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Kamali M, Guo D, Naeimi S, Ahmadi J. Perception of Biocontrol Potential of Bacillus inaquosorum KR2-7 against Tomato Fusarium Wilt through Merging Genome Mining with Chemical Analysis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010137. [PMID: 35053135 PMCID: PMC8773019 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Bacillus is a bacterial genus that is widely used as a promising alternative to chemical pesticides due to its protective activity toward economically important plant pathogens. Fusarium wilt of tomato is a serious fungal disease limiting tomato production worldwide. Recently, the newly isolated B. inaquosorum strain KR2-7 considerably suppressed Fusarium wilt of tomato plants. The present study was performed to perceive potential direct and indirect biocontrol mechanisms implemented by KR2-7 against this disease through genome and chemical analysis. The potential direct biocontrol mechanisms of KR2-7 were determined through the identification of genes involved in the synthesis of antibiotically active compounds suppressing tomato Fusarium wilt. Furthermore, the indirect mechanisms of this bacterium were perceived through recognizing genes that contributed to the resource acquisition or modulation of plant hormone levels. This is the first study that aimed at the modes of actions of B. inaquosorum against Fusarium wilt of tomatoes and the results strongly indicate that strain KR2-7 could be a good candidate for microbial biopesticide formulations to be used for biological control of plant diseases and plant growth promotion. Abstract Tomato Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), is a destructive disease that threatens the agricultural production of tomatoes. In the present study, the biocontrol potential of strain KR2-7 against Fol was investigated through integrated genome mining and chemical analysis. Strain KR2-7 was identified as B. inaquosorum based on phylogenetic analysis. Through the genome mining of strain KR2-7, we identified nine antifungal and antibacterial compound biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) including fengycin, surfactin and Bacillomycin F, bacillaene, macrolactin, sporulation killing factor (skf), subtilosin A, bacilysin, and bacillibactin. The corresponding compounds were confirmed through MALDI-TOF-MS chemical analysis. The gene/gene clusters involved in plant colonization, plant growth promotion, and induced systemic resistance were also identified in the KR2-7 genome, and their related secondary metabolites were detected. In light of these results, the biocontrol potential of strain KR2-7 against tomato Fusarium wilt was identified. This study highlights the potential to use strain KR2-7 as a plant-growth promotion agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Kamali
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Dianjing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3943-6298
| | - Shahram Naeimi
- Department of Biological Control Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran 19858-13111, Iran;
| | - Jafar Ahmadi
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34149-16818, Iran;
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Fengycin induces ion channels in lipid bilayers mimicking target fungal cell membranes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16034. [PMID: 31690786 PMCID: PMC6831686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The one-sided addition of fengycin (FE) to planar lipid bilayers mimicking target fungal cell membranes up to 0.1 to 0.5 μM in the membrane bathing solution leads to the formation of well-defined and well-reproducible single-ion channels of various conductances in the picosiemens range. FE channels were characterized by asymmetric conductance-voltage characteristic. Membranes treated with FE showed nonideal cationic selectivity in potassium chloride bathing solutions. The membrane conductance induced by FE increased with the second power of the lipopeptide aqueous concentration, suggesting that at least FE dimers are involved in the formation of conductive subunits. The pore formation ability of FE was not distinctly affected by the molecular shape of membrane lipids but strongly depended on the presence of negatively charged species in the bilayer. FE channels were characterized by weakly pronounced voltage gating. Small molecules known to modify the transmembrane distribution of electrical potential and the lateral pressure profile were used to modulate the channel-forming activity of FE. The observed effects of membrane modifiers were attributed to changes in lipid packing and lipopeptide oligomerization in the membrane.
