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Lu A, Li S. Polysaccharides as a Hydrophilic Building Block of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers for the Conception of Nanocarriers. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:467. [PMID: 38675130 PMCID: PMC11054713 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are gaining increasing attention for their relevance in the production of sustainable materials. In the domain of biomaterials, polysaccharides play an important role as hydrophilic components in the design of amphiphilic block copolymers for the development of drug delivery systems, in particular nanocarriers due to their outstanding biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural versatility. The presence of a reducing end in polysaccharide chains allows for the synthesis of polysaccharide-based block copolymers. Compared with polysaccharide-based graft copolymers, the structure of block copolymers can be more precisely controlled. In this review, the synthesis methods of polysaccharide-based amphiphilic block copolymers are discussed in detail, taking into consideration the structural characteristics of polysaccharides. Various synthetic approaches, including reductive amination, oxime ligation, and other chain-end modification reactions, are explored. This review also focuses on the advantages of polysaccharides as hydrophilic blocks in polymeric nanocarriers. The structure and unique properties of different polysaccharides such as cellulose, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, alginate, and dextran are described along with examples of their applications as hydrophilic segments in the synthesis of amphiphilic copolymers to construct nanocarriers for sustained drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijing Lu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial & NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China;
| | - Suming Li
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR CNRS 5635, Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
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2
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Babu SR, Shekara HH, Sahoo AK, Harsha Vardhan PV, Thiruppathi N, Venkatesh MP. Intranasal nanoparticulate delivery systems for neurodegenerative disorders: a review. Ther Deliv 2023; 14:571-594. [PMID: 37691577 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a significant cause of mortality worldwide, and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a significant challenge for drug delivery. An intranasal route is a prominent approach among the various methods to bypass the BBB. There are different pathways involved in intranasal drug delivery. The drawbacks of this method include mucociliary clearance, enzymatic degradation and poor drug permeation. Novel nanoformulations and intranasal drug-delivery devices offer promising solutions to overcome these challenges. Nanoformulations include polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles, microspheres, liposomes and noisomes. Additionally, intranasal devices could be utilized to enhance drug-delivery efficacy. Therefore, intranasal drug-delivery systems show potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases through trigeminal or olfactory pathways, which can significantly improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Someshbabu Ramesh Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Harshith Hosahalli Shekara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Pyda Venkata Harsha Vardhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Nitheesh Thiruppathi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Madhugiri Prakash Venkatesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kaula Lampur, Malaysia
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Baldelli A, Boraey MA, Oguzlu H, Cidem A, Pascual Rodriguez A, Xin Ong H, Jiang F, Bacca M, Thamboo A, Traini D, Pratap-Singh A. Engineered nasal dry powder for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2300-2308. [PMID: 35452791 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we present the potential of nasal dry powders to deliver stable bioactive compounds and their manufacture using spray-drying (SD) techniques to achieve encapsulation. We also review currently approved and experimental excipients used for powder manufacturing for specific target drugs. Polymers, sugars, and amino acids are recommended for specific actions, such as mucoadhesive interactions, to increase residence time on the nasal mucosa; for example, high-molecular weight polymers, such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, or mannitol, which protect the bioactive compounds, increase their stability, and enhance drug absorption in the nasal mucosa; and leucine, which promotes particle formation and improves aerosol performance. Teaser: XXXX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Baldelli
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, BC, Canada.
| | - Mohammed A Boraey
- Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt; Smart Engineering Systems Research Center (SESC), Nile University, Giza, 12588, Egypt.
