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Olabi M, Wätzig H. Quantitation of native and forced degraded collagens by capillary zone electrophoresis: Method development and validation. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300516. [PMID: 37884462 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A new capillary zone electrophoresis method for collagen quantitation was developed and validated according to the International Council for Harmonization guideline Q2 (R1). The Sircol collagen assay and ultraviolet spectrometry were employed as reference methods. Capillary zone electrophoresis enables specific, simple, and fast determination within 9 min. It is less user-dependent and more automated than the Sircol collagen assay. With a limit of detection of 18.0 μg/mL, the new method is less sensitive than the Sircol collagen assay, which has a limit of detection of 6.5 μg/mL. Nonetheless, capillary zone electrophoresis covers a wider linearity range (50-400 μg/mL) compared to the Sircol collagen assay (5-80 μg/mL), with similar precision. Additional advantages of capillary zone electrophoresis are the ability to gain information on collagen integrity and to simultaneously determine native and denatured collagens. This approach represents a modern and legitimate alternative to the Sircol collagen assay. The developed method has been successfully applied to the study of three collagen products and samples from forced degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mais Olabi
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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2
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Prajatelistia E, Lim C, Oh DX, Jun SH, Hwang DS. Chitosan and hydroxyapatite composite cross-linked by dopamine has improved anisotropic hydroxyapatite growth and wet mechanical properties. Eng Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ekavianty Prajatelistia
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Korea
| | - Chanoong Lim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Korea
| | - Dongyeop X. Oh
- POSTECH Ocean Science and Technology Institute; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Korea
| | - Sang Ho Jun
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Department of Dentistry; Korea University Anam Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Korea
- POSTECH Ocean Science and Technology Institute; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Korea
- Integrative Bioscience and Bioengineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Korea
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Korea
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Liu T, Zhanga G, Li S, Wang Y, Ma G, Su Z. Analysis of gelatin plasma substitutes in blood based on detection of hydroxyproline derivatives. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, BLOOD SUBSTITUTES, AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 39:19-25. [PMID: 20586664 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2010.494582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The gelatin plasma substitute is often polydisperse and heterogenous, making it difficult to determine the elimination rate and half-life in the body. In this study, one method was developed based on quantitative determination of hydroxyproline derivatives. Two plasma substitutes were prepared by succinylation and genipin-crosslinking, respectively. After transfusion, the blood samples were hydrolyzed and derivatized, and then analyzed by HPLC. A two-phase exponential association equation was used for fitting the time-concentration curves. The results indicated that this method could be used for quantitative determination of gelatin in blood, and the pharmacokinetic parameters such as elimination rate and half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Pataridis S, Eckhardt A, Mikulíková K, Sedláková P, Miksík I. Identification of collagen types in tissues using HPLC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2009; 31:3483-8. [PMID: 18837476 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A method for the determination and quantification of collagen types I-V in rat tissues has been developed. This method is based on collagen fragmentation by cyanogen bromide followed by trypsin digestion. After that, HPLC-MS/MS (HPLC coupled to an IT mass spectrometer) analyses of the resulting peptide mixtures (peptide maps) were performed. Specific peptides for each collagen type were selected. According to online databases, these peptides are present in human, bovine, and rat collagens. As a result, this method can be potentially applied to other species' tissues as well, such as human tissues, and provides a universal and simple method of quantifying collagen types. The applicability of this method for analyzing collagen types was demonstrated on rat tissues (skin, tendon, and aorta).
