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Latif M, Elkoraichi I, El Faqer O, Wahnou H, Mtairag EM, Oudghiri M, Rais S. Phytochemical analysis and immunomodulatory activities in vitro and in vivo of Aframomum melegueta K Schum seed extracts. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1621-1631. [PMID: 38319475 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Aframomum melegueta K Schum (A. melegueta), an herbaceous plant renowned for its medicinal seeds, was investigated for its potential immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo using ethanolic and methanolic extracts. The immunomodulatory effect was evaluated by measuring antibody titers using the agglutination technique, while anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in a carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema model. In vitro immunomodulatory activity was measured by lysozyme release from neutrophils. Additionally, white blood cell counts were analyzed post-extracts treatment. The MTT assay was employed to determine cytotoxicity, and the biochemical parameters of liver toxicity were evaluated. Remarkably, both extracts exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in paw edema (p < 0.001), with the most significant reduction observed at 1 g/kg (78.13 and 74.27% for ethanolic and methanolic extracts, respectively). Neutrophil degranulation was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.003), reaching maximal inhibition at 100 μg/mg (60.78 and 39.7% for ethanolic and methanolic extracts, respectively). In comparison to the control group, both antibody production and white blood cell counts were reduced. Neither of the extracts showcased any cytotoxicity or toxicity. These findings suggest that A. melegueta extracts exhibit immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities due to the presence of various biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Latif
- Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ismail Elkoraichi
- Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Othman El Faqer
- Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hicham Wahnou
- Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - El Mostafa Mtairag
- Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mounia Oudghiri
- Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Samira Rais
- Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
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Asogwa FC, Apebende CG, Ugodi GW, Ebo P, Louis H, Ikeuba AI, Asogwa CJ, Gber TE, Ikot IJ, Owen AE. Anti-inflammatory, Immunomodulatory and DFT Evaluation of the Reactivity Indexes of Phytochemicals Isolated from Harungana madagascariensis. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Mazumdar S, Ghosh AK, Purohit S, Das AK, Bhattacharyya A, Karmakar P. Immunomodulatory activity of ethanol extract of Annona reticulata L. leaf in cultured immune cells and in Swiss albino mice. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100554. [PMID: 35334452 PMCID: PMC8943405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Annona reticulata Linn, has been shown to possess antipyretic, antihelmintic, hypoglycemic, antiulcer and wound healing properties. However, its immunomodulatory role is yet to be explored. Objective(s) In the present study, we intended to investigate the effects of A. reticulata leaf ethanol extract on various components of the immune system. Material and methods The effects of A. reticulata leaf extract on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocyte (THP1), and human macrophage (U937) cell lines were investigated. An animal study was conducted to observe the effect of the extract on humoral as well as cell mediated immunity. Results The extract stimulated proliferation of human PBMC, monocytes (THP1), and macrophages (U937) significantly in a dose dependent manner; expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) increased in western blot analysis. Additionally, the extract treated macrophages exhibited features of activation under the microscope with a significant hike in the NO production. Flow cytometry of extract treated human PBMC revealed increased proliferation of lymphocytes (CD4, CD8 & B-cells) along with enhanced intracellular expression of IL-2, IL-6. Animal study data indicate a significant rise in the antibody titer as well as a strong delayed type hypersensitivity response in the extract (150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) treated mice; furthermore, the expression of IL-2 and IL-6 in mice PBMC was augmented. Conclusion The collective data evince the immunomodulatory potential of A. reticulata L. leaf. Annona reticulata L. stimulates proliferation of human PBMC, monocytes, and macrophages significantly. The extract activates cultured macrophages (U937). The extract enhanced lymphocyte proliferation along with expression of interleukins in human PBMC. Extract treated mice revealed a strong DTH response with significant rise in the antibody titer. The expression of IL-2 and IL-6 in mice PBMC was augmented in the treated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Mazumdar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Amit K Ghosh
- Department of ENT & Head and Neck Surgery, Calcutta National Medical College, 32 Gorachand Road, Beniapukur, Kolkata 700014, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Purohit
- Department of Zoology (Immunology Lab), University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, West Bengal, India
| | - Anjan K Das
- Department of Pathology, Calcutta National Medical College, 32 Gorachand Road, Beniapukur, Kolkata 700014, West Bengal, India
| | - Arindam Bhattacharyya
- Department of Zoology (Immunology Lab), University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, West Bengal, India
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India.
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Silva RCRD, Cruz LNPD, Coutinho JMDS, Fonseca-Alves CE, Rebêlo JMM, Pereira SRF. Experimental transmission of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis to immunosuppressed mice through the bite of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) results in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2021; 63:e81. [PMID: 34878039 PMCID: PMC8670602 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202163081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutzomyia longipalpis is the natural vector of
Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, but it is also permissive
for several Leishmania species that are related to cutaneous
leishmaniasis (CL). Maranhao State (Northeast of Brazil) is endemic for CL and
has the highest number of cases of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) in the
country. It is a rare disease associated with a defective immune response mainly
caused by L. (L.) amazonensis. Additionally, the number of
immunosuppressed patients infected with the etiologic agents of CL has
increased, including regions in which the main vectors of CL are rare.