| | - Hale Oguzlu
- Department of Forestry, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Aylin Cidem
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | | | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Forestry, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Mattia Bacca
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew Thamboo
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Anubhav Pratap-Singh
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
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4
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A deep eutectic-based, self-emulsifying subcutaneous depot system for apomorphine therapy in Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2110450119. [PMID: 35197281 PMCID: PMC8892321 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110450119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of the central nervous system that affects motor control. While subcutaneous injection of apomorphine (Apokyn) is clinically used to alleviate intermittent episodes of dyskinesia, the treatment requires multiple injections of the drug per day, significantly deterring patient compliance. We introduce a deep eutectic-based ternary solvent system that self-emulsifies in situ following subcutaneous injection and entraps apomorphine, allowing a 48-h duration of detectable drug concentration in the plasma of pigs, which is a remarkable improvement over the clinical comparator. The results from the animal studies support the self-emulsifying system as a potent, long-lasting therapeutic for PD patients and potentially for other therapeutics that have a similar delivery challenge. Apomorphine, a dopamine agonist, is a highly effective therapeutic to prevent intermittent off episodes in advanced Parkinson’s disease. However, its short systemic half-life necessitates three injections per day. Such a frequent dosing regimen imposes a significant compliance challenge, especially given the nature of the disease. Here, we report a deep eutectic-based formulation that slows the release of apomorphine after subcutaneous injection and extends its pharmacokinetics to convert the current three-injections-a-day therapy into an every-other-day therapy. The formulation comprises a homogeneous mixture of a deep eutectic solvent choline-geranate, a cosolvent n-methyl-pyrrolidone, a stabilizer polyethylene glycol, and water, which spontaneously emulsifies into a microemulsion upon injection in the subcutaneous space, thereby entrapping apomorphine and significantly slowing its release. Ex vivo studies with gels and rat skin demonstrate this self-emulsification process as the mechanism of action for sustained release. In vivo pharmacokinetics studies in rats and pigs further confirmed the extended release and improvement over the clinical comparator Apokyn. In vivo pharmacokinetics, supported by a pharmacokinetic simulation, demonstrate that the deep eutectic formulation reported here allows the maintenance of the therapeutic drug concentration in plasma in humans with a dosing regimen of approximately three injections per week compared to the current clinical practice of three injections per day.
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Rajput A, Butani S. Donepezil HCl Liposomes: Development, Characterization, Cytotoxicity, and Pharmacokinetic Study. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:74. [PMID: 35149912 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The current research work aims to study the pharmacokinetic and nasal ciliotoxicity of donepezil liposome-based in situ gel to treat Alzheimer's disease. The physicochemical properties and first-pass metabolism of donepezil HCl result in low concentrations reaching the brain post oral administration. To overcome this problem, donepezil HCl-loaded liposomes were formulated using the ethanol injection method. The donepezil HCl-loaded liposomes were spherical with a size of 103 ± 6.2 nm, polydispersity index of 0.108 ± 0.008, and entrapment efficiency of 93 ± 5.33 %. The optimized in situ gel with donepezil HCl-loaded liposomes showed 80.11 ± 7.77 % drug permeation than donepezil HCl solution-based in situ gel (13.12 ± 4.84 %) across sheep nasal mucosa. The nasal ciliotoxicity study indicated the safety of developed formulation for administration via nasal route. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution study of developed formulation showed higher drug concentration (1239.61 ± 123.60 pg/g) in the brain after nasal administration indicating its better potential via the nasal pathway. To treat Alzheimer's disease, the administration of liposome-based in situ gel through the nasal pathway can therefore be considered as an effective and promising mode of drug delivery.
