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Sperm lipidic profiles differ significantly between ejaculates resulting in pregnancy or not following intracytoplasmic sperm injection. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:1973-1985. [PMID: 30105539 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although assisted reproduction techniques involve the use of semen samples, there is little scientific methodology applied when selecting sperm. To select the most appropriate spermatozoa, first we need to define the optimal molecular characteristics. Sperm lipids may contribute to sperm function, thus our aim was to compare the lipidic profiles of sperm samples used in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles that ultimately led to a pregnancy with those that did not.Spermatozoa from infertile patients after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (group non-pregnant, n = 16; vs. group pregnant, n = 22) were analyzed for lipid composition using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, by means two platforms for measuring fatty acyls, bile-acids, lysoglycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, cholesteryl-esters, sphingolipids, and glycerophospholipids. Lipid levels were compared using a univariate test and multivariate analyses after logarithmic transformation.We detected 151 different lipids in the sperm samples, 10 of which were significantly increased in sperm samples from the NP group, ranging from 1.10- to 1.30-fold change. These were primarily ceramides, sphingomyelins and three glycerophospholipids, a lysophosphatidylcholine, and two plasmalogen species. Additionally, 2-Monoacylglycerophosphocholine were also found in higher levels in non-pregnant group.Our results describe the composition of sperm lipids linked to optimal sperm function, opening new possibilities for the development of male fertility diagnostic tools and culture media formulations to improve sperm quality and enhance reproductive results. Given that lipids compose the majority of the sperm plasma membrane, this information is also useful in designing new sperm selection tools that will allow for the selection of the best spermatozoa.
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Reddy KP, Reddy PS. Testicular and epididymal toxicity induced by benzo(a)pyrene, alcohol, and their combination in Wistar rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:420-433. [PMID: 30090357 PMCID: PMC6062366 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00420a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholism and cigarette smoking are pervasive problems that have been implicated in human health. In this study, independent and combinative toxicities of alcohol and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) were tested for reproductive toxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed to BaP (100 μg per kg body weight) on alternative days and alcohol (2 g per kg body weight per day) daily, either individually or in combination for 60 days. Exposure to BaP or alcohol significantly decreased the fertility index and reduced the number of implantations associated with elevated pre- and post-implantation losses. The relative weights of testes, epididymis, seminal vesicles, and prostate gland were significantly decreased in BaP or alcohol administered rats. Exposure to BaP or alcohol significantly decreased daily sperm production, sperm density, percentages of motile, viable, HOS-tail swelled sperm, testicular 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity levels, mRNA levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, and serum testosterone levels. Further, in silico studies revealed the binding of BaP at the hydrophobic tunnel of StAR protein. Additional studies disclosed stable interactions of BaP with the amide group of ASN150 and the hydroxyl group of THR263 by forming three hydrogen bonds. Our results also showed that treatment of rats with BaP or alcohol caused a marked increase in levels of superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and lipid peroxidation in testis and epididymis. Conversely, glutathione levels and activity levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in testis as well as epididymis decreased significantly in the experimental rats. Under the same conditions, increased fragmented DNA levels were observed in sperm. The results of the present study indicate that exposure to BaP or alcohol adversely affected the male reproductive functions, which may be, at least in part, due to androgen deficiency and/or oxidative stress-related mechanisms. Consistently, the present results also showed higher reproductive toxicity upon exposure to combinations of BaP and alcohol than upon their individual treatments. Therefore, this combination was classified as additive and synergistic responses of BaP and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pratap Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology , Sri Venkateswara University , Tirupati - 517502 , India
- Department of Zoology , Sri Venkateswara University , Tirupati - 517502 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9247593000
| | - P Sreenivasula Reddy
- Department of Zoology , Sri Venkateswara University , Tirupati - 517502 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9247593000
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Wang K, Jiang D, Sims CE, Allbritton NL. Separation of fluorescently labeled phosphoinositides and sphingolipids by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 907:79-86. [PMID: 23000742 PMCID: PMC3475496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) and sphingolipids regulate many aspects of cell behavior and are often involved in disease processes such as oncogenesis. Capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) is emerging as an important tool for enzymatic assays of the metabolism of these lipids, particularly in cell-based formats. Previous separations of phosphoinositide lipids by CE required a complex buffer with polymer additives which had the disadvantages of high cost and/or short shelf life. Further a simultaneous separation of these classes of lipids has not been demonstrated in a robust buffer system. In the current work, a simple separation buffer based on NaH(2)PO(4) and 1-propanol was optimized to separate two sphingolipids and multiple phosphoinositides by CE. The NaH(2)PO(4) concentration, pH, 1-propanol fraction, and a surfactant additive to the buffer were individually optimized to achieve simultaneous separation of the sphingolipids and phosphoinositides. Fluorescein-labeled sphingosine (SFL) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1PFL), fluorescein-labeled phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidyl-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), and bodipy-fluorescein (BFL)-labeled PIP2 and PIP3 were separated pairwise and in combination to demonstrate the generalizability of the method. Theoretical plate numbers achieved were as high as 2×10(5) in separating fluorophore-labeled PIP2 and PIP3. Detection limits for the 6 analytes were in the range of 10(-18)-10(-20)mol. The method also showed high reproducibility, as the relative standard deviation of the normalized migration time for each analyte in the simultaneous separation of all 6 compounds was less than 1%. The separation of a mixture composed of diacylglycerol (DAG) and multiple phosphoinositides was also demonstrated. As a final test, fluorescent lipid metabolites formed within cells loaded with BFLPIP2 were separated from a cell lysate as well as a single cell. This simple and robust separation method for SFL and S1PFL and various metabolites of phosphoinositide-related signal transduction is expected to enable improved enzymatic assays for biological and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Dechen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Christopher E. Sims