Therefore, we investigated whether Lu. longipalpis is able to
transmit L. (L.) amazonensis to uninfected and immunosuppressed
mice, resulting in CL. For that, 291 sand flies took an initial blood meal in
mice infected with L. (L.) amazonensis. Of these, 17 underwent
a second feeding on uninfected and immunosuppressed mice (of which 58.8% were
also positive for Leishmania according to data on the
dissection of the intestine). After 27 days of infection, these mice exhibited
leishmaniotic lesions. The occurrence of parasites on the animal’s skin was
confirmed by limiting dilution and immunohistopathological analyses. Parasite
DNA was also detected in paw lesions and inguinal lymph nodes. DNA sequencing
confirmed the Leishmania species in insects and mice. The
results confirmed the ability of Lu. longipalpis to become
infected and experimentally transmit L. (L.) amazonensis to
immunosuppressed rodents, resulting in leishmaniotic lesions. Our data open
perspectives for the potential role of Lu. longipalpis in the
epidemiology of urban cutaneous leishmaniasis, especially in immunosuppressed
patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Cristina Ribeiro da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Maranhão Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Léo Nava Piorsky Dominici Cruz
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Maranhão Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - João Manoel da Silva Coutinho
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Maranhão Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Silma Regina Ferreira Pereira
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Chen J, Li Z, Hua M, Sun Y. Protection by ginseng saponins against cyclophosphamide-induced liver injuries in rats by induction of cytochrome P450 expression and mediation of the l-arginine/nitric oxide pathway based on metabolomics. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3130-3144. [PMID: 33905145 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng saponins (GS) are the main active compounds in Panax ginseng and have been proven to be highly effective in attenuating the side effects of chemotherapy. However, there have been no reports on the mechanism of action of GS. Treatment with GS has certain benefits, including decreasing the toxicity levels in the liver [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST)], reducing oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO)], diminishing inflammatory factors [interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels], and augmenting the levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The pharmacokinetics study showed that the area under the curve from 0 to 24 hr (AUC 0-24 hr) of 4-ketocyclophosphamide (4-KetoCTX) and carboxyphosphamide (CPM) was significantly increased after GS treatment. This study found that GS treatment can reduce chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) production by affecting CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and CYP2C9 protein expression in the liver. For the metabolomics study, GS attenuated the abnormalities of amino acid metabolic pathways in CP-induced liver injuries of rats and significantly enhanced the l-arginine level while reducing the serum nitric oxide (NO) level. This outcome was confirmed by the inhibition of the activities of NO synthase in the liver of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Chen
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiman Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Mei Hua
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yinshi Sun
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
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Bernstein N, Akram M, Yaniv-Bachrach Z, Daniyal M. Is it safe to consume traditional medicinal plants during pregnancy? Phytother Res 2020; 35:1908-1924. [PMID: 33164294 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The popularity of natural medicine is growing worldwide. Unlike conventional licensed medicines, herbal medicine practices are usually not supported by effectiveness, efficacy, or safety studies, which raise concerns about potential risks involved in their usage, particularly in high-risk patients such as pregnant women where teratogenicity is a concern. Despite a lack of science-based evidence, the use of herbal products for the management of pregnancy-associated challenges is common, due to the common notion that they are free of toxic effects and adverse reactions because they are "natural." The lack of concern about utilizing herbal remedies during pregnancy is strengthened by the lack of regulation in most countries for their marketing. However, plant-based remedies are not free of adverse reactions. Medicinal plants and herbal remedies contain substances that can be toxic to the human body and the fetus. Potential effects of indiscriminate use of medicinal plants are embryotoxicity, teratogenic, and abortifacient effects. Some plant constituents can cross the placenta and reach the fetus. Phytochemicals and their metabolites are known to induce stimulation of uterine contraction and hormone imbalance that could result in abortion. The alterations to the hormonal profile can affect conception, induce teratogenic activity, and halt the pregnancy or produce a congenital malformation. Due to the wide range of modes of action of phytochemicals, some medicinal plants may be safe to use during certain trimesters of pregnancy and harmful at other stages. This manuscript reviews available scientific information concerning potential health hazards associated with the consumption of herbal medicines during pregnancy, highlighting those herbs that should be avoided due to their potential abortifacient and/or teratogenic activity. We focused on plants that were tested by preclinical studies, and studies of these plants are summarized. Common therapeutic use of these herbs, estimated effects, toxicological effects, and animal studies of these plants is summarized. The literature reviewed suggests that consumption of the following medicinal plants should be avoided during pregnancy: Abrus precatorius, Achyranthes aspera, Ailanthus excelsa, Aloe vera, Aristolochia indica, Areca catechu, Bambusa vulgaris, Cassia occidentalis, Cicer arietinum, Cimicifuga racemose, Dolichandrone falcate, Ginkgo biloba, Hydrastis canadensis, Indigofera trifoliate, Lavandula latifolia, Maytenus ilicifolia, Momordica cymbalaria, Moringa oleifera, Musa rosacea, Oxalis corniculate, Phytolacca dodecandra, Plumeria rubra, Ricinus communis, Ruta graveolens, Stachys lavandulifolia, Senna alata, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Vitus agnus-castus, and Valeriana officinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirit Bernstein
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, China
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Bakhtiary Z, Shahrooz R, Ahmadi A, Soltanalinejad F. Protective effect of ethyl pyruvate on testicular histology and fertilization potential in cyclophosphamide treated mice. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2020; 11:7-13. [PMID: 32537101 PMCID: PMC7282215 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2018.91253.2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to address the use of ethyl pyruvate (EP) against the harmful effects of cyclophosphamide (CP) treatment. Thirty-nine adult male mice were divided into three groups including control group received normal saline [0.20 mL per day; intraperitoneally (IP)], CP group received CP (15.00 mg kg-1 per week, IP) and CP+EP group received EP (40.00 mg kg-1 per day, IP) along with CP and treated for 35 days. After preparation of paraffin sections and Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, the histomorphometric studies were performed on the testicular tissue. Additionally, the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and testosterone level, testis malondialdehyde (MDA) and in vitro fertilization rate were assessed. The results showed an increase in the tubal differentiation index, repopulation index, spermiogenesis index, thickness of testicular capsule, mean distribution of active Sertoli cells, SOD and testosterone levels of the CP+EP group in comparison with the CP group. Moreover, the MDA levels in the CP+EP group were lower than the CP group. An increase occurred in the percentage of fertilization in the CP+EP group compared to the CP group. Results of this study revealed that the EP ameliorates deleterious side effects of CP on testicular histology and in vitro fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bakhtiary