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Jain H, Prabhakar B, Shende P. Modulation of olfactory area for effective transportation of actives in CNS disorders. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pasupathy R, Pandian P, Selvamuthukumar S. Nanobubbles: A Novel Targeted Drug Delivery System. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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8
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Tang Z, Miao Y, Zhao J, Xiao H, Zhang M, Liu K, Zhang X, Huang L, Chen L, Wu H. Mussel-inspired biocompatible polydopamine/carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylic acid adhesive hydrogels with UV-shielding capacity. CELLULOSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 28:1527-1540. [PMID: 33424143 PMCID: PMC7778394 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-020-03596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are attractive due to their various applications in the fields of biomedical materials, cosmetics, and biosensors. To enhance UV protection and prevent skin penetration behaviors, inspired by the mussel adhesive proteins, the functional polydopamine (PDA) is employed herein to fabricate polydopamine/carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylic acid (PDA/CMC/PAA) adhesive hydrogels. To disperse PDA nanoparticles well in the PAA matrix, dopamine was self-polymerized in CMC solution to form PDA/CMC complex. Acrylic acid was polymerized in PDA/CMC complex solution and cross-linked to construct UV-resistant PDA/CMC/PAA hydrogel. The morphology, rheological behavior, mechanical properties and adhesion strength of PDA/CMC/PAA hydrogels were studied by scanning electron microscopy, rotational rheometer, universal test machine. Owing to the hydrogen bonding interaction between the PDA/CMC complex and PAA, the PDA/CMC/PAA hydrogels showed high resilience and compressive strength to withstand large deformation. The hydrogels exhibited strong adhesion to various substrate surfaces, such as stainless steel, aluminum, glass and porcine skin. The biocompatibility and UV-shielding properties were investigated through culture of cells and UV irradiation test. The adhesiveness of PDA promoted cell adhesion and provided the PDA/CMC/PAA hydrogels good biocompatibility with 96% of relative cell viability. The hydrogels possessed excellent UV-shielding ability to prevent collagen fibers from being destroyed during UV irradiation, which has promising potential in the practical applications for UV filtration membrane and skin care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuwu Tang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 63, Xiyuangong Road, Minhou District, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People’s Republic of China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Miao
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 63, Xiyuangong Road, Minhou District, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People’s Republic of China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 63, Xiyuangong Road, Minhou District, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - He Xiao
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 63, Xiyuangong Road, Minhou District, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People’s Republic of China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 63, Xiyuangong Road, Minhou District, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People’s Republic of China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 63, Xiyuangong Road, Minhou District, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People’s Republic of China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingye Zhang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 63, Xiyuangong Road, Minhou District, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Liulian Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 63, Xiyuangong Road, Minhou District, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People’s Republic of China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihui Chen
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 63, Xiyuangong Road, Minhou District, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People’s Republic of China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 63, Xiyuangong Road, Minhou District, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People’s Republic of China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People’s Republic of China
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Borkar N, Mu H, Holm R. Challenges and trends in apomorphine drug delivery systems for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Asian J Pharm Sci 2017; 13:507-517. [PMID: 32104425 PMCID: PMC7032113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic debilitating disease affecting approximately 1% of the population over the age of 60. The severity of PD is correlated to the degree of dopaminergic neuronal loss. Apomorphine has a similar chemical structure as the neurotransmitter dopamine and has been used for the treatment of advanced PD patients. In PD patients, apomorphine is normally administered subcutaneously with frequent injections because of the compound's extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism. There is, hence, a large unmet need for alternative administrative routes for apomorphine to improve patient compliance. The present review focuses on the research and development of alternative delivery of apomorphine, aiming to highlight the potential of non-invasive apomorphine therapy in PD, such as sublingual delivery and transdermal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nrupa Borkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark. Tel.: +45 71444174.
| | - Huiling Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, 2340, Belgium
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10
