00509-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A practical and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic method using normal solid-phase extraction has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of twelve non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in human urine. A urine specimen mixed with acetate buffer pH 5.0 was purified by solid-phase extraction on a Sep-Pak Silica cartridge. The analyte was chromatographed by a reversed-phase Inertsil ODS-2 column using a phosphate buffer-acetonitrile at pH 5.0 as the mobile phase, and the effluent from the column was monitored at 230 or 320 nm. Absolute recoveries were greater than 73% for all of the twelve NSAIDs. The present method enabled simple manipulation and isocratic HPLC with UV analysis as well as high sensitivity of 0.005 microg/ml for naproxen, and 0.05 microg/ml for sulindac, piroxicam, loxoprofen, ketoprofen, felbinac, fenbufen, flurbiprofen, diclofenac, ibuprofen and mefenamic acid as the quantitation limit in human urine using indomethacin as an internal standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hirai
- Medical Research Laboratories, Lederle (Japan) Ltd., Shiki-shi, Saitama
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32
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Ray GF, Lanman RC, Fu CJ, Paranka NS, Pamukcu R, Wheeler SC. Determination of FGN-1 (an active metabolite of sulindac) in human plasma, urine, and feces by HPLC. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1995; 14:213-20. [PMID: 8833984 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(95)01631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G F Ray
- Kansas City Analytical Services, Inc., Shawnee, KS 66216, USA
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33
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Krishna R, Riggs KW, Walker MP, Kwan E, Rurak DW. Sensitive fused-silica capillary gas chromatographic assay using electron-capture detection for indomethacin in ovine fetal fluids. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 674:65-75. [PMID: 8749253 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive gas chromatographic (GC) method with electron-capture detection (ECD) has been developed to quantitate indomethacin (IND) in plasma, urine, amniotic, and tracheal fluids obtained from the pregnant sheep model. IND and the internal standard, alpha-methylindomethacin (alpha-Me-IND) are extracted by a simple liquid-liquid extraction procedure using ethyl acetate and derivatized with N-methyl-N-(tert.-butyldimethyl-silyl)trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) at 60 degrees C for 50 min. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 1 ng/ml with a C.V. < 10% and signal-to-noise ratio > 10. Recoveries from all fluids were greater than 80%. Calibration curves were linear over the range of 1-32 ng/ml with a coefficient of determination (r2) > 0.999. Inter- and intra-day coefficients of variation were < 10% at concentrations of 2-32 ng/ml, and < 20% at the LOQ. Applicability of the developed method is demonstrated for a pharmacokinetic study of IND samples collected following long-term infusion of IND in a chronically instrumented ovine fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Krishna
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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34
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Suh H, Jun HW, Lu GW. Fluorometric High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Quantitation of Naproxen in Serum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079508010436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Leroy P, Baudrit O, Blanchin MD, Nicolas A, Fabre H. Electrochemical oxidation of CBS-113 A, a new anti-inflammatory drug: applicability to liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1995; 13:1133-40. [PMID: 8573639 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(95)01532-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical properties of a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl-2-aminothiazole hydrochloride; CBS-113 A) have been studied using voltammetry in direct current and cyclic modes at glassy carbon disk electrodes. The results show an oxidative process with a diffusion-controlled and a reversible mechanism; these data agree with those obtained in a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system coupled either with amperometric (single glassy carbon electrode) or coulometric detection (two porous graphite electrodes in series) set at potentials of +0.65 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and +0.4 V (vs. Pd/H2), respectively. Similar electrochemical properties were found for 2-hydroxyphenyl-2-amino-5'-methylthiazole hydrochloride (RD-1546) which is a potential internal standard. An HPLC system coupled with a UV detector (lambda = 272 nm) and an amperometric detector (+0.65 V) showed a gain in sensitivity of about 10 using electrochemical detection (ED) for the determination of CBS-113 A in human plasma. Linearity range, precision and accuracy were calculated and showed the potential application of HPLC-ED to pharmacokinetic studies of CBS-113 A in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Leroy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, URA CNRS 597, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Nancy, France
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36
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Solich P, Macheras PE, Koupparis MA. Construction of a diflunisal ion sensor and its use in automated flow-injection methods for assay, content uniformity, and dissolution studies of formulations. J Pharm Sci 1995; 84:889-94. [PMID: 7562443 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600840720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A diflunisal ion selective electrode of the PVC membrane type with an ion-exchanger consisting of the tetraheptylammonium-diflunisal ion pair is described. The sensor exhibits a rapid, near-Nernstian, selective response to diflunisal anion in the pH range 7-10, with a (batch) detection limit of 1 x 10(-5) M. The ion sensor was used as a flow detector in an automated flow-injection analyzer to develop routine methods for assays (concentration range 1-50 x 10(-4) M, (flow) detection limit 2.6 x 10(-5) M), content uniformity, and dissolution studies of diflunisal formulations. No serious interference from common ions and tablet excipients was found, and the drug can be directly determined in colored samples without separation steps. Fourty measurements can be performed automatically per hour with a precision of 0.5-1.8% relative standard deviation. The automated method for the dissolution test provides a complete dissolution profile by the end of the experiment. Using the constructed ion sensor, the intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the diflunisal anion was studied, thereby revealing a new application of ion sensor potentiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Solich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Kouponia, Greece
