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Cid-Bertomeu P, Vilaltella M, Martínez M, Mir M, Huerva V. Topical Insulin for Ocular Surface Disease. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2024; 40:204-214. [PMID: 38527183 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2024.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 receptors are present in ocular tissues such as corneal epithelium, keratocytes, and conjunctival cells. Insulin plays a crucial role in the growth, differentiation, and proliferation of corneal epithelial cells, as well as in wound healing processes in various tissues. Purpose: This review explores the potential role of topical insulin in the treatment of ocular surface diseases. Specifically, it examines its impact on corneal nerve regeneration, sub-basal plexus corneal nerves, and its application in conditions like corneal epithelial defects, dry eye disease, and diabetic keratopathy. Methods: The review analyzes studies conducted over the past decade that have investigated the use of topical insulin in ocular surface diseases. It focuses on indications, drug preparation methods, side effects, efficacy outcomes, and variations in insulin concentrations and dosages used. Results: While off-label use of topical insulin has shown promising results in refractory corneal epithelial defects, its efficacy in dry eye disease is yet to be demonstrated. Variations in concentrations, dilutions, and dosing guidelines have been reported. However, limited data on ocular penetration, ocular toxicity, and systemic side effects pose challenges to its widespread utility. Conclusion: This review synthesizes findings from ocular investigations on topical insulin to assess its potential applicability in treating ocular surface and corneal diseases. By highlighting indications, preparation methods, side effects, and efficacy outcomes, it aims to provide insights into the current status and future prospects of using topical insulin in ophthalmic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Cid-Bertomeu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Magí Vilaltella
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mireia Martínez
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Mir
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Valentín Huerva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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2
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Sarangi M, Padhi S, Rath G. Non-Invasive Delivery of Insulin for Breaching Hindrances against Diabetes. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2024; 41:1-64. [PMID: 38608132 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2023048197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Insulin is recognized as a crucial weapon in managing diabetes. Subcutaneous (s.c.) injections are the traditional approach for insulin administration, which usually have many limitations. Numerous alternative (non-invasive) slants through different routes have been explored by the researchers for making needle-free delivery of insulin for attaining its augmented absorption as well as bioavailability. The current review delineating numerous pros and cons of several novel approaches of non-invasive insulin delivery by overcoming many of their hurdles. Primary information on the topic was gathered by searching scholarly articles from PubMed added with extraction of data from auxiliary manuscripts. Many approaches (discussed in the article) are meant for the delivery of a safe, effective, stable, and patient friendly administration of insulin via buccal, oral, inhalational, transdermal, intranasal, ocular, vaginal and rectal routes. Few of them have proven their clinical efficacy for maintaining the glycemic levels, whereas others are under the investigational pipe line. The developed products are comprising of many advanced micro/nano composite technologies and few of them might be entering into the market in near future, thereby garnishing the hopes of millions of diabetics who are under the network of s.c. insulin injections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasmita Padhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Malhaur Railway Station Road, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Pin-201313, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar-751030, Odisha, India
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3
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Jouyban A, Acree WE. A single model to represent physico-chemical properties of liquid mixtures at various temperatures. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Wang Z, Wang J, Kahkoska AR, Buse JB, Gu Z. Developing Insulin Delivery Devices with Glucose Responsiveness. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:31-44. [PMID: 33250274 PMCID: PMC7758938 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetes require daily insulin therapy to maintain blood glucose levels in normoglycemic ranges to prevent associated morbidity and mortality. Optimal insulin delivery should offer both precise dosing in response to real-time blood glucose levels as well as a feasible and low-burden administration route to promote long-term adherence. A series of glucose-responsive insulin delivery mechanisms and devices have been reported to increase patient compliance while mitigating the risk of hypoglycemia. This review discusses currently available insulin delivery devices, overviews recent developments towards the generation of glucose-responsive delivery systems, and provides commentary on the opportunities and barriers ahead regarding the integration and translation of current glucose-responsive insulin delivery designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jinqiang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Anna R Kahkoska
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - John B Buse
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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5
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Ma Q, Luo R, Zhang H, Dai M, Bai L, Fei Q, Lei F, He N. Design, Characterization, and Application of a pH-Triggered In Situ Gel for Ocular Delivery of Vinpocetine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:253. [PMID: 32888086 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a pH-triggered in situ gel (ISG) for ocular delivery of vinpocetine to achieve systemic absorption and a brain-targeting effect in rats. Carbopol acted as a gelling agent combined with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a viscosity-enhancing agent. The concentration of Carbopol (0.2%, w/v) and HPMC (1.5%, w/v) was optimized for the ISG system. The optimized formulation was evaluated for studies on release in vitro, rheology, differential scanning calorimetry, ocular irritation, residence time, and in vivo pharmacokinetics. The vinpocetine ISG stayed longer in rabbit eyes than vinpocetine ointment. In vivo pharmacokinetics showed that compared with vinpocetine ointment, vinpocetine ISG attained a peak plasma concentration and area under the curve that was 1-2 folds greater in rat plasma. The Drug Targeting Index (DTI) was 1.06 and 1.26 for vinpocetine ointment and vinpocetine ISG, respectively, after ocular administration, showing that vinpocetine ISG had better distribution in rat brain. These results revealed that a pH-triggered ISG system via ocular administration could be an alternative approach compared with traditional ophthalmic formulations.