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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Uptake and utilization of arachidonic acid in infective larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. J Helminthol 2010; 85:395-400. [PMID: 21106133 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x10000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infective larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis may take up and incorporate exogenous arachidonic acid into their lipid pool. By scintillation counting, uptake and incorporation were determined to be time dependent. Arachidonic acid was mainly incorporated into phospholipid (56.8%) and neutral lipid (22.4%) pools. In the neutral lipids, 64.0% was diglyceride and 36.0% triglyceride. Phosphatidylcholine was the predominant fatty acid in the phospholipid pool. In addition to the release of leukotriene B4, the parasite was found to generate radiolabelled CO2 after incubation with [U-14C]arachidonate. Moreover, enzymatic analysis of crude extracts revealed the presence of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (short and long chain), thiolase, enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. These findings suggest that infective larvae of A. cantonensis not only take up and incorporate exogenous arachidonic acid into their lipid pool, but may also utilize the fatty acid through a functional β-oxidation pathway.
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Interest of fluorescence derivatization and fluorescence probe assisted post-column detection of phospholipids: a short review. Molecules 2010; 15:352-73. [PMID: 20110896 PMCID: PMC6256975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15010352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are essential constituents of all living cell membranes. There are many analytical methods available for the quantitative and qualitative determination of phospholipids, but since these molecules lack chromophores, common absorbance based methods are of limited use. Beside mass spectrometry, some less specific approaches that are routinely used are evaporative light scattering detection or fluorescence, which exhibit sufficient sensitivity. Here, we focus on fluorescence, which remains an interesting way to quantify phospholipids. Two ways of detecting phospholipids by fluorescence are possible coupled with separation techniques such as thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE): firstly, pre-column derivatization procedures and secondly, probe assisted post-column detection with suitable fluorescence reagents. In both cases, the common purpose is to increase the detection sensitivity. It is shown that, whereas pre-column derivatization is characterized by selectivity due to the chemical functionality of the analyte involved in the derivatization process, in supramolecular post-column derivatization, the selectivity only proceeds from the capacity of the lipid to involve supramolecular assemblies with a fluorescence probe. The aim of this review is to summarize available experiments concerning fluorescence detection of phospholipids. The interest and limitation of such detection approaches are discussed.
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Varhac R, Robinson NC, Musatov A. Removal of bound Triton X-100 from purified bovine heart cytochrome bc1. Anal Biochem 2009; 395:268-70. [PMID: 19733142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome bc(1) isolated from Triton X-100-solubilized mitochondrial membranes contains up to 120 nmol of Triton X-100 bound per nanomole of the enzyme. Purified cytochrome bc(1) is fully active; however, protein-bound Triton X-100 significantly interferes with structural studies of the enzyme. Removal of Triton X-100 bound to bovine cytochrome bc(1) was accomplished by incubation with Bio-Beads SM-2 in the presence of sodium cholate. Sodium cholate is critical because it does not interfere with the adsorption of protein on the hydrophobic surface of the beads. The resulting Triton X-100-free cytochrome bc(1) retained nearly full activity, absorption spectra, subunit, and phospholipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastislav Varhac
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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7
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Liang H, Ran Q, Jang YC, Holstein D, Lechleiter J, McDonald-Marsh T, Musatov A, Song W, Remmen HV, Richardson A. Glutathione peroxidase 4 differentially regulates the release of apoptogenic proteins from mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:312-20. [PMID: 19447173 PMCID: PMC2773016 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) is a unique antioxidant enzyme that repairs oxidative damage to biomembranes. In this study, we examined the effects of Gpx4 on the release of various apoptogenic proteins from mitochondria using transgenic mice overexpressing Gpx4 [Tg(GPX4(+/0))] and mice deficient in Gpx4 (Gpx4+/- mice). Diquat exposure triggered apoptosis that occurred through an intrinsic pathway and resulted in the mitochondrial release of cytochrome c (Cyt c), Smac/DIABLO, and Omi/HtrA2 in the liver of wild-type (Wt) mice. Liver apoptosis and Cyt c release were suppressed in Tg(GPX4(+/0)) mice but exacerbated in Gpx4+/- mice; however, neither the Tg(GPX4(+/0)) nor the Gpx4+/- mice showed any alterations in the levels of Smac/DIABLO or Omi/HtrA2 released from mitochondria. Submitochondrial fractionation data showed that Smac/DIABLO and Omi/HtrA2 existed primarily in the intermembrane space and matrix, whereas Cyt c and Gpx4 were both associated with the inner membrane. In addition, diquat exposure induced cardiolipin peroxidation in the liver of Wt mice; the levels of cardiolipin peroxidation were reduced in Tg(GPX4(+/0)) mice but elevated in Gpx4+/- mice. These data suggest that Gpx4 differentially regulates apoptogenic protein release owing to its inner membrane location in mitochondria and its ability to repair cardiolipin peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Liang
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio Texas, 78245
| | - Qitao Ran
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio Texas, 78245
- Department of The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio Texas, 78245
- The Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, 78229
| | - Youngmok Charles Jang
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio Texas, 78245
| | - Deborah Holstein
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio Texas, 78245
| | - James Lechleiter
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio Texas, 78245