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rasoul Shahrooz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Abbas Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Farhad Soltanalinejad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Anti-psoriatic and immunomodulatory evaluation of psorospermum febrifugum spach and its phytochemicals. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Yoo JH, Lee YS, Ku S, Lee HJ. Phellinus baumii enhances the immune response in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Nutr Res 2019; 75:15-31. [PMID: 31955012 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phellinus species is a mushroom used as traditional medicine in Eastern Asia. Research on Phellinus baumii (PB) is relatively limited; however, it has been reported to have antioxidant, DNA damage-protecting, immunostimulating, and antidiabetic activities. In our previous study on anti-inflammatory properties in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and the various bioactive components of PB, we propose that PB could exert immune enhancing effects. Therefore, our current study aimed to investigate the immune-enhancing effect on immunosuppressed mice. Different concentrations of PB extract (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) were given to mice via oral gavage for 6 weeks accompanied by intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide administration to induce immunosuppression. A bone marrow micronucleus test was performed in mice to screen for potential genotoxic compounds. Splenocyte viability and proliferation, splenic and peritoneal natural killer cell activities, and hematological markers were then measured. Cytokines in the spleen and serum, as well as splenic mRNA levels of nuclear factor-κB; interferon-γ; tumor necrosis factor-α; and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-12, were determined in mice. As a result, PB ameliorated T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation, splenic and peritoneal NK cell activities, bone marrow cells, hematological markers, cytokine levels, and T-lymphocyte numbers. Moreover, serum and spleen cytokine levels and mRNA expression were elevated in the PB groups compared to controls. Our results suggest that the PB extract can be used as a potent immunomodulator under immunosuppressive conditions. Thus, PB may be used as a potent biofunctional and pharmaceutical material to potentially enhance human immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyun Yoo
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - You-Suk Lee
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea; Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - SaeKwang Ku
- Department of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, 1, Hanuidae-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsanbuk-do, 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea; Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
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Dhanisha SS, Drishya S, Guruvayoorappan C. Pithecellobium dulce fruit extract mitigates cyclophosphamide-mediated toxicity by regulating proinflammatory cytokines. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13083. [PMID: 31633209 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pithecellobium dulce (Family: Fabaceae) is an edible fruit widely used in Asian-Pacific region. In the present study, we had investigated the protective effect of P. dulce fruit extract in mitigating harmful effects of the chemotherapeutic drug, cyclophosphamide (CTX). Our results showed that P. dulce treatment could significantly (p < .01) overcome CTX-induced immunosuppression accompanied with urotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity in experimental animals. This was supported by histopathological data which proved that toxic effects of CTX in urinary bladder walls, liver, and kidney were markedly inhibited with P. dulce administration. Further, we observed significant alterations in in situ formation or release of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulation factor (GM-CSF) and interferon gamma (IFN ɤ) in the P. dulce treated group compared with cyclophosphamide control group. The outcome of the study could have wide range of applications in combating chemotherapy-associated malnutrition as well as in cancer drug development. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: CTX is a commonly used broad spectrum chemotherapeutic drug with severe side effects including immune suppression, malnutrition, urotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Identification of a novel immunomodulator from natural sources can resolve these side effects and could improve the quality of life of cancer patients receiving CTX as chemotherapeutic drug. In the present study, we had proved that P. dulce administration could significantly reduce CTX-induced immunotoxicity, urothelial toxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Administration of P. dulce showed a pronounced improvement in total leukocyte count, bone marrow cellularity/α-esterase activity, expression of antioxidant glutathione and cytokines (GM-CSF and INF-ɤ) compared to CTX-treated mice group. Further, histopathological analysis confirmed the protective efficacy of P. dulce against CTX-induced urothelial, hepato and kidney damage. These insights are fostering new combinational therapeutic approaches to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Sulekha Dhanisha
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sudarsanan Drishya
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Chandrasekharan Guruvayoorappan
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Sunil MA, Sunitha VS, Radhakrishnan EK, Jyothis M. Immunomodulatory activities of Acacia catechu, a traditional thirst quencher of South India. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2019; 10:185-191. [PMID: 29502869 PMCID: PMC6822161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acacia catechu has been widely used in Ayurveda for treating many diseases. Its heartwood extract is used in asthma, cough, bronchitis, colic, diarrhea, dysentery, boils, skin afflictions, sores and for stomatitis. The decoction of heartwood is used for drinking purpose in southern part of India especially in Kerala. OBJECTIVE The current study was carried out to evaluate immunomodulatory effects of heartwood extracts of A. catechu in Swiss albino mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vivo immunomodulatory activity was analyzed by hemagglutinating antibody (HA) titer, plaque forming cell assay and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). In vitro immunomodulatory potential of the extracts was studied using peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes from mice. Effect of extracts on phagocytic activity of macrophages was analyzed by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay and cellular lysosomal enzyme assay. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied by nitric oxide (NO) assay and production of TNF-α and IL-10. RESULTS A dose dependent increase in antibody titer was observed with extracts treatment. Treatment with extracts produced an enhancement in the number of antibody producing cells in the spleen. DTH reaction was significantly decreased with extracts treatment. An increased phagocytic response was shown by peritoneal macrophages on treatment with the extracts as evidenced by its effect on NBT reduction and cellular lysosomal enzyme activity. The extracts inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and the production of NO. IL-10 production was significantly increased after extract treatment. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate the immunomodulatory effects of A. catechu extracts on humoral, cell mediated and non-specific immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sunil
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India.
