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Ntalouka F, Tsirivakou A. Luteolin: A promising natural agent in management of pain in chronic conditions. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1114428. [PMID: 36937566 PMCID: PMC10016360 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1114428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain due to chronic conditions is a frequent and insufficiently addressed problem. Current drug options for pain management (either in cases of chronic inflammatory conditions or neuropathy) do not adequately treat pain. Moreover, they are associated with important adverse events in long term use. Luteolin is a flavonoid widely present in the plant kingdom and its sources have been assembled in a comprehensive list of this paper. Luteolin has shown in several research studies a range of pharmacological properties; anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and analgesic. In this article, we summarize the effects and potential benefits from introducing luteolin as an adjuvant agent in established protocols for pain management. We review the most indicative in vivo and in vitro evidence of how luteolin can target the molecular pathways involved in pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The data reviewed strongly support luteolin's promising benefits in pain management and raise the need for further clinical trials that can establish its role in clinical practice.
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Activity Guided Isolation of Phenolic Compositions from Anneslea fragrans Wall. and Their Cytoprotective Effect against Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123690. [PMID: 34204227 PMCID: PMC8234824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anneslea fragrans Wall., commonly known as “Pangpo Tea”, is traditionally used as a folk medicine and healthy tea for the treatment of liver and intestine diseases. The aim of this study was to purify the antioxidative and cytoprotective polyphenols from A. fragrans leaves. After fractionation with polar and nonpolar organic solvents, the fractions of aqueous ethanol extract were evaluated for their total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays). The n-butanol fraction (BF) showed the highest TPC and TFC with the strongest antioxidant activity. The bio-guided chromatography of BF led to the purification of six flavonoids (1–6) and one benzoquinolethanoid (7). The structures of these compounds were determined by NMR and MS techniques. Compound 6 had the strongest antioxidant capacity, which was followed by 5 and 2. The protective effect of the isolated compounds on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells revealed that the compounds 5 and 6 exhibited better protective effects by inhibiting ROS productions, having no significant difference with vitamin C (p > 0.05), whereas 6 showed the best anti-apoptosis activity. The results suggest that A. fragrans could serve as a valuable antioxidant phytochemical source for developing functional food and health nutraceutical products.
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Xu Y, Tao Z, Jin Y, Yuan Y, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK, Zhou Z. Flavonoids, a Potential New Insight of Leucaena leucocephala Foliage in Ruminant Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7616-7626. [PMID: 29953227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the constituents of Leucaena leucocephala foliage collected from Guangdong province in China and isolated 17 diverse flavonoids (1-17), including flavones (5-9, 11, and 12), flavonols (1, 10, and 16), flavanone 4, flavanonol 15, and flavonol glycosides (2, 3, 13, 14, and 17). Flavonoids quercetin (1), quercetin-3- O-α-rhamnopyranoside (2), and myricetin-3- O-α-rhamnopyranoside (17) were the major flavonoids components in L. leucocephala leaves, at a total concentration of about 2.5% of dry matter. pHRE-Luc inductive activity to mimic the activation of erythropoietin (EPO) gene, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities of isolated flavonoids (1-17) were evaluated. Flavonoids 7, 10, and 13 could strongly induce the transcriptional activity of pHRE-Luc, which indicated their potential to induce the expression of EPO. Flavonoids 7, 10, 13, and 17 displayed strong anti-inflammatory activity, relatively equal to the positive control dexamethasone. Flavonoids 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 16, and 17 showed stronger antioxidant activities of DPPH radical scavenging capacity than ascorbic acid. Flavonoids 1, 2, and 10 showed weak cellular antioxidant activities against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) induced ROS formation. Flavonoid rhamnoside 2 and arabinoside 3 undergone deglycosylation to the aglycone quercetin under anaerobic incubation with cattle rumen microorganisms. Furthermore, the potential health benefits for ruminant of flavonoids, which was rich in L. leucocephala foliage, was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China 510650
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China 100049
| | - Zhenru Tao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China 510650
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China 100049
| | - Yu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China 510650
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China 100049
| | - Yunfei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China 510650
| | - Tina T X Dong
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong , China
| | - Karl W K Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong , China
| | - Zhongyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China 510650
