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Flieger J, Tatarczak-Michalewska M, Blicharska E. Characterization of the cis/trans Isomerization of Resveratrol by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1178756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Wu YT, Wu MT, Lin CC, Chien CF, Tsai TH. Pharmacokinetic Studies of Chinese Medicinal Herbs Using an Automated Blood Sampling System and Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectrometry. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 2:33-40. [PMID: 24716112 PMCID: PMC3943008 DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety of herbal products is one of the major concerns for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, and pharmacokinetic data of medicinal herbs guide us to design the rational use of the herbal formula. This article reviews the advantages of the automated blood sampling (ABS) systems for pharmacokinetic studies. In addition, three commonly used sample preparative methods, protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction, are introduced. Furthermore, the definition, causes and evaluation of matrix effects in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis are demonstrated. Finally, we present our previous works as practical examples of the application of ABS systems and LC/MS for the pharmacokinetic studies of Chinese medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tse Wu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Lin
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Feng Chien
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Lin LC, Li SH, Wu YT, Kuo KL, Tsai TH. Pharmacokinetics and urine metabolite identification of dehydroevodiamine in the rat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:1595-1604. [PMID: 22283510 DOI: 10.1021/jf204365m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the oral bioavailability and characterizes urine metabolites of dehydroevodiamine (DeHE), one of the bioactive alkaloids isolated from the fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa . A freely moving rat model coupled with an automated blood sample system was used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of DeHE. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry were applied to determine DeHE and its metabolites. The averaged oral bioavailability of DeHE (100 and 500 mg/kg) in the freely moving rats was approximately 15.35%. Cumulative fecal and urinary excretions of unchanged DeHE were 6 and 0.5%, respectively, after a single oral dose (500 mg/kg) of DeHE. The protein binding of DeHE in rat plasma was 65.6 ± 6.5%. Six metabolites, including five DeHE-O-glucuronides and one DeHE-sulfate, were identified after oral administration. The structures of two glucuronide conjugates, DeHE-10-O-glucuronide (M3) and DeHE-11-O-glucuronide (M4), and one sulfate conjugate, DeHE-12-sulfate (M6), were assigned. The findings indicate that the oral bioavailability of DeHE was much higher than that of evodiamine, and hydroxylation and conjugative metabolism were essential for the urinary elimination of DeHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie-Chwen Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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4
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Casella IG, Ritorti M. Chromatographic separations and liquid phase extraction/concentration of some polyphenolic compounds: a comparison between reverse phase and cation-exchange chromatography. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2011; 3:575-581. [PMID: 32938075 DOI: 10.1039/c0ay00496k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chromatographic performance based on the use of a C18 reverse phase and a LC-SCX cation-exchange column associated with UV absorption at 280 nm is optimized and compared for the simultaneous determination of resveratrol and other polyphenolic compounds with the aim to establish the best experimental conditions for the trace analysis of these substances. Under the optimized chromatographic conditions using a gradient acid mobile phase and acetonitrile as a modifier solvent, the elution of all injected compounds was completed in about 30 min of analysis and the detection limits (LOD) ranged between 20 nM and 120 nM. The regression analysis for most of the analyzed compounds shows linear ranges spanning over five orders of magnitude with correlation coefficients always ≥0.98. A liquid-liquid extraction procedure was optimized using three different extracting solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ether, and dichloromethane. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of the water/organic solvent was modulated by addition of NaCl salt. In order to ascertain the analytical potentialities of the investigated method, and in particular the performance of the extraction procedure, a wide variety of selected red wines were analysed. The average recoveries ranged between 73% and 103% for the analysed molecules, indicating both the practical absence of interfering peaks on the chromatographic separation and an appreciable capacity of extraction of polyphenolic acids from the wine matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocenzo G Casella
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Mariagiovanna Ritorti
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