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Bertens CJ, Gijs M, van den Biggelaar FJ, Nuijts RM. Topical drug delivery devices: A review. Exp Eye Res 2018; 168:149-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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Agrawal GR, Wakte P, Shelke S. Formulation, physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation of human insulin-loaded microspheres as potential oral carrier. Prog Biomater 2017; 6:125-136. [PMID: 28864917 PMCID: PMC5597563 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-017-0072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The objective of the present investigation was to formulate and characterize the human insulin entrapped Eudragit S100 microspheres containing protease inhibitors and to develop an optimized formulation with desirable features. A w/o/w multiple emulsion solvent evaporation technique was employed to produce microspheres of human insulin using Eudragit S-100 as coating material and polyvinyl alcohol as a stabilizer. The resultant microspheres were evaluated for drug-excipient compatibility, encapsulation efficiency, particle size, surface morphology, micromeritic properties, enteric nature, and in vitro drug release studies. Micromeritic properties indicated good flow properties and compressibility. In present investigation formulation F6 with drug/polymer ratio (1:100) was found to be optimal in terms of evaluated parameters where it showed a significantly higher percentage of encapsulation efficiency (76.84%) with minimal drug release (3.25%) in an acidic environment. The optimized formulation (F6) also possessed good spherical shape and particle size (57.42 µm) required to achieve the desired in vitro drug release profile at pH 7.4. The results confirmed that human insulin-loaded Eudragit S-100 microspheres containing protease inhibitor possessed good encapsulation efficiency, pH dependant controlled release carrying encapsulated insulin to its optimum site of absorption. This ultimately resulted in enhanced insulin absorption and biological response. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauravkumar R Agrawal
- Department of Chemical Technology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431004, India.
| | - Pravin Wakte
- Department of Chemical Technology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431004, India
| | - Santosh Shelke
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yash Institute of Pharmacy, Bajaj Nagar, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431134, India
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8
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Nakadate Y, Sato T, Sato H, Koeva V, Schricker T. Hypoglycaemia after accidental ocular insulin injection. Br J Anaesth 2017; 118:640-641. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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9
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Wang M, Shan F, Zou Y, Sun X, Zhang ZR, Fu Y, Gong T. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of a phospholipid-based phase separation gel for once a month administration of octreotide. J Control Release 2016; 230:45-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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10
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Ibraheem D, Elaissari A, Fessi H. Administration strategies for proteins and peptides. Int J Pharm 2014; 477:578-89. [PMID: 25445533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are a vital constituent of the body as they perform many of its major physiological and biological processes. Recently, proteins and peptides have attracted much attention as potential treatments for various dangerous and traditionally incurable diseases such as cancer, AIDS, dwarfism and autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, proteins could be used for diagnostics. At present, most therapeutic proteins are administered via parenteral routes that have many drawbacks, for example, they are painful, expensive and may cause toxicity. Finding more effective, easier and safer alternative routes for administering proteins and peptides is the key to therapeutic and commercial success. In this context, much research has been focused on non-invasive routes such as nasal, pulmonary, oral, ocular, and rectal for administering proteins and peptides. Unfortunately, the widespread use of proteins and peptides as drugs is still faced by many obstacles such as low bioavailability, short half-life in the blood stream, in vivo instability and numerous other problems. In order to overcome these hurdled and improve protein/peptide drug efficacy, various strategies have been developed such as permeability enhancement, enzyme inhibition, protein structure modification and protection by encapsulation. This review provides a detailed description of all the previous points in order to highlight the importance and potential of proteins and peptides as drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ibraheem
- University of Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France, University Lyon-1, Villeurbanne, CNRS, UMR-5007, LAGEP- CPE, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Elaissari
- University of Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France, University Lyon-1, Villeurbanne, CNRS, UMR-5007, LAGEP- CPE, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - H Fessi
- University of Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France, University Lyon-1, Villeurbanne, CNRS, UMR-5007, LAGEP- CPE, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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11
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Mitragotri S, Burke PA, Langer R. Overcoming the challenges in administering biopharmaceuticals: formulation and delivery strategies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2014; 13:655-72. [PMID: 25103255 PMCID: PMC4455970 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1081] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The formulation and delivery of biopharmaceutical drugs, such as monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins, poses substantial challenges owing to their large size and susceptibility to degradation. In this Review we highlight recent advances in formulation and delivery strategies--such as the use of microsphere-based controlled-release technologies, protein modification methods that make use of polyethylene glycol and other polymers, and genetic manipulation of biopharmaceutical drugs--and discuss their advantages and limitations. We also highlight current and emerging delivery routes that provide an alternative to injection, including transdermal, oral and pulmonary delivery routes. In addition, the potential of targeted and intracellular protein delivery is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 92106, USA
