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Stawski D. Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) as a bioactive polyelectrolyte-production and properties. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230188. [PMID: 37736533 PMCID: PMC10509595 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) is a polyelectrolyte with many important chemical and physical properties and, above all, offers a wide range of interesting biological properties. Currently, research on this polymer is ongoing in several centres around the world. The process of polymerizing the monomer is not easy, as there are difficulties in obtaining a product with repeatable properties. This work collected and described most of the currently known and used polymerization methods of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, taking into account the type of method, the solvent used, the initiator, as well as the process temperature and the average molecular weight of the polymer obtained. The most important properties of the discussed polymer, such as solubility, bioactivity, hydrophilicity, cytotoxicity, conductivity, and thermal and hydrodynamic parameters, are discussed on the basis of the available scientific literature. This work aims, among other things, to increase the possibility of using poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) as a material in advanced practical applications. Therefore, various methods of applied use of the polymer in question have also been described so far. Copolymers of the N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate are now too large a collection to fit in a single publication. Therefore, only the most interesting examples were cited in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Stawski
- Institute of Materials Science of Textiles and Polymer Composites, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116 str, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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2
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Javanmardi S, Abolmaali SS, Mehrabanpour MJ, Aghamaali MR, Tamaddon AM. PEGylated nanohydrogels delivering anti-MicroRNA-21 suppress ovarian tumor-associated angiogenesis in matrigel and chicken chorioallantoic membrane models. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2022; 12:449-461. [PMID: 36381633 PMCID: PMC9596881 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.23263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Recently, MicroRNAs have gained increasing popularity as a novel nucleic acid-mediated medicine to regulate cancer-related protein expression. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is known as an oncogenic microRNA which is overexpressed in almost all cancers, including ovarian carcinoma that causes cisplatin (cis-Pt) resistance and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) upregulation. So, miRNA-based therapy can be regarded as knocking down miR-21 expression, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, and suppressing tumor-associated angiogenesis. Methods: PEG5k-carboxymethylated polyethyleneimine nanohydrogels (PEG5k-CMPEI) were loaded with AntagomiR-21 (As-21) at different ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P). Particle size and ζ potential were determined for the As-21 loaded nanohydrogels. In the cellular experiments, miR-21 expression, cytotoxicity, and cis-Pt sensitivity were studied on A2780 ovarian cancer cell lines. Finally, tumor cell apoptosis and tumor cell-associated angiogenesis were explored in vitro and in vivo. Results: The nanohydrogels, featuring homogeneous size distribution and redox-responsiveness, were steadily loaded by As-21 at the optimum N/P ratio of 5 without any aggregation as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As-21-loaded nanohydrogels caused sequence-specific suppression of miR-21 expression and provoked apoptosis through ROS generation and caspase 3 activation. Cisplatin cytotoxicity was remarkably enhanced in A2780R as compared to A2780S following co-incubation with As-21-loaded nanohydrogels. Interestingly, the condition of the medium derived from As-21 nanohydrogel-treated A2780R cells inhibited VEGF suppression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the formation of tubes in Matrigel. Moreover, the condition medium caused angiogenesis inhibition in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Conclusion: These results suggest that nanohydrogel-based delivery of As-21 can be a promising neoadjuvant therapy for treating resistant tumors via apoptosis induction and angiogenesis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Javanmardi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Samira Sadat Abolmaali
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran
| | | | | | - Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran
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3
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van den Berg AIS, Yun CO, Schiffelers RM, Hennink WE. Polymeric delivery systems for nucleic acid therapeutics: Approaching the clinic. J Control Release 2021; 331:121-141. [PMID: 33453339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy using nucleic acids has many clinical applications for the treatment of diseases with a genetic origin as well as for the development of innovative vaccine formulations. Since nucleic acids in their free form are rapidly degraded by nucleases present in extracellular matrices, have poor pharmacokinetics and hardly pass cellular membranes, carrier systems are required. Suitable carriers that protect the nucleic acid payload against enzymatic attack, prolong circulation time after systemic administration and assist in cellular binding and internalization are needed to develop nucleic acid based drug products. Viral vectors have been investigated and are also clinically used as delivery vehicles. However, some major drawbacks are associated with their use. Therefore there has been substantial attention on the use of non-viral carrier systems based on cationic lipids and polymers. This review focuses on the properties of polymer-based nucleic acid formulations, also referred as polyplexes. Different polymeric systems are summarized, and the cellular barriers polyplexes encounter and ways to tackle these are discussed. Finally attention is given to the clinical status of non-viral nucleic acid formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette I S van den Berg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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4
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Skandalis A, Uchman M, Štěpánek M, Kereı̈che S, Pispas S. Complexation of DNA with QPDMAEMA-b-PLMA-b-POEGMA Cationic Triblock Terpolymer Micelles. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Skandalis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Mariusz Uchman
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Štěpánek
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Sami Kereı̈che
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Purkynuv Ustav, Albertov 4, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
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Guler Gokce Z, Birol SZ, Mitina N, Harhay K, Finiuk N, Glasunova V, Stoika R, Ercelen S, Zaichenko A. Novel amphiphilic block-copolymer forming stable micelles and interpolyelectrolyte complexes with DNA for efficient gene delivery. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1740988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Guler Gokce
- Center Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department of Nano Science and Nano Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Zuhal Birol
- Center Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department of Nano Science and Nano Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nataliya Mitina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Khrystyna Harhay
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Finiuk
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Valentina Glasunova
- Department of Physical Materials, Donetsk O. O. Galkin Institute of Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Donetsk, Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav Stoika
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Sebnem Ercelen
- Center Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Alexander Zaichenko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
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6
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Hayashi Y, Higashi T, Motoyama K, Jono H, Ando Y, Onodera R, Arima H. Hepatocyte-Targeted Delivery of siRNA Polyplex with PEG-Modified Lactosylated Dendrimer/Cyclodextrin Conjugates for Transthyretin-Related Amyloidosis Therapy. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1679-1688. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Hayashi
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Taishi Higashi
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | - Hidetoshi Arima
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools ‘Health life science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program,’ Kumamoto University
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7
