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Ulrich J, Stiltz S, St-Gelais A, El Gaafary M, Simmet T, Syrovets T, Schmiech M. Phytochemical Composition of Commiphora Oleogum Resins and Their Cytotoxicity against Skin Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123903. [PMID: 35745024 PMCID: PMC9229828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oleogum resins of the genus Commiphora have been used in traditional medicines for centuries. More than 200 Commiphora species exhibit highly variable phytochemical compositions. A novel highly selective, sensitive, accurate HPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to quantify five characteristic phytosteroids and furanosesquiterpenoids, namely (E)-guggulsterone, (Z)-guggulsterone, curzerenone, furanoeudesma-1,3-diene, and myrrhone. The resulting contents and additionally GC analysis were used to classify and differentiate Commiphora oleogum resins of the species C. myrrha, C. erythraea, C. mukul, C. holtziana, C. confusa, and C. kua, as well as unspecified resins. Interestingly, a Commiphora sample from Ogaden, Ethiopia, comprised 446 ng/mg guggulsterones presumed to be unique to C. mukul from the Indian subcontinent. However, Commiphora from Ogaden differed considerably from C. mukul in respect to guggulsterones isomer’s ratio. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of Commiphora extracts, essential oils, botanical drugs containing Commiphora, and pure compounds against the epidermoid carcinoma A431, malignant melanoma RPMI-7951 and SK-MEL-28 cells was investigated in vitro. Thereby, especially C. mukul extract and C. myrrha essential oil exhibited high cytotoxicity against skin cancer cells with IC50 of 2.9–10.9 µg/mL, but were less toxic to normal keratinocytes. In summary, Commiphora oleogum resins and its phytochemicals warrant further investigation aiming at chemotaxonomical classification as well as application in skin cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Ulrich
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (J.U.); (S.S.); (M.E.G.); (T.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Svenja Stiltz
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (J.U.); (S.S.); (M.E.G.); (T.S.); (T.S.)
| | | | - Menna El Gaafary
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (J.U.); (S.S.); (M.E.G.); (T.S.); (T.S.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (J.U.); (S.S.); (M.E.G.); (T.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (J.U.); (S.S.); (M.E.G.); (T.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Michael Schmiech
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (J.U.); (S.S.); (M.E.G.); (T.S.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-500-65622
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St-Gelais A, Alsarraf J, Legault J, Plourde J, Pichette A. Effect of the Chromone Core Substitution of Dirchromone on the Resultant Biological Activities. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:2786-2794. [PMID: 34786945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dirchromone is a bioactive vinyl sulfoxide-bearing chromone first isolated from the shrub Dirca palustris. Altogether, 32 of its derivatives were prepared to assess the effect of substitution of its chromone core upon activities against cancer cell lines, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungi (such as Candida albicans). All compounds were synthesized following a synthetic strategy involving Pummerer and soft-enolization Baker-Venkataraman rearrangements. Substituent position changes induced little variability on the activities tested. There was no correlation between cytotoxic and antibacterial effects, suggesting different underlying mechanisms of action. In particular, hydroxy group and cyanide substituents diminished cytotoxicity, with the latter featuring enhanced antibacterial activity. Higher homologues of 6-alkoxydirchromones also exhibited progressively emerging antifungal activity. Other modifications had moderate effects on cytotoxicity with some derivatives leading to increased potency. This behavior highlights the robustness of the natural dirchromone pharmacophore toward decoration, thus paving the way for more elaborate future drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis St-Gelais
- Centre de Recherche sur la Boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Séparation des Essences Végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'Université, Saguenay (QC), G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Jérôme Alsarraf
- Centre de Recherche sur la Boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Séparation des Essences Végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'Université, Saguenay (QC), G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Jean Legault
- Centre de Recherche sur la Boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Séparation des Essences Végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'Université, Saguenay (QC), G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Joanne Plourde
- Centre de Recherche sur la Boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Séparation des Essences Végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'Université, Saguenay (QC), G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - André Pichette
- Centre de Recherche sur la Boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Séparation des Essences Végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'Université, Saguenay (QC), G7H 2B1, Canada
