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Amjed N, Zeshan M, Farooq A, Naz S. Applications of guar gum polysaccharide for pharmaceutical drug delivery: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128390. [PMID: 38043657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Bio-based materials are rapidly replacing synthetic materials owing to their significant biomedical applications, easy availability, nontoxicity, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Guar gum (GG) is a plant-derived biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric compound found abundantly in nature. It is a non-ionic, hydrophilic carbohydrate and is a cost-effective hydrocolloid polysaccharide considered as a wonderful representative of the new generation of plant gums. Various composites of guar gum with other polymers have been reported in last few decades and they are extensively used in different industries like food, textile, mining, petrochemical, paper and explosives etc. Easy availability, non-toxicity, eco-friendly and biodegradable nature of GG has made it ideal candidate for for drug delivery (DD) applications. GG based hydrogels, films, scaffolds and nanoparticles have been explored widely for their DD applications. These non-toxic DD carriers can be used for targeted drug delivery. This review article directs the current efforts and improvements on GG and GG-based materials to be used in DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyla Amjed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zeshan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ariba Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sadaf Naz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Pakistan.
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Yadav N, Francis AP, Priya VV, Patil S, Mustaq S, Khan SS, Alzahrani KJ, Banjer HJ, Mohan SK, Mony U, Rajagopalan R. Polysaccharide-Drug Conjugates: A Tool for Enhanced Cancer Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050950. [PMID: 35267773 PMCID: PMC8912870 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most widespread deadly diseases, following cardiovascular disease, worldwide. Chemotherapy is widely used in combination with surgery, hormone and radiation therapy to treat various cancers. However, chemotherapeutic drugs can cause severe side effects due to non-specific targeting, poor bioavailability, low therapeutic indices, and high dose requirements. Several drug carriers successfully overcome these issues and deliver drugs to the desired sites, reducing the side effects. Among various drug delivery systems, polysaccharide-based carriers that target only the cancer cells have been developed to overcome the toxicity of chemotherapeutics. Polysaccharides are non-toxic, biodegradable, hydrophilic biopolymers that can be easily modified chemically to improve the bioavailability and stability for delivering therapeutics into cancer tissues. Different polysaccharides, such as chitosan, alginates, cyclodextrin, pullulan, hyaluronic acid, dextran, guar gum, pectin, and cellulose, have been used in anti-cancer drug delivery systems. This review highlights the recent progress made in polysaccharides-based drug carriers in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India; (N.Y.); (A.P.F.)
| | - Arul Prakash Francis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India; (N.Y.); (A.P.F.)
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India; (V.V.P.); (U.M.)
| | - Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India; (V.V.P.); (U.M.)
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (S.P.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Shazia Mustaq
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sameer Saeed Khan
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (S.P.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (H.J.B.)
| | - Hamsa Jameel Banjer
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (H.J.B.)
| | - Surapaneni Krishna Mohan
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Virology, Research, Clinical Skills & Research Institute & Simulation, Panimalar Medical College Hospital, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai 600123, India;
| | - Ullas Mony
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India; (V.V.P.); (U.M.)