| | - V S Sunitha
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India
| | - E K Radhakrishnan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India
| | - M Jyothis
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India
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An in-vivo Study of the Immunomodulatory Activity of Coumarinolignoids from Cleome viscosa. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700200911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleome viscosa (Capparidaceae) is used in fever, inflammation and liver diseases. Systematic investigation of the seeds of this species has resulted in the isolation of three coumarinolignoids, cleomiscosin A, B and C. The present study was undertaken to determine the immunomodulatory activity of these coumarinolignoids using inbred female Swiss albino mice as an in-vivo study. Experimental animals were divided into six groups, each comprised of six mice. These received oral treatment for a period of 28 days. Body weight variation, and hematological, humoral and cell mediated immune response related parameters were studied in which coumarinolignoids at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight enhanced the body immune function by significantly increasing the white blood cell count, hemagglutination antibody titer responses, and reducing delayed type hypersensitivity response towards rabbit red blood cells.
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Sunil MA, Sunitha VS, Ashitha A, Neethu S, Midhun SJ, Radhakrishnan EK, Jyothis M. Catechin rich butanol fraction extracted from Acacia catechu L. (a thirst quencher) exhibits immunostimulatory potential. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 27:195-207. [PMID: 30648572 PMCID: PMC9298633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acacia catechu L., (Fabaceae) named as “catechu” is a plant, the decoction of heartwood of which is daily consumed as thirst quencher by a good percentage of the population in South India. The plant is mainly distributed in India and other Asian countries. It has been used in Indian traditional medicine for the treatment of asthma, bronchitis, colic, diarrhea, boils, skin afflictions, sores and stomatitis. The present investigation was aimed to study the immunomodulatory effects of different fractions of ethanol extract of A. catechu heartwood and HPLC analysis of the active fraction. Three fractions namely, butanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate were prepared from ethanol extract of A. catechu heartwood. Each of these fractions was assessed for its immunomodulatory activity. In vivo immunomodulatory activity was analyzed by sheep red blood cells (SRBC) specific hemagglutinating antibody titer, plaque-forming cell assay and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in Swiss albino mice. In vitro immunomodulating potential of the fractions was studied using murine peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes. Non-specific immune functions such as phagocytosis (nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay and cellular lysosomal enzyme assay), nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine release (TNF-α and IL-10) were studied in macrophages. In addition, splenocyte proliferation was also studied. In the in vivo experiments, butanol and chloroform fractions showed an increase in antibody titer dose-dependently. At higher dose (400 mg/kg b. w.) treatment the butanol fraction produced an enhancement in the number of plaque-forming cells (antibody producing cells) in the spleen. SRBC induced DTH reaction was significantly increased with butanol fraction in a dose-dependent manner. Peritoneal macrophages showed an increased phagocytic response on treatment with butanol fraction (100 μg/mL) as evidenced by its effect on nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and cellular lysosomal enzyme activity. All three fractions inhibited the production of NO and the release of TNF-α. Interleukin-10 production was significantly increased after treatment with butanol fraction. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the butanol fraction showed the presence of high concentration of catechin. The results suggested that butanol fraction of ethanol extract of A. catechu heartwood had immunomodulatory effects on non-specific, humoral, and cell-mediated immune functions. This study may be useful in validating the rationality of daily consumption of decoction of A. catechu and also its use in traditional medicine system. The study also suggests the possible use of A. catechu in the immunostimulatory herbal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sunil
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - V S Sunitha
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - A Ashitha
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Sahadevan Neethu
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Sebastian J Midhun
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - E K Radhakrishnan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Mathew Jyothis
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India.
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Anjum V, Arora P, Ansari SH, Najmi AK, Ahmad S. Antithrombocytopenic and immunomodulatory potential of metabolically characterized aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaves. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:2043-2056. [PMID: 28836477 PMCID: PMC6130488 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1346690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Carica papaya Linn. (Caricaceae) leaf (CPL) juice has long been traditionally used in ethnomedicine for dengue fever. OBJECTIVE The study examines the effects of standardized CPL aqueous extract (SCPLE) on platelet count, extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH), and immunomodulation in cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced animal model of thrombocytopenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extract was analyzed for myricetin, caffeic acid, trans-ferulic acid, and kaempferol using HPTLC for standardization followed by UPLC-qTOF/MS fingerprinting for metabolite signature. The effects of SCPLE (50 and 150 mg/kg p.o.) on proliferative response of platelet count and total leucocyte count (TLC) were observed up to 14 days in Wistar rat. However, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), haemagglutination titre (HT), and in vivo carbon clearance were examined as immunomodulatory parameters in albino mice at 150 mg/kg p.o. against CP. RESULTS The quantitative HPTLC estimation of SCPLE showed the presence of myricetin, caffeic acid, trans-ferulic acid, and kaempferol up to 280.16 ± 5.99, 370.18 ± 6.27, 1110.86 ± 2.97, and 160.53 ± 2.48 (μg/g), respectively. Twenty-four metabolites were identified using UPLC-qTOF/MS. Oral administration of SCPLE (150 mg/kg) in thrombocytopenic rats exhibited significant (p < 0.01) increase in thrombocytes (1014.83 × 103 cells/mm3), DTH response (0.16 ± 0.004), and phagocytic index (63.15% increase) as compared to CP-induced thrombocytopenia group. Histopathological studies showed minimal fibrosis in spleen histology. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Results suggest CPL can mediate the release of platelets providing the means for the treatment and prevention of dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varisha Anjum
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Arora
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shahid Husain Ansari
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
- CONTACT Sayeed Ahmad Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Martel J, Ko YF, Ojcius DM, Lu CC, Chang CJ, Lin CS, Lai HC, Young JD. Immunomodulatory Properties of Plants and Mushrooms. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:967-981. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Balaban YH, Aka C, Koca-Caliskan U. Liver immunology and herbal treatment. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:757-770. [PMID: 28660010 PMCID: PMC5474722 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i17.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond the metabolic functions, the liver recently has been defined as an organ of immune system (IS), which have central regulatory role for innate and adaptive immunity. The liver keeps a delicate balance between hepatic screening of pathogenic antigens and immune tolerance to self-antigens. Herbal treatments with immunological effects have potential to alter this hepatic immune balance towards either therapeutic side or diseases side by inducing liver injury via hepatotoxicity or initiation of autoimmune diseases. Most commonly known herbal treatments, which have therapeutic effect on liver and IS, have proven via in vitro, in vivo, and/or clinical studies were summarized in this review.