- Department of The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio Texas, 78245
| | - Tiffany McDonald-Marsh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio Texas, 78245
| | - Andrej Musatov
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio Texas, 78245
| | - Wook Song
- The Department of Physical Education at Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio Texas, 78245
- Department of The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio Texas, 78245
- The Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, 78229
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio Texas, 78245
- Department of The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio Texas, 78245
- The Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, 78229
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Otieno AC, Quainoo EW, Mwongela SM. Metal cations for the determination of fluorescent phosphoinositides by capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3894-901. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mwongela SM, Lee K, Sims CE, Allbritton NL. Separation of fluorescent phosphatidyl inositol phosphates by CE. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1235-42. [PMID: 17366487 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidyl inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidyl inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) labeled with 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionic acid (BODIPY FL) on the acyl chain or a phosphatidyl ethanolamine head group were separated by CE with LIF detection. Several methods and capillary-coating procedures were tested for the separation of these phosphatidyl inositol phosphates (PIPs) at 20 degrees C. Separation of the PIPs in less than 20 min with excellent resolution was achieved using a buffer containing sodium deoxycholate (SDC), 1-propanol, MgCl2 and the polymer coating reagent, EOTrol LR. The efficiency of the optimized method was as high as 1.3x10(5) plates. The dependence of the separation on the concentration of 1-propanol, SDC, and MgCl2 was determined. The separation of PIP2 and PIP3 was primarily due to differential binding of the lipids to Mg2+ rather than to different solubilities in the micellar phase. The role of the SDC was to prevent adsorption of the hydrophobic lipids to the capillary wall and thus enhance the efficiency. The fluorescent PIPs are of value for both in vitro and in vivo assays of phospholipid metabolism. In particular, the use of these lipids with the optimized capillary-based separation will be of utility for drug screening as well as cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Mwongela
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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10
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McDonald-Marsh T, Carroll CA, Robinson NC, Musatov A. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of cardiolipin extracted from detergent-solubilized mitochondrial electron transfer complexes. Anal Biochem 2006; 359:262-4. [PMID: 17049476 PMCID: PMC2561908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany McDonald-Marsh
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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11
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Mönnig G, Wiekowski J, Kirchhof P, Stypmann J, Plenz G, Fabritz L, Bruns HJ, Eckardt L, Assmann G, Haverkamp W, Breithardt G, Seedorf U. Phytanic acid accumulation is associated with conduction delay and sudden cardiac death in sterol carrier protein-2/sterol carrier protein-x deficient mice. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2005; 15:1310-6. [PMID: 15574183 DOI: 10.1046/j.1540-8167.2004.03679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The sterol carrier protein-2 gene encodes two functionally distinct proteins: sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP2, a peroxisomal lipid carrier) and sterol carrier protein-x (SCPx, a peroxisomal thiolase known as peroxisomal thiolase-2), which is involved in peroxisomal metabolism of bile acids and branched-chain fatty acids. We show in this study that mice deficient in SCP2 and SCPx (SCP2null) develop a cardiac phenotype leading to a high sudden cardiac death rate if mice are maintained on diets enriched for phytol (a metabolic precursor of branched-chain fatty acids). METHODS AND RESULTS In 210 surface and 305 telemetric ECGs recorded in wild-type (C57BL/6; wt; n = 40) and SCP2 null mice (n = 40), no difference was observed at baseline. However, on diet, cycle lengths were prolonged in SCP2 null mice (262.9 +/- 190 vs 146.3 +/- 43 msec), AV conduction was prolonged (58.3 +/- 17 vs 42.6 +/- 4 ms), and QRS complexes were wider (19.1 +/- 5 vs 14.0 +/- 4 ms). In 11 gene-targeted Langendorff-perfused hearts isolated from SCP2 null mice after dietary challenge, complete AV blocks (n = 5/11) or impaired AV conduction (Wenckebach point 132 +/- 27 vs 92 +/- 10 msec; P < 0.05) could be confirmed. Monophasic action potentials were not different between the two genotypes. Left ventricular function studied by echocardiography was similar in both strains. Phytanic acid but not pristanic acid accumulated in the phospholipid fraction of myocardial membranes isolated from SCP2 null mice. CONCLUSION Accumulation of phytanic acid in myocardial phospholipid membranes is associated with bradycardia and impaired AV nodal and intraventricular impulse conduction, which could provide an explanation for sudden cardiac death in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerold Mönnig
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Fobker M, Voss R, Reinecke H, Crone C, Assmann G, Walter M. Accumulation of cardiolipin and lysocardiolipin in fibroblasts from Tangier disease subjects. FEBS Lett 2001; 500:157-62. [PMID: 11445077 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tangier disease (TD) is an inherited disorder of lipid metabolism characterized by very low high density lipoprotein (HDL) plasma levels, cellular cholesteryl ester accumulation and reduced cholesterol excretion in response to HDL apolipoproteins. Molecular defects in the ATP binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) have recently been identified as the cause of TD. ABCA1 plays a key role in the translocation of cholesterol across the plasma membrane, and defective ABCA1 causes cholesterol storage in TD cells. Not only cholesterol efflux, but also phospholipid efflux was shown to be impaired in TD cells. By use of thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, we characterized the cellular phospholipid content in fibroblasts from three homozygous TD patients. The cellular content of the major phospholipids was not found to be significantly altered in TD fibroblasts. However, the two phospholipids cardiolipin and lysocardiolipin, which make up minute amounts in normal cells, were at least 3-5-fold enriched in fibroblasts from TD subjects. A structurally closely related phospholipid (lysobisphosphatidic acid) has recently been shown to be enriched in Niemann-Pick type C, another lipid storage disorder. Altogether these data may indicate that the role of these phospholipids is a regulatory one rather than that of a bulk mediator of cholesterol solubilization in sterol trafficking and efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fobker
