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Islam WU, Khan F, Waqas M, Ullah S, Halim SA, Rehman NU, Khan H, Mahmoud MH, Batiha GES, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. In-vivo anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of natural metabolites from resin of Commiphora mukul and their in-silico to in-vitro target fishing. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115214. [PMID: 37516016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a rapidly spreading global metabolic disorder that has serious social, health, and economic consequences. Herein, we have evaluated in vivo antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of myrrhanone-B and myrrhanol-B (isolated from Commiphora mukul Hook). We observed that treatment with myrrhanone-B and myrrhanol-B at a dose of 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight for 21 days significantly improved body weight loss, water consumption, and the concentration of blood glucose level (BGL) in alloxan (120 mg/kg) induced diabetic mice, which indicates that the compounds possess strong anti-diabetic activities. In the biochemical analysis, these compounds improved an abnormal level of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to a normal level and increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (HDLC). Later, drug target of compounds was predicted through in-silico docking which shows that these compounds nicely fit in the active site of α-glucosidase enzyme and mediates excellent interactions with the catalytic residues, Asp214 and Asp349. The in-silico results were confirmed by in-vitro testing of myrrhanone-B and myrrhanol-B against α-glucosidase where both the compounds exhibited excellent inhibitory potency with IC50 values of 19.50 ± 0.71, and 16.11 ± 0.69 µM, respectively. Furthermore, mechanistic study was conducted to observe their binding mechanism, which reflect that myrrhanol-B has mixed type of inhibition (ki = 12.33 ± 0.030 µM), while myrrhanone-B demonstrates competitive type of inhibition (ki =14.53 ± 0.040 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Faizullah Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Hanif Khan
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Mohamed H Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman.
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Charde V, Jagtap C, Gandhi Y, Verma R, Mishra SK, Kumar V, Acharya R. Combination of high-performance thin-layer chromatography and liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight–tandem mass spectrometry analysis: a promising analytical tool for discrimination between oleo-gum resin of raw and purified Commiphora wightii. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2022. [PMCID: PMC9464467 DOI: 10.1007/s00764-022-00197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Charde
- Department of Ayurveda, Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003 India
| | - Chandrashekar Jagtap
- Department of Ayurveda, Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003 India
| | - Yashika Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003 India
| | - Ravi Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003 India
| | - Sujeet K. Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003 India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003 India
| | - Rabinarayan Acharya
- Department of Ayurveda, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058 India
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Ulrich J, Stiltz S, St-Gelais A, El Gaafary M, Simmet T, Syrovets T, Schmiech M. Phytochemical Composition of Commiphora Oleogum Resins and Their Cytotoxicity against Skin Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123903. [PMID: 35745024 PMCID: PMC9229828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oleogum resins of the genus Commiphora have been used in traditional medicines for centuries. More than 200 Commiphora species exhibit highly variable phytochemical compositions. A novel highly selective, sensitive, accurate HPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to quantify five characteristic phytosteroids and furanosesquiterpenoids, namely (E)-guggulsterone, (Z)-guggulsterone, curzerenone, furanoeudesma-1,3-diene, and myrrhone. The resulting contents and additionally GC analysis were used to classify and differentiate Commiphora oleogum resins of the species C. myrrha, C. erythraea, C. mukul, C. holtziana, C. confusa, and C. kua, as well as unspecified resins. Interestingly, a Commiphora sample from Ogaden, Ethiopia, comprised 446 ng/mg guggulsterones presumed to be unique to C. mukul from the Indian subcontinent. However, Commiphora from Ogaden differed considerably from C. mukul in respect to guggulsterones isomer’s ratio. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of Commiphora extracts, essential oils, botanical drugs containing Commiphora, and pure compounds against the epidermoid carcinoma A431, malignant melanoma RPMI-7951 and SK-MEL-28 cells was investigated in vitro. Thereby, especially C. mukul extract and C. myrrha essential oil exhibited high cytotoxicity against skin cancer cells with IC50 of 2.9–10.9 µg/mL, but were less toxic to normal keratinocytes. In summary, Commiphora oleogum resins and its phytochemicals warrant further investigation aiming at chemotaxonomical classification as well as application in skin cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Ulrich
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (J.U.); (S.S.); (M.E.G.); (T.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Svenja Stiltz
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (J.U.); (S.S.); (M.E.G.); (T.S.); (T.S.)