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Ma B, Kan WLT, Zhu H, Li SL, Lin G. Sulfur fumigation reducing systemic exposure of ginsenosides and weakening immunomodulatory activity of ginseng. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 195:222-230. [PMID: 27856301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginseng (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) is used worldwide for its miracle tonic effects, especially for its immunomodulatory activities. Sulfur fumigation, a fast and convenient method to prevent pesticidal and bacterial contamination in the food industry, has been recently employed during post-harvest processing of ginseng. Our previous studies demonstrated that sulfur fumigation significantly altered the chemical profile of the bioactive ingredients in ginseng. However, the effects of sulfur fumigation on the pharmacokinetics and bioactivities of ginseng remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To examine the effects of sulfur fumigation on the pharmacokinetics and immunomodulatory activities of ginseng. MATERIALS AND METHODS For pharmacokinetic studies, male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to single/multiple dosages of non-fumigated ginseng (NFG) and sulfur fumigated ginseng (SFG) were investigated using HPLC-MS/MS analysis. For bioactivity studies, male ICR mice were used to compare the immunomodulatory effects of NFG or SFG under both normal and cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunocompromised conditions using white blood cell counts, serum cytokine levels, and spleen and thymus weight indices. RESULTS Sulfur fumigation significantly reduced the contents of the bioactive ginsenosides in ginseng, which resulted in drastically low systemic exposure of ginsenosides in SFG-treatment group compared to NFG-treatment group. This observation was consistent with the bioactivities obtained in NFG- and SFG-treatment groups. The bioactivity studies also demonstrated the immunomodulatory effects of NFG but not SFG in the CY-induced immunosuppressed mice. CONCLUSION Sulfur fumigation significantly reduced contents of bioactive ginsenosides in ginseng, leading to dramatic decrease in the systemic exposure of these ginsenosides in the body and detrimental reduction of immunomodulatory effects of ginseng. Our results provided scientific evidences and laid a solid foundation for the needs of thorough evaluation of the significant impact of sulfur fumigation on ginseng and other medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Joint Research Laboratory of Promoting Globalization of Traditional Chinese Medicines between The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Winnie Lai Ting Kan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Joint Research Laboratory of Promoting Globalization of Traditional Chinese Medicines between The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Ge Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Joint Research Laboratory of Promoting Globalization of Traditional Chinese Medicines between The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China.
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Issiki Z, Moundir C, Marnissi F, Seddik N, Benjelloun N, Zaid Y, Oudghiri M. Toxicological Evaluation of the Aqueous Extract of Caralluma europaea and Its Immunomodulatory and Inflammatory Activities. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:390-395. [PMID: 29263634 PMCID: PMC5717793 DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_24_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Caralluma europaea (CE) has been studied for its chemical constituents, and no information is available on its toxicity or its pharmacological activities. Objective: To determine the toxicity of an aqueous extract of CE stems in vitro and in vivo after acute and subchronic oral gavages in Swiss albino's mice and its immunomodulatory and inflammatory activities. Materials and Methods: The extract was administrated in single oral dose at 5 g/kg body weight for the acute toxicity test and by gavages daily at doses of 1, 2.5, or 5 g/kg for 30 consecutive days for the subchronic toxicity test. The immunomodulatory activities and inflammatory activities were tested by the evaluation of hemagglutination antibodies (HAs) titers and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. Results: For the dose of 1 g/kg, no visible toxic effects were observed. However, for the higher doses, clinical observations of toxicity were noted after 1 week of treatment. This was confirmed by the biochemical parameters values and the histology analyses of the spleen, liver, and kidney tissues. The high cellular mortality rate in vitro when treated with CE extract confirmed their toxicity potential. There was also increase of “HA titer” and “DTH” response in mice treated with nontoxic dose of CE (1 g/kg) compared to control group. This immune activity was confirmed by the high number of lymphocytes infiltrates noted in the different organs. Conclusion: We conclude that CE at the dose up of 1 g/kg produced toxic effect in mice that induced an immune inflammatory reaction. SUMMARY Caralluma europaea (CE) has been studied for its chemical constituents, and no information is available on its toxicity or its pharmacological activities. The objective is to determine the toxicity of an aqueous extract of CE stems in vitro and in vivo after acute and subchronic oral gavages in Swiss albino's mice and its immunomodulatory and inflammatory activities. For the dose of 1 g/kg, no visible toxic effects were observed. However, for the higher doses, clinical observations of toxicity were noted after 1 week of treatment. This was confirmed by the biochemical parameters values and the histology analyses of the spleen, liver, and kidney tissues. The high cellular mortality rate in vitro confirmed their toxicity potential. There was also increase of “hemagglutination antibody titer” and “delayed-type hypersensitivity” response in mice treated with nontoxic dose of CE (1 g/kg) compared to control group. This immune activity was confirmed by the high number of lymphocytes infiltrates noted in the different organs. We conclude that CE at the dose up of 1 g/kg produced toxic effect in mice that induced an immune inflammatory reaction.