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Universität Münster, Germany
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Krylov SN, Hu S, Dovichi NJ. Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin modified micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence for separation and detection of phospholipids. J Chromatogr A 2000; 894:129-34. [PMID: 11100855 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) with laser-induced fluorescence detection was applied to the separation of amino group-containing phospholipids including phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE), and lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS). A fluorogenic dye, 3-(2-furoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (FQ), was successfully used to fluorescently label these phospholipids. 4-Fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazan only produced fluorescent product from LysoPE and PE; signals were not observed from LysoPS and PS. A borax buffer containing sodium deoxycholate modified with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (methyl-beta-CD) was an excellent MECC system for these phospholipids. Under the optimum conditions, four FQ-labeled phospholipid classes were separated within 8 min. Moreover, each of the PE, PS, LysoPE and LysoPS peaks split into two components corresponding to subclasses with different lengths of the fatty acid chains, but these subclasses were completely resolved only for LysoPE. Detection limits ranged from 0.18 to 1.1 fg (10(-9) - 10(-10) M), which was four- to five-orders of magnitude superior to previously reported CE methods.
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14
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Rodriguez A, Sarda P, Boulot P, Leger CL, Descomps B. Differential effect of N-ethyl maleimide on delta6-desaturase activity in human fetal liver toward fatty acids of the n-6 and n-3 series. Lipids 1999; 34:23-30. [PMID: 10188593 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-999-333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of N-ethyl-maleimide (NEM) on delta5- and delta6-desaturase activities and the incorporation of substrates and products into different microsomal lipid classes and phospholipid (PL) subclasses were studied in human fetal liver microsomes, obtained after legally approved therapeutic abortion. Desaturase activities were measured by a radiochemical method using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After nonphospholipid (NPL) and PL separation on silica cartridges, the radioactivity in different lipids of the NPL group was assessed by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, and their fatty acid (FA) composition by gas-liquid chromatography. The PL subclasses were separated, and the distribution of radioactivity between products and substrates was determined in PL subclasses. NEM inhibited the delta5- and delta6-desaturase activities in the n-6 series of FA but not the delta6-desaturase activity in the n-3 series, which suggests the existence of two distinct delta6-desaturases, one for the n-6 series and another for the n-3 series. Whether NEM was present or absent, most of the radioactivity was recovered in the free FA form (about 80%). The desaturation products, obtained in the presence or absence of NEM, were preferentially incorporated into PL, suggesting a channeling of the newly synthesized FA toward microsomal PL. The comparison of the distribution of substrates and products incorporated into the different PL classes showed that most of the labeled FA were incorporated into phosphatidylcholine and to a lesser degree into phosphatidylethanolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rodriguez
- Laboratoire Biologie et Biochimie des Lipides EA DRED 2033, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Biologie Boulevard Henri IV, Montpellier, France
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15
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Camiña JP, Casabiell XA, Pérez FR, Lage M, Casanueva FF. Isolation of a bioactive Ca(2+)-mobilizing complex lipid from bovine vitreous body. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 244:696-700. [PMID: 9535727 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitreous body extracts show a potent Ca(2+)-mobilizing activity on fibroblast cells. This Ca2+ signal is complex, and due to the presence of two different bioactive substances. The first one was identified as acid FGF. The second one was shown to be a low molecular weight substance identified as a complex lipid by a combination of chromatographic and biochemical data. This finding raises the possibility that non-classical substances with growth factor-like activity might play a role in the regulation of proliferative processes in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Camiña
- Department of Medicine, Compostela University School of Medicine, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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16
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Schneider R, Massow M, Lisowsky T, Weiss H. Different respiratory-defective phenotypes of Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae after inactivation of the gene encoding the mitochondrial acyl carrier protein. Curr Genet 1995; 29:10-7. [PMID: 8595652 DOI: 10.1007/bf00313188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear genes (acp-1, ACP1) encoding the mitochondrial acyl carrier protein were disrupted in Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In n. crassa acp-1 is a peripheral subunit of the respiratory NADH : ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). S. cerevisiae lacks complex I and its ACP1 appears to be located in the mitochondrial matrix. The loss of acp-1 in N. crassa causes two biochemical lesions. Firstly, the peripheral part of complex I is not assembled, and the membrane part is not properly assembled. The respiratory ubiquinol : cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) are made in normal amounts. Secondly, the lysophospholipid content of mitochondrial membranes is increased four-fold. In S. cerevisiae, the loss of ACP1 leads to a pleiotropic respiratory deficient phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schneider
- Institut für Biochemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Bünger H, Pison U. Quantitative analysis of pulmonary surfactant phospholipids by high-performance liquid chromatography and light-scattering detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 672:25-31. [PMID: 8590934 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00190-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
An improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation and quantitation of nine phospholipid classes is described. It is based on normal-phase chromatography with silica gel as stationary phase and a binary gradient with mixtures of chloroform, methanol and water as mobile phase. The response of the evaporative light-scattering detector was non-linear. Peak areas were proportional to the power 1.7 of the masses. Phospholipids in lung lavage samples were enriched by liquid extraction prior to HPLC analysis. The described method is a rapid and accurate procedure for the quantitative analysis of phospholipid classes in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bünger