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Benizri S, Gissot A, Martin A, Vialet B, Grinstaff MW, Barthélémy P. Bioconjugated Oligonucleotides: Recent Developments and Therapeutic Applications. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:366-383. [PMID: 30608140 PMCID: PMC6766081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based agents have the potential to treat or cure almost any disease, and are one of the key therapeutic drug classes of the future. Bioconjugated oligonucleotides, a subset of this class, are emerging from basic research and being successfully translated to the clinic. In this Review, we first briefly describe two approaches for inhibiting specific genes using oligonucleotides-antisense DNA (ASO) and RNA interference (RNAi)-followed by a discussion on delivery to cells. We then summarize and analyze recent developments in bioconjugated oligonucleotides including those possessing GalNAc, cell penetrating peptides, α-tocopherol, aptamers, antibodies, cholesterol, squalene, fatty acids, or nucleolipids. These novel conjugates provide a means to enhance tissue targeting, cell internalization, endosomal escape, target binding specificity, resistance to nucleases, and more. We next describe those bioconjugated oligonucleotides approved for patient use or in clinical trials. Finally, we summarize the state of the field, describe current limitations, and discuss future prospects. Bioconjugation chemistry is at the centerpiece of this therapeutic oligonucleotide revolution, and significant opportunities exist for development of new modification chemistries, for mechanistic studies at the chemical-biology interface, and for translating such agents to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Benizri
- Inserm U1212, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Universitéde Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Gissot
- Inserm U1212, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Universitéde Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Andrew Martin
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Brune Vialet
- Inserm U1212, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Universitéde Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Philippe Barthélémy
- Inserm U1212, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Universitéde Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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8
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Zheng H, Li J, Luo X, LI C, Hu L, Qiu Q, Ding J, Song Y, Deng Y. Murine RAW264.7 cells as cellular drug delivery carriers for tumor therapy: a good idea? Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 83:361-374. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Chen Y, Li J, Oupický D. Conjugate Polyplexes with Anti-Invasive Properties and Improved siRNA Delivery In Vivo. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:296-305. [PMID: 29338191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on a simple method to prepare siRNA-polycation conjugate polyplexes by in situ thiol-disulfide exchange reaction. The conjugate polyplexes are prepared using thiol-terminated siRNA and a bioreducible branched polycationic inhibitor of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor (rPAMD). The rPAMD-SS-siRNA conjugate polyplexes exhibit improved colloidal stability and resistance against disassembly with heparin, serum, and physiological salt concentrations when compared with control conventional rPAMD/siRNA polyplexes. Coating the polyplexes with human serum albumin masks the positive surface charge and contributes to the enhanced in vitro gene silencing and improved safety in vivo. The conjugate polyplexes display improved in vivo reporter gene silencing following intravenous injection in tumor-bearing mice. Because the conjugate polyplexes retained the ability of rPAMD to inhibit CXCR4 and restrict cancer cell invasion, the developed systems show promise for future combination anti-metastatic siRNA therapies of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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10
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Beckert L, Kostka L, Kessel E, Krhac Levacic A, Kostkova H, Etrych T, Lächelt U, Wagner E. Acid-labile pHPMA modification of four-arm oligoaminoamide pDNA polyplexes balances shielding and gene transfer activity in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 105:85-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Research in the field of nonviral gene delivery is in the initial stages relative to the more commonly known viral systems. However, nonviral systems may, in the near future overcome some of the problems inherent to currently employed viral gene delivery systems. These problems range from limited payload capacity and general production issues to immune and toxic reactions, as well as the potential for catastrophic viral recombination. Self-assembling complexes of nucleic acids and synthetic polymers, commonly referred to as `polyplexes', are formed as the result of electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged phosphate groups of the DNA and the positively charged groups of the polycation. A wide array of polycations are available for such studies, including those with linear, branched, dendritic and block or graft copolymer architectures. These polycations vary greatly in chemical composition as well as the number of repeating units, providing for a wide range of different polyplexes that can be easily assembled. Some of the current gene delivery systems are described which serve as potential reagents in the field of polymer-based gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L. Gebhart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Nebraska Medical Center 986025, Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA
| | - Alexander V. Kabanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Nebraska Medical Center 986025, Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA
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12
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Haladjova E, Mountrichas G, Pispas S, Rangelov S. Poly(vinyl benzyl trimethylammonium chloride) Homo and Block Copolymers Complexation with DNA. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:2586-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Haladjova
- Institute
of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St. bl.103A, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Grigoris Mountrichas
- Theoretical
and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical
and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Stanislav Rangelov
- Institute
of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St. bl.103A, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
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Lee SY, Yang CY, Peng CL, Wei MF, Chen KC, Yao CJ, Shieh MJ. A theranostic micelleplex co-delivering SN-38 and VEGF siRNA for colorectal cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2016; 86:92-105. [PMID: 26896610 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of an efficient colorectal cancer therapy is currently a public health priority. In the present work, we proposed a multifunctional theranostic micellar drug delivery system utilizing cationic PDMA-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PDMA-b-PCL) micelles as nanocarriers of SN-38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin), ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO), and small interfering RNA (siRNA) that targets human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The VEGF siRNA was conjugated to polyethylene glycol (PEG) (siRNA-PEG) before complexation with the micelles in order to improve the siRNA's stability and to prolong its retention time in the blood circulation. To further improve the in vivo biosafety, we prepared mixed micelles using mPEG-PCL together with PDMA-b-PCL copolymer. The SN-38/USPIO-loaded siRNA-PEG mixed micelleplexes passively targeted to tumor regions and synergistically facilitated VEGF silencing and chemotherapy, thus efficiently suppressing tumor growth via a multi-dose therapy regimen. Additionally, the SN-38/USPIO-loaded siRNA-PEG mixed micelleplexes acted as a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent in T2-weighted imaging, resulting in a powerful tool for the diagnosis and for tracking of the therapeutic outcomes. In summary, we established a theranostic micellar drug and gene delivery system that not only synergistically combined gene silencing and chemotherapy but also served as a negative MRI contrast agent, which reveal its potential as a novel colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yu Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Peng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, P.O. Box 3-27, Longtan, Taoyuan, 325, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Wei
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jung Yao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jium Shieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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Rao NV, Yoon HY, Han HS, Ko H, Son S, Lee M, Lee H, Jo DG, Kang YM, Park JH. Recent developments in hyaluronic acid-based nanomedicine for targeted cancer treatment. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 13:239-52. [PMID: 26653872 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyaluronic acid (HA) has emerged as a promising applicant for the tumor-targeted delivery of various therapeutic agents. Because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability and receptor-binding properties, HA has been extensively investigated as the drug delivery carrier. In this review, recent advances in HA-based nanomedicines are discussed. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on HA-based nanomedicines for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In particular, recent advances in HA-drug conjugates and HA-based nanoparticles for small molecular drug delivery are discussed. The bioreducible HA conjugates for small interfering ribonucleic acid delivery have been also discussed. EXPERT OPINION To develop a successful HA-based nanomedicine, it has to be prepared without significant deterioration of intrinsic property of HA. The chemical modification of HA with drugs or hydrophobic moieties may reduce the binding affinity of HA to the receptors. In addition, since the HA-based nanomedicines tend to accumulate in the liver after their systemic administration, new strategies to overcome this issue have to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vijayakameswara Rao