| | | | - Menna El Gaafary
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (J.U.); (S.S.); (M.E.G.); (T.S.); (T.S.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (J.U.); (S.S.); (M.E.G.); (T.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (J.U.); (S.S.); (M.E.G.); (T.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Michael Schmiech
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (J.U.); (S.S.); (M.E.G.); (T.S.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-500-65622
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Kumar V, Kushwaha V, Gandhi Y, Mishra SK, Charde V, Jagtap C, Babu G, Singh A, Singh R, Srikanth N. A validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for the simultaneous quantification of 6-gingerol, guggulsterone E and guggulsterone Z in coded formulation AYUSH SG-5 prepared for rheumatoid arthritis. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-022-00153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Balkrishna A, Tomer M, Joshi M, Gujral S, Mishra R, Srivastava J, Varshney A. Standardization and validation of phyto‐metabolites by Ultra‐HPLC and high‐performance thin layer chromatography for rapid quality assessment of ancient ayurvedic medicine, Mahayograj Guggul. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1616-1635. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences University of Patanjali Patanjali Yogpeeth Roorkee‐Haridwar Road Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Meenu Tomer
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Monali Joshi
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Seema Gujral
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Rajesh Mishra
- Department of Dravya‐Guna Patanjali Bhartiya Ayurvigyan avam Anusandhan Sansthan Patanjali Yogpeeth Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Jyotish Srivastava
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences University of Patanjali Patanjali Yogpeeth Roorkee‐Haridwar Road Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
- Special Centre for Systems Medicine Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110 067 India
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Khan A, Gul R, Rehman NU, Khan H, Karim N, Halim SA, Ahmed S, Al-Harrasi A. Myrrhanone B and Myrrhanol B from resin of Commipohora mukul exhibit hepatoprotective effects in-vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112131. [PMID: 34560545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a large number of liver disorders, clinically useful drugs are scarce. Moreover, the available therapies are facing the challenges of efficacy and safety. Commipohora mukul has been used in folk medicine globally for millennia for the treatment of several ailments. The current study was designed to evaluate the possible hepatoprotective activity of Myrrhanone B (MN) and Myrrhanol B (ML) isolated from C. mukul using an animal model. The animals (Swiss albino mice) were segregated into seven groups, each comprising six mice. The first group was treated with normal saline at a dose of 1 ML/kg daily intraperitoneally (i.p.) for one week. The second group was treated with acetaminophen (APAP) (250 mg/kg, i.p.), it was taken as a negative control. Group 3 was used as a positive control (treated with Silymarin (100 mg/kg, i.p.)). While groups 4-7 were used as experimental groups (termed as groups II to IV), which were treated with ML and MN at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg, and 1.2 mg/kg (i.p.) for one week. Subsequently, blood serum and liver tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Both compounds significantly improved the levels of liver biomarkers including aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alanine transaminase (ALT) as compared to the normal saline-treated group in APAP-induced hepatotoxic mice. Moreover, both compounds significantly modulated the expression of oxidative biomarkers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) at the same doses. Additionally, ML and MN showed a remarkable improvement in histological changes with only mild inflammation, mild hemorrhage, no necrosis, and no pyknosis as compared to the control groups. In conclusion, MN and ML exhibited significant hepatoprotective effects in the animal model used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Rehmat Gul
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200 Pakistan
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200 Pakistan.
| | - Nasiara Karim
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Sagheer Ahmed
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman.