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Schmiech M, Ulrich J, Lang SJ, Büchele B, Paetz C, St-Gelais A, Syrovets T, Simmet T. 11-Keto-α-Boswellic Acid, a Novel Triterpenoid from Boswellia spp. with Chemotaxonomic Potential and Antitumor Activity against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020366. [PMID: 33445710 PMCID: PMC7828217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Boswellic acids, and particularly 11-keto-boswellic acids, triterpenoids derived from the genus Boswellia (Burseraceae), are known for their anti-inflammatory and potential antitumor efficacy. Although boswellic acids generally occur as α-isomers (oleanane type) and β-isomers (ursane type), 11-keto-boswellic acid (KBA) was found only as the β-isomer, β-KBA. Here, the existence and natural occurrence of the respective α-isomer, 11-keto-α-boswellic acid (α-KBA), is demonstrated for the first time. Initially, α-KBA was synthesized and characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and a highly selective, sensitive, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed by Design of Experiments (DoE) using a pentafluorophenyl stationary phase. This method allowed the selective quantification of individual 11-keto-boswellic acids and provided evidence for α-KBA in Boswellia spp. oleogum resins. The contents of α-KBA as well as further boswellic acids and the composition of essential oils were used to chemotaxonomically classify 41 Boswellia oleogum resins from 9 different species. Moreover, α-KBA exhibited cytotoxicity against three treatment-resistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines in vitro and also induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 xenografts in vivo. The respective β-isomer and the acetylated form demonstrate higher cytotoxic efficacies against TNBC cells. This provides further insights into the structure-activity relationship of boswellic acids and could support future developments of potential anti-inflammatory and antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmiech
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.S.); (J.U.); (S.J.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Judith Ulrich
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.S.); (J.U.); (S.J.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Sophia Johanna Lang
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.S.); (J.U.); (S.J.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Berthold Büchele
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.S.); (J.U.); (S.J.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Christian Paetz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | | | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.S.); (J.U.); (S.J.L.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (T.S.); Tel.: +49-731-500-65604 (T.S.); +49-731-500-65600 (T.S.)
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.S.); (J.U.); (S.J.L.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (T.S.); Tel.: +49-731-500-65604 (T.S.); +49-731-500-65600 (T.S.)
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St-Gelais A, Alsarraf J, Legault J, Mihoub M, Pichette A. On the role of the vinylsulfoxide side chain of dirchromone towards its bioactivities. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9700-9705. [PMID: 33232427 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01783c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Analogs of dirchromone were prepared to shed light on the pivotal role of its peculiar vinylsulfoxide side chain towards its cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties, especially dependant upon the presence and oxidation state of sulfur. The reaction of dirchromone with cysteamine revealed a surprising Michael acceptor behavior with elimination of the methylsulfinyl moiety and redox transformation of the sulfur atom that could be involved in the mode of action of dirchromone within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis St-Gelais
- Chaire de recherche sur les agents anticancéreux d'origine naturelle, Laboratoire d'analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada.
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St-Gelais A, Alsarraf J, Legault J, Gauthier C, Pichette A. Soft-enolization Baker-Venkataraman Rearrangement Enabled Total Synthesis of Dirchromones and Related 2-Substituted Chromones. Org Lett 2018; 20:7424-7428. [PMID: 30489093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A seven-step total synthesis of the original scaffold of cytotoxic dirchromones involving an unprecedented soft-enolization Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement was designed. The methodology enabled access to naturally occurring dirchromone 1 (21% overall yield) at gram-scale, which was screened for cytotoxicity against 13 cancer cell lines. The scope of the soft-enolization Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement encompasses diversely substituted dirchromones, including flavonoids, 2-styrylchromones, and 2-phenylethylchromones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis St-Gelais
- Chaire de recherche sur les agents anticancéreux d'origine naturelle, Laboratoire d'analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales , Université du Québec à Chicoutimi , 555, boulevard de l'Université , Chicoutimi , Québec , G7H 2B1 , Canada
| | - Jérôme Alsarraf
- Chaire de recherche sur les agents anticancéreux d'origine naturelle, Laboratoire d'analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales , Université du Québec à Chicoutimi , 555, boulevard de l'Université , Chicoutimi , Québec , G7H 2B1 , Canada
| | - Jean Legault
- Chaire de recherche sur les agents anticancéreux d'origine naturelle, Laboratoire d'analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales , Université du Québec à Chicoutimi , 555, boulevard de l'Université , Chicoutimi , Québec , G7H 2B1 , Canada
| | - Charles Gauthier
- Chaire de recherche sur les agents anticancéreux d'origine naturelle, Laboratoire d'analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales , Université du Québec à Chicoutimi , 555, boulevard de l'Université , Chicoutimi , Québec , G7H 2B1 , Canada.,INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec , 531, boulevard des Prairies , Laval , Québec H7V 1B7 , Canada
| | - André Pichette
- Chaire de recherche sur les agents anticancéreux d'origine naturelle, Laboratoire d'analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales , Université du Québec à Chicoutimi , 555, boulevard de l'Université , Chicoutimi , Québec , G7H 2B1 , Canada
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St-Gelais A, Roger B, Alsarraf J, Legault J, Massé D, Pichette A. Aromas from Quebec. VI. Morella pensylvanica from the Magdalen Islands: a (-)-α-bisabolol-rich oil featuring a new bisabolane ether. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2018.1470039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoit Roger