- a School of Chemical Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- a School of Chemical Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Seung Han
- a School of Chemical Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Ko
- b Department of Health Sciences and Technology , SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Son
- b Department of Health Sciences and Technology , SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Minchang Lee
- a School of Chemical Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Hansang Lee
- a School of Chemical Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- c School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mo Kang
- d School of Medicine , Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- a School of Chemical Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Health Sciences and Technology , SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
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A New Hyaluronic Acid Derivative Obtained from Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization as a siRNA Vector for CD44 Receptor Tumor Targeting. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:1605-15. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Serum resistant and enhanced transfection of plasmid DNA by PEG-stabilized polyplex nanoparticles of L-histidine substituted polyethyleneimine. Macromol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-015-3074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Pang JD, Zhuang BX, Mai K, Chen RF, Wang J, Zhang LM. Click modification of helical amylose by poly( l -lysine) dendrons for non-viral gene delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 49:485-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Misra SK, Ohoka A, Kolmodin NJ, Pan D. Next Generation Carbon Nanoparticles for Efficient Gene Therapy. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:375-85. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500742y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Misra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute, Biomedical Research
Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ayako Ohoka
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute, Biomedical Research
Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Kolmodin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute, Biomedical Research
Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute, Biomedical Research
Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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19
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Mauro N, Campora S, Scialabba C, Adamo G, Licciardi M, Ghersi G, Giammona G. Self-organized environment-sensitive inulin–doxorubicin conjugate with a selective cytotoxic effect towards cancer cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00287g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An inulin-based copolymer bearing high dose doxorubicin (18.45 % w/w), INU-EDA-P,C-DOXO, was prepared by coupling doxorubicin with inulin though citraconylamide bridge used as pH sensitive spacer. Its smart and selective anticancer effect was proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Mauro
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers
- Department of “Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche
- Chimiche e Farmaceutiche” (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 32 90123 Palermo
| | - S. Campora
- Department of “Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche” (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 16 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - C. Scialabba
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers
- Department of “Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche
- Chimiche e Farmaceutiche” (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 32 90123 Palermo
| | - G. Adamo
- Department of “Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche” (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 16 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - M. Licciardi
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers
- Department of “Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche
- Chimiche e Farmaceutiche” (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 32 90123 Palermo
| | - G. Ghersi
- Department of “Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche” (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 16 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - G. Giammona
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers
- Department of “Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche
- Chimiche e Farmaceutiche” (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 32 90123 Palermo
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20
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Yousefi A, Lauwers M, Nemes R, van Holten T, Babae N, Roest M, Storm G, Schiffelers R, Mastrobattista E. Hemocompatibility Assessment of two siRNA Nanocarrier Formulations. Pharm Res 2014; 31:3127-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Electron Transfer of Myoglobin Immobilized in Au Electrodes Modified with a RAFT PMMA-Block-PDMAEMA Polymer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/184206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoglobin was immobilized with poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]PMMA-block-PDMAEMA polymer synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer technique (RAFT). Cyclic voltammograms gave direct and slow quasireversible heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics between Mb-PMMA-block-PDMAEMA modified electrode and the redox center of the protein. The values for electron rate constant (Ks) and transfer coefficient (α) were0.055±0.01·s−1and0.81±0.08, respectively. The reduction potential determined as a function of temperature (293–328 K) revealed a value of reaction center entropy ofΔS0of351.3±0.0002 J·mol−1·K−1and enthalpy change of-76.8±0.1 kJ·mol−1, suggesting solvent effects and charge ionization atmosphere involved in the reaction parallel to hydrophobic interactions with the copolymer. The immobilized protein also exhibits an electrocatalytical response to reduction of hydrogen peroxide, with an apparentKmof114.7±58.7 μM. The overall results substantiate the design and use of RAFT polymers towards the development of third-generation biosensors.
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22
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Hernandez ME, Rembao JD, Hernandez-Baltazar D, Castillo-Rodriguez RA, Tellez-Lopez VM, Flores-Martinez YM, Orozco-Barrios CE, Rubio HA, Sánchez-García A, Ayala-Davila J, Arango-Rodriguez ML, Pavón L, Mejia-Castillo T, Forgez P, Martinez-Fong D. Safety of the intravenous administration of neurotensin-polyplex nanoparticles in BALB/c mice. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 10:745-54. [PMID: 24333586 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Neurotensin (NTS)-polyplex is a gene nanocarrier that has potential nanomedicine-based applications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and cancers of cells expressing NTS receptor type 1. We assessed the acute inflammatory response to NTS-polyplex carrying a reporter gene in BALB/c mice. The intravenous injection of NTS-polyplex caused the specific expression of the reporter gene in gastrointestinal cells. Six hours after an intravenous injection of propidium iodide labeled-NTS-polyplex, fluorescent spots were located in the cells of the organs with a mononuclear phagocyte system, suggesting NTS-polyplex clearance. In contrast to lipopolysaccharide and carbon tetrachloride, NTS-polyplex did not increase the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, bilirubin, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase. NTS-polyplex increased the levels of serum amyloid A and alkaline phosphatase, but these levels normalized after 24 h. Compared to carrageenan, the local injection of NTS-polyplex did not produce inflammation. Our results support the safety of NTS-polyplex. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This study focuses on the safety of neurotensin (NTS)-polyplex, a gene nanocarrier that has potential in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and cancers of cells expressing NTS receptor type 1. NTS polyplex demonstrates a better safety profile compared with carrageenan, lipopolysaccharide, and carbon tetrachloride in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Victor M Tellez-Lopez
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-I.P.N., Mexico DF, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Jose Ayala-Davila
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-I.P.N., Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Martha L Arango-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Ciencias, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Department of Psychoimmunology, INPRF, Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Teresa Mejia-Castillo
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-I.P.N., Mexico DF, Mexico
| | | | - Daniel Martinez-Fong
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-I.P.N., Mexico DF, Mexico; PhD Program in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; CINVESTAV-I.P.N., Mexico DF, Mexico.