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Nanni V, Canuti L, Gismondi A, Canini A. Hydroalcoholic extract of Spartium junceum L. flowers inhibits growth and melanogenesis in B16-F10 cells by inducing senescence. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 46:1-10. [PMID: 30097108 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet light exposure generates, in human tissues, radical species, which represent the main cause of photo-aging, DNA damage and skin cancer onset. On the other hand, Mediterranean plants, being continuously subjected to high solar radiation levels, are naturally adapted to take on this type of abiotic stress, thanks to the production of antioxidant secondary metabolites. For these reasons, several plant extracts were documented to be excellent antineoplastic drugs. PURPOSE We investigated the potential antitumor activity of the flower extract obtained by Spartium junceum L., a Mediterranean shrub, correlating it with the plant metabolic profile. STUDY DESIGN After selecting the best extraction method to obtain as more secondary metabolites as possible from S. junceum flowers, we characterized the extract metabolic content. Then, by in vitro analyses, the antioxidant profile and the antineoplastic activity on B16-F10 murine melanoma cell of our extract were investigated. METHODS Spectrophotometric assays, HPLC-DAD and GC-MS analyses provided us information about flower extract composition and antioxidant activity. MTT assay and Trypan Blue exclusion test were performed to assess the extract toxicity and the viability, after treatments, of B16-F10 cancer cells and of C2C12 murine myoblasts. In vitro experiments (i.e. cytofluorimetry, protein analysis and qPCR) allowed us to analyze the effect of the plant extract on B16-F10 cell redox state, melanogenesis and cell cycle. Senescence induction was investigated by using a specific kit. RESULTS We observed that the hydroalcoholic extract of S. junceum flowers (HFE) strongly inhibited B16-F10 murine melanoma cell proliferation, while just a feeble effect was observed on C2C12 murine myoblasts. Moreover, we found that HFE exerted a pro-oxidant activity on melanoma cells, inhibited melanogenesis and caused cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, inducing senescence. These anti-cancer properties of HFE could be related to the rich metabolic profile of the extract that we characterized by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS analyses. CONCLUSION This evidence suggests that S. junceum phytocomplex can be used as a selective, nontoxic, economic and easily available anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nanni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Lorena Canuti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Angelo Gismondi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Antonella Canini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy.
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Phytochemical screening, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of Anabasis setifera and Salsola tomentosa extracted with different extraction methods and solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-016-0220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sagradas J, Costa G, Figueirinha A, Castel-Branco MM, Silvério Cabrita AM, Figueiredo IV, Batista MT. Gastroprotective effect of Cymbopogon citratus infusion on acute ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 173:134-138. [PMID: 26160747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Treatment of gastric ulcers with medicinal plants is quite common in traditional medicine worldwide. Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. leaves infusion has been used in folk medicine of many tropical and subtropical regions to treat gastric disturbances. The aim of this study was to assess the potential gastroprotective activity of an essential oil-free infusion from C. citratus leaves in acute gastric lesions induced by ethanol in rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed on adult male Wistar rats (234.0±22.7g) fasted for 24h but with free access to water. The extract was given orally before (prevention) or after (treatment) intragastric administration of absolute ethanol. Effects of dose (28 or 56mg/kg of body weight) and time of contact of the extract with gastric mucosa (1 or 2h) were also assessed. Animals were sacrificed, being the stomachs removed and the lesions were assessed by macroscopic observation and histopathology. RESULTS C. citratus extract, given orally before or after ethanol, significantly (P<0.01) reduced gastric mucosal injury compared with control group (vehicle+ethanol). The effect does not appear to be dose-dependent. Results also suggested that the extract is more effective when the time of contact with gastric mucosa increases. CONCLUSIONS The results of this assay confirm the gastroprotective activity of C. citratus extract on experimental gastric lesions induced by ethanol, contributing for the pharmacological validation of its traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Sagradas
- Group of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Costa
- Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Margarida Castel-Branco
- Group of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Isabel Vitória Figueiredo
- Group of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Clematis F, Viglione S, Beruto M, Lanzotti V, Dolci P, Poncet C, Curir P. Endogenous isoflavone methylation correlates with the in vitro rooting phases of Spartium junceum L. (Leguminosae). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1267-1275. [PMID: 25014262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Spartium junceum L. (Leguminosae) is a perennial shrub, native to the Mediterranean region in southern Europe, widespread in all the Italian regions and, as a leguminous species, it has a high isoflavone content. An in vitro culture protocol was developed for this species starting from stem nodal sections of in vivo plants, and isoflavone components of the in vitro cultured tissues were studied by means of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analytical techniques. Two main isoflavones were detected in the S. junceum tissues during the in vitro propagation phases: Genistein (4',5,7-Trihydroxyisoflavone), already reported in this species, and its methylated form 4',5,7-Trimethoxyisoflavone, detected for the first time in this plant species (0.750 ± 0.02 mg g(-1) dry tissue). The presence of both of these compounds in S. junceum tissues was consistently detected during the in vitro multiplication phase. The absence of the methylated form within plant tissues in the early phases of the in vitro adventitious root formation was correlated with its negative effect displayed on root induction and initiation phases, while its presence in the final "root manifestation" phase influenced positively the rooting process. The unmethylated form, although detectable in tissues in the precocious rooting phases, was no longer present in the final rooting phase. Its effect on rooting, however, proved always to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Clematis