Abbreviations Used: CE: Caralluma europaea, ALT: Alanine aminotransferase, AST: Aspartate aminotransferase, RRBCs: Rat red blood cells, DTH: Delayed-type hypersensitivity response, PBS: Phosphate buffer solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Issiki
- Department of Biology, Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 5366 Maarif, Morocco
| | - Chaimaa Moundir
- Department of Biology, Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 5366 Maarif, Morocco
| | - Farida Marnissi
- Department of Anatomopathology, University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd, 19, rue Tarik Bnou Ziad, Mers Sultan, Morocco
| | - Nadia Seddik
- Department of Biology, Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 5366 Maarif, Morocco
| | - Naima Benjelloun
- Department of Biology, Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 5366 Maarif, Morocco
| | - Younes Zaid
- National Research Laboratory, University Mohammed VI of Health Sciences, Rue Ali Bnou Abi Taleb, Quartier Parc de la Ligue Arabe, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mounia Oudghiri
- Department of Biology, Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 5366 Maarif, Morocco
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Sheeja K, Kuttan G. Protective Effect of Andrographis paniculata and Andrographolide on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Urothelial Toxicity. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 5:244-51. [PMID: 16880430 DOI: 10.1177/1534735406291984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of Andrograhis paniculata and andrographolide (ANDLE) against cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced urothelial toxicity was investigated in this study. Pretreatment of Swiss albino mice with A paniculata extract (10 mg/dose/animal intraperitoneally [ip]) and ANDLE (500 μg/dose/animal ip) could significantly reduce CTX (1.5 nmol/kg body weight)-induced urothelial toxicity. Morphological and histopathological analysis of urinary bladder of CTX-treated mice showed severe inflammation and dark coloration, whereas A paniculata and ANDLE-treated mice showed almost normal bladder morphology. Elevation of urinary protein level (7.33±0.3 g/L) by CTX administration was reduced by A paniculata (3.78 ± 0.4 g/L) and ANDLE treatment (4.19 ± 0.1 g/L). Urinary urea N2level, which was elevated after 48 hours of CTX administration (24.25 ± 0.2 g/L) was found to be reduced by the treatment with A paniculata (14.19 ± 0.5 g/L) and ANDLE (15.79 ± 0.4 g/L). A decreased level of reduced glutahione (GSH) content in liver (2.81 ± 0.1 nmol/mg protein) and bladder (1.20 ± 0.2 nmol/mg protein) after CTX administration was also increased by the treatment with A paniculata (liver: 5.78 ± 0.3 nmol/mg protein; bladder: 2.96 ± 0.2 nmol/mg protein) and ANDLE (liver: 5.14 ± 0.3 nmol/mg protein; bladder: 2.84 ± 0.2 nmol/mg protein). Production of the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α, which was elevated during CTX administration, was found to be inhibited by A paniculata and ANDLE treatment. The lowered level of interleukin-2 and interferon-γ during CTX treatment was elevated by the administration of A paniculata and ANDLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sheeja
- Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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20
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Haque R, Bin-Hafeez B, Parvez S, Pandey S, Sayeed I, Ali M, Raisuddin S. Aqueous extract of walnut (Juglans regia L.) protects mice against cyclophosphamideinduced biochemical toxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 22:473-80. [PMID: 14580007 DOI: 10.1191/0960327103ht388oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is extensively used in traditional systems of medicine for treatment of various ailments. It is described as an anticancer, tonic, blood purifier and detoxifier agent. The present study was undertaken to investigate modulatory effects of walnut extract on the toxicity of an anticancer drug, cyclophosphamide (CP) with special reference to protection against disruption of drug metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes. Plant extract+CP group animals showed restoration in the level of cytochrome P450 (CYP) content and in the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GP) and catalase (CAT) in both liver and kidneys. But plant extract restored the activity of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidneys only when compared with CP-treated animals. Plant extract treatment alone caused significant reduction in the content of CYP in the kidneys mainly. The extract showed a significant increase in the level of GSH and in the activities of GP in both the tissues and CAT in liver only, whereas no significant change was observed in the activities of GST and SOD. CP treatment resulted in a significant (P<0.01) increase in the lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the liver and kidneys compared with controls, while the extract CP treated group showed a significant decrease in the LPO in liver and kidneys when compared with the CP-treated group. The study shows that the use of J. regia extract might be helpful in abrogation of CP toxicity during the chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Haque
- Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110 062, India
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21
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Omokhua AG, McGaw LJ, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. (Asteraceae) in sub-Saharan Africa: A synthesis and review of its medicinal potential. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 183:112-122. [PMID: 25975513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. (Asteraceae) is a scrambling perennial shrub that originated in the Americas, but is now common in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Oceania, where it has become a serious weed. The species, particularly the biotype found in Asia and West Africa, has many ethnopharmacological uses, including treatment of malaria, wounds, diarrhoea, skin infection, toothache, dysentery, stomach ache, sore throat, convulsions, piles, coughs and colds. Furthermore, no attempt has been made to synthesise and review the available literature on the usefulness of the plant in the sub-Saharan African region, hence this paper examines the beneficial attributes of C. odorata in sub-Saharan Africa. MATERIAL AND METHODS Published information on the species was gathered by the use of different database platforms, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciFinder and Scopus. RESULTS Records indicate that two biotypes of C. odorata are present in sub-Saharan Africa viz. the more widespread Asian/West African C. odorata biotype (AWAB) and the southern African biotype (SAB). While the usefulness of the former is well elucidated in the literature, such information on the latter is still scarce. Although the importance of AWAB C. odorata as a fallow species and as a soil fertility improvement plant in the slash and burn rotation system of agriculture in West Africa is increasingly being recognised, its usage in traditional medicinal practice is far more appreciated. The species has a wide range of ethnopharmacological uses, possibly because of the presence of flavonoids, essential oils, phenolics, tannins and saponins. The plant is reported to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anthelminthic, antifungal, cytotoxic, anticonvulsant, antiprotozoal, antispasmodic, antipyretic and analgesic properties. CONCLUSION While the results of this review suggest that the AWAB plant can be exploited as an alternative to other threatened plant species known to possess similar medicinal potential, the medicinal and pharmacological potential of the SAB plant remains to be established. Further studies on the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of the SAB plants will not only advance our knowledge of ethnobotany and ethnomedicine, but may also improve the health and knowledge of the local people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitebiremen G Omokhua