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Rudolf Virchow, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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18
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Bruch J, Gono E, Malkusch W, Rehn B. Improved method for quantitative analysis of lung surfactant phospholipids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography. Clin Chim Acta 1994; 231:193-204. [PMID: 7889601 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(94)90203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Bruch
- Institute for Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, University of Essen, Germany
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19
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Caboni MF, Menotta S, Lercker G. High-performance liquid chromatography separation and light-scattering detection of phospholipids from cooked beef. J Chromatogr A 1994; 683:59-65. [PMID: 7952015 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(94)89102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the separation and quantitative analysis of major phospholipids (PLs) in biological systems is described. PLs were purified by solid-phase extraction with an amino (NH2) phase. Separation of PLs was carried out on an HPLC silica gel column, with a mobile phase consisting of chloroform, methanol and ammonium hydroxide, and detection was performed with a light-scattering evaporative detector. HPLC analysis of PLs extracted from ground beef cooked under different conditions and capillary gas chromatography of the fatty acid methyl esters showed that cooking treatments did not have a significant effect on the PL composition and fatty acid contents of the single PLs in ground beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Caboni
- Istituto di Industrie Agrarie, Università di Bologna, Italy
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20
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Abidi SL, Mounts TL, Rennick KA. Separations of Major Soybean Phospholipids on β-Cyclodextrinbonded Silica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079408013987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Jansen GJ, Pritzker CR, Deykin D. Porcine aortic endothelial cell membranes contain a LPAF: CoA-independent transacylase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1145:113-8. [PMID: 8422403 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(93)90387-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Membranes isolated from porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) contain a CoA-independent transacylase enzyme (CoA-IT). CoA-IT, an integral membrane protein, transfers an acyl moiety to added [3H]alkylhydroxyglycerophosphocholine (LPAF) to generate [3H]alkylacylglycerophosphocholine (alkylacyl-GPC). This enzyme exhibits an apparent Km of 0.7 microM and a Vmax of 0.8 nmol/min per mg for the transfer of an acyl group to added [3H]LPAF. The addition of the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 (TX-100) (0.5 mg/ml), the sulfhydryl reagents N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) (200 microM) or thimerosal (200 microM), or pre-incubating the membranes at 95 degrees C for 10 min all decreased LPAF: CoA-IT activity by more than 95%. The inhibitory action of NEM or thimerosal suggests that sulfhydryl group(s) are involved in or are close to the catalytic site of LPAF: CoA-IT.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Jansen
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
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22
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Van der Meeren P, Vanderdeelen J, Huyghebaert G, Baert L. Partial resolution of molecular species during liquid chromatography of soybean phospholipids and effect on quantitation by light-scattering. Chromatographia 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02269863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Kropp J, Ambrose KR, Knapp FF, Nissen HP, Biersack HJ. Incorporation of radioiodinated IPPA and BMIPP fatty acid analogues into complex lipids from isolated rat hearts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION APPLICATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION. PART B, NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1992; 19:283-8. [PMID: 1629017 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2897(92)90112-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heart lipids were extracted by the Folch technique from Langendorff-perfused rat hearts after administration of 15-(p-[131I]iodophenyl)pentadecanoic acid and 15-(p-[125I]iodophenyl)-3-R,S-methylpentadecanoic acid. Techniques utilizing successive high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analyses have been developed for the evaluation of the uptake of the tracers into neutral lipids and phospholipids of the rat hearts. Phospholipids were separated on a SiO2 column eluted with a gradient of acetonitrile/water (97.5/2.5) and acetonitrile/water (85/15) followed by separation of the neutral lipids on a C-18 reversed phase column with a gradient consisting of acetonitrile and 2-propanol/hexane (60/40) containing 1 N H2SO4 (5 microL/100 mL). Both tracers show the incorporation into the expected major lipid classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kropp
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and University of Bonn, Germany
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24
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25
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Böswart J, Kostiuk P, Vymlátil J, Schmidt T, Pacáková V, Stulík K. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of cholesteryl esters in the blood of obese children. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1991; 571:19-28. [PMID: 1810948 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80430-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The serum of obese children and adolescents was analyzed for cholesteryl esters. The test substances were first separated from the sample matrix by solvent extraction and thin-layer chromatography and then resolved in a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic system involving a Separon SGX C18 column and a mobile phase of 2-propanol-acetonitrile (40:60, v/v), with ultraviolet detection at 206 nm. Cholesterol and 10-cholesteryl esters could be separated and determined within ca. 25 min at a flow-rate of 1 ml/min. The method was applied to a study of the effect of external conditions (physical stress, diet) on the content of cholesteryl esters in a test group of obese boys and girls aged from 13 to 16 years. The analyses have demonstrated that the above conditions do not affect the concentrations of the individual cholesteryl esters, although the total cholesterol concentration decreased significantly after spa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Böswart
- Laboratory for Functional Diagnostics in Childhood and Adolescence, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechoslovakia
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26