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23
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Bioreducible hyaluronic acid conjugates as siRNA carrier for tumor targeting. J Control Release 2013; 172:653-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Nelson CE, Kintzing JR, Hanna A, Shannon JM, Gupta MK, Duvall CL. Balancing cationic and hydrophobic content of PEGylated siRNA polyplexes enhances endosome escape, stability, blood circulation time, and bioactivity in vivo. ACS NANO 2013; 7:8870-80. [PMID: 24041122 PMCID: PMC3857137 DOI: 10.1021/nn403325f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A family of pH-responsive diblock polymers composed of poly[(ethylene glycol)-b-[(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-co-(butyl methacrylate)], PEG-(DMAEMA-co-BMA), was reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) synthesized with 0-75 mol % BMA in the second polymer block. The relative mole % of DMAEMA and BMA was varied in order to identify a polymer that can be used to formulate PEGylated, siRNA-loaded polyplex nanoparticles (NPs) with an optimized balance of cationic and hydrophobic content in the NP core based on siRNA packaging, cytocompatibility, blood circulation half-life, endosomal escape, and in vivo bioactivity. The polymer with 50:50 mol % of DMAEMA:BMA (polymer "50 B") in the RAFT-polymerized block efficiently condensed siRNA into 100 nm NPs that displayed pH-dependent membrane disruptive behavior finely tuned for endosomal escape. In vitro delivery of siRNA with polymer 50 B produced up to 94% protein-level knockdown of the model gene luciferase. The PEG corona of the NPs blocked nonspecific interactions with constituents of human whole blood, and the relative hydrophobicity of polymer 50 B increased NP stability in the presence of human serum or the polyanion heparin. When injected intravenously, 50 B NPs enhanced blood circulation half-life 3-fold relative to more standard PEG-DMAEMA (0 B) NPs (p < 0.05), due to improved stability and a reduced rate of renal clearance. The 50 B NPs enhanced siRNA biodistribution to the liver and other organs and significantly increased gene silencing in the liver, kidneys, and spleen relative to the benchmark polymer 0 B (p < 0.05). These collective findings validate the functional significance of tuning the balance of cationic and hydrophobic content of polyplex NPs utilized for systemic siRNA delivery in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Craig L. Duvall
- Corresponding Author: Prof. C.L. Duvall, PMB 351631, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1631 (USA), , office phone: (615)322-3598, fax: (615)343-7919
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25
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Trends in polymeric delivery of nucleic acids to tumors. J Control Release 2013; 170:209-18. [PMID: 23770011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of nucleic acids to tumors has received extensive attention in the past few decades since these molecules are capable of treating disease by modulating the source of abnormalities. Although high efficiency and low toxicity of numerous delivery systems for nucleic acids have been approved frequently with in vitro assays, contradictions have been observed in many cases between these results and what has occurred in the dynamic in vivo situation. Filling this gap seems to be crucial for further preclinical development of such systems. In this paper, we discuss various barriers which polymeric DNA or siRNA nanoparticles encounter upon systemic administration with an aim to assist in designing more relevant in vitro assays. Furthermore, individual considerations concerning delivery of DNA and siRNA have been addressed.
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26
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Kuan SL, Stöckle B, Reichenwallner J, Ng DYW, Wu Y, Doroshenko M, Koynov K, Hinderberger D, Müllen K, Weil T. Dendronized albumin core-shell transporters with high drug loading capacity. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:367-76. [PMID: 23210662 DOI: 10.1021/bm301531c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of a core-shell biohybrid consisting of a human serum albumin (HSA) core that serves as a reservoir for lipophilic molecules and a cationized shell region consisting of ethynyl-G2.0-PAMAM or ethynyl-G3.0-PAMAM dendrons. The binding capacity of lipophilic guests was quantified applying electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and five to six out of seven pockets were still available compared with HSA. The attachment of ethynyl-G2.0-PAMAM dendrons to HSA yielded a nontoxic core-shell macromolecule that was clearly uptaken by A549 human epithelial cells due to the presence of the dendritic PAMAM shell. Significantly higher loading of doxorubicin was observed for dendronized G2-DHSA compared with the native protein due to the availability of binding pockets of the HSA core, and interaction with the dendritic shell. Dendronized G2-DHSA-doxorubicin displayed significant cytotoxicity resulting from high drug loading and high stability under different conditions, thus demonstrating its great potential as a transporter for drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seah Ling Kuan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, Germany
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27
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Petrov PD, Ivanova NI, Apostolova MD, Tsvetanov CB. Biodegradable polymer network encapsulated polyplex for DNA delivery. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra21890b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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28
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Schallon A, Synatschke CV, Jérôme V, Müller AHE, Freitag R. Nanoparticulate nonviral agent for the effective delivery of pDNA and siRNA to differentiated cells and primary human T lymphocytes. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3463-74. [PMID: 23020076 DOI: 10.1021/bm3012055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of polynucleotides such as plasmid DNA (pDNA) and siRNA to nondividing and primary cells by nonviral vectors presents a considerable challenge. In this contribution, we introduce a novel type of PDMAEMA-based star-shaped nanoparticles that (i) are efficient transfection agents in clinically relevant and difficult-to-transfect human cells (Jurkat T cells, primary T lymphocytes) and (ii) can efficiently deliver siRNA to human primary T lymphocytes resulting to more than 40% silencing of the targeted gene. Transfection efficiencies achieved by the new vectors in serum-free medium are generally high and only slightly reduced in the presence of serum, while cytotoxicity and cell membrane disruptive potential at physiological pH are low. Therefore, these novel agents are expected to be promising carriers for nonviral gene transfer. Moreover, we propose a general design principle for the construction of polycationic nanoparticles capable of delivering nucleic acids to the above-mentioned cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schallon
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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29
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Wang M, Tucker JD, Lu P, Wu B, Cloer C, Lu Q. Tris[2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]isocyanurate cross-linked low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine as gene delivery carriers in cell culture and dystrophic mdx mice. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:837-45. [PMID: 22443086 DOI: 10.1021/bc200674e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperbranched poly(ester amine)s (PEAs) were successfully synthesized by Michael addition reaction between tris[2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]isocyanurate (TAEI) and low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine (LPEI, M(w) 0.8k, 1.2k, and 2.0k) and evaluated in vitro and in vivo as gene carriers. PEAs effectively condensed plasmid DNA with particle sizes below 200 nm and surface charges between 11.5 and 33.5 mV under tested doses [at the ratios 2-10:1 of polymer/pDNA(w/w)]. The PEAs showed significantly lower cytotoxicities when compared with PEI 25k in two different cell lines. The PEAs (C series) composed of PEI 2k showed higher transgene expression compared to PEAs of PEI 0.8k (A series) or 1.2k (B series). Highest gene transfection efficiency in CHO, C2C12 myoblast, and human skeletal muscle (HSK) cell lines was obtained with TAEI/PEI-2K (C12) at a ratio of 1:2. Both C12, C14(TAEI/PEI-2K at a ratio of 1:4) demonstrated 5-8-fold higher gene expression as compared with PEI 25k in mdx mice in vivo through intramuscular administration. No obvious muscle damage was observed with these new polymers. Higher transfection efficiency and lower toxicity indicate the potential of the biodegradable PEAs as safe and efficient transgene delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Wang
- Department of Neurology, McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Neuromuscular/ALS Center, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28231, USA.