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Ntushelo K, Ledwaba LK, Rauwane ME, Adebo OA, Njobeh PB. The Mode of Action of Bacillus Species against Fusarium graminearum, Tools for Investigation, and Future Prospects. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11100606. [PMID: 31635255 PMCID: PMC6832908 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is a pervasive plant pathogenic fungal species. Biological control agents employ various strategies to weaken their targets, as shown by Bacillus species, which adopt various mechanisms, including the production of bioactive compounds, to inhibit the growth of F. graminearum. Various efforts to uncover the antagonistic mechanisms of Bacillus against F. graminearum have been undertaken and have yielded a plethora of data available in the current literature. This perspective article attempts to provide a unified record of these interesting findings. The authors provide background knowledge on the use of Bacillus as a biocontrol agent as well as details on techniques and tools for studying the antagonistic mechanism of Bacillus against F. graminearum. Emphasizing its potential as a future biological control agent with extensive use, the authors encourage future studies on Bacillus as a useful antagonist of F. graminearum and other plant pathogens. It is also recommended to take advantage of the newly invented analytical platforms for studying biochemical processes to understand the mechanism of action of Bacillus against plant pathogens in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khayalethu Ntushelo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Science Campus, University of South Africa, Corner Christiaan De Wet and Pioneer Avenue, Private Bag X6, Florida 1709, Guateng, South Africa.
| | - Lesiba Klaas Ledwaba
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Science Campus, University of South Africa, Corner Christiaan De Wet and Pioneer Avenue, Private Bag X6, Florida 1709, Guateng, South Africa.
- Agricultural Research Council-Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, Tshwane, South Africa.
| | - Molemi Evelyn Rauwane
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Science Campus, University of South Africa, Corner Christiaan De Wet and Pioneer Avenue, Private Bag X6, Florida 1709, Guateng, South Africa.
| | - Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Corner Siemert and Louisa Street, Doornfontein 2028, Gauteng, South Africa.
| | - Patrick Berka Njobeh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Corner Siemert and Louisa Street, Doornfontein 2028, Gauteng, South Africa.
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Naughton PJ, Marchant R, Naughton V, Banat IM. Microbial biosurfactants: current trends and applications in agricultural and biomedical industries. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:12-28. [PMID: 30828919 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic surfactants are becoming increasingly unpopular in many applications due to previously disregarded effects on biological systems and this has led to a new focus on replacing such products with biosurfactants that are biodegradable and produced from renewal resources. Microbially derived biosurfactants have been investigated in numerous studies in areas including: increasing feed digestibility in an agricultural context, improving seed protection and fertility, plant pathogen control, antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm activity, wound healing and dermatological care, improved oral cavity care, drug delivery systems and anticancer treatments. The development of the potential of biosurfactants has been hindered somewhat by the myriad of approaches taken in their investigations, the focus on pathogens as source species and the costs associated with large-scale production. Here, we focus on various microbial sources of biosurfactants and the current trends in terms of agricultural and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Naughton
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, UK
| | - R Marchant
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, UK
| | - V Naughton
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, UK
| | - I M Banat
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, UK
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Xiu P, Liu R, Zhang D, Sun C. Bacterial Aggregation Assay in the Presence of Cyclic Lipopeptides. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2686. [PMID: 34179236 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopeptides is an important class of biosurfactants having antimicrobial and anti-adhesive activity against pathogenic bacteria. These include surfactin, fengycin, iturin, bacillomycin, mycosubtilin, lichenysin, and pumilacidin ( Arima et al., 1968 ; Naruse et al., 1990 ; Yakimov et al., 1995 ; Steller and Vater, 2000; Roongsawang et al., 2002 ; Vater et al., 2002 ). To date, none of these lipopeptides have been reported to possess any anti-motility activity. We isolated, purified and characterized two novel cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) from Bacillus sp. 176 using high performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. CLPs dramatically suppress the motility of pathogenic bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus 178, and promote cellular aggregation without inducing cell death. Cell aggregation assay was performed with the modification according to methods described by Dalili for anti-biofilm assay ( Dalili et al., 2015 ). In future, this assay can be adapted to test both the cell aggregation and anti-biofilm activity of lipopeptide-like active substances derived from bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Dechao Zhang