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Redden PR, Huang YS. Automated separation and quantitation of lipid fractions by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1991; 567:21-7. [PMID: 1918247 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80305-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This report describes an improved separation and quantitation of lipid fractions in a total lipid extract by high-performance liquid chromatography using a modified solvent and gradient system delivered by dual pumps and incorporating a mass detector and autosampler. The detector responses for various lipid fractions (cholesteryl esters, triacylglycerols, free cholesterol, and seven major phospholipid classes) were fitted to a quadratic equation, y = ax2 + bx + c, and quantified after detector calibration by a computer. This new system has the advantage of automation and reproducible separation. The present method was applied to rat liver analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Redden
- Efamol Research Institute, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada
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27
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Abstract
Fluorescence digital imaging microscopy was used to study the lateral distribution of the lipid components in erythrocyte membranes. Intact erythrocytes labeled with phospholipids containing a fluorophore attached to one fatty acid chain showed an uneven distribution of the phospholipids in the membrane thereby demonstrating the presence of membrane domains. The enrichment of the lipotropic compound chlor-promazine in domains in intact erythrocytes also suggested that the domains are lipid-enriched regions. Similar membrane domains were present in erythrocyte ghosts. The phospholipid enrichment was increased in the domains by inducing membrane protein aggregation. Double-labeling experiments were done to determine the relative distributions of different phospholipids in the membrane. Vesicles made from extracted lipids did not show the presence of domains consistent with the conclusion that membrane proteins were responsible for creating the domains. Overall, it was found that large domains exist in the red blood cell membrane with unequal enrichment of the different phospholipid species.
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28
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Nissen HP, Kreysel HW. The use of HPLC for the determination of lipids in biological materials. Chromatographia 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02269744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Juanéda P, Rocquelin G, Astorg PO. Separation and quantification of heart and liver phospholipid classes by high-performance liquid chromatography using a new light-scattering detector. Lipids 1990; 25:756-9. [PMID: 2280681 DOI: 10.1007/bf02544047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a one-step separation of rat tissue phospholipid classes by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a silica column and a new light-scattering detector (LSD). Complete separation of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and lysophosphatidylcholine was obtained. Direct quantification was achieved after detector calibration for each phospholipid class. The detector response was shown to be linear within the ranges used. The LSD results agreed well with those obtained by phospholipid phosphorus assay. The present method was applied to rat heart and rat liver phospholipid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Juanéda
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station de Recherches sur la Qualité des Aliments de l'Homme, Dijon, France
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30
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Breton L, Serkiz B, Volland JP, Lepagnol J. A new rapid method for phospholipid separation by high-performance liquid chromatography with light-scattering detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1989; 497:243-9. [PMID: 2625461 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(89)80024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Breton
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
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31
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Nissen HP, Kreysel HW. HPLC-methods in the clinical-chemical laboratory of the department of dermatology of the University of Bonn. Chromatographia 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02290383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Seewald M, Eichinger HM. Separation of major phospholipid classes by high-performance liquid chromatography and subsequent analysis of phospholipid-bound fatty acids using gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1989; 469:271-80. [PMID: 2768372 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)96462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation of major phospholipid (PL) classes in biological materials is described. Using this method it was easy to separate P-cholin, P-ethanolamine, P-serine, P-inositol, cardiolipin, sphingomyelin, lyso-P-choline and lyso-P-ethanolamine from skeletal and cardiac muscle samples. The method is based on the simultaneous use of a pH gradient and a polarity gradient. This procedure can easily be modified to optimize the separation of PLs from very different tissues. Subsequent analysis of the PL-bound fatty acids (FAs) by gas chromatography resulted in a well separated FA pattern. Following this FA separation it was possible to recalculate the specific PL content in the original sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seewald
- Versuchsstation Thalhausen, Lehrstuhl für Tierzucht der Technischen Universität München, F.R.G
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33
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Determination of phosphatidylcholine and disaturated phosphatidylcholine content in lung surfactant by high performance liquid chromatography. J Lipid Res 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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34
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Řezanka T, Podojil M. Preparative separation of algal polar lipids and of individual molecular species by high-performance liquid chromatography and their identification by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)84492-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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35