| | - Rukkumani Rajagopalan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India; (N.Y.); (A.P.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-(96)-7784-7337
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Wang Q, Jiao J, Cai Q, Wang Q, Zhou W. Design and evaluation of a zero-order controlled release system based on pre-hydrated constant release area prepared by compression coating technology. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 26:1120-1129. [PMID: 34698603 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.1998912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this research work was to develop and evaluate a drug delivery system with compression coating technology to control drug release at a constant rate. The compression coated tablets (CCTs) consist of the hydrophilic matrix core and the hydrophobic waxy coating. The presence of hydrophobic waxy coating could provide sufficient time for hydration of the core to prevent initial burst release. The mechanism research revealed that erosion was the main way of drug release and the releasing area was constant during the entire release process because the core tablet was located in the cup-shaped coating after one side cover was dropped at the lag time. This made the release behavior exhibit zero-order kinetics (R2>0.99). The coating rupture strength and the core swelling force at the lag time influenced erosion rate thus affecting release rate. Different solubility of drugs (propranolol hydrochloride, melatonin, and nifedipine) was selected as model drugs and the properties of the prepared CCTs in terms of formulations and in vitro release were evaluated. The release rate was independent of solubility, medium pH, and osmotic pressure. This zero-order controlled system could be applied to both controlled drug delivery and chrono pharmaceutical drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Jiao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingchun Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaochu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Sriram A, Tangirala S, Atmakuri S, Hoque S, Modani S, Srivastava S, Mahajan S, Maji I, Kumar R, Khatri D, Madan J, Singh PK. Budding Multi-matrix Technology-a Retrospective Approach, Deep Insights, and Future Perspectives. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:264. [PMID: 34734325 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The human race is consistently striving for achieving good health and eliminate disease-causing factors. For the last few decades, scientists have been endeavoring to invent and innovate technologies that can substitute the conventional dosage forms and enable targeted and prolonged drug release at a particular site. The novel multi-matrix technology is a type of matrix formulation where the formulation is embraced to have a matrix system with multiple number of matrices. The MMX technology embraces with a combination of outer hydrophilic layer and amphiphilic/lipophilic core layer, within which drug is encapsulated followed by enteric coating for extended/targeted release at the required site. In comparison to conventional oral drug delivery systems and other drug delivery systems, multi-matrix (MMX) technology formulations afford many advantages. Additionally, it attributes for targeting strategy aimed at the colon and offers modified prolonged drug release. Thus, it has emerged rapidly as a potential alternative option in targeted oral drug delivery. However, the development of this MMX technology formulations is a exigent task and also has its own set of limitations. Due to its promising advantages and colon targeting strategy over the other colon targeted drug delivery systems, premier global companies are exploiting its potential. This article review deep insights into the formulation procedures, drug delivery mechanism, advantages, limitations, safety and efficacy studies of various marketed drug formulations of MMX technology including regulatory perspectives and future perspectives.
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Patel AK, Mishra MK, Gupta J, Ghoshal S, Gupta R, Kushwaha K. Guar Gum-Based Floating Microspheres of Repaglinide Using 3 2 Factorial Design: Fabrication, Optimization, Characterization, and In Vivo Buoyancy Behavior in Albino Rats. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2020; 19:63-74. [PMID: 33090876 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2020.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this present study, floating microspheres of repaglinide were successfully fabricated by the solvent evaporation technique with varying ratios of guar gum, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and ethylcellulose with polyvinyl alcohol. Microspheres were characterized by production yield, particle size, in vitro buoyancy, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and in vivo floating behavior in albino rats. The formulation process was optimized for stirring speed (X1) and concentration of polymer ratio (X2) on dependent variables such as percentage entrapment efficiency, percentage yield, in vitro buoyancy, and percentage of drug release by the 32 factorial Design-Expert® 12, trial version, software. The optimized formulation was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy and was successfully formulated with the highest percentage of cumulative drug release (94.26 ± 3.10), entrapment efficiency (74.70% ± 2.16%), and particle size (50.34 ± 3.67 μm) and remains buoyant for 24 h in simulated gastric fluid (0.1N HCL) with high in vitro buoyancy percent (84.90 ± 2.88). When the drug-polymer solution of dichloromethane and ethanol is dropped in polyvinyl alcohol solution, it leads to the formation of a shell and produces cavities, creating the buoyant nature of floating microspheres. X-ray imaging indicates the uniform distribution and buoyant nature of microspheres in the gastric fluid for a 10-h period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shambhunath Institute of Pharmacy, Jhalwa, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shambhunath Institute of Pharmacy, Jhalwa, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurav Ghoshal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shambhunath Institute of Pharmacy, Jhalwa, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmacy, Ashoka Institute of Technology and Management, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Functional and structural effects of hydrocolloids on Ca(II)-alginate beads containing bioactive compounds extracted from beetroot. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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George A, Shah PA, Shrivastav PS. Guar gum: Versatile natural polymer for drug delivery applications. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wang Y, Yang M, Shen R, Shao S, Chen L, Gong W, Shan L, Gao C. Development of metoprolol tartrate-loaded sustained-release pellets: effect of talc on the mechanism of drug release. Pharm Dev Technol 2016; 23:664-673. [PMID: 27470125 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2016.1212881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Talc is one of the most commonly used antiadherents in the coating film. However, the mechanism of influence of talc on drug release has yet to be fully understood. In this study, metoprolol tartrate (MT)-loaded Eudragit NE 30 D-coated sustained-release (SR) pellets were prepared using talc as an antiadherent in the layering and coating processes. Talc significantly reduced the stickiness of the layered or coated substrates, thus enhancing the process smoothness. Moreover, the incorporation of talc into the coating film significantly affected drug release. The water vapor permeability and drug permeability of free films increased as the concentration of talc increased. Importantly, talc had a dynamic effect on the drug release. The drug release rate of the pellets in the initial stage (within 2 h) increased with increasing talc concentrations, which exceeded the critical pigment volume concentration resulted in leaks formation in the coated film. However, subsequent swelling of the membrane and expansion of the copolymer network eliminated the influence of talc and the drug release was then controlled by the polymeric membrane. These results suggest that talc contributed to the reduction of the sticking of layered or coated substrates, and facilitated the manufacturing process and drug release properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Meiyan Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Ruifang Shen
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China.,b Pharmaceutical College, Henan University , Kaifeng , China
| | - Shuai Shao
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Lu Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Gong
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Li Shan
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Chunsheng Gao
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
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Oliveira EGD, Campos RDS, Machado AS, Pereira JF, Araújo TGD. Avaliação da Goma Guar no desenvolvimento de comprimidos matriciais de liberação controlada de teofilina. POLIMEROS 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo desse estudo foi formular e avaliar comprimidos de liberação controlada. Comprimidos de liberação controlada de teofilina foram preparadas pelo método de compressão direta usando dois polímeros como, o HPMC K 100M (polímero hidrofílico) e a Goma Guar (Polímero natural), isolado ou em mistura (GG:HPMC 3:1) e GG:HPMC 1:3). Os comprimidos foram caracterizados através do peso médio, diâmetro, altura, dureza, friabilidade. Todos os resultados estiveram em conformidade com os limites aceitáveis. O ensaio de intumescimento foi realizado em água destilada durante 4 horas, sendo determinado pela diferença de peso do comprimido seco e intumescido. O ensaio de dissolução foi realizado em água destilada (900 mL, 37 ± 0,5ºC, 50 rpm, aparato II) durante 8 horas. Os resultados demonstraram que a Goma guar isolada não possui capacidade de retardar a liberação da teofilina por 8 horas. Comprimidos matriciais contendo GG:HPMC (3:1) apresentaram um melhor controle de liberação da teofilina.
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Qi X, Jiang Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Wu Z. Zero-order release three-layered tablet with an acemetacin solid dispersion core and a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose capped matrix. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Qi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
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Gangwar G, Kumar A, Pathak K. Utilizing Guar Gum for Development of “Tabs In Cap’ System of Losartan Potassium for Chronotherapeutics. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:812-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tasneem M, Siddique F, Ahmad A, Farooq U. Stabilizers: indispensable substances in dairy products of high rheology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:869-79. [PMID: 24499066 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.614702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The functionality of stabilizers is apparent in many food applications including dairy products. The role of stabilizers like gelatin, pectins, alginates, carboxymethylcellulose, gums, ispghol, sago starch, and chitosan in the development of dairy products of high rheology, like yoghurt, ice cream, and flavored milk, is discussed in this review. Attention is also paid to comprehend on interactions among milk proteins, minerals, and other milk constituents with the reactive sites of stabilizers to get the desirable properties such as appearance, body and texture, mouthfeel, consistency. The role played by stabilizers in the control of syneresis and overrun problems in the high-rheology dairy products is also the topic of discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Tasneem
- a Department of Food Technology , PMAS-Arid Agriculture University , Rawalpindi 46300 , Pakistan