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaomin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Pumilacidin-Like Lipopeptides Derived from Marine Bacterium Bacillus sp. Strain 176 Suppress the Motility of Vibrio alginolyticus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00450-17. [PMID: 28389538 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00450-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial motility is a crucial factor during the invasion and colonization processes of pathogens, which makes it an attractive therapeutic drug target. Here, we isolated a marine bacterium (Vibrio alginolyticus strain 178) from a seamount in the tropical West Pacific that exhibits vigorous motility on agar plates and severe pathogenicity to zebrafish. We found that V. alginolyticus 178 motility was significantly suppressed by another marine bacterium, Bacillus sp. strain 176, isolated from the same niche. We isolated, purified, and characterized two different cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) from Bacillus sp. 176 using high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The two related CLPs have a pumilacidin-like structure and were both effective inhibitors of V. alginolyticus 178 motility. The CLPs differ by only one methylene group in their fatty acid chains. In addition to motility suppression, the CLPs also induced cell aggregation in the medium and reduced adherence of V. alginolyticus 178 to glass substrates. Notably, upon CLP treatment, the expression levels of two V. alginolyticus flagellar assembly genes (flgA and flgP) dropped dramatically. Moreover, the CLPs inhibited biofilm formation in several other strains of pathogenic bacteria without inducing cell death. This study indicates that CLPs from Bacillus sp. 176 show promise as antimicrobial lead compounds targeting bacterial motility and biofilm formation with a low potential for eliciting antibiotic resistance.IMPORTANCE Pathogenic bacteria often require motility to establish infections and subsequently spread within host organisms. Thus, motility is an attractive therapeutic target for the development of novel antibiotics. We found that cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) produced by marine bacterium Bacillus sp. strain 176 dramatically suppress the motility of the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus strain 178, reduce biofilm formation, and promote cellular aggregation without inducing cell death. These findings suggest that CLPs hold great promise as potential drug candidates targeting bacterial motility and biofilm formation with a low overall potential for triggering antibiotic resistance.
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Govarthanan M, Mythili R, Selvankumar T, Kamala-Kannan S, Choi D, Chang YC. Isolation and characterization of a biosurfactant-producing heavy metal resistant Rahnella sp. RM isolated from chromium-contaminated soil. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-016-0652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sajitha KL, Dev SA, Maria Florence EJ. Identification and Characterization of Lipopeptides from Bacillus subtilis B1 Against Sapstain Fungus of Rubberwood Through MALDI-TOF-MS and RT-PCR. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:46-53. [PMID: 27004481 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is a potent biocontrol agent producing a wide array of antifungal lipopeptides for the inhibition of fungal growth. B. subtilis B1 isolated from market-available compost provided an efficient control of rubberwood sapstain fungus, Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The current study is aimed to identify and characterize the lipopeptides responsible for the biocontrol of rubberwood sapstain fungus by Bacillus subtilis B1. The bacterial whole-cell surface extract from the dual culture of B. subtilis B1 and sapstain fungus (L. theobromae) was analysed using MALDI-TOF-MS. The protonated as well as sodium, potassium adducts of homologues of iturin C, surfactin, bacillomycin D and fengycin A and B were identified and expression of the lipopeptide biosynthetic genes could be confirmed through RT-PCR. This is the first report of mycobacillin and trimethylsilyl derivative of bacilysin during antagonism through MALDI-TOF-MS. MALDI-TOF-MS with RT-PCR offered easy platforms to characterize the antifungal lipopeptides. The identification of antifungal lipopeptides can lead to the formulation of prospective biocontrol by-products which have wide-scale utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Sajitha
- Forest Health Division, Forest Pathology Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Suma Arun Dev
- Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Division, Forest Biotechnology Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
| | - E J Maria Florence
- Forest Health Division, Forest Pathology Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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Guo S, Li X, He P, Ho H, Wu Y, He Y. Whole-genome sequencing of Bacillus subtilis XF-1 reveals mechanisms for biological control and multiple beneficial properties in plants. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 42:925-37. [PMID: 25860123 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis XF-1 is a gram-positive, plant-associated bacterium that stimulates plant growth and produces secondary metabolites that suppress soil-borne plant pathogens. In particular, it is especially highly efficient at controlling the clubroot disease of cruciferous crops. Its 4,061,186-bp genome contains an estimated 3853 protein-coding sequences and the 1155 genes of XF-1 are present in most genome-sequenced Bacillus strains: 3757 genes in B. subtilis 168, and 1164 in B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42. Analysis using the Cluster of Orthologous Groups database of proteins shows that 60 genes control bacterial mobility, 221 genes are related to cell wall and membrane biosynthesis, and more than 112 are genes associated with secondary metabolites. In addition, the genes contributed to the strain's plant colonization, bio-control and stimulation of plant growth. Sequencing of the genome is a fundamental step for developing a desired strain to serve as an efficient biological control agent and plant growth stimulator. Similar to other members of the taxon, XF-1 has a genome that contains giant gene clusters for the non-ribosomal synthesis of antifungal lipopeptides (surfactin and fengycin), the polyketides (macrolactin and bacillaene), the siderophore bacillibactin, and the dipeptide bacilysin. There are two synthesis pathways for volatile growth-promoting compounds. The expression of biosynthesized antibiotic peptides in XF-1 was revealed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengye Guo
- Faculty of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
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Chen H, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Zhu W. Identification of Antifungal Peptides fromBacillus subtilisBS-918. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.928882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wang Y, Zhu X, Bie X, Lu F, Zhang C, Yao S, Lu Z. Preparation of microcapsules containing antimicrobial lipopeptide from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ES-2 by spray drying. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Roy A, Mahata D, Paul D, Korpole S, Franco OL, Mandal SM. Purification, biochemical characterization and self-assembled structure of a fengycin-like antifungal peptide from Bacillus thuringiensis strain SM1. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:332. [PMID: 24312083 PMCID: PMC3836021 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An antifungal lipopeptide fengycin, producing strain SM1 was isolated from farm land soil sample and identified as Bacillus thuringiensis strain SM1 by using 16S rDNA analysis. Fengycin detected in the culture extract was further purified using HPLC and showed a molecular mass of 1492.8 Da by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. Purified fengycin was allowed to construct their self-assembled structure onto a hydrophobic surface showing a clear improvement of antibacterial activity. In self-assembly, fengycin adapts a spherical micelle core shell like structure. Self-assembled fengycin may be a successful antimicrobial compound modifying its action from confined antifungal function. Besides it can open up a new area of research in supramolecular lipopeptide based compound making. This can revealed the mode of action of this unique self-assembled structure to fully evaluate its potential for use as an antimicrobial drug to control the emergence of bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Roy
- Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, India
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Slivinski CT, Mallmann E, de Araújo JM, Mitchell DA, Krieger N. Production of surfactin by Bacillus pumilus UFPEDA 448 in solid-state fermentation using a medium based on okara with sugarcane bagasse as a bulking agent. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Yuan J, Raza W, Huang Q, Shen Q. The ultrasound-assisted extraction and identification of antifungal substances fromB. amyloliquefaciensstrain NJN-6 suppressingFusarium oxysporum. J Basic Microbiol 2012; 52:721-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Honma M, Tanaka K, Konno K, Tsuge K, Okuno T, Hashimoto M. Termination of the structural confusion between plipastatin A1 and fengycin IX. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3793-8. [PMID: 22609073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plipastatin A1 and fengycin IX were experimentally proven to be identical compounds, while these had been considered as diastereomers due to the permutation of the enantiomeric pair of Tyr in most papers. The (1)H NMR spectrum changed to become quite similar to that of plipastatin A1, when the sample which provided resembled spectrum of fengycin IX was treated with KOAc followed by LH-20 gel filtration. Our structural investigations disclosed that the structures of these molecules should be settled into that of plipastatin A1 by Umezawa (L-Tyr4 and D-Tyr10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Honma
- Department of Agriculture and Bioscience, Hirosaki University, 3-Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
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Sriram MI, Kalishwaralal K, Deepak V, Gracerosepat R, Srisakthi K, Gurunathan S. Biofilm inhibition and antimicrobial action of lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by heavy metal tolerant strain Bacillus cereus NK1. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 85:174-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Huang X, Suo J, Cui Y. Optimization of Antimicrobial Activity of Surfactin and Polylysine Against Salmonella enteritidis in Milk Evaluated by a Response Surface Methodology. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011; 8:439-43. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xianqing Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Suo
- Zhengzhou College of Animal Husbandry Engineering, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Cui
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