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Wang N, Ko SH, Chai W, Li G, Barrett EJ, Tao L, Cao W, Liu Z. Resveratrol recruits rat muscle microvasculature via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism that is blocked by TNFα. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 300:E195-201. [PMID: 20978231 PMCID: PMC3023212 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00414.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in many plants, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. It also improves endothelial function and may be cardioprotective. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) causes oxidative stress and microvascular endothelial dysfunction. Whether resveratrol affects microvascular function in vivo and, if so, whether inflammatory cytokines antagonize its microvascular action are not clear. In cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), resveratrol (100 nM) increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt), endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), and ERK1/2 within 15 min by more than twofold, and this effect lasted for at least 2 h. Treatment of BAECs with TNFα (10 ng/ml) significantly increased the NADPH oxidase activity and the production of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Pretreatment of cells with resveratrol (100 nM) prevented each of these. Injection (ip) of resveratrol in rats potently increased muscle microvascular blood volume (MBV; P = 0.007) and flow (MBF; P < 0.02) within 30 min, and this was sustained for at least 2 h. The phosphorylation of Akt in liver or muscle was unchanged. Superimposed systemic infusion of L-NAME (NOS inhibitor) completely abolished resveratrol-induced increases in MBV and MBF. Similarly, systemic infusion of TNFα prevented resveratrol-induced muscle microvascular recruitment. In conclusion, resveratrol activates eNOS and increases muscle microvascular recruitment via an NO-dependent mechanism. Despite the potent antioxidant effect of resveratrol, TNFα at concentrations that block insulin-mediated muscle microvascular recruitment completely neutralized resveratrol's microvascular action. Thus, chronic inflammation, as seen in type 2 diabetes, may limit resveratrol's vasodilatory actions on muscle microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasui Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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6
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Bernardes CD, Poppi RJ, Sena MM. Direct determination of trans-resveratrol in human plasma by spectrofluorimetry and second-order standard addition. Talanta 2010; 82:640-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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7
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Ren JJ, Liu HY, Hao YH, He PG, Fang YZ. Determination of resveratrol in red wine by solid phase extraction-flow injection chemiluminescence method. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2007.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Wu YT, Chen YF, Hsieh YJ, Jaw I, Shiao MS, Tsai TH. Bioavailability of salvianolic acid B in conscious and freely moving rats. Int J Pharm 2006; 326:25-31. [PMID: 16905282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2006] [Revised: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 07/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B is an herbal ingredient isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. The aim of this study was to apply an automated blood sampling system coupled to a simple liquid chromatographic system to determine the bioavailability of salvianolic acid B in stress-free rats. The plasma sample (25 microl) was vortex-mixed with 50 microl of internal standard solution (chloramphenicol 10 microg/ml in acetonitrile) to achieve protein precipitation. Salvianolic acid B in the rat plasma was separated using a reversed-phase C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-methanol-20mM NaH(2)PO(4) (adjusted to pH 3.5 with H(3)PO(4)) (20:10:70 v/v/v) containing 0.1mM 1-octanesulfonic acid, and the flow-rate of 1 ml/min. The UV detection wavelength was 286 nm. The concentration-response relationship from the present method indicated linearity over a concentration range of 0.5-200 microg/ml. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy of salvianolic acid B fell well within the predefined limits of acceptability (<15%). The plasma sample of salvianolic acid B was further identified by LC-MS/MS in the negative ion mode using mass transition m/z 358.2 to the product ion m/z 196.9. After salvianolic acid B (100mg/kg, i.v.; 500 mg/kg, p.o.) was given in conscious and freely moving rats, the AUC were 5030+/-565 and 582+/-222 min microg/ml for intravenous (100 mg/kg) and oral (500 mg/kg) doses, respectively. The oral bioavailability of salvianolic acid B in freely moving rats was calculated to be 2.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tse Wu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Li-Nong Street Section 2, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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9
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Wang SC, Ho LK, Yen JC, Tsai TH. An automated blood sampling system to measure lovastatin level in plasma and faeces. Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 20:911-6. [PMID: 16389644 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an automated sampling method to measure lovastatin in a conscious and freely moving rat. The blood samples were collected by means of the automated blood sampling system DR-II and the faecal samples were collected using a metabolic cage. The concentration of lovastatin was determined by a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic system with a UV absorbance detector. The mobile phase contained acetonitrile and 10 mm NaH2PO4 in the proportions 60:40 (v/v) with a flow-rate of 1 mL/min. The calibration curve was linear in concentration ranges of 0.05-100 and 0.1-100 microg/mL for lovastatin in blood and faecal samples, respectively. Following pharmacokinetic analysis, we identified that the maximum plasma concentration was around 1.18 +/- 0.08 microg/mL at concentration peak time 120 min and almost 78% of loading dose was accumulated in the faeces within 48 h after lovastatin administration (500 mg/kg, p.o.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shau-Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