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Aminabhavi TM, Nadagouda MN, Joshi SD, More UA. Guar gum as platform for the oral controlled release of therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:753-66. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.897326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sarmah JK, Bhattacharjee SK, Roy S, Mahanta R, Mahanta R. Biodegradable Guar Gum Nanoparticles as Carrier for Tamoxifen Citrate in Treatment of Breast Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/jbnb.2014.54026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ogbonna J, Brown S, Chime S, Chukwu K, Agubata C, Ugwu C, Nnalue K, Onunkwo G. Evaluation of Colocasia antiquorum gum in sustained release of diphenhydramine HCl and theophylline hydrate tablet formulations. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(14)50098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Giri A, Bhunia T, Mishra SR, Goswami L, Panda AB, Pal S, Bandyopadhyay A. Acrylic acid grafted guargum–nanosilica membranes for transdermal diclofenac delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 91:492-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Krishnaraj K, Chandrasekar MJN, Nanjan MJ, Muralidharan S, Manikandan D. Development of sustained release antipsychotic tablets using novel polysaccharide isolated from Delonix regia seeds and its pharmacokinetic studies. Saudi Pharm J 2012; 20:239-48. [PMID: 24115903 PMCID: PMC3792634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A natural polysaccharide was isolated from the seeds of Delonix regia. The isolated polysaccharide could maintain aqueous equilibrium between the dosage form and the surrounding medium due to its massive competence of water absorption (80.72%) and swelling index (266.7%). The Scanning Electron Micrograph of a polysaccharide exhibits rough surface with pores and crevices, hence, the drug release will be retarded because of the drug particles entrapment in the pores and crevices. Further, the surface tension of polysaccharide is higher than that of water, which may facilitate sustained release of drugs from dosage forms. An antipsychotic drug, quetiapine fumarate has a short half-life of 6 h and administered multiple times per day. Hence the quetiapine fumarate oral sustained release tablets were formulated using this polysaccharide in the concentration of 5-30% to avoid the side effects and increase patient compliance. Dissolution of the developed tablets with 25% polysaccharide content showed a better release profile than the other batches (5-20%) at the end of 12 h. The strong matrix complex has low solubility in water, it does not dissolve rapidly and the drug continues to diffuse through the gel layer at a consistent rate. Drug release from the matrix tablets follows matrix type except F-4 and F-5 which follow first order and Hix.crow type. The bioavailability study was carried out using healthy male New Zealand white rabbits that show the AUC(0-inf) value for developed SR tablets is 1.44 times higher than the reference thus, indicating more efficient and sustained drug delivery capable of maintaining plasma drug levels better.
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Kamenska E, Kostova B, Ivanov I, Rachev D, Georgiev G. Synthesis and Characterization of Zwitterionic Co-polymers as Matrices for Sustained Metoprolol Tartrate Delivery. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 20:181-97. [DOI: 10.1163/156856209x404488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kamenska
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, Sofia University, 1 James Bourchier Avenue, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
| | - Bistra Kostova
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Medical University, 2 Dunav Street, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Ivo Ivanov
- c Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, Sofia University, 1 James Bourchier Avenue, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Rachev
- d Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Medical University, 2 Dunav Street, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - George Georgiev
- e Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, Sofia University, 1 James Bourchier Avenue, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
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Sabar M, Samein L, Sahib HB. Some Variables Affecting the Formulation of Ketoprofen Sustained Release Oral Tablet using Polyelectrolyte Complex as a Matrix Former. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/jpahs.2011.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Prabaharan M. Prospective of guar gum and its derivatives as controlled drug delivery systems. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:117-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Shailesh T, Vipul P, Girishbhai J, Manish C. Preparation and in vitro Evaluation of Ethylcellulose Coated Egg Albumin Microspheres of Diltiazem Hydrochloride. J Young Pharm 2011; 2:27-34. [PMID: 21331187 PMCID: PMC3035880 DOI: 10.4103/0975-1483.62209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to develop sustained release ethylcellulose-coated egg albumin microspheres of diltiazem hydrochloride (DH) to improve patient compliance. The microspheres were prepared by the w/o emulsion thermal cross-linking method using different proportion of the polymer to drug ratio (1.0:1.0, 1.0:1.5 and 1.0:2.0). A 32 full factorial design was employed to optimize two independent variables, polymer to drug ratio (X1) and surfactant concentration (X2) on dependent variables, namely % drug loading, % drug release in 60 min (Y60) and the time required for 80 % drug release (t80) were selected as dependable variable. Optimized formulation was compared to its sustained release tablet available in market. The polymer to drug ratio was optimized to 1:1 at which a high drug entrapment efficiency 79.20% ± 0.7% and the geometric mean diameter 47.30 ± 1.5 mm were found. All batches showed a biphasic release pattern; initial burst release effect (55% DH in 1 h) and then were released completely within 6 h. In situ coating of optimized egg albumin DH microspheres using 7.5% ethylcellulose significantly reduced the burst effect and provided a slow release of DH for 8-10 h. Finally, it was concluded that ethylcellulose-coated egg albumin DH microspheres is suitable for oral SR devices in the treatment of angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias, and hypertension due to their size and release profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tp Shailesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Mehsana - 384 001, Gujarat, India