| | - Paul A Burke
- Burke Bioventures LLC, 277 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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12
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Preparation and characterization of insulin-loaded bioadhesive PLGA nanoparticles for oral administration. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 45:632-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Revised: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Preparation and characterization of chitosan–polyvinyl alcohol blend hydrogels for the controlled release of nano-insulin. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:82-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Abdelkader H, Patel DV, McGhee CN, Alany RG. New therapeutic approaches in the treatment of diabetic keratopathy: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2011; 39:259-70. [PMID: 20973888 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cornea is densely innervated, and the integrity of these nerve fibres is critical in maintaining the refractive and protective functions of the cornea. Many ocular and systemic diseases can adversely affect corneal sensory nerves and consequently impair their function, with vision loss being the inevitable consequence of severe corneal neurotrophic ulceration. However, current standard treatments regimens are often ineffective. Over the past three decades, the role of growth factors in maintaining the normal structure and function of the cornea, and in corneal epithelial healing, has become increasingly evident. Many preclinical and clinical trials have shown that growth factors and cytokines can significantly enhance epithelialization (epithelial proliferation and migration) and consequently accelerate wound healing. More recently, local/topical administration of insulin, naltrexone (opioid antagonist) and nicergoline (ergoline derivatives) were found to improve, and significantly increase, the corneal wound healing rate. This report reviews the major attributes of these growth factors and therapeutic agents that may be used in ameliorating impaired corneal wound healing, and presents a perspective on the potential clinical use of these agents as a new generation of ophthalmic pharmaceuticals for the treatment of diabetic keratopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy Abdelkader
- Drug Delivery Research Unit (2DRU), School of Pharmacy Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, United Kingdom
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15
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Zhao X, Zu Y, Zu S, Wang D, Zhang Y, Zu B. Insulin nanoparticles for transdermal delivery: preparation and physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 36:1177-85. [PMID: 20367030 DOI: 10.3109/03639041003695089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM This work is aimed to study the feasibility of insulin nanoparticles for transdermal drug delivery (TDD) using supercritical antisolvent (SAS) micronization process. METHODS The influences of various experimental factors on the mean particle size (MPS) of insulin nanoparticles were investigated. Moreover, the insulin nanoparticles obtained were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. RESULTS Under optimum conditions, uniform spherical insulin nanoparticles with a MPS of 68.2 +/- 10.8 nm were obtained. The Physicochemical characterization results showed that SAS process has not induced degradation of insulin. Evaluation in vitro showed that insulin nanoparticles were accorded with the Fick's first diffusion law and had a high permeation rate. CONCLUSION These results suggest that insulin nanoparticles can have a great potential in TDD systems of diabetes chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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16
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Khafagy ES, Morishita M, Onuki Y, Takayama K. Current challenges in non-invasive insulin delivery systems: a comparative review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2007; 59:1521-46. [PMID: 17881081 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The quest to eliminate the needle from insulin delivery and to replace it with non- or less-invasive alternative routes has driven rigorous pharmaceutical research to replace the injectable forms of insulin. Recently, various approaches have been studied involving many strategies using various technologies that have shown success in delivering insulin, which are designed to overcome the inherent barriers for insulin uptake across the gastrointestinal tract, mucosal membranes and skin. This review examines some of the many attempts made to develop alternative, more convenient routes for insulin delivery to avoid existing long-term dependence on multiple subcutaneous injections and to improve the pharmacodynamic properties of insulin. In addition, this article concentrates on the successes in this new millennium in developing potential non-invasive technologies and devices, and on major new milestones in modern insulin delivery for the effective treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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17