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Research Unit for Floriculture and Ornamental Species, Corso Inglesi I, 18038 Sanremo, IM, Italy
| | - Serena Viglione
- Regional Institute for Floriculture, via Carducci 12 I, 18038 Sanremo, IM, Italy
| | - Margherita Beruto
- Regional Institute for Floriculture, via Carducci 12 I, 18038 Sanremo, IM, Italy
| | - Virginia Lanzotti
- Department of Food Science, University of Napoli Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Paola Dolci
- DIVAPRA, Agriculture Microbiology and Food Technology, University of Turin, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Christine Poncet
- Sophia Agrobiotech Institute, UMR INRA, University of Nice, 400 Route des Chappes, BP 167, 06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Paolo Curir
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Research Unit for Floriculture and Ornamental Species, Corso Inglesi I, 18038 Sanremo, IM, Italy.
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Yesilada E, Gürbüz I, Toker G. Anti-ulcerogenic activity and isolation of the active principles from Sambucus ebulus L. leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:478-483. [PMID: 24632015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sambucus ebulus L. has a very prominent place in Turkish folk medicine. Leaves of the plant are practiced externally to relieve rheumatic pain, to treat abscess, for wound healing and internally against hemorrhoids and stomachache. In a previous work, aqueous extract of the leaves was shown to possess potent antiulcerogenic activity on water immersion and immobilization-induced stress ulcer model in rats. This study aims to investigate the antiulcerogenic activity profile of the plant on various in vivo peptic ulcer models and gastric biochemical parameters and through bioassay-guided processing to isolate the active constituent (s) and to elucidate its structure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Among the subextracts obtained by successive solvent extractions from the MeOH extract of the leaves, the butanol subextract exerted significant antiulcerogenic activity against water-immersion and immobilization-induced stress ulcer model in rats as the bioassay model. This subextract was then subjected to successive chemical separation techniques (precipitation, column chromatography based on ion-exchange, silica gel and sephadex) and the activity of each fraction/subfraction was tested using the same bioassay model. After determination of active principles, further studies were performed on the active subextract by using various in vivo test models (ethanol-, serotonin-, pyloric ligation-induced ulcerogenesis) in rats as well as biochemical methods for the evaluation of antiulcerogenic potential. RESULTS Bioassay-guided fractionation procedures yielded two flavonol glycosides as the active antiulcerogenic principles. The structures of these compounds were elucidated as isorhamnetin-3-O-monoglycoside and quercetin-3-O-monoglycoside by using (1)H, (13)C-NMR, and FAB-MS techniques. CONCLUSION This study has proven the folkloric use of Sambucus ebulus leaves for the treatment of gastric ailments in Turkish folk medicine. The antiulcerogenic activity of the two flavonol glycosides isolated in the present study was not previously reported elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Yesilada
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34755 Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ilhan Gürbüz
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Toker
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
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Cai H, Xie Z, Liu G, Sun X, Peng G, Lin B, Liao Q. Isolation, identification and activities of natural antioxidants from Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93000. [PMID: 24667350 PMCID: PMC3965524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species leads to some diseases associated with oxidative stress. Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun (CK) is a common remedy in traditional Chinese medicine and possesses diverse biological activities involving antioxidant properties; its main compounds phenylethanoid glycosides (PG) and flavonoids are always reported as antioxidants. In order to develop CK as a safe and activated antioxidant, our investigation was performed to validate antioxidant properties and assess which types of compounds (similar polarity or similar structure), even which compounds, played the role of antioxidants. The extracted compounds of CK were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by HPLC-DAD-ESI-Trap MS and UV for their contents and antioxidant activities. The correlations between antioxidant activities and known contents were respectively counted and a semi-quantitative experiment was designed to screen antioxidant compounds of CK with HPLC-UV. The n-butanol fraction (BF) showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC, TFC), and three PG (forsythiaside B, poliumoside and acteoside) contents. BF showed the significantly best (P<0.05) activities in most assays. There were significant correlations (P<0.05) between DPPH•, ABTS(+)•, •O2(-) scavenging, Cu(2+)-chelating, anti-lipidperoxidation activities and TPC. BF also has significant antioxidant activities on CCl4-induced acute liver injury Mice and TBHP-reduced HepG2 cells. Nine PG (forsythiaside B, poliumoside, acteoside, alyssonoside, brandioside and their derivatives) and one flavone (rhamnazin) were screened out as antioxidants. BF in CK contained abundant polyphenolic, which reflected some definite antioxidant properties. The antioxidant compounds consisted at the least of nine PG and one flavone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuman Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangtian Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoqin Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiongfeng Liao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Jiang Z, Chen Y, Yao F, Chen W, Zhong S, Zheng F, Shi G. Antioxidant, antibacterial and antischistosomal activities of extracts from Grateloupia livida (Harv). Yamada. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80413. [PMID: 24312216 PMCID: PMC3843663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designated to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial and antischistosomal activities of Grateloupia livida (GL) extracts in vitro. A GL Ethanol extract (EE) was separated into petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), n-butyl alcohol (BuOH) and aqueous (AQ) fractions to fractionate the polar and non-polar compounds in the EE. Extracts antioxidant activities were evaluated in vitro by DPPH radical-scavenging, deoxyribose radical scavenging, and β-carotene bleaching assays, all using butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as the reference antioxidant compound. The most effective antioxidant properties were observed in the PE fraction in all three assays. Antimicrobial testing showed that the PE fraction exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, with the PE fraction also exhibiting strong activity against the human pathogenic trematode S. japonicum adult worm. In order to investigate the relationships between bioactivity and chemical composition, the chemical composition of the PE fraction was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 25 components were identified in the PE fraction, most of which have known antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. However, none of the compounds have reported activity against Schistosoma, suggesting that the schistosomicidal activity of the PE fraction may be related to minor constituents present in the extract, or governed by more intricate synergistic or additive relationships. Finally, fractions with the greatest biological activity displayed neither cellular cytotoxicity, at concentrations up to 100 ug/ml, or acute oral toxicity in mice, at doses up to 2000 mg/kg. Based on antioxidant, antimicrobial, antischistosomal activities, and low toxicity, the PE fraction possesses properties useful for food preservation and overall improvement of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Fen Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Weizhou Chen
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fuchun Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Cebović T, Maksimović Z. Hepatoprotective effect of Filipendula hexapetala Gilib. (Rosaceae) in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Phytother Res 2011; 26:1088-91. [PMID: 22213368 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The influence of methanol extract produced from the flowers of Filipendula hexapetala Gilib. (Rosaceae) on some liver biochemical parameters in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CTC) was evaluated in this study. The results Obtained revealed that pretreatment with the extract investigated inhibited CTC-induced liver injury by decreasing lipid peroxidation and increasing the content of reduced glutathione in a dosage dependent manner, bringing the levels of all antioxidant enzymes close to control values. The administration of CTC diminished hepatic antioxidant defense mechanisms by significant reduction of peroxidase and catalase activities. The catalase activity was significantly recovered in groups treated with the extract investigated and intoxicated with a single CTC dose. A similar impact on hepatic peroxidase activity has also been observed, indicating a partial detoxication of hydrogen peroxide by both catalase and peroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Cebović
- Institute of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Yan SH, Zhao YY, Zeng HS, Zhang Y, Lin RC, Sun WJ. Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of extracts from Apocyni Veneti Folium. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:600-8. [PMID: 21834638 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.537273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An expeditious and effective HPLC-UV method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of seven major flavonoids in Apocyni Veneti Folium (AVF) extract. The chemical profile of seven flavonoids, including quercetin-3-O-β-D-glc(2 → 1)-β-D-glucoside, rutin, isoquercetin, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside, quercetin and kaempferol was acquired by HPLC-UV. The analysis was performed on a Diamosil C18 analytical column with a gradient solvent system of acetonitrile-0.1% aqueous acetic acid. Full validation of the method was carried out (linearity, reproducibility, repeatability, accuracy and limit of detection). The results indicated that the contents of investigated flavonoids in Apocyni Veneti Folium varied significantly from habitat to habitat, with contents ranging from 0.01 to 5.57 mg g⁻¹. The antioxidant activity results demonstrate that the seven flavonoids showed great efficiency in scavenging DPPH radicals. The high content of flavonoid components of AVF could be responsible for its high antioxidant activity. This study provides powerful evidence for the relationship between the chemical ingredients of and bioactivity in AVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui-Hong Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an , Shaanxi 710069, China
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Tung YT, Chang WC, Chen PS, Chang TC, Chang ST. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic antioxidants from Acacia confusa