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Abdellatef AA, Zhou Y, Yamada A, Elmekkawy SA, Kohyama A, Yokoyama S, Meselhy MR, Matsuya Y, Sakurai H, Hayakawa Y. Synthetic E-guggulsterone derivative GSD-1 inhibits NF-κB signaling and suppresses the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111737. [PMID: 34020249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Guggulsterone (GS) [4,17(20)-pregnadiene-3,16-dione], is the main active phytosterol constituent in guggul, the gum resin of Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhand./Commiphora mukul Engl. tree, and is known for its medicinal effects. In this study, we report that GSD-1, a structurally-related synthetic GS derivative, strongly inhibits NF-κB activation induced by TNF-α. GSD-1 prevented the nuclear translocation of p65 through the blockade of IκBα degradation and p65 phosphorylation, and further inhibited the activation of upstream kinases, including transforming growth factor-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1), IκB kinase (IKK) α, and IKKβ. Furthermore, GSD-1 inhibited the cell-intrinsic activation of NF-κB, and exerted its direct anti-cancer and anti-metastatic effects in both murine and human breast cancer cell lines. This study demonstrated GSD-1 to be an attractive compound to target NF-κB activation that has potential for treating breast cancer growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A Abdellatef
- Section of Host Defences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akane Yamada
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Sahar A Elmekkawy
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National Research Centre, Egypt
| | - Aki Kohyama
- Department of Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Meselhy R Meselhy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yuji Matsuya
- Department of Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Section of Host Defences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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Abstract
:
In the herbal drug pharmaceutical industry, guggul is enjoying emergent consumer acceptance
around the world. In the Indian market, more than fifty formulations of guggul have been
introduced by well-known brands including Himalaya, Patanjali and Baidyanath Pharmaceuticals.
Basically, guggul is the gum resin from Commiphora wightii (syn. Commiphora Mukul). It has been
used to treat various ailments including obesity, osteoarthritis, arthritis, constipation, liver disorders,
inflammation, anemia, diabetes, etc. Including medicinal properties, it is used as a good binding
agent and mixed in various herbal formulations. To review the major phytochemical, medicinal properties
and analytical methods involved in the detection of guggul by using the exhaustive bibliographic
research by means of various scientific engines and databases. Guggul contained approximately
66 phytochemical including gallic acid, quercetin, and guggulsterones E and Z. These phytochemicals
have a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antimutagenic,
antivenom and antitumor. It has been noticed that the mode of action of guggulsterone has
not been fully explored. Pharmacology and toxicological studies are very few. These works have
shown huge literature gap, which is to be fulfilled through the detailed in-vivo and in-vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior (M.P.) - 474009, India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara (Punjab) - 144111, India
| | - Ravindra Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), New Delhi - 110058, India
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Balhara A, Ladumor M, Singh DK, Praneetha P, Preethi J, Pokharkar S, Deshpande AY, Giri S, Singh S. In vitro evaluation of reactive nature of E- and Z-guggulsterones and their metabolites in human liver microsomes using UHPLC-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113275. [PMID: 32247160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Guggulipid is known to be useful for hypercholesterolemia, arthritis, acne, and obesity. These activities are attributed to its two principal isomeric active constituents, viz., E- and Z-guggulsterones. There are several side effects reported for guggulipid, which include widespread erythematous papules in a morbilliform pattern and macules localized to the arms; swelling and erythema of the face with burning sensation; pruritis; and bullous lesions on the lower legs with associated headaches, myalgia and itching. We hypothesized that one probable reason for these toxic reactions could be the formation of electrophilic reactive metabolites (RMs) of guggulsterones and their subsequent reaction with cellular proteins. Unfortunately, no report exists in the literature highlighting detection of RMs of guggulsterone isomers. Accordingly, the present study was undertaken to investigate the potential of E- and Z-guggulsterones to form RMs in human liver microsomes (HLM) using glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as trapping agents. The generated samples were analysed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The analysis of incubations with trapping agents highlighted that hydroxylated metabolites of guggulsterone isomers showed adduction with GSH and NAC. Even direct adducts of guggulsterone isomers were observed with both the trapping agents. The in silico toxicity potential of E- and Z-guggulsterones and their RMs was predicted using ADMET Predictor™ software and comparison was made against reported toxicities of guggulipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Balhara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Mayur Ladumor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Pammi Praneetha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Jalvadi Preethi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 090, India
| | - Sunil Pokharkar
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 090, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Giri
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 090, India
| | - Saranjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India.