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Mimura T, Funatsu H, Usui T, Yamagami S, Noma H, Amano S. Topical ocular drug delivery to inner ear disease and sinusitis. South Med J 2007; 99:1287-9. [PMID: 17195427 DOI: 10.1097/01.smj.0000224305.93789.4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oral steroids are the main therapy for sensorineural deafness. We present the rare case of a patient whose hearing loss associated with inflammation of the inner ear and chronic sinusitis were improved with topical steroid therapy. A 68-year-old male presented with scleritis in the left eye, inflammation of the inner ear and chronic sinusitis. He received oral prednisolone 10 mg/d. However, the oral prednisolone was discontinued due to severe side effects. Topical administration of 0.1% betamethasone sodium phosphate improved the scleritis and incidentally also relieved his symptoms of recurrent otitis and sinusitis after several days. Audiometry revealed recovered acoustic sensation in the right ear, from 50 dB to 20 dB, and in the left ear from 70 to 35 dB with 1,000 Hz. Topical ocular drug delivery of steroids may be effective for inner ear disease and sinusitis in patients with systemic side effects to oral steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Mimura
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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18
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Lin C, Gokhale R, Trivedi JS, Ranade V. Recent strategies and methods for improving insulin delivery. Drug Dev Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.10426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Degim Z, Unal N, Eşsiz D, Abbasoglu U. The effect of various liposome formulations on insulin penetration across Caco-2 cell monolayer. Life Sci 2004; 75:2819-27. [PMID: 15464833 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2003] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the penetration properties of various insulin containing liposome formulations through Caco-2 cell monolayer and to compare the in vitro test results with in vivo tests. The effect of sodium taurocholate as a penetration enhancer when it was added to the liposome formulation was also investigated. In vitro permeation experiments were performed in diffusion cells with the Caco-2 cell monolayer used as the membrane. Permeability values of various insulin containing liposome formulations through Caco-2 cells were determined (log k(insulin-solution) = -2.217 +/- 0.0723 cm.h(-1), log k(insulin-liposome) = -2.141 +/- 0.0625 cm.h(-1), log k(insulin-sodium tauroholate liposome)= -1.952 +/- 0.0623 cm.h(-1)). In vivo tests were performed in mice. Formulations were administered orally and blood glucose levels were determined and penetrations were compared with the Caco-2 cell experiment results. In conclusion, the permeability of insulin was increased across Caco-2 cell monolayer when the liposome sodium taurocholate (NaTC) formulation was used. The oral administration of insulin and NaTC incorporated liposomes significantly decreased blood glucose levels. Furthermore, it was shown that a high in vitro/in vivo correlation was observed using the Caco-2 cell monolayer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelihagül Degim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330-Etiler, Ankara, Turkey. ,
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20
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Daugherty AL, Mrsny RJ. Emerging technologies that overcome biological barriers for therapeutic protein delivery. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2004; 3:1071-81. [PMID: 14519072 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.3.7.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, genomic research and the nascent field of proteomics have exponentially increased the number of potential protein therapeutic molecules for treating medical needs that were previously unmet. To realise the full clinical potential of many of the novel protein drug entities arising from these intense research efforts, emerging protein delivery technologies may be required. Advanced delivery technologies may offer the ability to overcome biochemical and anatomical barriers to protein drug transport, without incurring adverse events, to deliver the agent(s) at a certain desired rate and duration, to protect therapeutic macromolecules from in situ or systemic degradation, as well as increase their therapeutic index by targeting the drug action to a specific site. This review will cover a myriad of novel and emerging technologies that are directed at bypassing biological barriers and that have shown promise in advancing the therapeutic potential of protein drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann L Daugherty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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21
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Demayo AP, Reidenberg MM. Grand mal seizure in a child 30 minutes after Cyclogyl (cyclopentolate hydrochloride) and 10% Neo-Synephrine (phenylephrine hydrochloride) eye drops were instilled. Pediatrics 2004; 113:e499-500. [PMID: 15121994 DOI: 10.1542/peds.113.5.e499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A grand mal seizure is an unexpected, rare adverse event in a child receiving eye drops to dilate the pupils for an eye examination. A case is reported of a convulsion in a 23-month-old boy after he received Cyclogyl (cyclopentolate) and Neo-Synephrine (phenylephrine) eye drops before ophthalmoscopy. His serum sodium was 125 mEq/L, and he had low plasma pseudocholinesterase activity. Children exposed to organophosphate insecticides and other pseudocholinesterase inhibitors may be at risk for cyclopentolate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan P Demayo
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Abstract
Ophthalmic solutions are available for multidose or single-dose administration in a wide variety of glass and plastic dropper bottles which deliver drops with a volume between 25 and 70 microl. From a biopharmaceutical and economic point of view, however, smaller volumes of 5 to 15 microl should be instilled. In this review, the technical, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic aspects of eye drop formation and delivery are presented. The different types of containers are described and the determinants of eye drop size are discussed, such as the design and physical characteristics of the dropper tip and bottle, the physico-chemical properties of the solution, and the manner in which the patient dispenses the drops. Preferred and alternative instillation techniques and aids to facilitate the administration of eye drops by elderly patients are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Van Santvliet
- University of Antwerp (U.I.A.), Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Antwerp, Belgium
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