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Affiliation(s)
- Statis Pataridis
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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5
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Miksík I, Sedláková P, Mikulíková K, Eckhardt A. Capillary electromigration methods for the study of collagen. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 841:3-13. [PMID: 16546457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2005] [Revised: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This review paper gives an overview of capillary electromigration methods used in the analysis of collagen. Analyses of the parent chains as well as of the bromcyane and collagenase fragments of collagens are presented. Methods include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography as well as combinations of HPLC and capillary electrophoresis, and capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Miksík
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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6
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Sedlakova P, Svobodova J, Miksik I. Capillary electrophoresis of peptides and proteins with plug of Pluronic gel. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 839:112-7. [PMID: 16740420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Revised: 05/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Electromigration capillary methods are promising techniques in proteomics and they are still under research. We used a partial filling approach, i.e. a combination of gel and non-gel separation mechanisms in a single dimension. We tried using an interesting gel, Pluronic F 127, which can be considered as a surfactant capable of self-association both with isotropic and anisotropic gels. The Pluronic was inserted inside the capillary as a plug at the start of the capillary, and it provided separation at the first time. Separation by this gel was achieved according to molecular weight and/or hydrophobicity. The applicability of this method was demonstrated in the separation of real samples-peptides arising from collagen after CNBr or collagenase cleavage and albumin after trypsin cleavage (peptide mapping). Some peptides and proteins were selectively retained by the Pluronic gel. These interactions with the gel did not depended on their molecular weight alone, but they probably depend on a combination of both principles. It was confirmed that capillary electrophoresis with Pluronic plug can give us another new separation option, complementary to free solution capillary electrophoresis. The CE method presented here, consisting of a partial filling approach with combine gel and non-gel separation mechanisms seemed to be a promising method for the separation of complex mixtures of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sedlakova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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7
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Visser NFC, Lingeman H, Irth H. Sample preparation for peptides and proteins in biological matrices prior to liquid chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:535-58. [PMID: 15834556 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2004] [Revised: 01/17/2005] [Accepted: 01/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The determination of peptides and proteins in a biological matrix normally includes a sample-preparation step to obtain a sample that can be injected into a separation system in such a way that peptides and proteins of interest can be determined qualitatively and/or quantitatively. This can be a rather challenging, labourious and/or time-consuming process. The extract obtained after sample preparation is further separated using a compatible separation system. Liquid chromatography (LC) is the generally applied technique for this purpose, but capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is an alternative, providing fast, versatile and efficient separations. In this review, the recent developments in the combination of sample-preparation procedures with LC and CZE, for the determination of peptides and proteins, will be discussed. Emphasis will be on purification from and determination in complex biological matrices (plasma, cell lysates, etc.) of these compounds and little attention will be paid to the proteomics area. Additional focus will be put on sample-preparation conditions, which can be 'hard' or 'soft', and on selectivity issues. Selectivity issues will be addressed in combination with the used separation technique and a comparison between LC and CZE will be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F C Visser
- Faculty of Sciences, Division of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhang J, Wei HP, Quek CH, Chia SM, Yu H. Quantitative measurement of collagen methylation by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2004; 25:3416-21. [PMID: 15490447 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200406071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Collagen methylation has been exploited in various applications involving living cells. We have observed correlation between the collagen methylation with the rate of cell proliferation in three-dimensional (3-D) microenvironment. To quantify the degree of collagen methylation, we have developed a capillary zone electrophoresis method. Using a polyvinyl alcohol-coated fused-silica capillary and UV detection at 200 nm, we have optimized pH and separated the native collagen into three major bands in phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 2.5) with 0.05% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Under these conditions, the methylated collagens were separated into four major bands, which changed with different methylation reaction conditions. We propose an index to quantify the degree of collagen methylation that also correlates with their effects on cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore