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Li WY, Tang L, Zhou Q, Qin M, Hu TS. Attenuation of phosphoinositidase activity and phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate level of bovine retinal capillary pericytes in high glucose. Exp Eye Res 1989; 48:99-106. [PMID: 2537745 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4835(89)90023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Both phosphoinositidase (PIase) and individual species of inositol phospholipid (IPL) of bovine retinal capillary pericytes (BRCP) were quantitatively determined. When glucose in growth medium was increased from 5- to 15- or 30 mM, PIase activity was attenuated to 82% or 55%, respectively. In contrast, when glucose (5-, 15-, 30 mM) was added to an enzyme extract from cells grown in the standard growth medium (5 mM glucose, 0.04 mM myo-inositol) the PIase activity was not changed, indicating that the reduced PIase activity was not due to the direct effect of glucose. When IPLs from BRCP were analysed by HPLC and TLC, we observed reduction of the total and newly formed IPLs including the substrate of PIase. Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2). Reduced levels of IPLs were associated with a decrease in myo-inositol and an increase in sorbitol. The changes in IPL metabolism were reversed by adding either free myo-inositol or AL1576, an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI), to the high-glucose medium. However, the addition of myo-inositol to the growth medium with a standard concentration of glucose only caused a marked increase in phosphatidylinositol, but not in PIP or PIP2, while the supplement of AL1576 in the standard medium did not cause any changes in IPL formation. These findings suggest that the alteration in IPL metabolism in BRCP may be related to insufficient myo-inositol or activated sorbitol pathway under high-glucose conditions. Further explanation of the role of the altered hydrolysis of PIP2 triggered by PIase may provide clues to understanding of the mechanism of decreased pericyte viability in the presence of high glucose concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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36
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Caccialanza G, Gandini C, Kitsos M, Massolini G. Liquid chromatographic analysis of phospholipids in washings from rabbit eustachian tube: dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine content. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1989; 7:1931-5. [PMID: 2490586 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(89)80217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Caccialanza
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Italy
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Furlong ST, Caulfield JP. Schistosoma mansoni: sterol and phospholipid composition of cercariae, schistosomula, and adults. Exp Parasitol 1988; 65:222-31. [PMID: 3350102 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(88)90126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The sterol and phospholipid composition of cercariae, schistosomula, and adult Schistosoma mansoni was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cercariae and schistosomula contained cholesterol, desmosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and beta-sitosterol while adults contained only cholesterol. In all stages cholesterol comprised greater than 50% of the total sterols, and in cercariae and schistosomula desmosterol comprised 38 and 21% of the total sterols, respectively. The other three sterols, campesterol, stigmasterol, and beta-sitosterol, made up approximately 10% of the total. The same five sterols found in cercariae and schistosomula were present in the hepatopancreas of uninfected snails but with a much higher desmosterol concentration in the parasite, 38%, than in the snail, 2%. As in cercariae and schistosomula the three minor sterols comprised approximately 10%. Thus, the sterol composition of cercariae and schistosomula was similar but not identical to that of the snail host. Phosphatidylcholine was the major phospholipid of all three stages (50%) as determined by two HPLC procedures. The remaining phospholipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol. In addition, in adults there were small quantities of sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine. The percentage of each phospholipid was similar among stages with the exception of a slight increase in phosphatidylserine in adults compared to cercariae and schistosomula. These results show that a characteristic lipid composition is found in cercariae, schistosomula, and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Furlong
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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39
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Alvarez JG, Zurier RB, Storey BT, Bomalski JS, Touchstone JC. Chromatographic Analysis of Phospholipids during Monocyte Maturation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918809349948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Der Meeren PV, Vanderdeelen J, Huys M, Baert L. Simple and rapid method for high-performance liquid chromatographic separation and quantification of soybean phospholipids. J Chromatogr A 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(88)90058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Gey M. Characterization of biotechnological processes and products using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). I. Separations of carbohydrates, organic acids and lipids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/abio.370080216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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42
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43
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Bahrami S, Gasser H, Redl H. A preparative high performance liquid chromatography method for separation of lecithin: comparison to thin-layer chromatography. J Lipid Res 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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44
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Longworth DL, King DC, Weller PF. Rapid uptake and esterification of arachidonic acid and other fatty acids by microfilariae of Brugia malayi. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1987; 23:275-84. [PMID: 3110617 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(87)90034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the differential incorporation and esterification of exogenous fatty acids by microfilariae of the human filarial parasite Brugia malayi. Microfilariae incubated with 2 nM [3H]arachidonic acid over 1 h rapidly took up this fatty acid. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were also incorporated by parasites. In contrast to these other fatty acids, little incorporated arachidonic acid remained as free fatty acid within microfilariae. Arachidonate was rapidly esterified into phospholipids, with 66% of incorporated arachidonate esterified into phospholipids at 1 min. Esterification of other fatty acids into phospholipids was quantitatively lesser and occurred into phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Arachidonate was preferentially esterified into phosphatidylinositol, which constituted only 10% of the total parasite phospholipid pool, and into phosphatidylcholine. By 1 min these two phospholipid classes, respectively, comprised 53% and 43% of [3H]arachidonyl-phospholipids. Neither the microfilarial incorporation of arachidonate nor its esterification into parasite phospholipids could be saturated by noncytotoxic concentrations of up to 600 microM. Microfilariae, which in vivo are exposed to arachidonate in blood, can rapidly, avidly and with high capacity incorporate exogenous arachidonate and esterify it preferentially into specific classes of phospholipids, including phosphatidylinositol. Like many mammalian cells, these phylogenetically distinct metazoan parasites possess efficient means for utilizing host-derived arachidonic acid.