flowers and buds. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:844-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tepe B, Degerli S, Arslan S, Malatyali E, Sarikurkcu C. Determination of chemical profile, antioxidant, DNA damage protection and antiamoebic activities of Teucrium polium and Stachys iberica. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:237-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Arung ET, Wijaya Kusuma I, Shimizu K, Kondo R. Tyrosinase inhibitory effect of quercetin 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from dried skin of red onion (Allium cepa). Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:256-63. [DOI: 10.1080/14786411003754256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Tai Z, Cai L, Dai L, Dong L, Wang M, Yang Y, Cao Q, Ding Z. Antioxidant activity and chemical constituents of edible flower of Sophora viciifolia. Food Chem 2010; 126:1648-54. [PMID: 25213940 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant activities of crude extract and its derived soluble fractions from the flower of Sophora viciifolia were evaluated in five different test systems (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidant models) for the first time. The ethylacetate soluble fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant effect. Correlation analysis suggested that the flavonoids might be the major contributors for the high antioxidant activity of this flower. In addition, 11 compounds were isolated from this flower, and the antioxidant capacities of 5 flavonoids were evaluated by DPPH assay. Compound 3 (luteolin) had a significant DPPH radical-scavenging activity, and was also present at the highest concentration (5.56mg/gdrysample), implying an important role of 3 for the antioxidant activity of this flower. The study suggests that the flower of S. viciifolia can provide valuable functional ingredients and can be used for the prevention of diseases related to various oxidant by-products of human metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Tai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Le Cai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Lin Dai
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Liuhong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingfeng Wang
- Technology Center, Hongyun-Honghe Tobacco (Group) Co. Ltd., Kunming 650202, China
| | - Yabin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhongtao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China.
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17
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Xu W, Liu L, Hu B, Sun Y, Ye H, Ma D, Zeng X. TPC in the leaves of 116 sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) varieties and Pushu 53 leaf extracts. J Food Compost Anal 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Kim YA, Kong CS, Um YR, Lim SY, Yea SS, Seo Y. Evaluation of Salicornia herbacea as a potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. J Med Food 2009; 12:661-8. [PMID: 19627218 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Salicornia herbacea were evaluated. The crude CH(2)Cl(2)/methanol extract of S. herbacea showed 52% and 86% scavenging activities of the authentic ONOO(-) and ONOO(-) from 3-morpholinosydnomimine (SIN-1) at a concentration of 50 microg/mL, respectively, and was subjected to a further fractionation with n-hexane, 85% aqueous methanol, n-butanol, and water. Additional purification of the n-butanol fraction revealed that the most potent scavenging activity led to the isolation of isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside as the active principle. The structure of isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside was elucidated by extensive two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance experiments such as (1)H correlation spectroscopy nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, heteronuclear single quantum correlation, and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation as well as by comparison with the published spectral data. Isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside exhibited dose-dependent scavenging activities of the authentic ONOO(-) and ONOO(-) from SIN-1. The electron spin resonance spin-trap techniques confirmed that reactive oxygen species, including the hydroxyl, superoxide, carbon-centered, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, were actively quenched by addition of isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside. In addition, isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside suppressed the lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production and the expression of cytokines such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1beta in Raw 264.7 cells. Findings from this study should underscore the nutraceutical value of S. herbacea-derived isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside as a potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agent via alleviation of radical-induced toxicities and pro-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Ah Kim
- Korea Maritime University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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19
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Antioxidant activities in vitro of ethanol extract from brown seaweed Sargassum pallidum. Eur Food Res Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-009-1147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Isolation, structural elucidation and synthesis of a novel antioxidative pseudo-di-peptide, Hanasanagin, and its biogenetic precursor from the Isaria japonica mushroom. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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22
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Abstract
South African herbal teas, rooibos and honeybush, are increasingly enjoyed as healthy alternatives to Camellia sinensis teas. They contribute to the diet with bioactive phytochemicals not commonly found in foods. Major compounds of rooibos are the unique dihydrochalcone, aspalathin, and its flavone isomers, orientin and isoorientin. Honeybush contributes the xanthones, mangiferin and isomangiferin and the flavanones, eriocitrin, narirutin and hesperidin. All these compounds are either C-glucosides or O-rhamnoglucosides, which are poorly absorbed. Phase II metabolism and degradation by intestinal bacteria are important factors in their absorption. Modulation of drug metabolising enzymes is indicated which not only could affect the therapeutic window of drugs, but also the bioavailability of other dietary flavonoids.