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Hao J, Xu S, Xu N, Li D, Linhardt RJ, Zhang Z. Impact of degree of oxidation on the physicochemical properties of microcrystalline cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 155:483-490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Kono H, Oshima K, Hashimoto H, Shimizu Y, Tajima K. NMR characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: Substituent distribution and mole fraction of monomers in the polymer chains. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 146:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lungare S, Bowen J, Badhan R. Development and Evaluation of a Novel Intranasal Spray for the Delivery of Amantadine. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1209-20. [PMID: 26886345 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and characterize an intranasal delivery system for amantadine hydrochloride (AMT). Optimal formulations consisted of a thermosensitive polymer Pluronic® 127 and either carboxymethyl cellulose or chitosan which demonstrated gel transition at nasal cavity temperatures (34 ± 1°C). Rheologically, the loss tangent (Tan δ) confirmed a 3-stage gelation phenomena at 34 ± 1°C and non-Newtonian behavior. Storage of optimized formulation carboxymethyl cellulose and optimal formulation chitosan at 4°C for 8 weeks resulted in repeatable release profiles at 34°C when sampled, with a Fickian mechanism earlier on but moving toward anomalous transport by week 8. Polymers (Pluronic® 127, carboxymethyl cellulose, and chitosan) demonstrated no significant cellular toxicity to human nasal epithelial cells up to 4 mg/mL and up to 1 mM for AMT (IC50: 4.5 ± 0.05 mM). Optimized formulation carboxymethyl cellulose and optimal formulation chitosan demonstrated slower release across an in vitro human nasal airway model (43%-44% vs 79 ± 4.58% for AMT). Using a human nasal cast model, deposition into the olfactory regions (potential nose-to-brain) was demonstrated on nozzle insertion (5 mm), whereas tilting of the head forward (15°) resulted in greater deposition in the bulk of the nasal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital Lungare
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - James Bowen
- Department of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Raj Badhan
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
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Al Asmari AK, Ullah Z, Tariq M, Fatani A. Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of intranasally administered liposomal formulation of donepezil. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:205-15. [PMID: 26834457 PMCID: PMC4716722 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s93937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zabih Ullah
- Department of Research, Prince Sultan, Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Tariq
- Department of Research, Prince Sultan, Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Fatani
- Department of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Hansen K, Kim G, Desai KGH, Patel H, Olsen KF, Curtis-Fisk J, Tocce E, Jordan S, Schwendeman SP. Feasibility Investigation of Cellulose Polymers for Mucoadhesive Nasal Drug Delivery Applications. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2732-41. [PMID: 26097994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of various cellulose polymer derivatives, including methylcellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), sodium-carboxymethylcellulose (sodium-CMC), and cationic-hydroxyethylcellulose (cationic-HEC), for use as an excipient to enhance drug delivery in nasal spray formulations was investigated. Three main parameters for evaluating the polymers in nasal drug delivery applications include rheology, ciliary beat frequency (CBF), and permeation across nasal tissue. Reversible thermally induced viscosity enhancement was observed at near nasal physiological temperature when cellulose derivatives were combined with an additional excipient, poly(vinyl caprolactam)-poly(vinyl acetate)-poly(ethylene glycol) graft copolymer (PVCL-PVA-PEG). Cationic-HEC was shown to enhance acyclovir permeation across the nasal mucosa. None of the tested cellulosic polymers caused any adverse effects on porcine nasal tissues and cells, as assessed by alterations in CBF. Upon an increase in polymer concentration, a reduction in CBF was observed when ciliated cells were immersed in the polymer solution, and this decrease returned to baseline when the polymer was removed. While each cellulose derivative exhibited unique advantages for nasal drug delivery applications, none stood out on their own to improve more than one of the performance characteristics examined. Hence, these data may be useful for the development of new cellulose derivatives in nasal drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellisa Hansen
- †Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Gwangseong Kim
- †Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kashappa-Goud H Desai
- †Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hiren Patel
- †Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Karl F Olsen
- †Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | | | | | | | - Steven P Schwendeman
- †Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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15
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Mura P, Mennini N, Kosalec I, Furlanetto S, Orlandini S, Jug M. Amidated pectin-based wafers for econazole buccal delivery: Formulation optimization and antimicrobial efficacy estimation. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 121:231-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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17
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Kono H. Characterization and properties of carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels crosslinked by polyethylene glycol. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 106:84-93. [PMID: 24721054 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel hydrogels were prepared from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) sodium salt by crosslinking with polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE). The detailed structures of the hydrogels were determined via FTIR and solid-state NMR spectroscopic analyses. Increasing the feed ratio of PEGDE to CMC in the reaction mixture led to an increase in the crosslinking degree, which enhanced the physical strength of the hydrogels. The hydrogels exhibited enzyme degradability, and after 3 days of incubation with cellulase, 62-28 wt% of the CMC in the hydrogel was degraded under the conditions employed in this study. In addition, the hydrogels exhibited protein adsorption and release abilities, and the amounts of proteins adsorbed on the hydrogels and the release profile of the proteins depended on the protein sizes and crosslinking degree of the hydrogels. These unique properties might enable the use of CMC-based hydrogels as drug delivery system carriers for protein-based drugs if the biological safety of the hydrogel can be verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kono
- Department of Science and Engineering for Materials, Tomakomai National College of Technology, Nishikioka 443, Tomakomai, Hokkaido 059 1275, Japan.