- Laboratoire d’analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi , Saguenay, Canada
| | - Jérôme Alsarraf
- Laboratoire d’analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi , Saguenay, Canada
| | - Jean Legault
- Laboratoire d’analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi , Saguenay, Canada
| | - Dany Massé
- Laboratoire PhytoChemia Inc. , Saguenay, Canada
| | - André Pichette
- Laboratoire d’analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi , Saguenay, Canada
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Ledoux A, St-Gelais A, Cieckiewicz E, Jansen O, Bordignon A, Illien B, Di Giovanni N, Marvilliers A, Hoareau F, Pendeville H, Quetin-Leclercq J, Frédérich M. Antimalarial Activities of Alkyl Cyclohexenone Derivatives Isolated from the Leaves of Poupartia borbonica. J Nat Prod 2017; 80:1750-1757. [PMID: 28557449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of Poupartia borbonica led to the isolation of three new alkyl cyclohexenone derivatives 1-3, and named Poupartone A-C. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data analysis and MS, whereas calculated and experimental ECD spectra were used to define the absolute configurations. These compounds were active against 3D7 and W2 Plasmodium falciparum strains with IC50 values between 0.55 and 1.81 μM. In vitro cytotoxicity against WI38 human fibroblasts and the human cervical cancer cell line HeLa (WST-1 assay) showed that these compounds were also cytotoxic, but no hemolytic activity was observed for the extract and pure compounds. An in vivo antimalarial assay was performed on the major cyclohexenone using P. berghei-infected mice at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day ip. The assay revealed growth inhibition of 59.1 and 69.5% at days 5 and 7 postinfection, respectively, although some toxicity was observed. Zebrafish larvae were used as a model to determine the type of toxicity, and the results showed cardiac toxicity. The methanol extract was also studied, and it displayed moderate antiplasmodial properties in vitro. This extract contained the known flavonoids, quercetin, 3'-O-hydroxysulfonylquercetin, quercitrin, and isoquercitrin as well as ellagic acid, which showed high to low activity against the 3D7 P. falciparum strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Ledoux
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège , Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexis St-Gelais
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège , Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Laboratoire d'Analyses et de Séparation des Essences Végétales (LASEVE), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi , 555 Boulevard de l'Université, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Ewa Cieckiewicz
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège , Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivia Jansen
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège , Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Annélise Bordignon
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège , Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Illien
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments (LCSNA), University of Reunion Island , Avenue René Cassin 15, 97744 Saint-Denis, La Réunion France
| | - Nicolas Di Giovanni
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Organique et Biologique (OBiAChem), University of Liège , Allée de la Chimie 3, Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marvilliers
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments (LCSNA), University of Reunion Island , Avenue René Cassin 15, 97744 Saint-Denis, La Réunion France
| | - Floriane Hoareau
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments (LCSNA), University of Reunion Island , Avenue René Cassin 15, 97744 Saint-Denis, La Réunion France
| | - Hélène Pendeville
- Plateforme Zebrafish Facility and Transgenics, GIGA, University of Liège , Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Avenue E. Mounier, B1 72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Frédérich
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège , Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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St-Gelais A, Collin G, Pichette A. Aromas from Quebec. V. Essential oils from the fruits and stems of Heracleum maximum Bartram and their unsaturated aliphaticacetates. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2016.1210040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guy Collin
- Laboratoire d’analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - André Pichette
- Laboratoire d’analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
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St-Gelais A, Mathieu M, Levasseur V, Ovando JF, Escamilla R, Marceau H. Preisocalamendiol, Shyobunol and Related Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes from Bolivian Schinus molle Essential Oil. Nat Prod Commun 2016; 11:547-550. [PMID: 27396215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Five batches of Bolivian Schinus molle essential oils were obtained from pilot and industrial-scale hydrodiffusions. They were analyzed by gas chromatography to find 80 known compounds and two unknown molecules. In particular, preisocalamendiol (5.6-11.0 %) was found to be an important constituent of these oils, along with shyobunol (0.6-3.2 %) and several other related oxygenated sesquiterpenes. These compounds, usually found in Acorus calamus, had not been reported altogether in S. molle essential oils previously. These findings, in light of the GABAA positive modulating effect of shyobunone and preisocalamendiol, along with some traditional uses of S. molle, suggest that further investigation of the tranquilizing properties of these Bolivian oils would be of interest.
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St-Gelais A, Caron L, Collin G, Marceau H, Pichette A. Aromas from Quebec. III. Composition of the essential oil and hydrolate of the roots ofAnthriscus sylvestris(L.) Hoffm. from Saguenay. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2015.1060176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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