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23
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Coelho RG, Gonzalez FG, Sannomiya M, Di Stasi LC, Vilegas W. Gastric anti-ulcer activity of leaf fractions obtained of polar extract from Wilbrandia ebracteata in mice. Nat Prod Res 2009; 23:51-9. [PMID: 18989825 DOI: 10.1080/14786410701782544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Leaf fractions of Wilbrandia ebracteata were investigated for anti-ulcerogenic effects in ethanol and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer assays in mice. Protective anti-ulcer effects were detected only in the ethanol-induced ulcer assay effects after pre-treatment with MeOH extract, MeOH chlorophyll-free, chlorophyll residue, HEX, DCM, aqueous MeOH fraction, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and aqueous fractions. A potent anti-ulcerogenic effect was determined after pre-treatment of animals with EtOAc fraction, which was fractionated for isolation of active constituents. Seven flavonoids, 3',4',5,6,7,8-hexahydroxyflavonol, orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, luteolin, 6-methoxi-luteolin were isolated from the leaves of W. ebracteata (Cucurbitaceae) by chromatographic methods and identified by their spectral data. The data suggest that flavonoids are active anti-ulcerogenic compounds from leaves of W. ebracteata. The ability of scavenging free radicals was evaluated by DPPH reduction assay by TLC of flavonoids isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Coelho
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto de Quimica de Araraquara, UNESP-Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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24
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Liu L, Sun Y, Laura T, Liang X, Ye H, Zeng X. Determination of polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of kudingcha made from Ilex kudingcha C.J. Tseng. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Ruan ZP, Zhang LL, Lin YM. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Syzygium cumini leaves. Molecules 2008; 13:2545-56. [PMID: 18927517 PMCID: PMC6245362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13102545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of Syzygium cumini leaf extracts was investigated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The methanolic extract and its four water, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane fractions were prepared and subjected to antioxidant evaluation. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction had stronger antioxidant activity than the other ones. HPLC data indicated that S. cumini leaf extracts contained phenolic compounds, such as ferulic acid and catechin, responsible for their antioxidant activity. A significant linear relationship between antioxidant potency, free radical-scavenging ability and the content of phenolic compounds of leaf extracts supported this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ping Ruan
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen 361005; P.R. China; E-mails: (Z-P. R.); (L-L. Z.)
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005; P.R. China
| | - Liang Liang Zhang
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen 361005; P.R. China; E-mails: (Z-P. R.); (L-L. Z.)
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005; P.R. China
| | - Yi Ming Lin
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen 361005; P.R. China; E-mails: (Z-P. R.); (L-L. Z.)