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Alam MI, Baboota S, Ahuja A, Ali M, Ali J, Sahni JK. Intranasal infusion of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) containing CNS acting drug and estimation in brain and blood. Drug Deliv 2013; 20:247-51. [PMID: 23869788 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.822945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the nanostrucured lipid carriers (NLC) containing duloxetine (DLX-NLC) for intranasal infusion through the nasal cavity of rat. The in vivo nasal infusion studies were performed using Wistar rats and the amount of DLX permeated and its amount in brain and blood was estimated. The effects on absorption rate and type of drug delivery systems (nanocarriers and drug solution) for nose to brain/blood permeation were assessed. DLX was found to be permeated from the nasal cavity into the body of rat and the permeated amount was found to be more in case of DLX-NLC. Approximately 2.5-times better permeation was exhibited by DLX-NLC than DLX-solution. Appreciable amount of DLX was estimated in blood and brain and the estimated amount was higher in case of DLX-NLC. Thus the administration of NLC containing DLX through intranasal route was found to be potential method for the delivery of DLX for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Intakhab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
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19
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Kono H, Onishi K, Nakamura T. Characterization and bisphenol A adsorption capacity of β-cyclodextrin–carboxymethylcellulose-based hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:784-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Ichihashi T, Satoh T, Sugimoto C, Kajino K. Emulsified phosphatidylserine, simple and effective peptide carrier for induction of potent epitope-specific T cell responses. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60068. [PMID: 23533665 PMCID: PMC3606214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To induce potent epitope-specific T cell immunity by a peptide-based vaccine, epitope peptides must be delivered efficiently to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in vivo. Therefore, selecting an appropriate peptide carrier is crucial for the development of an effective peptide vaccine. In this study, we explored new peptide carriers which show enhancement in cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induction capability. Methodology/Principal Findings Data from an epitope-specific in vivo CTL assay revealed that phosphatidylserine (PS) has a potent adjuvant effect among candidate materials tested. Further analyses showed that PS-conjugated antigens were preferentially and efficiently captured by professional APCs, in particular, by CD11c+CD11b+MHCII+ conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) compared to multilamellar liposome-conjugates or unconjugated antigens. In addition, PS demonstrated the stimulatory capacity of peptide-specific helper T cells in vivo. Conclusions/Significance This work indicates that PS is the easily preparable efficient carrier with a simple structure that delivers antigen to professional APCs effectively and induce both helper and cytotoxic T cell responses in vivo. Therefore, PS is a promising novel adjuvant for T cell-inducing peptide vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Ichihashi
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Laboratory of Polymer Functional Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sugimoto
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kiichi Kajino
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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21
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Pund S, Rasve G, Borade G. Ex vivo permeation characteristics of venlafaxine through sheep nasal mucosa. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 48:195-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Chaturvedi M, Kumar M, Pathak K. A review on mucoadhesive polymer used in nasal drug delivery system. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2012; 2:215-22. [PMID: 22247888 PMCID: PMC3255357 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.90876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This update review is on mucoadhesive polymers used in nasal dosage forms. The nasal mucosa provides a potentially good route for systemic drug delivery. One of the most important features of the nasal route is that it avoids first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby reducing metabolism. The application of mucoadhesive polymers in nasal drug delivery systems has gained to promote dosage form residence time in the nasal cavity as well as improving intimacy of contact with absorptive membranes of the biological system. The various new technology uses in development of nasal drug delivery dosage forms are discussed. The various dosage forms are vesicular carriers (liposome, noisome), nanostructured particles, prodrugs, in situ gelling system with special attention to in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Chaturvedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
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23
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Palmberger TF, Augustijns P, Vetter A, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Safety assessment of thiolated polymers: effect on ciliary beat frequency in human nasal epithelial cells. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 37:1455-62. [PMID: 21635138 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.584537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the nasal safety of gel formulations of thiolated polymers (thiomers) by assessing their effect on ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in human nasal epithelial cells. METHODS Poly(acrylic acid) 450 kDa-cysteine (PAA-cys) and alginate-cysteine (alg-cys) were synthesized by covalent attachment of L-cysteine to the polymeric backbone. The cationic polymer chitosan-thiobutylamidine (chito-TBA) was synthesized by attaching iminothiolane to chitosan. CBF using was measured by a photometric system. CBF was measured before incubating the cells with test gels, during incubation and after washing out the polymeric test gels to evaluate reversibility of cilio-inhibition. The influence of viscosity on CBF was determined by using hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)-gels of various concentrations. RESULTS Ciliary beating was observed to be affected by viscosity, but cilia were still beating in the presence of a HEC-gel displaying an apparent viscosity of 25 Pa.s. In case of thiolated polymers and their unmodified control, a concentration-dependent decrease in CBF could be observed. PAA-cys, alg-cys, chito-TBA and their corresponding unmodified controls exhibited a moderate cilio-inhibitory effect, followed by a partial recovery of CBF when used at a concentration of 1%. Alg-cys 2% and chito-TBA 2% (m/v) gels exhibited severe cilio-inhibition, which was partially reversible. L-cysteine and reduced glutathione led to mild cilio-inhibition at concentrations of 3% (m/v). CONCLUSIONS Taking into account that dilution after application and cilio-modifying effects is usually more pronounced under in vitro conditions, thiomers can be considered as suitable excipients for nasal drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Palmberger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Innsbruck, Austria