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30
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Polymer coatings for delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics. J Control Release 2012; 161:537-53. [PMID: 22366547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery remains the greatest challenge in applying nucleic acid therapeutic for a broad range of diseases. Combining stability during the delivery phase with activation and transgene expression following arrival at the target site requires sophisticated vectors that can discriminate between cell types and respond to target-associated conditions to trigger expression. Efficient intravenous delivery is the greatest single hurdle, with synthetic vectors frequently found to be unstable in the harsh conditions of the bloodstream, and viral vectors often recognized avidly by both the innate and the adaptive immune system. Both types of vectors benefit from coating with hydrophilic polymers. Self-assembling polyelectrolyte non-viral vectors can achieve both steric and lateral stabilization following surface coating, endowing them with much improved systemic circulation properties and better access to disseminated targets; similarly viral vectors can be 'stealthed' and their physical properties modulated by surface coating. Both types of vectors may also have their tropism changed following chemical linkage of novel ligands to the polymer coating. These families of vectors go some way towards realizing the goal of efficient systemic delivery of genes and should find a range of important uses in bringing this still-emerging field to fruition.
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31
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Brumbach JH, Lee YW, Kim SW, Yockman JW. Functional properties and biodistribution of poly(triethylenetetramine/cystamine bisacrylamide) and poly(triethylenetetramine/cystamine bisacrylamide)- poly(ethylene glycol) mixtures formed with nucleic acid. J Control Release 2012; 159:111-9. [PMID: 22286007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The clinical success of non-viral gene delivery reagents is hampered by their inefficient cellular transgene delivery, which is largely influenced by carrier properties that are currently undefined and misunderstood. In an attempt to further define and understand the requirements for a safe and efficient non-viral gene delivery reagent, research labs often engineer and evaluate many putative products with subtle physiochemical differences in order to delineate requirements for improved in vitro and in vivo success. The synthesis of many putative reagents is often time-intensive, laborious and costly. In a previous manuscript published by our lab, different amounts of poly(triethylenetetramine/cystamine bisacrylamide) (p(TETA/CBA) and its pegylated counterpart, poly(triethylenetetramine/cystamine bisacrylamide)- poly(ethylene glycol) (p(TETA/CBA)-g-PEG) were mixed together to easily identify optimal reagent properties and candidates in vitro, while avoiding the synthesis of many putative candidates for study. This report uses the aforementioned facile approach to evaluate reagent properties of products that were obtained via one-pot synthesis, which improved synthetic ease. As such, synthesis time was reduced from 6days to 3days and had comparable or improved transfection and viability compared to previous works. Moreover, this synthesis resulted in higher molecular weight products than were used in the previous study and allow for lower polymer doses to be used for complexation, which is useful for systemic delivery that is used herein. The physiochemical properties of the formulations derived using these novel reagents was studied prior to investigating their in vivo biodistribution profiles in a murine colon adenocarcinoma model. Interestingly, negatively charged complexes exhibited greater passive tumor accumulation compared to positively charged complexes following their systemic administration. These studies warrant further investigation for the use of negatively charged drug and gene delivery reagents for passive tumor targeting, and they substantiate the use of polycation/PEG-polycation mixtures for facile product evaluation in order to elucidate design and formulation mandates for the clinical success of non-viral gene delivery formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Brumbach
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 20 S. 2030 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112–5820, USA
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32
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Chen L, Zhang M, Liu Z, Gu Z, Tu Y, Ni P. Fabrication of Gene Carrier via Self-assembly of Poly[(dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate] and Poly(aspartic acid)-grafted-Poly(ethylene glycol). JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2011.614845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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Cho HY, Srinivasan A, Hong J, Hsu E, Liu S, Shrivats A, Kwak D, Bohaty AK, Paik HJ, Hollinger JO, Matyjaszewski K. Synthesis of Biocompatible PEG-Based Star Polymers with Cationic and Degradable Core for siRNA Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3478-86. [DOI: 10.1021/bm2006455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Y. Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Abiraman Srinivasan
- Bone Tissue Engineering Center, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Joanna Hong
- Bone Tissue Engineering Center, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Eric Hsu
- Bone Tissue Engineering Center, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Shiguang Liu
- Bone Tissue Engineering Center, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Arun Shrivats
- Bone Tissue Engineering Center, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Dan Kwak
- Bone Tissue Engineering Center, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Andrew K. Bohaty
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hyun-jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jeffrey O. Hollinger
- Bone Tissue Engineering Center, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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34
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Physicochemical and biological evaluation of siRNA polyplexes based on PEGylated Poly(amido amine)s. Pharm Res 2011; 29:352-61. [PMID: 21833793 PMCID: PMC3264854 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Use of RNA interference as novel therapeutic strategy is hampered by inefficient delivery of its mediator, siRNA, to target cells. Cationic polymers have been thoroughly investigated for this purpose but often display unfavorable characteristics for systemic administration, such as interactions with serum and/or toxicity. METHODS We report the synthesis of a new PEGylated polymer based on biodegradable poly(amido amine)s with disulfide linkages in the backbone. Various amounts of PEGylated polymers were mixed with their unPEGylated counterparts prior to polyplex formation to alter PEG content in the final complex. RESULTS PEGylation effectively decreased polyplex surface charge, salt- or serum-induced aggregation and interaction with erythrocytes. Increasing amount of PEG in formulation also reduced its stability against heparin displacement, cellular uptake and subsequent silencing efficiency. Yet, for polyplexes with high PEG content, significant gene silencing efficacy was found, which was combined with almost no toxicity. CONCLUSIONS PEGylated poly(amido amine)s are promising carriers for systemic siRNA delivery in vivo.