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Production and characterization of fengycin by indigenous Bacillus subtilis F29-3 originating from a potato farm. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:4526-38. [PMID: 21151454 PMCID: PMC3000098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11114526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fengycin, a lipopeptide biosurfactant, was produced by indigenous Bacillus subtilis F29-3 isolated from a potato farm. Although inhibiting the growth of filamentous fungi, the fengycin is ineffective against yeast and bacteria. In this study, fengycin was isolated from fermentation broth of B. subtilis F29-3 via acidic precipitation (pH 2.0 with 5 N HCl) followed by purification using ultrafiltration and nanofiltration. The purified fengycin product was characterized qualitatively by using fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight, followed by quantitative analysis using reversed-phase HPLC system. This study also attempted to increase fengycin production by B. subtilis F29-3 in order to optimize the fermentation medium constituents. The fermentation medium composition was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to increase fengycin production from B. subtilis F29-3. According to results of the five-level four-factor central composite design, the composition of soybean meal, NaNO3, MnSO4·4H2O, mannitol-mannitol, soybean meal-mannitol, soybean meal-soybean meal, NaNO3-NaNO3 and MnSO4·4H2O-MnSO4·4H2O significantly affected production. The simulation model produced a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9043, capable of accounting for 90.43% variability of the data. Results of the steepest ascent and central composite design indicated that 26.2 g/L of mannitol, 21.9 g/L of soybean meal, 3.1 g/L of NaNO3 and 0.2 g/L of MnSO4·4H2O represented the optimal medium composition, leading to the highest production of fengycin. Furthermore, the optimization strategy increased the fengycin production from 1.2 g/L to 3.5 g/L.
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Janek T, Łukaszewicz M, Rezanka T, Krasowska A. Isolation and characterization of two new lipopeptide biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens BD5 isolated from water from the Arctic Archipelago of Svalbard. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:6118-6123. [PMID: 20303744 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.02.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The arctic freshwater bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens BD5 produces biosurfactants when grown on 2% glucose. Crude biosurfactants were extracted from a cell-free culture supernatant with ethyl acetate and purified by preparative reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The chemical structure of the purified biosurfactants, pseudofactin I and II, was analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI TOF) mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Both compounds are novel cyclic lipopeptides with a palmitic acid connected to the terminal amino group of eighth amino acid in peptide moiety. The C-terminal carboxylic group of the last amino acid (Val or Leu) forms a lactone with the hydroxyl of Thr3. Pseudofactin II reduced the surface tension of water from 72 mN/m to 31.5 mN/m at a concentration of 72 mg/l. Its emulsification activity and stability was greater than that of the synthetic surfactants Tween 20 and Triton X-100; pseudofactins thus have a great potential for application in industrial fields such as bioremediation or biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Janek
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 51 148, Poland.
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Isolation, purification, and characterization of novel fengycin S from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LSC04 degrading-crude oil. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-0037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Separation and extraction of antimicrobial lipopeptides produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ES-2 with macroporous resin. Eur Food Res Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-010-1271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Bie X, Lu Z, Lu F. Identification of fengycin homologues from Bacillus subtilis with ESI-MS/CID. J Microbiol Methods 2009; 79:272-8. [PMID: 19781583 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis fmbJ (CGMCC no.0943) was used to produce lipopeptides antibiotics fengycin. The fengycin mixture was precipitated with 6N HCl and extracted by methanol. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry/collision-induced dissociation (ESI-MS/CID) were used to analyze the fengycin mixture. In the ESI-MS/CID spectra of fengycin molecular ions, production ions (m/z 1080, m/z 966, m/z 1108 and m/z 994) were always detected. Therefore, these production ions (m/z 1080, m/z 966, m/z 1108 and m/z 994) could be used as fingerprints to quickly detect fengycin A and fengycin B. By the method of ESI-MS/CID, six homologues of fengycin A with C14 to 19 and four homologues of fengycin B with C14 to 17 were characterized. The method will be useful for rapidly determining whether a strain produces fengycin homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, 1 Weigang Nanjing 210095, PR China
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23
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Lee SC, Lee SJ, Kim SH, Park IH, Lee YS, Chung SY, Choi YL. Characterization of new biosurfactant produced by Klebsiella sp. Y6-1 isolated from waste soybean oil. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:2288-92. [PMID: 17596933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2007] [Revised: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