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Sarmah JK, Mahanta R, Bhattacharjee SK, Mahanta R, Biswas A. Controlled release of tamoxifen citrate encapsulated in cross-linked guar gum nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:390-6. [PMID: 21641924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides, due to their outstanding merits, have received more and more attention in the field of drug delivery. In the present study tamoxifen citrate, TMX (a non-steroidal antiestrogenic drug) loaded guar gum nanoparticles, GG NPs, crosslinked with glutaraldehyde were prepared for treatment of breast cancer. An oil in water (o/w) emulsion polymer cross-linking method was employed for preparation of blank and drug loaded sustained release nature biodegradable nanoparticles. Prepared nanoparticles were characterized by morphology in scanning electron microscope (SEM), size distribution in transmission electron microscope (TEM), TMX loading by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and in vitro drug release characteristics. An overall sustained release of the drug from the biodegradable nanoparticles was observed in in vitro release studies. The release of TMX from GG NPs was found to be effected by guar gum and glutaraldehyde concentration. Regression coefficient (R(2)) analysis suggested that the predominant mechanism behind the drug release from the nanoparticles was time dependent release and diffusion. In vivo studies on female albino mice demonstrated maximum uptake of the drug by mammary tissue after 24h of administration with drug loaded guar gum nanoparticles in comparison with that with the tablet form of the drug. These findings demonstrate that controlled release of TMX from GG NPs could be a potential alternative pharmaceutical formulation in passive targeting of TMX in breast cancer treatments.
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Siddique S, Khanam J, Bigoniya P. Development of sustained release capsules containing "coated matrix granules of metoprolol tartrate". AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:1306-14. [PMID: 20721649 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to prepare sustained release capsule containing coated matrix granules of metoprolol tartrate and to study its in vitro release and in vivo absorption. The design of dosage form was performed by choosing hydrophilic hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K100M) and hydrophobic ethyl cellulose (EC) polymers as matrix builders and Eudragit® RL/RS as coating polymers. Granules were prepared by composing drug with HPMC K100M, EC, dicalcium phosphate by wet granulation method with subsequent coating. Optimized formulation of metoprolol tartrate was formed by using 30% HPMC K100M, 20% EC, and ratio of Eudragit® RS/RL as 97.5:2.5 at 25% coating level. Capsules were filled with free flowing optimized granules of uniform drug content. This extended the release period upto 12 h in vitro study. Similarity factor and mean dissolution time were also reported to compare various dissolution profiles. The network formed by HPMC and EC had been coupled satisfactorily with the controlled resistance offered by Eudragit® RS. The release mechanism of capsules followed Korsemeyer-Peppas model that indicated significant contribution of erosion effect of hydrophilic polymer. Biopharmaceutical study of this optimized dosage form in rabbit model showed 10 h prolonged drug release in vivo. A close correlation (R(2) = 0.9434) was established between the in vitro release and the in vivo absorption of drug. The results suggested that wet granulation with subsequent coating by fluidized bed technique, is a suitable method to formulate sustained release capsules of metoprolol tartrate and it can perform therapeutically better than conventional immediate release dosage form.
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Baloğlu E, Şenyiğit T. A design and evaluation of layered matrix tablet formulations of metoprolol tartrate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:563-73. [PMID: 20352535 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to evaluate the performance of different swellable polymers in the form of layered matrix tablets to provide controlled therapeutic effect of metoprolol tartrate for twice daily administration. Seven different swellable polymers (carrageenan, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, pectin, guar gum, xanthan gum, chitosan, and ethyl cellulose) were evaluated alone or in combination as release-retardant layer. Tablets were tested for weight variation, hardness, diameter/thickness ratio, friability, and drug content uniformity and subjected to in vitro drug-release studies. In addition, the target-release profile of metoprolol tartrate was plotted using its clinical pharmacokinetic data, and the release profiles of the tablets were evaluated in relation to the plotted target release profile. Carrageenan was determined as the best polymer in two-layered matrix tablet formulations due to its better accordance to the target release profile and was selected for preparing three-layered matrix tablets. Carrageenan formulations exhibited super case II release mechanism. Accelerated stability testing was performed on two- and three-layered matrix tablet formulations of carrageenan. The tablets were stored at 25 degrees C/60% relative humidity and 40 degrees C/75% relative humidity for 6 months and examined for physical appearance, drug content, and release characteristics. At the end of the storage time, formulations showed no change either in physical appearance, drug content, or drug-release profile. These results demonstrated the suitability of three-layered tablet formulation of carrageenan to provide controlled release and improved linearity for metoprolol tartrate in comparison to two-layered tablet formulation.