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Kuhn K, Thompson A, Prinz T, Müller J, Baumann C, Schmidt G, Neumann T, Hamon C. Isolation of N-terminal protein sequence tags from cyanogen bromide cleaved proteins as a novel approach to investigate hydrophobic proteins. J Proteome Res 2004; 2:598-609. [PMID: 14692453 DOI: 10.1021/pr034026b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the isolation of protein sequence tags to identify proteins in a complex mixture of hydrophobic proteins is described. The PST (Protein Sequence Tag) technology deals with the isolation and MS/MS based identification of one N-terminal peptide from each polypeptide fragment generated by cyanogen bromide cleavage of a mixture of proteins. PST sampling takes place after sub-cellular fractionation of a complex protein mixture to give enrichment of mitochondrial proteins. The method presented here combines effective sample preparation with a novel peptide isolation protocol involving chemical and enzymatic cleavage of proteins coupled to chemical labeling and selective capture procedures. The overall process has been very successful for the analysis of complex mixtures of hydrophobic proteins, particularly membrane proteins. This method substantially reduces the complexity of a protein digest by "sampling" the peptides present in the digest. The sampled digest is amenable to analysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods of "sampling" protein digests have great value' if they can provide sufficient information to identify substantially all of the proteins in the sample while reducing the complexity of the sample to maximize the efficient usage of LC-MS/MS capacity. The validity of the process is demonstrated for mitochondrial samples from S. cerevisiae. The proteins identified by the PST technology are compared to the proteins identified by the conventional technology 2-D gel electrophoresis as a control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Kuhn
- Xzillion GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Building G865a, 65929 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Deyl Z, Miksík I. Comparison of different electrokinetic separation modes applicable to a model peptide mixture (collagen type I and III CNBr fragments). JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 745:251-60. [PMID: 10997720 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A number of electromigration separation modes were applied to the separation of CNBr-released peptides from rat tail tendon collagen (microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography, methanol- or ethanol-modified background electrolytes and the separation in the presence of molecular sieving effect exerting polymer, both in the presence and absence of SDS). Electrodriven separations with a Hypersil C8 packed capillary were investigated as well. The best separations were obtained with either the molecular sieving effect exerting polymer (polyethylene oxide) in the background electrolyte (whether SDS was present or absent) or with the electrodriven chromatography using the C8 reversed-phase packed capillary. In the latter separation system, it was possible to separate 25-27 peaks of the theoretically expected 24 peptides in the analyzed mixture of which 17 were at least tentatively identified. The additional peaks apparently stem from the incomplete cleavage of the parent collagen alpha chains. Successful separations can be done either with predominating molecular sieving or hydrophobic partitioning mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Deyl
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague.
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11
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Miksík I, Deyl Z, Kasicka V. Capillary electrophoretic separation of proteins and peptides using Pluronic liquid crystals and surface-modified capillaries. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 741:37-42. [PMID: 10839130 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Separation of model mixtures of peptides/proteins carried out in a hydrophilically coated capillary in 10 mmol/l Tris and 75 mmol/l phosphate buffer containing 7.5% (w/w) Pluronic F127 copolymer (apparent pH 2.9) revealed that the separation is predominantly driven by the charge/mass ratio with little or no sieving effect. Using a coated capillary helped to remove current fluctuations that are observed in the fused-silica capillaries in the presence of the Pluronic copolymer. With peptides bearing distinct positive charge (polylysine of Mr around 3300) molecular sieving helps more detailed separation of individual species. Polyamino acids carrying negative charge can be brought to the detector window in the reversed polarity mode, however, no detailed separation of the individual species involved was observed under the conditions used. With a naturally occurring mixture of collagen fragments released by CNBr treatment of the protein the sequence of emerging peptides (positive polarity mode) with no relation to the rel. mol. mass could be revealed. It is concluded that separation of proteins/peptides in the presence of Pluronic in the background electrolyte occur on the charge/mass ratio basis with molecular sieving effects acting as a secondary partition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Miksík
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague.
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12
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Miksik I, Deyl Z. Application of Pluronic copolymer liquid crystals for the capillary electrophoretic separation of collagen type I cyanogen bromide fragments. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 739:109-16. [PMID: 10744319 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoretic method exploiting the properties of Pluronic copolymer liquid crystals (F127) was developed for the separation of collagen cyanogen bromide (CNBr) fragments. The separations obtained were at least comparable (if not better) to those obtained by other methods applicable to this category of compounds. In the optimized version a bare silica capillary [47 cm (40 cm to the detector) x 75 microm I.D.] was used with 10 mM Tris and 75 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) containing 7.5% Pluronic F127 copolymer. The separation mechanism which involves both the molecular sieving and surfactant properties of the Pluronic F127 gel phase is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Miksik
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague.
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13
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Deyl Z, Miksík I. Advanced separation methods for collagen parent alpha-chains, their polymers and fragments. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 739:3-31. [PMID: 10744310 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Current techniques used for collagen alpha-chains and their CNBr fragments are reviewed. Ion exchange, gel permeation, reversed-phase and affinity chromatography are discussed mainly from the preparative aspects as these are both the techniques of choice to remove biological matrix contaminants always present in collagen preparations and techniques routinely used for preparative purposes. Among electromigration procedures gel electrophoresis is widely used both for intact collagen alpha-chains and their fragments. Recently this technique was applied also for miniaturised preparations. Immunoblotting techniques serve more specific detection of otherwise hard to distinguish different collagen polypeptide chains. Capillary electromigration techniques brought recently new aspects of understanding the behaviour of collagen proteins upon different separation modes and seem to represent a smart perspective for better quantitation of individual collagen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Deyl
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague.