To obtain predominant bacteria degrading crude oil, we isolated some bacteria from waste soybean oil. Isolated bacterial strain had a marked tributyrin (C4:0) degrading activity as developed clear zone around the colony after incubation for 24h at 37 degrees C. It was identified as Klebsiella sp. Y6-1 by analysis of 16S rRNA gene. Crude biosurfactant was extracted from the culture supernatant of Klebsiella sp. Y6-1 by organic solvent (methanol:chloroform:1-butanol) after vacuum freeze drying and the extracted biosurfactant was purified by silica gel column chromatography. When the purified biosurfactant dropped, it formed degrading zone on crude oil plate. When a constituent element of the purified biosurfactant was analyzed by TLC and SDS-PAGE, it was composed of peptides and lipid. The emulsification activity and stability of biosurfactant was measured by using hydrocarbons and crude oil. The emulsification activity and stability of the biosurfactant showed better than the chemically synthesized surfactant. It reduced the surface tension of water from 72 to 32 mN/m at a concentration of 40 mg/l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Cheol Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
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24
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Huang X, Wei Z, Zhao G, Gao X, Yang S, Cui Y. Optimization of Sterilization of Escherichia coli in Milk by Surfactin and Fengycin Using a Response Surface Method. Curr Microbiol 2007; 56:376-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-007-9066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Optimization of Inactivation of Endospores of Bacillus cereus in Milk by Surfactin and Fengycin Using a Response Surface Method. Int J Pept Res Ther 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-007-9103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Lee SC, Kim SH, Park IH, Chung SY, Choi YL. Isolation and structural analysis of bamylocin A, novel lipopeptide from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LP03 having antagonistic and crude oil-emulsifying activity. Arch Microbiol 2007; 188:307-12. [PMID: 17530228 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-007-0250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 03/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain LP03 isolated from soil, produced an antagonistic compound that strongly inhibited the growth of plant-pathogenic fungi and a lipopeptide biosurfactant. Also, isolated strain LP03 had a marked crude oil-emulsifying activity as it developed a clear zone around the colony after incubation for 24 h at 37 degrees C. LP03 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by analysis of partial 16 S rRNA gene and partial gyrA gene sequence. The lipopeptide was purified by acid precipitation of cell-free culture broth, extraction of the precipitates with methanol, silica gel column chromatography, and reverse-phase, high-pressure liquid chromatography. The purified biosurfactant was analyzed biochemical structure by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The masses of the two peaks were observed by HPLC chromatography. Their masses were determined to be 1,044 and 1,058 m/z with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. As constituents of the peptide and lipophilic part of the m/z 1,022.6, seven amino acids (Glu-Leu-Met-Leu-Pro-Leu-Leu) and beta-hydroxy-C13 fatty acid were determined by ESI-MS/MS. The lipopeptide of 1,022.6 Da differed from surfactins in the substitution of leucine, valine and aspartic acid in positions 3, 4, and 5 by methionine, leucine, and proline, respectively. Novel lipopeptide was designated as bamylocin A.
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MESH Headings
- Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification
- Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
- Bacillus/chemistry
- Bacillus/classification
- Bacillus/isolation & purification
- Chemical Fractionation
- Chromatography, Gel
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- DNA Gyrase/genetics
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Emulsifying Agents/isolation & purification
- Emulsifying Agents/pharmacology
- Fatty Acids/analysis
- Fungi/drug effects
- Korea
- Lipoproteins/isolation & purification
- Lipoproteins/pharmacology
- Molecular Weight
- Petroleum/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
- Soil Microbiology
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Cheol Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea
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27
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Hu LB, Shi ZQ, Zhang T, Yang ZM. Fengycin antibiotics isolated from B-FS01 culture inhibit the growth of Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon ATCC 38932. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2007; 272:91-8. [PMID: 17490402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain B-FS01, isolated from rape (Brassica napus) stem infected by Slerotinia sclerotiorum and identified as Bacillus subtilis, exhibited predominantly antagonistic activities against Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon ATCC 38932. Antifungal active compounds (AAC) were isolated and purified from the cultures of strain B-FS01 against ATCC 38932. The HPLC/electron spray ionization/collision-induced dissociation mass spectrum of AAC revealed a cluster of fengycin homologues containing fengycins A, fengycins B and a new type of fengycin. Further toxic assay of AAC in vitro against F. moniliforme indicated that AAC could strongly inhibit the growth of both mycelia and spores. In addition, treatment with AAC significantly modified the maize seed infection by ATCC 38932.