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35
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Gao Y, Yin Q, Chen L, Zhang Z, Li Y. Linear cationic click polymers/DNA nanoparticles: in vitro structure-activity relationship and in vivo evaluation for gene delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:1153-61. [PMID: 21563832 DOI: 10.1021/bc200008j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to explore the structure--activity relationships (SAR) of a series of novel linear cationic click polymers with various structures for in vitro gene delivery and in vivo gene transfer. The experimental results revealed that the minimal structure variation could result in a crucial effect on DNA-binding ability, buffering capacity, and the cellular delivery capacity of polymer, all of which brought about the obvious effects on their transfection efficiencies. The polymer synthesized from diazide monomer containing bis-ethylenediamine unit and dialykene monomer containing bis-ethylene glycol unit (B(2)) could effectively condense DNA into complex nanoparticles (B(2)Ns), which showed the highest in vitro transfection efficiency. The biodistribution and transfection efficiency of B(2)Ns in nude mice bearing tumor demonstrated the ability of effectively delivering DNA into tumor tissue. These results implied that this gene vector based on linear cationic click polymer could be a promising gene delivery system for tumor gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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36
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Brumbach JH, Lin C, Yockman J, Kim WJ, Blevins KS, Engbersen JFJ, Feijen J, Kim SW. Mixtures of poly(triethylenetetramine/cystamine bisacrylamide) and poly(triethylenetetramine/cystamine bisacrylamide)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) for improved gene delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 21:1753-61. [PMID: 20882996 DOI: 10.1021/bc900522x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Branched disulfide-containing poly(amido ethyleneimines) (SS-PAEIs) are biodegradable polymeric gene carrier analogues of the well-studied, nondegradable, and often toxic branched polyethylenimines (bPEIs), but with distinct advantages for cellular transgene delivery. Clinical success of polycationic gene carriers is hampered by obscure design and formulation requirements. This present work reports synthetic and formulation properties for a graft copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and a branched SS-PAEI, poly(triethylentetramine/cystaminebisacrylamide) (p(TETA/CBA)). Several laboratories have previously demonstrated the advantages of PEG conjugation to gene carriers, but have also shown that PEG conjugation may perturb plasmid DNA (pDNA) condensation, thereby interfering with nanoparticle formation. With this foundation, our studies sought to mix various amounts of p(TETA/CBA) and p(TETA/CBA)-g-PEG2k to alter the relative amount of PEG in each formulation used for polyplex formation. The influence of different PEG/polycation amounts in the formulations on polymer/nucleic acid nanoparticle (polyplex) size, surface charge, morphology, serum stability and transgene delivery was studied. Polyplex formulations were prepared using p(TETA/CBA)-g-PEG2k, p(TETA/CBA), and mixtures of the two species at 10/90 and 50/50 volumetric mixture ratios (wt/wt %), respectively. As expected, increasing the amount of PEG in the formulation adversely affects polyplex formation. However, optimal polymer mixtures could be identified using this facile approach to further clarify design and formulation requirements necessary to understand and optimize carrier stability and biological activity. This work demonstrates the feasibility to easily overcome typical problems observed when polycations are modified and thus avoids the need to synthesize multiple copolymers to identify optimal gene carrier candidates. This approach may be applied to other polycation-PEG preparations to alter polyplex characteristics for optimal stability and biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Brumbach
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5820, USA
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Smith D, Holley AC, McCormick CL. RAFT-synthesized copolymers and conjugates designed for therapeutic delivery of siRNA. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Intra J, Salem AK. Fabrication, characterization and in vitro evaluation of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles loaded with polyamidoamine-plasmid DNA dendriplexes for applications in nonviral gene delivery. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:368-84. [PMID: 19670295 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report, for the first time, on the preparation, characterization and in vitro testing of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles loaded with polyamidoamine (PAMAM)-plasmid DNA (pDNA) dendriplexes. Loading of pDNA into the PLGA microparticles increased by 150% when pDNA was first complexed with PAMAM dendrimers relative to loading of pDNA alone. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the presence of PAMAM dendrimers in the PLGA microparticles created porous features and indentations on the surface of the microparticles. Loading PLGA microparticles with PAMAM-pDNA dendriplexes lowered the average PLGA microparticle size and changed the surface charge of the microparticles from negative to positive when compared to PLGA microparticles loaded with pDNA alone. The zetapotential and buffering capacity of the microparticles increased as the generation of the PAMAM dendrimer loaded in the PLGA microparticles increased. Gel electrophoresis assays showed that all the PLGA microparticle formulations were able to entrap the pDNA within the PLGA matrix. There was no significant difference in the cytotoxicity of PLGA microparticles loaded with PAMAM-pDNA dendriplexes when compared to PLGA microparticles loaded with pDNA alone. Furthermore, and in contrast to PAMAM dendrimers alone, the generation of the PAMAM dendrimer loaded in the PLGA microparticles had no significant impact on cytotoxicity or transfection efficiencies in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) or Monkey African green kidney fibroblast-like (COS7) cells. The transfection efficiency of PLGA microparticles loaded with generation 3 (G3) PAMAM-pDNA dendriplexes was significantly higher than PLGA microparticles loaded with pDNA alone in HEK293 and COS7 cells. PLGA microparticles loaded with G3 PAMAM-pDNA dendriplexes generated equivalent transfection efficiencies as (G3 to G6) PAMAM-pDNA dendriplexes alone in COS7 cells when the transfection was carried out in serum containing media. The delivery system developed in this report has low toxicity, high pDNA loading efficiencies and high transfection efficiencies that are not reduced in the presence of serum. A delivery system with these characteristics is expected to have significant potential for translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janjira Intra
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Blacklock J, Mao G, Oupický D, Möhwald H. DNA release dynamics from bioreducible layer-by-layer films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:8597-8605. [PMID: 20131916 PMCID: PMC2877163 DOI: 10.1021/la904673r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
DNA release dynamics from layer-by-layer (LbL) films is an important aspect to consider with regards to localized gene delivery systems. The rate of DNA release and the condensation state of DNA during release are of particular interest in the field of gene delivery. A hyperbranched poly(amido amine) (RHB) containing bioreducible disulfide bonds is used to form interpolyelectrolyte complexes with DNA during LbL film assembly. During film disassembly, DNA is released in physiologic conditions due to the reducing nature of the RHB. Uncondensed DNA deposited on the surface was compared to DNA condensed by RHB in polyplex form by using two types of LbL films, RHB/DNA/RHB and polyplex terminated films, RHB/DNA/polyplex. LbL films with up to three layers are used in order to facilitate high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. X-ray reflectivity, ellipsometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are also used. The film disassembly, rearrangement, and release of molecules from the surface due to thiol-disulfide exchange is conducted in reducing dithiothreitol (DTT) solutions. Salt is found to accelerate the overall rate of film disassembly. Additionally, it was found that the polyplex layer disassembles faster than the DNA layer. The predominant intermediate structure is the toroid structure for the polyplex layer and the fiber bundle structure for the DNA layer during film disassembly. This study offers a simple means to modulate DNA release from LbL films by utilizing both condensed and uncondensed DNA in different layers. The study highlights nanostructures, toroids, and bundles as dominant intermediate DNA structures during DNA release from LbL films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Blacklock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) with Oligoamine Side Chains as Efficient Gene Vectors. Macromol Biosci 2010; 10:183-91. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200900183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Üzgün S, Akdemir Ö, Hasenpusch G, Maucksch C, Golas MM, Sander B, Stark H, Imker R, Lutz JF, Rudolph C. Characterization of Tailor-Made Copolymers of Oligo(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate and N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate as Nonviral Gene Transfer Agents: Influence of Macromolecular Structure on Gene Vector Particle Properties and Transfection Efficiency. Biomacromolecules 2009; 11:39-50. [DOI: 10.1021/bm9008759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Senta Üzgün