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Kumar D, Sharma U. High-performance thin-layer chromatography: An economical alternative for the quality control of medicinal plants and derived products. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201700013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division; CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology; Palampur Himachal Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR-IHBT; Palampur Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division; CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology; Palampur Himachal Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR-IHBT; Palampur Himachal Pradesh India
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Lamba H, Sabikhi L, Aggarwal D, Choudhary U, Reddi S, Kapila S, Kapila R. Double emulsion-encapsulatedguggulexhibits improvedin vivohypocholesterolaemic action in rats. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heena Lamba
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute; Near Jewels Hotel, GT Road Karnal Haryana 132001 India
| | - Latha Sabikhi
- Dairy Technology Division; ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute; Near Jewels Hotel, GT Road Karnal Haryana 132001 India
| | - Dipesh Aggarwal
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute; Near Jewels Hotel, GT Road Karnal Haryana 132001 India
| | - Urmila Choudhary
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute; Near Jewels Hotel, GT Road Karnal Haryana 132001 India
| | - Srinu Reddi
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute; Near Jewels Hotel, GT Road Karnal Haryana 132001 India
| | - Suman Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division; ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute; Near Jewels Hotel, GT Road Karnal Haryana 132001 India
| | - Rajeev Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division; ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute; Near Jewels Hotel, GT Road Karnal Haryana 132001 India
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Chin J, Hahn D, Won DH, Cho SJ, Kim KH, Ham J, Kang H. Regioselective Synthesis of the FXR Antagonist E
-Guggulsterone from Three Natural Steroids. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jungwook Chin
- New Drug Development Center; Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation; Daegu 41061 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyup Hahn
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Won
- Center for Marine Natural Products and Drug Discovery, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-747 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center; Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation; Daegu 41061 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- New Drug Development Center; Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation; Daegu 41061 Republic of Korea
| | - Jungyeob Ham
- Natural Constituents Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Gangneung Gangwon-do South Korea
| | - Heonjoong Kang
- Center for Marine Natural Products and Drug Discovery, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-747 Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Oceanography; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-747 Republic of Korea
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13
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Sairkar PK, Sharma A, Shukla NP. Estimation of Guggulsterone E and Z in the Guggul-based Commercial Formulations Using High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2017; 9:1-7. [PMID: 28584486 PMCID: PMC5450464 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.206225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Guggulsterone (GS) is a plant steroid and bioactive compound present in gum Guggul of Commiphora wightii. An Indian herbal medicine system “Ayurveda” has a long history of use of gum Guggul and plant extract of C. wightii as medicine for the treatment of various illnesses. Complex nature, low availability, and inconsistency of phytoconstituents make its analysis of difficult tasks. Aims: In this work, six different Guggul-based herbal formulations were examined for estimation of GS and their isomers (E and Z) through high-performance thin-layer chromatography technique. Materials and Methods: For that various concentrations of standard E-GS and Z-GS (50 ng–250 ng/spot) with samples (20 μg/spot) were applied on silica gel coated aluminum plate and developed with the mobile phase of toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid: methanol (6:2:1:0.5). The scanning was performed at 254 nm wavelength and the absorbance (scan) spectrum of E-GS and Z-GS peak was generated at 200 nm–400 nm wavelength range. Results and Conclusions: Rf value and scan spectrum pattern of the samples reveal that they contain either one form of GS (E-GS, Z-GS) or both. The quantity of E-GS and Z-GS within the samples was ranged from 0.230 ± 0.0040–0.926 ± 0.0168% to 0.537 ± 0.0026–0.723 ± 0.0177%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar Sairkar
- Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology, M. P. Council of Science and Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anjana Sharma
- Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Biological Science, Bacteriology Laboratory, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - N P Shukla
- Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board, Paryavaran Parisar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Bhatia A, Bharti SK, Tripathi T, Mishra A, Sidhu OP, Roy R, Nautiyal CS. Metabolic profiling of Commiphora wightii (guggul) reveals a potential source for pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 110:29-36. [PMID: 25561401 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Guggul gum resin from Commiphora wightii (syn. Commiphoramukul) has been used for centuries in Ayurveda to treat a variety of ailments. The NMR and GC-MS based non-targeted metabolite profiling identified 118 chemically diverse metabolites including amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, phenolic acids, pregnane-derivatives, steroids, sterols, sugars, sugar alcohol, terpenoids, and tocopherol from aqueous and non-aqueous extracts of leaves, stem, roots, latex and fruits of C. wightii. Out of 118, 51 structurally diverse aqueous metabolites were characterized by NMR spectroscopy. For the first time quinic acid and myo-inositol were identified as the major metabolites in C. wightii. Very high concentration of quinic acid was found in fruits (553.5 ± 39.38 mg g(-1) dry wt.) and leaves (212.9 ± 10.37 mg g(-1) dry wt.). Similarly, high concentration of myo-inositol (168.8 ± 13.84 mg g(-1) dry wt.) was observed from fruits. The other metabolites of cosmeceutical, medicinal, nutraceutical and industrial significance such as α-tocopherol, n-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), trans-farnesol, prostaglandin F2, protocatechuic, gallic and cinnamic acids were identified from non-aqueous extracts using GC-MS. These important metabolites have thus far not been reported from this plant. Isolation of a fungal endophyte, (Nigrospora sps.) from this plant is the first report. The fungal endophyte produced a substantial quantity of bostrycin and deoxybostrycin known for their antitumor properties. Very high concentrations of quinic acid and myo-inositol in leaves and fruits; a substantial quantity of α-tocopherol and NMP in leaves, trans-farnesol in fruits, bostrycin and deoxybostrycin from its endophyte makes the taxa distinct, since these metabolites with medicinal properties find immense applications as dietary supplements and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Bhatia
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226 001, UP, India; School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar 201308, UP, India
| | - Santosh K Bharti
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Formerly Known as Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 014, UP, India
| | - Tusha Tripathi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226 001, UP, India
| | - Anuradha Mishra
- School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar 201308, UP, India
| | - Om P Sidhu
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226 001, UP, India.
| | - Raja Roy
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Formerly Known as Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 014, UP, India.
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15
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Kulhari A, Sheorayan A, Chaudhury A, Sarkar S, Kalia RK. Quantitative determination of guggulsterone in existing natural populations of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari for identification of germplasm having higher guggulsterone content. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 21:71-81. [PMID: 25648764 PMCID: PMC4312330 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-014-0271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Guggulsterone is an aromatic steroidal ketonic compound obtained from vertical rein ducts and canals of bark of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari (Family - Burseraceae). Owing to its multifarious medicinal and therapeutic values as well as its various other significant bioactivities, guggulsterone has high demand in pharmaceutical, perfumery and incense industries. More and more pharmaceutical and perfumery industries are showing interest in guggulsterone, therefore, there is a need for its quantitative determination in existing natural populations of C. wightii. Identification of elite germplasm having higher guggulsterone content can be multiplied through conventional or biotechnological means. In the present study an effort was made to estimate two isoforms of guggulsterone i.e. E and Z guggulsterone in raw exudates of 75 accessions of C. wightii collected from three states of North-western India viz. Rajasthan (19 districts), Haryana (4 districts) and Gujarat (3 districts). Extracted steroid rich fraction from stem samples was fractionated using reverse-phase preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with UV/VIS detector operating at wavelength of 250 nm. HPLC analysis of stem samples of wild as well as cultivated plants showed that the concentration of E and Z isomers as well as total guggulsterone was highest in Rajasthan, as compared to Haryana and Gujarat states. Highest concentration of E guggulsterone (487.45 μg/g) and Z guggulsterone (487.68 μg/g) was found in samples collected from Devikot (Jaisalmer) and Palana (Bikaner) respectively, the two hyper-arid regions of Rajasthan, India. Quantitative assay was presented on the basis of calibration curve obtained from a mixture of standard E and Z guggulsterones with different validatory parameters including linearity, selectivity and specificity, accuracy, auto-injector, flow-rate, recoveries, limit of detection and limit of quantification (as per norms of International conference of Hormonization). Present findings revealed the role of environmental factors on biosynthesis of guggulsterone isomers under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Kulhari
- />Center for Plant Biotechnology, CCSHAU New Campus, Hisar, India