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MESH Headings
- Antifungal Agents/chemistry
- Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification
- Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
- Bacillus subtilis/classification
- Bacillus subtilis/isolation & purification
- Bacillus subtilis/metabolism
- Brassica napus/microbiology
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Fusarium/drug effects
- Fusarium/growth & development
- Genes, rRNA
- Lipopeptides
- Lipoproteins/chemistry
- Lipoproteins/isolation & purification
- Lipoproteins/pharmacology
- Mass Spectrometry
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mycelium/drug effects
- Mycelium/growth & development
- Phylogeny
- Plant Stems/microbiology
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Spores, Fungal/drug effects
- Spores, Fungal/growth & development
- Zea mays/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Bin Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Huang X, Lu Z, Bie X, Lü F, Zhao H, Yang S. Optimization of inactivation of endospores of Bacillus cereus by antimicrobial lipopeptides from Bacillus subtilis fmbj strains using a response surface method. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 74:454-61. [PMID: 17043814 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Revised: 09/10/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis fmbj can produce a lipopeptide antimicrobial substance, the main components of which are surfactin and fengycin. In this paper, the sensitivity of Bacillus cereus to antimicrobial lipopeptides from B. subtilis fmbj was observed, and the effect of the microstructure of antimicrobial lipopeptide on spores of B. cereus was investigated. At the same time, the optimization of the inactivation of antimicrobial lipopeptides to spores of B. cereus by a response surface methodology was studied. Results showed that B. cereus had high sensitivity to it, whose minimal inhibitory concentration was 156.25 microg/ml. It could result in the death of spores by destroying the structure of resting spores and sprouting spores, as was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The optimization result indicated that spores of B. cereus could be inactivated by 2 orders of magnitude when the temperature was 29.6 degrees C, the action time was 7.6 h, and the concentration was 3.46 mg.ml(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqing Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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29
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Abstract
Bacteria and fungi use large multifunctional enzymes, the so-called nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), to produce peptides of broad structural and biological activity. Biochemical studies have contributed substantially to the understanding of the key principles of these modular enzymes that can draw on a much larger number of catalytic tools for the incorporation of unusual features compared with the ribosomal system. Several crystal structures of NRPS-domains have yielded deep insight into the catalytic mechanisms involved and have led to a better prediction of the products assembled and to the construction of hybrid enzymes. In addition to the structure-function relationship of the core- and tailoring-domains of NRPSs, which is the main focus of this review, different biosynthetic strategies and essential enzymes for posttranslational modification and editing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Finking
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie/Biochemie, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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30
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Sieber SA, Walsh CT, Marahiel MA. Loading peptidyl-coenzyme A onto peptidyl carrier proteins: a novel approach in characterizing macrocyclization by thioesterase domains. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:10862-6. [PMID: 12952465 DOI: 10.1021/ja0361852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a new experimental approach to characterize recombinant nonribosomal peptide cyclases that do not show activity with conventional N-acetylcysteamine (SNAC) substrates. To explore the great potential of these domains for the catalysis of cell-free cyclization reactions, the new strategy takes advantage of the direct interaction between the natural substrate where the peptide chain is attached to the phosphopantetheine arm of the peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) and the peptide cyclase. A prerequisite for this reaction is the promiscuity of the Bacillus subtilis phosphopantetheinyl transferase Sfp for loading chemically synthesized peptidyl-coenzyme A substrates instead of the smaller natural substrate coenzyme A (CoASH) onto apoPCP. With this novel method we were able to characterize the regioselectivity of branched-chain cyclization catalyzed by the fengycin cyclase, which displays no activity with peptidyl-SNAC substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan A Sieber
- Fachbereich Chemie/Biochemie, Philipps-Univerität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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