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Abstract
Many tissues, cells and body fluids possess characteristic lipid composition that can be readily recognized without full resolution and quantitation of individual molecular species. Various chromatographic methods have been adopted for this purpose and are extensively employed in biomedical research. Although lipid profiles are known to change with disease and lipid profiling holds considerable potential for clinical diagnosis, few routines have been established for this purpose. This is partly due to the laborious nature of the simpler methods and the high cost of automated systems. A combination of thin-layer or liquid chromatography with universal detection systems promises to provide more attractive analytical routines for clinical application in the future. At present thin-layer chromatography is the simplest and most rapid qualitative assay for both neutral and polar lipids. Low-temperature gas chromatography is still the method of choice for fatty acid analyses, while high-temperature gas chromatography is eminently suited for quantitative analysis of intact neutral lipids. The availability of the flame ionization and mass detectors now makes high-performance liquid chromatography more useful for profiling both neutral and polar lipids. Combinations of gas or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry must remain of specialized interest only because of the prohibitive costs of operation.
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46
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Pison U, Gono E, Joka T, Obertacke U, Obladen M. High-performance liquid chromatography of adult human bronchoalveolar lavage: assay for phospholipid lung profile. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1986; 377:79-89. [PMID: 3711247 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)80763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography has been used to separate pulmonary phospholipids from adult human bronchoalveolar lavage. A solvent system consisting of acetonitrile-water (80:20) as solvent A and pure acetonitrile as solvent B was used with a silica column (Bio-Sil HP 10) coupled to an Si-100 Polyol precolumn. A linear gradient from 87.5 to 25% of solvent B was found to separate all biologically relevant surfactant phospholipids in the following sequence and composition: phosphatidic acid (1.1%), phosphatidylglycerol (10.6%), phosphatidylinositol (9.9%), phosphatidylethanolamine (3.6%), phosphatidylserine (4.5%), phosphatidylcholine (60.8%), sphingomyelin (8.1%) and lysophosphatidylcholine (1.6%). These results were very similar to the phospholipid pattern obtained by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. It is concluded that high-performance liquid chromatography is a useful and rapid method for the separation of phospholipids in biological fluids containing pulmonary surfactant.
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47
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Juanéda P, Rocquelin G. Complete separation of phospholipids from human heart combining two HPLC methods. Lipids 1986; 21:239-40. [PMID: 3702616 DOI: 10.1007/bf02534829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The separation of phospholipid classes from human heart was achieved in two steps by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a silica column with an ultraviolet spectromonitor at 206 nm. A complete partitioning of phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), phosphatidylinositols (PI), phosphatidylserines (PS), cardiolipins (CL), lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC) and sphingomyelins (Sph) was obtained for further analysis.
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Touchstone JC, Alvarez JG, Levin SS, Storey BT. Evidence for diplasmalogen as the major component of rabbit sperm phosphatidylethanolamine. Lipids 1985; 20:869-75. [PMID: 4094518 DOI: 10.1007/bf02534770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The question of whether diplasmalogens [1,2-di(O-1'-alkenyl) phosphatidyl derivatives] make up part of the plasmalogen component of cell phospholipids was examined using rabbit epididymal spermatozoa. These cells are readily obtained as a highly homogeneous suspension and long have been known to have high plasmalogen content. Phospholipids were determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) with CuSO4 staining. Plasmalogens were determined by hydrolysis of the phospholipids with TCA/HCl, followed by TLC and CuSO4 staining. Ethanolamine derivatives were determined by ninhydrin. The phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) content of these cells was 29 +/- 2 micrograms/10(8) cells, 90% of which was assayed as diplasmalogen and 10% as diacyl PE. No monoplasmalogen could be detected. The presence of diplasmalogen as the major component of PE was given further support from infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, which showed the presence of O-1'-alkenyl substituents but near absence of O-acyl substituents. The phosphatidylcholine (PC) content of the cells was 104 +/- 5 mu/10(8) cells, of which 50% was monoplasmalogen with the 1'-alkenyl group on the 2 position of the glycerol moiety. No diplasmalogen was found in PC. The other phospholipids in rabbit sperm were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), cardiolipin (CL), sphingomyelin (SP) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) were present at the limits of detectability of the TLC method. None of these phospholipids contained plasmalogen. The PE component of rabbit sperm phospholipids appears to differ from that of the other cells in having the previously unreported diplasmalogen as its major constituent.
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Nissen HP, Kreysel HW. Beziehung zwischen Phospholipiden und Motilität menschlicher Spermatozoen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/lipi.19850871316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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