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Zhu Y, Chiang H, Wulster-Radcliffe M, Hilt R, Wong P, Kissinger CB, Kissinger PT. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of carbamazepine and its main metabolite in rat plasma utilizing an automated blood sampling system. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 38:119-25. [PMID: 15907629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2004] [Revised: 11/25/2004] [Accepted: 11/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of carbamazepine and its main metabolite carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide in rat plasma is described. The method consists of a liquid-liquid extraction procedure and electrospray LC/MS/MS analysis. The chromatographic separation was achieved within 5 min using a C(8) (150 mm x 2.1mm) 5 microm column with a mobile phase composed of water/acetonitrile/acetic acid (69.5:30:0.5, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min. D(10)-carbamazepine is used as the internal standard for all compounds. Analytes were determined by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the positive ion mode using selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Carbamazepine was monitored by scanning m/z 237-->194, carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide by m/z 253-->210 and d(10)-carbamazepine by m/z 247-->204. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) is 5 ng/ml for each analyte, based on 0.1 ml aliquots of rat plasma. The extraction recovery of analytes from rat plasma was over 87%. Intra-day and inter-day assay coefficients of variations were in the range of 2.6-9.5 and 4.0-9.6%, respectively. Linearity is observed over the range of 5-2000 ng/ml. This method was used for pharmacokinetic studies of carbamazepine and carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide in response to two different blood sampling techniques (i.e., manual sampling versus automated sampling) in the rat. Several differences between the two sampling techniques suggest that the method of blood collection needs to be considered in the evaluation of pharmacokinetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Zhu
- Bioanalytical Systems, Inc., 2701 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
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11
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Lin LC, Yang KY, Chen YF, Wang SC, Tsai TH. Measurement of daphnoretin in plasma of freely moving rat by liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1073:285-9. [PMID: 15909531 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Daphnoretin (7-hydroxyl-6-methoxy-3,7'-dicoumaryl ether), isolated from Wikstronemia indica C.A. Mey. (Thymelaceae), has been reported to induce rabbit platelet aggregation through protein kinase C activation and anticancer activity. In this study, we developed an automated blood sampling system coupled to a simple and sensitive HPLC system to determine plasma concentration of daphnoretin in rats. This method was applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of daphnoretin in a freely moving rat. Separation of daphnoretin in the rat plasma was achieved using a reversed-phase C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) with a mobile phase of methanol-10 mM NaH2PO4 (adjusted to pH 3.0 with H3PO4) (55:45, v/v), and the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The UV detector was set at 345 nm. The automated blood sampling system (DR-II has been applied for blood sampling in a conscious and freely moving rat. The blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 x g for 10 min and the plasma samples were then deproteinized by acetonitrile containing an internal standard (khellin 1 microg/ml). After centrifugation (8000 x g for 10 min), the aliquot of supernatant was injected into the HPLC system for analysis. The concentration-response relationship from the present method indicated linearity over a concentration range of 0.05-1.00 and 1.00-100 microg/ml. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy of daphnoretin fell well within the predefined limits of acceptability (< or = 15%). After daphnoretin (500 mg/kg) was given orally, the maximum concentration was 0.17 microg/ml at the time of 5 min. The oral bioavailability was about 0.15%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie-Chwen Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, 155-1, Li-Nong Street Section 2, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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12
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Direct analysis of trans-resveratrol in red wine by high performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescent detection. Food Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Kolouchová-Hanzlı́ková I, Melzoch K, Filip V, Šmidrkal J. Rapid method for resveratrol determination by HPLC with electrochemical and UV detections in wines. Food Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Huang T, Garceau ME, Gao P. Liquid chromatographic determination of residual hydrogen peroxide in pharmaceutical excipients using platinum and wired enzyme electrodes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 31:1203-10. [PMID: 12667936 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is a chemically reactive reagent that can oxidize and degrade many pharmaceutical compounds under normal conditions. Unfortunately, H(2)O(2) is often introduced into pharmaceutical excipients during manufacturing and it may significantly affect the chemical stability of drugs in formulations. Thus, a sensitive analytical method for determination of residual H(2)O(2) in excipients is of importance in formulation development and product quality control. A liquid chromatographic system with a dual channel electrochemical detector (LCEC) was equipped with either a platinum electrode or a wired peroxidase electrode for determination of H(2)O(2). The excipient (0.1 g) was dissolved in 10 ml of mobile phase and 5 microl of the dissolved solution was directly injected. The chromatographic run time for each sample was 1 min with a detection limit of 10 ng/ml (S/N=5) using the platinum electrode and 1 ng/ml (S/N=5) using the wired enzyme coated electrode, respectively. The peak purity was assured by comparing the peak ratios at different potentials for both the standard and the samples. The H(2)O(2) levels in different batches of PVP, PEG, and other surfactants from different manufacturers were determined and the values ranged from 0 to 244 ppm. The LCEC method is exceptionally fast, accurate and convenient for quantitation of low levels of residual H(2)O(2) in pharmaceutical formulation excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiehua Huang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacia Corporation, 301 Henrietta Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA.