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005; P.R. China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: ; Tel.: (+86) 592 2187657
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26
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Youwei Z, Jinlian Z, Yonghong P. A comparative study on the free radical scavenging activities of some fresh flowers in southern China. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Jung HJ, Choi J, Nam JH, Park HJ. Anti-Ulcerogenic Effects of the Flavonoid-Rich Fraction from the Extract of Orostachys japonicus in Mice. J Med Food 2007; 10:702-6. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2006.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Nam
- Department of Botanical Resources, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Juhn Park
- Department of Botanical Resources, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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28
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Maksimović Z, Petrović S, Pavlović M, Kovacević N, Kukić J. Antioxidant activity of Filipendula hexapetala flowers. Fitoterapia 2007; 78:265-7. [PMID: 17337331 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Filipendula hexapetala flowers was assessed by the assay for ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), the assay for DPPH free radical scavenging ability (DPPH) and the assay for the influence of lipid peroxidation in liposomes, induced by Fe(2+)/ascorbate system and measured by the TBA test (LP). The activity of the investigated extract in all test-systems was found to be significant. The principal constituent responsible for the observed effects was isolated and identified as spiraeoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Maksimović
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
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29
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Koduru S, Jimoh F, Grierson D, Afolayan A. Antioxidant Activity of Two Steroid Alkaloids Extracted from Solanum aculeastrum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/jpt.2007.160.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Menghini L, Massarelli P, Bruni G, Pagiotti R. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Spartium junceum L. flower extracts: a preliminary study. J Med Food 2006; 9:386-90. [PMID: 17004903 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2006.9.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to study the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of extract of Spartium junceum L. flowers. Samples of flowers were collected from wild plants, dried, powdered, and extracted with hexane and methanol. The extracts were evaporated to dryness and then suspended in suitable solvent. They were then tested for anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenin rat paw edema test and for analgesic activity in the Randall and Selitto mechanical pressure test and in the tail-flick test. Twenty-four hours after treatment, the gastric mucosa of each rat was observed macroscopically. Based on these results the hexane extract was fractioned by column chromatography, and the fractions obtained were tested in the same way. The results showed good anti-inflammatory activity only for a single fraction of the hexane extract, while all the extracts and all the other hexane fractions showed both peripheral and central analgesic activity. In rats treated with the tested compounds hyperemia and ulcers were absent. The data from this preliminary study reveal interesting pharmacological properties of S. junceum L. flowers extract related to the marked analgesic activity and the absence of gastric ulcerogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Menghini
- Department of Drug Science, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
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32
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Sakakura A, Suzuki K, Katsuzaki H, Komiya T, Imamura T, Aizono Y, Imai K. Hanasanagin: a new antioxidative pseudo-di-peptide, 3,4-diguanidinobutanoyl-DOPA, from the mushroom, Isaria japonica. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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33
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Do Monte FHM, dos Santos JG, Russi M, Lanziotti VMNB, Leal LKAM, Cunha GMDA. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the hydroalcoholic extract of stems from Equisetum arvense L. in mice. Pharmacol Res 2004; 49:239-43. [PMID: 14726218 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2003.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract of stem from Equisetum arvense in mice were evaluated. The extract (10, 25, 50 and 100mgkg(-1), i.p.), reduced the writhing induced by acetic acid in 49, 57, 93 and 98%, respectively. In the formalin test, 50 and 100mgkg(-1) (i.p.) extract, reduced in 80 and 95% the licking activity in the first phase, but in the second phase only the latter dose diminished the licking time (35%). In both phases, naloxone failed to revert the analgesic effect of the extract. In the hot-plate test, the extract at 100 and 200mgkg(-1) does not change the latency to licking or jumping. In the carrageenan-induced paw oedema, the extract at 50mgkg(-1), reduced the paw oedema 2h (25%) and 4h (30%) after carrageenan administration. The dose of 100mgkg(-1) caused reduction of the paw oedema (29%) only 4h after carrageenan administration. These results indicate that this extract exhibits an antinociceptive effect in chemical models of nociception which is not related to the opioid system, as well as anti-inflammatory properties.