- />Department of Bio and Nanotechnology, Guru Jambeshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Arun Sheorayan
- />Center for Plant Biotechnology, CCSHAU New Campus, Hisar, India
- />Department of Bio and Nanotechnology, Guru Jambeshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Ashok Chaudhury
- />Department of Bio and Nanotechnology, Guru Jambeshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Susheel Sarkar
- />Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, PUSA, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajwant K. Kalia
- />Center for Plant Biotechnology, CCSHAU New Campus, Hisar, India
- />Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Jodhpur, 342003 Rajasthan India
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Mithila MV, Khanum F. The appetite regulatory effect of guggulsterones in rats: a repertoire of plasma hormones and neurotransmitters. J Diet Suppl 2014; 11:262-71. [PMID: 25025986 DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2014.937045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Guggulsterone or guggulipid is a steroidal constituent present in the neutral fraction of gum resin of Commiphora mukul, commonly known as guggul. The traditional uses of guggul-resin extract are well documented in the Ayurveda-where it is prescribed to treat a variety of ailments including lipid-related disorders such as obesity and arteriosclerosis. The hypolipidemic activity of the extracts known since ancient times can be traced to the two closely related steroidal ketones, E-guggulsterone and Z-guggulsterone. In this study, we have investigated the dose dependent (100, 200, 400 mg/kg body weight) effect of guggulsterones on appetite regulating hormones [ghrelin, leptin, cholecystokinin (CCK)] and neurotransmitters (serotonin and dopamine), which play a major role in the energy homeostasis and thus influence obesity related factors. We have also studied its effect on food intake, body weight and plasma triglycerides and glucose in rats. Guggulsterones at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight was able to significantly reduce food intake and limit body weight gain over a period of 15 days. It also significantly decreased the plasma ghrelin, glucose, triglyceride levels and increased plasma leptin, serotonin, dopamine levels, but did not show much effect on CCK levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Mithila
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL) , Siddhartanagar, Mysore , India
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17
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Goyal S, Khilnani G, Singhvi I, Singla S, Khilnani AK. Guggulipid of Commiphora mukul, with antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic activities in both sciatic nerve and spinal nerve ligation models of neuropathic pain. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:1487-1498. [PMID: 23862659 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.796392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Guggulipid is a neutral fraction of ethyl acetate extract of gum resin of the tree Commiphora mukul Engl. (Burseraceae) and used in Ayurvedic medicine for treatment of neurological disorders. OBJECTIVES The present study was undertaken to assess the antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic activities of guggulipid in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The screening study included the CCI and L5-L6 SNL models of neuropathic pain. Guggulipid (100 and 50 mg/kg) or saline was administered intraperitoneally in a blinded, randomized manner from postoperative day (POD) 7 to 13. Paw withdrawal duration (PWD) to spontaneous pain, chemical allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were tested before surgery, before and after guggulipid or saline administration (from POD7 to 13) and after the withdrawal of treatment (from POD14 to 20). RESULTS The activity profiles of the different doses of guggulipid were found to vary with time. In CCI rats, guggulipid (100 and 50 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the spontaneous pain, mechanical allodynia and mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia responses and the LD50 of guggulipid was 1600 mg/kg. In SNL rats, both doses of guggulipid were found to be ineffective in reversing the spontaneous pain but showing antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic activity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that guggulipid produce antinociception in the peripheral nerve injury (CCI and SNL) models of neuropathic pain. The underlying mechanisms are expected to be modulating microglial activation occurring due to peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Goyal
- Pacific College of Pharmacy, Pacific Hills, Pratapnagar Extension, Udaipur , Rajasthan , India
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18
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Kulhari A, Sheorayan A, Saxena N, Mohan C, Mangal M, Chaudhury A, Dhawan AK, Kalia RK. HPTLC analysis of guggulsterone isomers in Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari: an endangered oleo-gum resin species heading towards extinction. GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION 2013; 60:1173-1180. [DOI: 10.1007/s10722-012-9947-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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Rhourrhi-Frih B, West C, Pasquier L, André P, Chaimbault P, Lafosse M. Classification of natural resins by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry using chemometric analysis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1256:177-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Kulhari A, Sheorayan A, Kalia S, Chaudhury A, Kalia RK. Problems, progress and future prospects of improvement of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari, an endangered herbal magic, through modern biotechnological tools: a review. GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION 2012; 59:1223-1254. [DOI: 10.1007/s10722-012-9854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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21