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Characterization of organogel as a novel oral controlled release formulation for lipophilic compounds. Int J Pharm 2010; 388:123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhao W, Song L, Deng H, Yao H. Hydration, erosion, and release behavior of guar-based hydrophilic matrix tablets containing total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; 35:594-602. [PMID: 19040179 DOI: 10.1080/03639040802471176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
It is a challenge to deliver water-soluble drug based on hydrophilic matrix to colon because of swelling and erosion of polysaccharides in contact with media. In our study, guar-based hydrophilic matrix tablets containing water-soluble total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides prepared by wet granulation technique were evaluated. A novel method was established to investigate the changes of swelling and volume for guar-based tablets in undynamic state, which generally showed a rapid swelling and volume change in the first 9 h, then the hydrated speed slowed down. On the other hand, the influence of different pH of the media on water uptake and erosion of various guar-based formulations in dynamic state indicated that the hydrated constants in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) was higher than that in SIF, which followed varied mechanism of water penetration by fitting Davidson and Peppas model. The extent of erosion was between 22.4 and 32.6% in SIF within 360 min. In vitro sophoridine release studies in successive different mimicking media showed that the guar matrix tablets released 13.5-25.6% of sophoridine in the first 6 h; therefore it was necessary to develop the bilayer matrix tablet by direct-compressing coating 100 mg guar granula on core tablet. The initial release of coated tablet was retarded and the bilayer matrix tablet was suitable for colon target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchang Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Nirmal J, Saisivam S, Peddanna C, Muralidharan S, Godwinkumar S, Nagarajan M. Bilayer Tablets of Atorvastatin Calcium and Nicotinic Acid: Formulation and Evaluation. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:1455-8. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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George M, Abraham TE. pH sensitive alginate-guar gum hydrogel for the controlled delivery of protein drugs. Int J Pharm 2006; 335:123-129. [PMID: 17147980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Design of a pH sensitive alginate-guar gum hydrogel crosslinked with glutaraldehyde was done for the controlled delivery of protein drugs. Alginate is a non-toxic polysaccharide with favorable pH sensitive properties for intestinal delivery of protein drugs. Drug leaching during hydrogel preparation and rapid dissolution of alginate at higher pH are major limitations, as it results in very low entrapment efficiency and burst release of entrapped protein drug, once it enters the intestine. To overcome these limitations, another natural polysaccharide, guargum was included in the alginate matrix along with a cross linking agent to ensure maximum encapsulation efficiency and controlled drug release. The crosslinked alginate-guar gum matrix is novel and the drug loading process used in the study was mild and performed in aqueous environment. The release profiles of a model protein drug (BSA) from test hydrogels were studied under simulated gastric and intestinal media. The beads having an alginate to guar gum percentage combination of 3:1 showed desirable characters like better encapsulation efficiency and bead forming properties in the preliminary studies. The glutaraldehyde concentration giving maximum (100%) encapsulation efficiency and the most appropriate swelling characteristics was found to be 0.5% (w/v). Freeze-dried samples showed swelling ratios most suitable for drug release in simulated intestinal media ( approximately 8.5). Protein release from test hydrogels was minimal at pH 1.2 ( approximately 20%), and it was found to be significantly higher ( approximately 90%) at pH 7.4. Presence of guar gum and glutaraldehyde crosslinking increases entrapment efficiency and prevents the rapid dissolution of alginate in higher pH of the intestine, ensuring a controlled release of the entrapped drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- M George
- Polymer Section, Chemical Science Division, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum 19, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - T E Abraham
- Polymer Section, Chemical Science Division, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum 19, Trivandrum 695 019, India.