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Xie F, Bruntlett CS, Zhu Y, Kissinger CB, Kissinger PT. Good preclinical bioanalytical chemistry requires proper sampling from laboratory animals: automation of blood and microdialysis sampling improves the productivity of LC/MSMS. ANAL SCI 2003; 19:479-85. [PMID: 12725380 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The preclinical bioanalytical process with animal models begins with sampling biological fluids and tissue. The goal is to understand oral absorption kinetics, distribution, metabolism, excretion, blood brain barrier penetration, drug-drug interactions, and the influences on biomarkers, hematology, electrophysiology, cardiology, blood pressure and behavior. An overview is obtained by periodic blood sampling of 8-12 samples over a total time span of 10-24 h. Urine, feces, bile and microdialysates can augment the information available from whole blood. In today's preclinical environment, the majority of samples are processed by LC/MSMS augmented by robotic sample preparation tools. These tools save labor and improve precision for smaller volume/lower concentration samples. Our laboratories have been engaged in a project that is focused on improving both the quality and throughput for laboratory animal studies, while providing for reduced numbers of animals and enhanced animal comfort. We have implemented a robotic system that can accomplish most of the above goals for laboratory rats, dogs and primates. Studies with mice are at an earlier stage, but feasibility has been demonstrated. This presentation is a progress report on this evolving research program in cooperation with multiple pharmaceutical and drug development companies. We will illustrate results and discuss future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuming Xie
- Bioanalytical Systems, Inc. (BASi), 2701 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47906-1382, USA
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16
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Wang CC, Prasain JK, Barnes S. Review of the methods used in the determination of phytoestrogens. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 777:3-28. [PMID: 12270197 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interest in analytical methods for plant estrogens (phytoestrogens) has risen sharply in the past 10 years. In this review, we examine the existing analytical methods based on separations by gas-liquid chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis in addition to methods of detection by ultraviolet absorption, fluorescence, electrochemical oxidation/reduction and mass spectrometry. These methods are compared with other methods of phytoestrogen analysis utilizing immunoassay approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods are highlighted and potential areas for further development identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Cheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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17
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Tang TC, Deng A, Huang HJ. Immunoassay with a microtiter plate incorporated multichannel electrochemical detection system. Anal Chem 2002; 74:2617-21. [PMID: 12069247 DOI: 10.1021/ac0112925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To extend the application of a multichannel electrochemical detector (MED) for immunoassay, a MED system consisting of 8 sets of Pt electrodes in an arrangement fitted with the dimensions of a row of microtiter wells in a microtiter plate and a microcomputer-assisted 16-channel potentiostat was constructed. With this developed MED system, electroactive enzymatic products produced in eight microtiter wells can be analyzed simultaneously with a developed amperometric procedure. To demonstrate the applicability of the MED system for immunoassay, an immunosystem containing rabbit-IgG and alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat anti rabbit-IgG was studied. From the dynamic range of 10-1000 ng/mL (0.064-6.4 pM) and the detection limit of 1.0 ng/mL (6.4 pM) obtained, the developed MED shows a tremendous improvement in sensitivity, detection limit, and efficiency compared with that obtained from conventional electrochemical immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzyh-Chyang Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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18
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Tian F, Zhu Y, Long H, Cregor M, Xie F, Kissinger CB, Kissinger PT. Liquid chromatography coupled with multi-channel electrochemical detection for the determination of daidzin in rat blood sampled by an automated blood sampling system. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 772:173-7. [PMID: 12016029 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Daidzin, a soy-derived biologically active natural product, has been reported to inhibit mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and suppress ethanol intake. This paper describes a method for the determination of daidzin in rat blood. After administration of daidzin, blood samples were periodically collected from awake, freely moving animals by a Culex automated blood sampler. Daidzin was extracted from 50 microl of diluted blood (blood and saline at a ratio of 1:1) with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was achieved within 12 min using a microbore C(18) (100 x 1.0 mm) 3 microm column with a mobile phase containing 20 mM sodium acetate, 0.25 mM EDTA, pH 4.3, 4% methanol and 11% acetonitrile at a flow-rate of 90 microl/min. Detection was attained using a four-channel electrochemical detector with glassy carbon electrodes using oxidation potentials of +1100, 950, 850, 750 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. The limit of detection for daidzin in rat plasma was 5 ng/ml at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1. The extraction recovery of daidzin from rat plasma was over 74%. Linearity was obtained for the range of 25-1000 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-assay precisions were in the ranges of 2.7-6.6 and 1.9-3.7%, respectively. This method is suitable to routine in vivo monitoring of daidzin in rat plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Tian