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Gioiello A, Sardella R, Rosatelli E, Sadeghpour BM, Natalini B, Pellicciari R. Novel stereoselective synthesis and chromatographic evaluation of E-guggulsterone. Steroids 2012; 77:250-4. [PMID: 22155267 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new stereoselective synthesis of E-guggulsterone is described starting from androsten-3,17-dione. Protection of the ring A enonic system, followed by regioselective Wittig reaction and C-16 oxidation, affords E-guggulsterone in good yields and high stereoselectivity, making this approach easily accessible and scalable. Moreover, an original normal-phase HPLC method enabling the fast quantitation of the guggulsterone isomeric purity, combined with the suitability for sampling procedures, is detailed. The relying upon the cellulose-based Chiralpak IB column and the chloroform as the "non-standard" component of the eluent mixture, allows to get profitably high chromatographic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antimo Gioiello
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Musharraf SG, Iqbal N, Ahmed MA, Mazhar S, Choudhary MI. SCREENING OF E- AND Z-GUGGULSTERONES IN THE GUM-RESIN EXUDATES OF SOME COMMON PLANTS AND METHOD VALIDATION IN RAW, EXTRACTED, AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS OF COMMIPHORA MUKUL BY HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.585481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- a H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Iqbal
- a H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif Ahmed
- a H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shumiala Mazhar
- a H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- a H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan
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Shelke N, Kuber V, Bhope S, Jadhav R. Simultaneous HPTLC analysis ofE-guggulsterone,Z-guggulsterone, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid, and 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid in an anti-arthritic formulation. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.24.2011.3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
We have successfully prepared E-guggulsterone from 16,17-epoxy-pregnenolone in 84% yield over two steps via a hydrazine reduction and Oppenhauer oxidation. Additionally, isomerization was induced by heat, light (hν) and acid catalysis to convert E- guggulsterone into the corresponding Z isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungyeob Ham
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 290 Daejeon-dong, Gangneung 210-340, Korea; (J.H.)
| | - Jungwook Chin
- Center for Marine Natural Products and Drug Discovery, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 151-747, Korea
- Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 151-741, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (J.C.); (H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-880-5730; Fax: +82-2-883-9289
| | - Heonjoong Kang
- Center for Marine Natural Products and Drug Discovery, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 151-747, Korea
- Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 151-741, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (J.C.); (H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-880-5730; Fax: +82-2-883-9289
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Musharraf SG, Iqbal N, Gulzar U, Ali A, Choudhary MI, Atta-Ur-Rahman. Effective separation and analysis of E- and Z-guggulsterones in Commiphora mukul resin, guggulipid and their pharmaceutical product by high performance thin-layer chromatography-densitometric method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:240-5. [PMID: 21676570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A high performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous determination of the hypolipidemic agents, E- and Z-isomers of guggulsterone in Commiphora mukul resin, guggulipid (ethyl acetate extract of resin), and its pharmaceutical formulation, was developed. The developed system was efficient enough to separate both isomers from their conger, 17,20-dihydroguggulsterone. HPTLC glass plates, pre-coated with silica gel 60F-254, were used as a stationary phase. The mobile phase consisted of toluene:acetone (9.3:0.7, v/v) which gave well resolved spots for E- and Z-guggulsterones (R(f): 0.52±0.01, and 0.67±0.01, respectively) following double development of chromatoplate with the same mobile phase under unsaturated conditions. The analyte stability towards the developed chromatographic procedure was also investigated by two-dimensional (2D) HPTLC analysis. 17,20-Dihydroguggulsterone (3) was identified by the electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centers for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Haque I, Kumar M, Mukhopadhyay K. A Rapid and Simple UPLC-MS–MS based Simultaneous Determination of the Medicinally Important E- and Z-Guggulsterone from Oleogum-Resins of Naturally Occurring Commiphora wightii Plants. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mathur M, Ramawat KG. Guggulsterone production in cell suspension cultures of the guggul tree, Commiphora wightii, grown in shake-flasks and bioreactors. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 29:979-82. [PMID: 17354018 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-007-9342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell suspension cultures of Commiphora wightii, grown in modified MS medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0.5 mg l(-1)) and kinetin (0.25 mg l(-1)), produced approximately 5 microg guggulsterone g(-1) dry wt. In a 2 l stirred tank bioreactor, the biomass was 5.5 g l(-1) and total guggulsterone was 36 microg l(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeta Mathur