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Varshosaz J, Tavakoli N, Kheirolahi F. Use of hydrophilic natural gums in formulation of sustained-release matrix tablets of tramadol hydrochloride. AAPS PharmSciTech 2006; 7:E168-E174. [PMID: 28290039 PMCID: PMC2750731 DOI: 10.1208/pt070124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2005] [Accepted: 10/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to develop matrix sustained-release tablets of highly water-soluble tramadol HCl using natural gums (xanthan [X gum] and guar [G gum]) as cost-effective, nontoxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic matrix systems compared with the extensively investigated hydrophilic matrices (ie, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose [HPMC]/carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC] with respect to in vitro drug release rate) and hydration rate of the polymers. Matrix tablets of tramadol (dose 100 mg) were produced by direct compression method. Different ratios, of 100∶0, 80∶20, 60∶40, 20∶80, 0∶100 of G gum (or X):HPMC, X gum:G gum, and triple mixture of these polymers (G gum, X gum, HPMC) were applied. After evaluation of physical characteristics of tablets, the dissolution test was, performed in the phosphate buffer media (pH 7.4) up to 8 hours. Tablets with only X had the highest mean dissolution time (MDT), the least dissolution efficiency (DE8%), and released the drug following a zero-order model via swelling, diffusion, and erosion mechanisms. Guar gum alone could not efficiently control the drug release, while X and all combinations of natural gums with HPMC could retard tramadol HCl release. However, according to the similarity factor (f 2), pure HPMC and H8G2 were the most similar formulations to Topalgic-LP as the reference standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleh Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Naser Tavakoli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kheirolahi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Li Q, He D, Chen W, Ni L. Preparation, Characterization and Anticoagulant Activity of Guar Gum Sulphate. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/ma-200065936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Al-Saidan SM, Krishnaiah YSR, Patro S, Satyanaryana V. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of guar gum matrix tablets for oral controlled release of water-soluble diltiazem hydrochloride. AAPS PharmSciTech 2005; 6:E14-21. [PMID: 16353958 PMCID: PMC2750406 DOI: 10.1208/pt060105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Accepted: 11/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to develop guar gum matrix tablets for oral controlled release of water-soluble diltiazem hydrochloride. Matrix tablets of diltiazem hydrochloride, using various viscosity grades of guar gum in 2 proportions, were prepared by wet granulation method and subjected to in vitro drug release studies. Diltiazem hydrochloride matrix tablets containing either 30% wt/wt low-viscosity (LM1), 40% wt/wt medium-viscosity (MM2), or 50% wt/wt high-viscosity (HM2) guar gum showed controlled release. The drug release from all guar gum matrix tablets followed first-order kinetics via Fickian-diffusion. Further, the results of in vitro drug release studies in simulated gastrointestinal and colonic fluids showed that HM2 tablets provided controlled release comparable with marketed sustained release diltiazem hydrochloride tablets (D-SR tablets). Guar gum matrix tablets HM2 showed no change in physical appearance, drug content, or in dissolution pattern after storage at 40 degrees C/relative humidity 75% for 6 months. When subjected to in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation in healthy volunteers, the HM2 tablets provided a slow and prolonged drug release when compared with D-SR tablets. Based on the results of in vitro and in vivo studies it was concluded that that guar gum matrix tablets provided oral controlled release of water-soluble diltiazem hydrochloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh M. Al-Saidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Yellela S. R. Krishnaiah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - S. Patro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, 530 003 Visakhapatnam, India
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Al-Saidan SM, Krishnaiah YSR, Satyanarayana V, Bhaskar P, Karthikeyan RS. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of guar gum-based three-layer matrix tablets for oral controlled delivery of highly soluble metoprolol tartrate as a model drug. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2004; 58:697-703. [PMID: 15451547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2004.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2003] [Revised: 04/05/2004] [Accepted: 04/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to carry out pharmacokinetic evaluation of oral controlled release formulation (guar gum-based three-layer matrix tablets) containing highly soluble metoprolol tartrate as a model drug. Six healthy volunteers participated in the study, and a two-way crossover design was followed. The plasma concentration of metoprolol tartrate was estimated by reverse-phase HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the plasma concentration of metoprolol tartrate versus time data. The delayed T(max) lower C(max) decreased K(a) unaltered bioavailability and prolonged t(1/2) indicated a slow and prolonged release of metoprolol tartrate from guar gum three-layer matrix tablets in comparison with the immediate release tablet dosage form. The results of the study indicated that guar gum three-layer matrix tablets were able to provide oral controlled delivery of highly water-soluble drug such as metoprolol tartrate in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Al-Saidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, SAFAT, Kuwait
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