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24
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Tsai MJ, Huang YB, Wu PC, Fu YS, Kao YR, Fang JY, Tsai YH. Oral Apomorphine Delivery from Solid Lipid Nanoparticles with Different Monostearate Emulsifiers: Pharmacokinetic and Behavioral Evaluations. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:547-57. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Patil S, Babbar A, Mathur R, Mishra A, Sawant K. Mucoadhesive chitosan microspheres of carvedilol for nasal administration. J Drug Target 2010; 18:321-31. [PMID: 20199172 DOI: 10.3109/10611861003663523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize chitosan mucoadhesive microspheres of carvedilol (CRV) for nasal delivery to improve bioavailability for treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. The microspheres were prepared by emulsification-cross-linking method and evaluated for size, shape, entrapment efficiency (EE), in vitro mucoadhesion, in vitro drug release, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mucoadhesive properties were also evaluated by Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. In vivo tests were carried out in rabbits. The microspheres were spherical with size of 20-50 microm, which is favorable for intranasal absorption. The EE was observed from 42% to 68% while percentage mucoadhesion was from 74% to 88%. A strong interaction between mucin and chitosan microspheres was detected explaining adsorption with electrostatic interaction. The microspheres released around 75% of drug in 8 h. DSC and XRD studies revealed that CRV was molecularly dispersed. The absorption rate was rapid and the absolute bioavailability was high, 72.29%. The gamma scintigraphy indicated that the microspheres cleared slowly from the nasal cavity. It was concluded that chitosan microspheres could be used to deliver CRV following nasal administration for improving the bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Patil
- New Drug Delivery Systems Laboratory, TIFAC Center of Relevance and Excellence in NDDS, Pharmacy Department, The M. S. University of Baroda, Fatehgunj, Vadodara-390002, Gujarat, India
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26
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Jiang L, Gao L, Wang X, Tang L, Ma J. The application of mucoadhesive polymers in nasal drug delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903170750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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27
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Barakat NS, Omar SA, Ahmed AAE. Carbamazepine uptake into rat brain following intra-olfactory transport. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 58:63-72. [PMID: 16393465 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.1.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Targeting the brain via nasal administration of drugs has been studied frequently over the last few years. In this study, a suitable gel formulation was designed to provide the absorption of a highly lipophilic drug through nasal mucosa. For this purpose, carbamazepine was chosen as the model drug. Hypromellose and Carbopol were used as mucoadhesive polymers in the formulation to increase the residence time of the gel on the mucosa. The objective of this study was to confirm the existence of a transport pathway for a drug (carbamazepine) to the brain directly from the nasal cavity, by comparing the concentration of drug in the brain after intranasal (i.n.), intravenous (i.v.), and oral (p.o.) administration. A statistically significant high level of the drug was found in the brain following intranasal administration compared with the intravenous and oral routes. These findings suggested the existence of a direct transport pathway for carbamazepine from the nasal cavity to the brain. This pathway may represent a new delivery route to the brain and central nervous system of such drugs which are needed in high and rapid concentration in the brain, especially in emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Barakat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, PO Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
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28
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Hwang TL, Lin YK, Chi CH, Huang TH, Fang JY. Development and Evaluation of Perfluorocarbon Nanobubbles for Apomorphine Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:3735-47. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Asane GS, Nirmal SA, Rasal KB, Naik AA, Mahadik MS, Rao YM. Polymers for mucoadhesive drug delivery system: a current status. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; 34:1246-66. [PMID: 18720139 DOI: 10.1080/03639040802026012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the relatively short gastrointestinal (GI) time and improve localization for oral controlled or sustained release drug delivery systems, bioadhesive polymers that adhere to the mucin/epithelial surface are effective and lead to significant improvement in oral drug delivery. Improvements are also expected for other mucus-covered sites of drug administration. Bioadhesive polymers find application in the eye, nose, and vaginal cavity as well as in the GI tract, including the buccal cavity and rectum. This article lays emphasis mainly on mucoadhesive polymers, their properties, and their applications in buccal, ocular, nasal, and vaginal drug delivery systems with its evaluation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Asane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Loni, M.S., India.