- Laboratory of Bio-Molecular Technology, Department of Botany, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
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Hanus LO, Rezanka T, Dembitsky VM, Moussaieff A. Myrrh--Commiphora chemistry. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2006; 149:3-27. [PMID: 16170385 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2005.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myrrh and opopanax has been used throughout history in incense and as a perfume. Since Bible times it has been used for the treatment of wounds. The first attempts to identify content compounds were almost 100 years ago. In this review we discuss the present state of knowledge in the chemistry of substances of Commiphora spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumír O Hanus
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Hebrew University, Ein Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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Agrawal H, Kaul N, Paradkar AR, Mahadik KR. HPTLC method for guggulsterone. II. Stress degradation studies on guggulsterone. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 36:23-31. [PMID: 15351044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2003] [Revised: 04/08/2004] [Accepted: 04/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Stress degradation studies were carried out on guggulsterone (the hypolipidemic agent in the gum-resin exudates of Commiphora mukul) following the conditions prescribed in the parent drug stability testing guideline (Q1AR) issued by International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). The present study describes degradation of guggulsterone under different ICH prescribed stress conditions (acid and base hydrolysis, oxidation, dry and wet heat degradation and photodegradation) and establishment of a stability indicating HPTLC assay. The method employed TLC aluminium plates precoated with silica gel 60F-254 as the stationary phase. The solvent system consisted of toluene-acetone (9:1, v/v). Densitometric analysis of guggulsterone was carried out in the absorbance mode at 250 nm. This system was found to give compact spots for E- and Z-guggulsterone, (Rf value of 0.38 +/- 0.02 and 0.46 +/- 0.02, respectively) following double development of chromatoplates with the same mobile phase. The drug undergoes degradation under acidic and basic conditions, oxidation, dry and wet heat treatment and photodegradation. All the peaks of degraded products were resolved from the standard guggulsterone with significantly different Rf values. As the method could effectively separate the drug from its degradation products, it can be employed as a stability indicating one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Agrawal
- Department of Quality Assurance Techniques, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Pune 411038, Maharashtra State, India
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Agrawal H, Kaul N, Paradkar AR, Mahadik KR. HPTLC method for guggulsterone. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 36:33-41. [PMID: 15351045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2003] [Revised: 04/20/2004] [Accepted: 04/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, selective, precise and robust high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method of analysis of E and Z stereoisomers of guggulsterone (the hypolipidemic agent in the gum-resin exudates of Commiphora mukul) both as a bulk drug and in formulations was developed and validated. The method employed TLC aluminium plates precoated with silica gel 60F-254 as the stationary phase. The solvent system consisted of toluene-acetone (9:1, v/v). Densitometric analysis of guggulsterone was carried out in the absorbance mode at 250 nm. This system was found to give compact spots for E- and Z-guggulsterone (Rf value of 0.38 +/- 0.02 and 0.46 +/- 0.02, respectively) following double development of chromatoplates with the same mobile phase. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots for E- and Z-guggulsterone showed good linear relationship with r2 = 0.9977 +/- 0.054 and 0.9975 +/- 0.068, respectively, in the concentration range of 100-6000 ng/spot. The mean value of slope and intercept were 0.11 +/- 0.006 and 0.11 +/- 0.005, 14.26 +/- 0.56 and 10.92 +/- 0.76, respectively, for E- and Z-guggulsterone. The method was validated for precision, robustness and recovery. The limit of detection and quantitation were 12, 10 and 24, 20 ng/spot, respectively, for E- and Z-guggulsterone. Statistical analysis proves that the method is repeatable and selective for the estimation of the said drug. Since the proposed mobile phase effectively resolves the E- and Z-isomers of guggulsterone, this HPTLC method can be applied for identification and quantitation of these isomers in herbal extracts and pharmaceutical dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Agrawal
- Department of Quality Assurance Techniques, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
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