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37
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Hoyo-Vadillo C, Pérez-Urizar J, López-Munoz FJ. Usefulness of the pain-induced functional impairment model to relate plasma levels of analgesics to their efficacy in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 1995; 47:462-5. [PMID: 7674128 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1995.tb05831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work we show that the pain-induced functional impairment model (PIFIR) can be used with cannulated rats as a useful procedure for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling. This model evaluates analgesia by measuring motor impairment of the right limb after intra-articular administration of uric acid. Time of contact with a rotating cylinder is referred to the control limb. We studied the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics of naproxen after six peroral doses to Wistar rats, and we examined the adjuvant action of caffeine with naproxen. Surgery and blood sampling did not produce any difference on functional impairment either in rats without uric acid or in the dysfunction produced by uric acid. The relation between naproxen plasma concentration and the analgesic effect was obtained with few rats. Caffeine alone did not produce any significant modification in functional impairment but the co-administration significantly increased the effect of naproxen. Plasma levels of naproxen did not change when caffeine was co-administered. The PIFIR model with blood sampling is a suitable method for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship studies and is specially useful to characterize drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hoyo-Vadillo
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, Mexico
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38
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Delbeke FT, Landuyt J, Debackere M. Determination of alclofenac in equine plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1993; 621:209-14. [PMID: 7905004 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80097-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method to measure plasma and urinary alclofenac levels in equine biofluids is described. Isolation of the drug from plasma is achieved using liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether. Reversed-phase C18 solid phase extraction is used for the extraction of free and conjugated alclofenac from urine. The reproducibility and accuracy of the method were well within acceptable limits over the concentration ranges 0-10 and 0-20 micrograms/ml, respectively, for plasma and urine. Starting with 2 ml of plasma, a concentration of 0.1 microgram/ml could easily be measured; the limit of quantification in urine (0.5 ml) was 1 microgram/ml. Hydrolysis of urine with strong alkali resulted in the decomposition of alclofenac. A pharmacokinetic profile of alclofenac in the horse is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Delbeke
- Vakgroep Farmacologie, Farmacie on Toxicologie, Faculteit Diergeneeskunde, Universiteit Gent, Belgium
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39
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Karidas T, Avgerinos A, Malamataris S. Extractionless HPLC Method for the Determination of Naproxen in Human Plasma and Urine. ANAL LETT 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719308017474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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40
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Sánchez-Pedreño C, Garcia MS, Albero MI, Rodriguez J. Flow-injection spectrophotometric determination of piroxicam. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1993; 11:933-8. [PMID: 8305598 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(93)80052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Two flow-injection analysis (FIA) methods are proposed for the determination of piroxicam. The first involves measurement of the UV absorbance of a solution containing the drug, methanol and hydrochloric acid at 332 nm; in the second method a Fe(III)-piroxicam complex is formed in a methanolic medium and the absorbance is measured at 520 nm. In both methods, the peak height is used as a quantitative parameter and piroxicam is determined over the ranges 0.5-15 and 30-500 microgram ml-1, respectively. The methods have been applied to the routine determination of the drug in dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sánchez-Pedreño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Spain
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41
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Suwa T, Urano H, Shinohara Y, Kokatsu J. Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of lornoxicam and its 5'-hydroxy metabolite in human plasma using electrochemical detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1993; 617:105-10. [PMID: 8376521 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A selective and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with coulometric detection is described for the simultaneous quantitation of lornoxicam, a new oxicam class drug, and its 5'-hydroxy metabolite in human plasma. The two analytes and the internal standard are extracted from plasma at pH 4.0 by liquid-liquid extraction and separated on a C18 column. Absolute detection limits using 100 microliters of plasma are found to be 5 and 10 ng/ml for lornoxicam and 5'-hydroxylornoxicam, respectively. The assay described has been successfully applied to samples from clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Suwa
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Research Center Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
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42
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Al-Shammary FJ, Aziz Mian NA, Mian MS. Naproxen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-5428(08)60397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
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