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Deyl Z, Miksík I, Zicha J. Multicomponent analysis by off-line combination of synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis of collagen glycation adducts. J Chromatogr A 1999; 836:161-71. [PMID: 10220912 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis separation and synchronous fluorescence spectral detection was used off-line to reveal the nature of fluorescent adducts formed in vivo in the collagen molecule and their distribution in the molecule. It was shown that by using the delta lamda in the area of the Stokes shift for the analyzed entities (approximately 10 nm for pentosidine, 4,5(E)-epoxy-2(E)-heptenal and 4,5(E)-epoxy-2(E)-decenal lysine adducts) a distinct profile of spectral bands can be obtained allowing for differentiation of the several entities involved. In combination with capillary electrophoretic separation of the CNBr peptides the location of individual adducts was possible: while pentosidine (and, perhaps, pentosidine related compounds K1-K4) is found in the large alpha 1(I)CB6 and alpha 2(I)CB3.5 peptides along with a complete set of the other fluorescent adducts, low-molecular-mass peptides originating from the terminal region of the molecule are devoid of any fluorescence. All other parts of the molecule possess synchronous fluorescence profiles corresponding to the intact molecule except that they are devoid of pentosidine. The results indicate random distribution of fluorescent adducts in the collagen molecule and, in a broader context, indicate the usefulness of multicomponent analysis by means of combining synchronous luminescence spectra and capillary electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Deyl
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Hamrnı́ková I, Mikšı́k I, Uhrová M, Deyl Z. Ultraviolet detector response of glycine and alanine homopeptides: Some specific features in capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Campbell BG, Wootton JA, MacLeod JN, Minor RR. Sequence of canine COL1A2 cDNA: nucleotide substitutions affecting the cyanogen bromide peptide map of the alpha 2(I) chain. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998; 357:67-75. [PMID: 9721184 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1998.0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The alpha2 chain of canine type I collagen was characterized with both sequence analysis of COL1A2 cDNA and chemical analysis of alpha2(I) chains. The complete sequence of canine COL1A2 cDNA was determined from reverse-transcribed and polymerase chain reaction-amplified total RNA from cultured skin fibroblasts. Pepsin-digested and cyanogen bromide-digested type I collagen peptides were analyzed with chromatography, gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. Identity between the sequences of canine and human COL1A2 cDNA was 90.9%, predicting conservation of the 3 cysteine residues required for C-propeptide registration and of cleavage sites for signal peptidase, procollagen N-proteinase, vertebrate collagenase, and procollagen C-proteinase. Conservation of all 50 lysine residues was also predicted, including preservation of the 1:2 asymmetry in the X:Y distribution of the 31 lysine residues in the alpha2(I) triple helix. The human and canine sequences differed in the location of Y-position proline residues and the presence of two unique canine cyanogen bromide peptides, alpha2 CB3b and alpha2 CB3c,5. Knowledge of the conserved and unique features of canine COL1A2 will be valuable for analysis of the expression, synthesis, and structure of type I collagen as well as studies of canine osteogenesis imperfecta.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Campbell
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
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18
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Miksík I, Deyl Z. Post-translational non-enzymatic modification of proteins. II. Separation of selected protein species after glycation and other carbonyl-mediated modifications. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 699:311-45. [PMID: 9392381 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
There are two strategies applicable to revealing non-enzymatic post-translational modifications of proteins; while assaying of the hydrolytically stable adducts was the subject of our previous communication [1], here we attempted to review separation technologies for the unfragmented modified proteins. There are a few standard procedures used for this purpose, namely Laemmli gel electrophoresis, different modes of gel permeation chromatography and boronate affinity chromatography. The latter approach makes use of the vicinal hydroxy groups present in glycated proteins. Some (but not all) arising adducts exhibit typical fluorescence which can be exploited for detection. In most cases fluorescence is measured at 370/440 nm for the so-called advanced glycation products or at 335/385 nm for the only so far well characterized glycation marker (pentosidine). Some indication exists that, e.g., synchronous fluorescence detection will probably in the future add to the selectivity and allow the distinction of the different adducts arising during non-enzymatic post-translational modifications (glycation). The proteins reviewed are serum albumin, collagen and lens proteins while glycation of hemoglobin is the subject of another review within the present volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Miksík
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague
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