- Bioanalytical Systems, Inc., 2701 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
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19
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Lawrence NS, Beckett EL, Davis J, Compton RG. Advances in the voltammetric analysis of small biologically relevant compounds. Anal Biochem 2002; 303:1-16. [PMID: 11906145 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2002.5584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The problems associated with attempting to apply voltammetric techniques to the analysis of biologically relevant organics within complex media are identified and, through reviewing the very recent literature (1999-mid-2001), possible solutions are described. The boundaries of the search were limited to research targeted at the resolution of specific problems, associated with quantitative determinations. Various strategies have emerged to counter problems of poor sensitivity and selectivity and these have been summarized and critically appraised. Where possible, the characteristics of each approach have been distilled into a table format to ease comparison. Emphasis has been placed on the collation of information that will improve the intrinsic electrode response and as such should be of value to those interested in pursuing electroanalytical methodologies regardless of context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S Lawrence
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
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Long H, Zhu Y, Cregor M, Tian F, Coury L, Kissinger CB, Kissinger PT. Liquid chromatography with multi-channel electrochemical detection for the determination of epigallocatechin gallate in rat plasma utilizing an automated blood sampling device. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 763:47-51. [PMID: 11710582 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography method with multi-channel electrochemical detection was developed for the determination of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in rat plasma. After administration of EGCG, blood samples were periodically collected by Culex (an automated blood sampling robot). EGCG was extracted from 50 microl of diluted blood (blood and saline at a ratio of 1:1) with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was achieved within 10 min using a C8 (150x4.6 mm) 5 microm column with a mobile phase containing 20 mM sodium monochloroacetate, pH 2.8 and 12% acetonitrile at a flow-rate of 1.2 ml/min. A four-channel detector with glassy carbon electrodes was used with applied potentials of +700, 600, 500, 400 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. The limit of detection was 2 ng/ml at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1 and the limit of quantitation was 5 ng/ml. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 5-800 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-assay precisions were in the range of 1.3-4.5% and 2.2-4.4%, respectively. Using this method it was possible to determine plasma concentration following a single dose of EGCG to rats with good accuracy and precision. Thus the pharmacokinetic properties of EGCG in rats can be examined for intravenous, intraperitoneal and oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Long
- Bioanalytical Systems, Inc., West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
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Soleas GJ, Yan J, Goldberg DM. Ultrasensitive assay for three polyphenols (catechin, quercetin and resveratrol) and their conjugates in biological fluids utilizing gas chromatography with mass selective detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 757:161-72. [PMID: 11419741 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations of three polyphenols ((+)-catechin, quercetin and trans-resveratrol) in blood serum, plasma and urine, as well as whole blood, have been measured after their oral and intragastric administration, respectively, to humans and rats. The method developed for this purpose utilized ethyl acetate extraction of 100 microl samples and their derivatization with bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) followed by gas-chromatographic analysis on a DB-5 column followed by mass selective detection employing two target ions and one qualifier ion for each compound. Total run time was 17 min with excellent resolution and linearity. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were an order of magnitude less than for any previously published method, being 0.01 microg/l and 0.1 microg/l, respectively, for all compounds. Recovery at 1 microg/l and 10 microg/l was >80% in all instances but one, and was >90% in 50%. Imprecision was acceptable at 0.25 and 1.0 microg/l, concentrations below the LOQ of previous methods. Aglycones released from conjugates after hydrolysis were easily measurable. Optimal conditions for hydrolysis were established. After oral administration of the three polyphenols to humans, their conjugates vastly exceeded the concentrations of the aglycones in both plasma and urine. Concentrations peaked within 0.5-1.0 h in plasma and within 8 h in urine. During the first 24 h, 5.1% of the (+)-catechin and 24.6% of the trans-resveratrol given were recovered in the urine (free plus conjugated). This method can be proposed as the method of choice to assay these polyphenols and their conjugates in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Soleas
- Quality Assurance, Liquor Control Board of Ontario, Toronto, Canada
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He H, Kramp R, Ramos L, Bakhtiar R. A preliminary study on the feasibility of an automated blood-sampling system in conjunction with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2001; 15:1768-1772. [PMID: 11555879 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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