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80337 Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Free University of Berlin, 12169 Berlin, Germany, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Goettingen, Germany, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Stereology and EM Research Laboratory, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, and Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie,
| | - Özgür Akdemir
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80337 Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Free University of Berlin, 12169 Berlin, Germany, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Goettingen, Germany, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Stereology and EM Research Laboratory, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, and Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie,
| | - Günther Hasenpusch
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80337 Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Free University of Berlin, 12169 Berlin, Germany, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Goettingen, Germany, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Stereology and EM Research Laboratory, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, and Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie,
| | - Christof Maucksch
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80337 Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Free University of Berlin, 12169 Berlin, Germany, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Goettingen, Germany, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Stereology and EM Research Laboratory, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, and Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie,
| | - Monika M. Golas
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80337 Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Free University of Berlin, 12169 Berlin, Germany, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Goettingen, Germany, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Stereology and EM Research Laboratory, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, and Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie,
| | - Bjoern Sander
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80337 Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Free University of Berlin, 12169 Berlin, Germany, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Goettingen, Germany, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Stereology and EM Research Laboratory, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, and Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie,
| | - Holger Stark
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80337 Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Free University of Berlin, 12169 Berlin, Germany, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Goettingen, Germany, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Stereology and EM Research Laboratory, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, and Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie,
| | - Rabea Imker
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80337 Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Free University of Berlin, 12169 Berlin, Germany, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Goettingen, Germany, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Stereology and EM Research Laboratory, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, and Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie,
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80337 Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Free University of Berlin, 12169 Berlin, Germany, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Goettingen, Germany, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Stereology and EM Research Laboratory, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, and Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie,
| | - Carsten Rudolph
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80337 Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Free University of Berlin, 12169 Berlin, Germany, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Goettingen, Germany, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Stereology and EM Research Laboratory, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, and Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie,
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Abstract
Polymeric materials have been applied in therapeutic applications, such as drug delivery and tissue regeneration, for decades owing to their biocompatibility and suitable mechanical properties. In addition, select polymer-drug conjugates have been used as bioactive pharmaceuticals owing to their increased drug efficacy, solubility, and target specificity compared with small-molecule drugs. Increased synthetic control of polymer properties has permitted the production of polymer assemblies for the targeted and controlled delivery of drugs, and polymeric sequestrants take advantage of their lack of solubility for the sequestration of target molecules in vivo. In more recent studies reviewed in greater detail here, the properties of polymers that distinguish them from small-molecule drugs, such as their high molecular weight and their ability to display multiple pendant moieties, have been specifically exploited for activating cellular targets or inhibiting the binding of pathogens. The elucidation of relevant structure-function relationships in investigations of this kind has relied on the combination of living polymerization methods with chemical conjugation methods, and protein engineering methods have shown increasing potential in the manipulation of architectural features of such polymer therapeutics. Garnering a detailed understanding of the various mechanisms by which multivalent polymers engage biological targets is certain to expand the role of polymers as therapeutics, by enabling highly specific activities of designed polymers in the biological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, Delaware 19711
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric E. Simanek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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Pérès B, Richardeau N, Jarroux N, Guégan P, Auvray L. Two Independent Ways of Preparing Hypercharged Hydrolyzable Polyaminorotaxane. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2007-13. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800247c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Basile Pérès
- Laboratoire Matériaux Polymères aux Interfaces, UMR CNRS 7182, University of Evry, bld. Mitterrand, 91025 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Richardeau
- Laboratoire Matériaux Polymères aux Interfaces, UMR CNRS 7182, University of Evry, bld. Mitterrand, 91025 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Jarroux
- Laboratoire Matériaux Polymères aux Interfaces, UMR CNRS 7182, University of Evry, bld. Mitterrand, 91025 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Guégan
- Laboratoire Matériaux Polymères aux Interfaces, UMR CNRS 7182, University of Evry, bld. Mitterrand, 91025 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Loïc Auvray
- Laboratoire Matériaux Polymères aux Interfaces, UMR CNRS 7182, University of Evry, bld. Mitterrand, 91025 Evry Cedex, France