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30
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Kumar C, Himabindu M, Jetty A. Microbial Biosynthesis and Applications of Gentamicin: A Critical Appraisal. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008; 28:173-212. [DOI: 10.1080/07388550802262197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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31
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Rathnam G, Narayanan N, Ilavarasan R. Carbopol-based gels for nasal delivery of progesterone. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:1078-82. [PMID: 18850277 PMCID: PMC2628265 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the nasal absorption of progesterone from carbopol-based nasal gels in rabbits. Progesterone nasal gels were prepared by dispersing carbopol 974 (1%, 1.5%, and 2%) in distilled water followed by addition of progesterone/progesterone-beta cyclodextrin complex dissolved in propylene glycol then neutralization. The potential use of beta cyclodextrin (CD) as nasal absorption enhancer by simple addition, as a physical mixture and as a complex with progesterone was investigated. The absolute bioavailability of progesterone from nasal gels in rabbits was studied by estimating the serum progesterone level by competitive solid-phase enzyme immunoassay in comparison to intravenous injection. The carbopol gel formulations produced a significant increase in bioavailability. CD complex promotes the nasal absorption of progesterone from carbopol gels as compared with gels where the CD is added by simple addition and gels which do not contain CD. This method of addition of CD as an inclusion complex in the gels could be considered as a preferred platform in nasal drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Rathnam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Thorapakkam, Chennai 600097, India.
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32
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Pluhar GE, Turner AS, Pierce AR, Toth CA, Wheeler DL. A comparison of two biomaterial carriers for osteogenic protein-1 (BMP-7) in an ovine critical defect model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 88:960-6. [PMID: 16799005 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.88b7.17056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Critical size defects in ovine tibiae, stabilised with intramedullary interlocking nails, were used to assess whether the addition of carboxymethylcellulose to the standard osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1/BMP-7) implant would affect the implant's efficacy for bone regeneration. The biomaterial carriers were a 'putty' carrier of carboxymethylcellulose and bovine-derived type-I collagen (OPP) or the standard with collagen alone (OPC). These two treatments were also compared to "ungrafted" negative controls. Efficacy of regeneration was determined using radiological, biomechanical and histological evaluations after four months of healing. The defects, filled with OPP and OPC, demonstrated radiodense material spanning the defect after one month of healing, with radiographic evidence of recorticalisation and remodelling by two months. The OPP and OPC treatment groups had equivalent structural and material properties that were significantly greater than those in the ungrafted controls. The structural properties of the OPP- and OPC-treated limbs were equivalent to those of the contralateral untreated limb (p > 0.05), yet material properties were inferior (p < 0.05). Histopathology revealed no residual inflammatory response to the biomaterial carriers or OP-1. The OPP- and OPC-treated animals had 60% to 85% lamellar bone within the defect, and less than 25% of the regenerate was composed of fibrous tissue. The defects in the untreated control animals contained less than 40% lamellar bone and more than 60% was fibrous tissue, creating full cortical thickness defects. In our studies carboxymethylcellulose did not adversely affect the capacity of the standard OP-1 implant for regenerating bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Pluhar
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1352 Boyd Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
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Edsman K, Hägerström H. Pharmaceutical applications of mucoadhesion for the non-oral routes. J Pharm Pharmacol 2005; 57:3-22. [PMID: 15638988 DOI: 10.1211/0022357055227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion of pharmaceutical formulations to the mucosal tissue offers the possibility of creating an intimate and prolonged contact at the site of administration. This prolonged residence time can result in enhanced absorption and, in combination with a controlled release of the drug, also improved patient compliance by reducing the frequency of administration. During the almost 30 years over which mucoadhesion has been studied, a considerable amount of knowledge has been gained, and much has been learned about the different mechanisms occurring at the formulation-mucus interface and the properties that affect these mechanisms. The in-vivo performance of a dosage form not only depends on the