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34
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Kang DG, Yun CK, Lee HS. Screening and comparison of antioxidant activity of solvent extracts of herbal medicines used in Korea. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 87:231-236. [PMID: 12860314 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The hexane, ethylacetate, n-butanol, and water extracts of 10 Korean herbal medicines were screened and compared for their antioxidant activities in a range of lipid peroxidation system using rat brain homogenates, antihemolysis assay of red blood cells, and other in vitro assays to determine their ability to scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. All of the 10 Korean herbal medicines have potent antioxidant activities. Among the four solvent extracts, the antioxidant activities of more-polar solvent extracts (BuOH and water extracts) were relatively higher than that of non-polar solvent extracts (hexane and EtOAC extracts). These results will be useful to further analyze those herbal medicines that contain the most antioxidant activity in order to identify the active principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Gill Kang
- Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine and Medicinal Resources Research Center (MRRC), Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Chaudhary G, Sharma U, Jagannathan NR, Gupta YK. Evaluation of Withania somnifera in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2003; 30:399-404. [PMID: 12859433 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
1. Stroke causes brain injury in millions of people worldwide each year. Despite the enormity of the problem, there is currently no approved therapy that can reduce infarct size or neurological disability. One of the approaches that can be used in limiting the neurological damage after stroke is the use of prophylactic treatment in patients with a high-risk of stroke. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the Indian herbal plant Withania somnifera as a prophylactic treatment in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model of stroke in rats. 2. Two groups of male Wistar rats were pretreated with a hydroalcoholic extract of W. somnifera (1 g/kg, p.o.) for 15 and 30 days. Thereafter, rats were subjected to focal ischaemia by occlusion of the MCA using an intraluminal thread. After 2 h MCA occlusion, reperfusion was allowed by retracting the thread. Animals were assessed for ischaemic changes using diffusion-weighted imaging 30 min after reperfusion. Twenty-four hours later, rats were subjected to motor performance tests and were subsequently killed for the estimation of the marker of oxidative stress malondialdehyde (MDA). The control group received vehicle and a similar protocol was followed. 3. Significant motor impairment, with elevated levels of MDA, was observed in vehicle-treated MCA-occluded rats. In addition, diffusion-weighted imaging showed increased signal intensity in the right hemisphere compared with the contralateral hemisphere. Treatment with W. somnifera for 15 days did not improve motor performance or decrease the elevated levels of MDA. However, when the pretreatment time of W. somnifera was increased to 30 days, it prevented motor impairment and significantly decreased the raised levels of MDA compared with vehicle-treated rats. In the W. somnifera (30 days)-pretreated group, the percentage hemispheric lesion area in diffusion-weighted imaging was significantly attenuated (17 +/- 2%) compared with the vehicle-treated MCA-occluded group (30 +/- 4%). 4. Because W. somnifera has been documented to have anti-oxidant properties, the protection afforded by W. somnifera could be due to its anti-oxidant effect. The present study provides first evidence of the effectiveness of an Indian herb in focal ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Chaudhary
- Departments of Pharmacology and NMR, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Gracioso JDS, Vilegas W, Hiruma-Lima CA, Souza Brito ARM. Effects of tea from Turnera ulmifolia L. on mouse gastric mucosa support the Turneraceae as a new source of antiulcerogenic drugs. Biol Pharm Bull 2002; 25:487-91. [PMID: 11995930 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.25.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Turnera ulmifolia is a plant belonging to the family Turneraceae, popularly known in Brazil as chanana. This species is distributed from Guyana to southern Brazil where it is considered a weed. The plant occurs in tropical rain forest, fields, and gardens. Chanana tea is used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of diseases related mainly to gastric dysfunction including gastric and duodenal ulcers. In this study, the ability of a lyophilized infusion, as an aqueous fraction (AqF) of the aerial parts of T. ulmifolia, was investigated for its ability to prevent ulceration of the gastric and duodenal mucosa was examined in mice and rats, respectively. The AqF significantly reduced the formation of lesions associated with HCl/ethanol administration by 39% and 46%, respectively, at doses of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, p.o. The AqF also significantly reduced the incidence of gastric lesions induced by a combination of indomethacin and bethanechol by 58% and 72% at doses of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, respectively. In stress-induced gastric ulcer, the inhibition by the AqF was 48%, 57%, and 58% at doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg, respectively (p<0.05). A pyloric ligature experiment showed that the highest dose of the AqF significantly affected the gastric juice parameters by increasing the pH from 2.5 (control) to 5.3 and decreasing the acid output from 11.3 (control) to 3.7 mEq/ml/4 h. The AqF had no significant effect on duodenal ulcers induced by cysteamine. Preliminary phytochemical screening confirmed that flavonoids were the major constituents of the AqF of T. ulmifolia. These results indicate that this extract has a significant antiulcerogenic effect, as popularly believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano de Souza Gracioso
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP, Brazil
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