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de Wolf HK, Johansson N, Thong AT, Snel CJ, Mastrobattista E, Hennink WE, Storm G. Plasmid CpG depletion improves degree and duration of tumor gene expression after intravenous administration of polyplexes. Pharm Res 2008; 25:1654-62. [PMID: 18317886 PMCID: PMC2440937 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Tumor gene expression after the intravenous (i.v.) administration of current polymer-based gene delivery systems is generally low and short-lived. Immune stimulatory CpG dinucleotides, present within the plasmid DNA of the polyplexes are likely to contribute to this. The effect of CpG replacement on the levels of transgene expression was studied, after the i.v. administration of polyethylenimine (PEI) polyplexes. Methods Tumor transfection and immune stimulation of PEI polyplexes containing plasmid DNA encoding for luciferase and rich in CpG motifs was monitored and compared to polyplexes containing the same gene but devoid of CpG motifs. Lipoplexes based on 1,2-dioleyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane/dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine liposomes were included as a control. Results The replacement of CpGrich DNA by CpGfree DNA did neither affect the physical properties of the DNA complexes nor did it affect their in vitro transfection activity or cytotoxicity. The immune stimulation (interleukin-12) after i.v. administration of the PEI DNA complexes was low and unaffected by the presence of CpG motifs. The absence of CpG motifs within the different DNA complexes improved the degree and the duration of organ and tumor gene expression. Conclusion The depletion of CpG dinucleotides within the plasmid DNA of polyplexes enhances the degree and duration of in vivo transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger K de Wolf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Dai S, Ravi P, Tam KC. pH-Responsive polymers: synthesis, properties and applications. SOFT MATTER 2008; 4:435-449. [PMID: 32907201 DOI: 10.1039/b714741d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
pH-Responsive polymers are systems whose solubility, volume, and chain conformation can be manipulated by changes in pH, co-solvent, and electrolytes. This review summarizes recent developments covering synthesis, physicochemical properties, and applications in various disciplines. A variety of synthetic methodologies comprising of emulsion polymerization and living radical polymerization techniques are described, and some of their salient features are highlighted. Several polymeric systems, such as homopolymers, block copolymers, microgels, hydrogels and polymer brushes at interfaces are reviewed, where important characteristics that govern their behavior in solutions are described. Potential applications of these systems in controlled drug delivery, personal and home care, industrial coatings, biological and membrane science, viscosity modifiers, colloid stabilization, and water remediation, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Dai
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Palaniswamy Ravi
- Innovation Centre, 3M Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd, 100 Woodlands Avenue 7, 738205, Singapore
| | - Kam Chiu Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Fichter KM, Zhang L, Kiick KL, Reineke TM. Peptide-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) star polymers: DNA delivery vehicles with multivalent molecular architecture. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:76-88. [PMID: 17915935 PMCID: PMC2650482 DOI: 10.1021/bc0701141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exploring the development of nonviral nucleic acid delivery vectors with progressive, specific, and novel designs in molecular architecture is a fundamental way to investigate how aspects of chemical and physical structure impact the transfection process. In this study, macromolecules comprised of a four-arm star poly(ethylene glycol) and termini modified with one of five different heparin binding peptides have been investigated for their ability to bind, compact, and deliver DNA to mammalian cells in vitro. These new delivery vectors combine a PEG-derived stabilizing moiety with peptides that exhibit unique cell-surface binding ability in a molecular architecture that permits multivalent presentation of the cationic peptides. Five peptide sequences of varying heparin binding affinity were studied; each was found to sufficiently bind heparin for biological application. Additionally, the macromolecules were able to bind and compact DNA into particles of proper size for endocytosis. In biological studies, the PEG-star peptides displayed a range of toxicity and transfection efficiency dependent on the peptide identity. The vectors equipped with peptides of highest heparin binding affinity were found to bind DNA tightly, increase levels of cellular internalization, and display the most promising transfection qualities. Our results suggest heparin binding peptides with specific sequences hold more potential than nonspecific cationic polymers to optimize transfection efficiency while maintaining cell viability. Furthermore, the built-in multivalency of these macromolecules may allow simultaneous binding of both DNA at the core of the polyplex and heparan sulfate on the surface of the cell. This scheme may facilitate a bridging transport mechanism, tethering DNA to the surface of the cell and subsequently ushering therapeutic nucleic acids into the cell. This multivalent star shape is therefore a promising architectural feature that may be exploited in the design of future polycationic gene delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katye M. Fichter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, Delaware 19716-3106
| | - Kristi L. Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, Delaware 19716-3106
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172
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Lin S, Du F, Wang Y, Ji S, Liang D, Yu L, Li Z. An Acid-Labile Block Copolymer of PDMAEMA and PEG as Potential Carrier for Intelligent Gene Delivery Systems. Biomacromolecules 2007; 9:109-15. [DOI: 10.1021/bm7008747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China, and Nitto Denko Technical Corporation, 501 Via Del Monte, Oceanside, California 92010
| | - Fusheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China, and Nitto Denko Technical Corporation, 501 Via Del Monte, Oceanside, California 92010
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China, and Nitto Denko Technical Corporation, 501 Via Del Monte, Oceanside, California 92010
| | - Shouping Ji
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China, and Nitto Denko Technical Corporation, 501 Via Del Monte, Oceanside, California 92010
| | - Dehai Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China, and Nitto Denko Technical Corporation, 501 Via Del Monte, Oceanside, California 92010
| | - Lei Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China, and Nitto Denko Technical Corporation, 501 Via Del Monte, Oceanside, California 92010
| | - Zichen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China, and Nitto Denko Technical Corporation, 501 Via Del Monte, Oceanside, California 92010
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You YZ, Manickam DS, Zhou QH, Oupický D. Reducible poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate): synthesis, cytotoxicity, and gene delivery activity. J Control Release 2007; 122:217-225. [PMID: 17574292 PMCID: PMC2063492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Reducible polycations represent promising carriers of therapeutic nucleic acids. Oligomers of 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) containing terminal thiol groups were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using difunctional chain transfer agent. Reducible poly(DMAEMA) (rPDMAEMA) was synthesized by oxidation of the terminal thiol groups, forming a polymer with disulfide bonds in the backbone. Physico-chemical properties of DNA polyplexes of rPDMAEMA were evaluated by dynamic and static light scattering methods, revealing lower structural density and DNA content than control PDMAEMA polyplexes. Cytotoxicity and transfection activity of rPDMAEMA-based DNA polyplexes were evaluated in vitro. In comparison with control PDMAEMA, only minimum toxic effects of rPDMAEMA were observed in a panel of cell lines. Transfection activity was tested in B16F10 mouse melanoma and six human pancreatic cancer cell lines. rPDMAEMA polyplexes showed a comparable or better activity than control PDMAEMA polyplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Zi You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | - Qing-Hui Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - David Oupický
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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