mechanisms occurring at the interface, but also on the properties of the total mucoadhesive complex: the dosage form, the mucosa and the interface between them. A wide variety of methods are used for studying mucoadhesion; some rather similar to the in-vivo situation and some mimicking the interface alone. In this review, the mucus surface, the methods used for the study of mucoadhesion, the different mechanisms involved in mucoadhesion and theories underpinning them have been described. The complexity of mucoadhesion when trying to systemize the subject will also be discussed. The last part of the review describes the buccal, nasal, ocular, vaginal and rectal routes and provides examples of what can be achieved in-vivo when using mucoadhesive formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Edsman
- Dept of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, P. O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Hasçiçek C, Gönül N, Erk N. Mucoadhesive microspheres containing gentamicin sulfate for nasal administration: preparation and in vitro characterization. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2003; 58:11-6. [PMID: 12595032 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(02)00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, suitable microsphere formulations were designed in order to provide the absorption of a high polar drug through nasal mucosa. For this purpose, gentamicin sulfate (GS) was chosen as a model drug and used at different drug/polymer ratios in the microsphere formulations. The microspheres were prepared by spray drying technique. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was used as a mucoadhesive polymer in the formulations to increase the residence time of the microspheres on the mucosa. Sodium cholate was added into the formulations for increasing the absorption of GS through nasal mucosa. The in vitro characteristics of the microspheres were determined. The microspheres were evaluated with respect to the particle size, production yield, encapsulation efficiency, shape and surface properties, drug-polymer interaction, mucoadhesive property, in vitro drug release and suitability for nasal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Hasçiçek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
The pharmacological management of Parkinson's disease is a complex and dynamic task; there is no one 'right' strategy indicating which drugs should be used at a particular stage of the disease. There are now many different drugs belonging to several classes that may be effective, and there are still differences of opinion among leading clinicians about the best course of treatment. This review focuses on drug therapy for the motor impairment in Parkinson's disease. Current and future research directions are summarised by taking inventory of recent and innovative areas of development in the field, representing each category with at least one of its featured treatments. The main research efforts are being directed towards delaying the use of levodopa or finding therapies to be used as adjunct to it, in order to postpone motor complications and, in particular, dyskinesias. One of the recent trends is early employment of dopamine agonists. Additional efforts are being directed towards protecting and restoring dopamine neurons. Novel therapies acting on non-dopaminergic systems are also being researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos D Korczyn
- Department of Neurology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University Medical School, Ramat-Aviv, Israel.
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Ishikawa F, Katsura M, Tamai I, Tsuji A. Improved nasal bioavailability of elcatonin by insoluble powder formulation. Int J Pharm 2001; 224:105-14. [PMID: 11472819 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(01)00736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The bioavailability of elcatonin (ECT) via the nasal route was investigated with a powder dosage form utilizing water-insoluble calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) in comparison with the liquid dosage form. Total radioactivity and the radioactivity of intact [3H]ECT were measured to evaluate the nasal absorption in vivo and the nasal mucosal transport in vitro. The systemic bioavailability of both total radioactivity and intact [3H]ECT following intranasal administration of the powder formulation in rats was significantly greater than in the case of the liquid formulation. In contrast, similar permeability of ECT across excised rabbit nasal mucosa was seen for both formulations, and was close to that of [14C]inulin, suggesting that the ECT transport is predominantly paracellular in each case. However, the powder formulation significantly prolonged the residence time of [3H]ECT in the rat nasal cavity, compared with the liquid formulation. We conclude that the powder formulation utilizing CaCO(3) improves the nasal bioavailability by increasing the residence time of ECT in the nasal cavity and is likely to be effective in increasing systemic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ishikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
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