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J McGaw
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Jeffrey F Finnie
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa. rcpgd.ukzn.@ac.za
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Yin JJ, Zhou Q, Wang L, Xu W, Zhang JL. Protective effect of extract ofMauremys muticaagainst cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced suppression of immune function in mice. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1148122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Teles AVFF, Fock RA, Górniak SL. Effects of long-term administration of Senna occidentalis seeds on the hematopoietic tissue of rats. Toxicon 2015; 108:73-9. [PMID: 26435339 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Senna occidentalis (S. occidentalis) is a toxic leguminous plant that contaminates crops and has been shown to be toxic to several animal species. All parts of the plant are toxic, but most of the plant's toxicity is due to its seeds. Despite its toxicity, S. occidentalis is widely used for therapeutic purposes in humans. The aim of the present work was to investigate, for the first time, the effects of the chronic administration of S. occidentalis seeds on hematopoietic organs, including the bone marrow and spleen. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of 10 animals. Rats were treated with diets containing 0% (control), 0.5% (So0.5), 1% (So1), or 2% (So2) S. occidentalis seeds for a period of 90 days. Food and water were provided ad libitum, except to pair-fed (PF) group which received the same amount of ration to those of So2 group, however free of S. occidentalis seeds. It was verified that rats treated with 2% S. occidentalis seeds presented changes in hematological parameters. The blood evaluation also showed a significant decrease of the Myeloid/Erythroid (M/E) ratio. Chronic treatment with S. occidentalis promoted a reduction in the cellularity of both the bone marrow and spleen. Additionally, we observed changes in bone marrow smears, iron stores and spleen hemosiderin accumulation. Histological analyses of bone marrow revealed erythroid hyperplasia which was consistent with the increased reticulocyte count. These findings suggest that the long-term administration of S. occidentalis seeds can promote blood toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V F F Teles
- Departament of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R A Fock
- Departament of Clinical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S L Górniak
- Departament of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Shirani K, Hassani FV, Razavi-Azarkhiavi K, Heidari S, Zanjani BR, Karimi G. Phytotrapy of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:1262-1275. [PMID: 26026872 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a cytotoxic drug that can suppress both humoral and cellular immunity. Combining traditional medicinal herbs and chemotherapy drugs are used to improve immunity and quality of life performance status. In this paper, the effects of plant extracts, active components and their derivatives on immunosuppression of CP are discussed. Appropriate keywords were used to search through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Sciverse. All relevant results published from 1990 to date were chosen for final review. Over 50 references were found in which plant extracts, active components and their derivatives have been tested for their immune protective effects against CP-induced immune toxicity. Although there are several plants shown to be effective in animal models, no study was carried out on human subjects. According to the results; we can claim that plants and their active ingredients are good candidates for alternative adjuvant chemotherapy in reducing the immunotoxicity of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Shirani
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Vahdati Hassani
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kamal Razavi-Azarkhiavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Somayeh Heidari
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bamdad Riahi Zanjani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center and Pharmacy School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Wang J, Tong X, Li P, Liu M, Peng W, Cao H, Su W. Bioactive components on immuno-enhancement effects in the traditional Chinese medicine Shenqi Fuzheng Injection based on relevance analysis between chemical HPLC fingerprints and in vivo biological effects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:405-15. [PMID: 24950446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shenqi Fuzheng Injection (SFI) is an injectable traditional Chinese herbal formula comprised of two Chinese herbs, Radix codonopsis and Radix astragali, which were commonly used to improve immune functions against chronic diseases in an integrative and holistic way in China and other East Asian countries for thousands of years. MATERIALS AND METHODS This present study was designed to explore the bioactive components on immuno-enhancement effects in SFI using the relevance analysis between chemical fingerprints and biological effects in vivo. According to a four-factor, nine-level uniform design, SFI samples were prepared with different proportions of the four portions separated from SFI via high speed counter current chromatography (HSCCC). SFI samples were assessed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for 23 identified components. For the immunosuppressed murine experiments, biological effects in vivo were evaluated on spleen index (E1), peripheral white blood cell counts (E2), bone marrow cell counts (E3), splenic lymphocyte proliferation (E4), splenic natural killer cell activity (E5), peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis (E6) and the amount of interleukin-2 (E7). Based on the hypothesis that biological effects in vivo varied with differences in components, multivariate relevance analysis, including gray relational analysis (GRA), multi-linear regression analysis (MLRA) and principal component analysis (PCA), were performed to evaluate the contribution of each identified component. RESULTS The results indicated that the bioactive components of SFI on immuno-enhancement activities were calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (P9), isomucronulatol-7,2'-di-O-glucoside (P11), biochanin-7-glucoside (P12), 9,10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-xylosylglucoside (P15) and astragaloside IV (P20), which might have positive effects on spleen index (E1), splenic lymphocyte proliferation (E4), splenic natural killer cell activity (E5), peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis (E6) and the amount of interleukin-2 (E7), while 5-hydroxymethyl-furaldehyde (P5) and lobetyolin (P13) might have negative effects on E1, E4, E5, E6 and E7. Finally, the bioactive HPLC fingerprint of SFI based on its bioactive components on immuno-enhancement effects was established for quality control of SFI. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study provided a perspective to explore the bioactive components in a traditional Chinese herbal formula with a series of HPLC and animal experiments, which would be helpful to improve quality control and inspire further clinical studies of traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxu Wang
- Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xin Tong
- Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Peibo Li
- Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Menghua Liu
- Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Wei Peng
- Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Hui Cao
- Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai 519020, PR China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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The ameliorative effects of Averroha carambola on humoral response to sheep erythrocytes in non-treated and cyclophosphamide-immunocompromised mice. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-6189(14)60027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Bhatia K, Rahman S, Ali M, Raisuddin S. In vitroantioxidant activity ofJuglans regiaL. bark extract and its protective effect on cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity in mice. Redox Rep 2013; 11:273-9. [PMID: 17207309 DOI: 10.1179/135100006x155030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) bark has been claimed to possess anti-inflammatory, blood purifying, anticancer, depurative, diuretic and laxative activities. It contains several therapeutically active constituents, especially polyphenols. We studied the antioxidant potential of aqueous extract of walnut bark and its modulatory effect on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced urotoxicity in Swiss albino male mice. Free radical-scavenging activity of extract was assessed in four in vitro assays. The phenolic and flavonolic contents of the extract were also measured. Walnut bark extract treatment (150 mg/kg p.o. x 10 days) resulted in protective restoration of decreased antioxidants in CP-treated (18 mg/kg i.p. x 10 days) animals. CP treatment caused decreases in the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and in the glutathione (GSH) content in urinary bladder and a significant concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO). Administration of extract restored all the antioxidants significantly and lowered the elevated LPO in the bladder. A correlation between radical scavenging capacities of the extract with phenolic content was observed thus justifying its antioxidant potential against oxidative stress-mediated urotoxicity in mice. Walnut is reported to possess antiproliferative activity. Its protective effect on CP-induced toxicity in bladder is a promising activity, which warrants possible clinical investigations on this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Bhatia
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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Vattem DA, Lester C, Deleon R, Jamison B, Maitin V. Dietary supplementation with two Lamiaceae herbs-(oregano and sage) modulates innate immunity parameters in Lumbricus terrestris. Pharmacognosy Res 2013; 5:1-9. [PMID: 23598918 PMCID: PMC3579013 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.105636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lamiaceae herbs have are well known for their immunomodulatory effects, however, the mechanism by which they effect innate immune system is not clearly understood. OBJECTIVE The effect of dietary supplementation with two Lamiaceae herbs (oregano and sage) modulation of on innate immunological parameters was investigated in Lumbricus terrestris. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were fed (ad libitum) on herbs supplemented diet [(0.1% (w/v) and 0.5% (w/v)] for 6 days. Changes in immune competent cell counts, viability, and relative neutrophil-like cell counts were determined in response to herb treatment. Changes in nitric oxide, phagocytic activity, and respiratory burst index were also determined in response to herb treatment relative to control. Additionally, effect of herb co-treatment cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg-BW) induced immunosuppression was also evaluated. RESULTS Our results suggested abrogation of CP-induced immunosuppression in response to co-treatment with herbs. Significant increase in nitric oxide-mediated immune-competent cell counts, viability, and differentiation into neutrophil-like cells were observed in response to dietary supplementation with Lamiaceae herbs. Significantly higher phagocytic activity relative to control was also noted in response to dietary intake of oregano and sage. However, the respiratory burst index did not increase exponentially in response to herb treatments, suggesting a potential enhancement in pathogen recognition and antioxidant defenses. CONCLUSION Lamiaceae herbs may have potential immune-modulatory properties important for human health and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Vattem
- Nutrition Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
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Hussain A, Shadma W, Maksood A, Ansari SH. Protective effects of Picrorhiza kurroa on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice. Pharmacognosy Res 2013; 5:30-5. [PMID: 23598922 PMCID: PMC3579017 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.105646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the immunomodulatory effect of ethanolic and aqueous extract of the rhizomes of Picrorrhiza kurroa (Scrophulariaceae) in normal and immunosuppressed mice models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rhizomes extract of Picrorrhiza kurroa was administered orally according to their body weight in mice. The study was carried out by various hematological and serological tests. The assessment of immunomodulatory activity on specific and non-specific immunity was studied by administration of test extract. The method of cyclophasphamide-induced immunosuppression was employed with slight modification to study the immunomodulatory potential of the extract. Plant extracts were administered by oral feeding canula to the test groups (groups III-VI), group I (control animals) and group II (model control animals) received same volume of normal saline (0.2 ml). Humoral antibody response to SRBC measurement of antibody titer by hemagglutination reaction was done. The mice belonging to the all groups were antigenically challenged with SRBC (0.5×10(9) cells/ml/100 g) on 10(th) day intraparitoneally. Cellular immune response (Foot pad reaction test) the edema was induced by injecting SRBC (0.025×10(9) cells) in left paw, and 0.025 ml of saline was injected in right paw. RESULTS The plant extract showed protective effects on humoral immunity. The change in percentage deduction in footpad volume was also found significant (P<0.001). Administration of extract remarkably ameliorated both cellular and humoral antibody response. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the test extracts possessed promising immunostimulant properties. But, the alcoholic extract is more potent than aqueous extract in producing delayed type hypersensitivity response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi road, Dasauli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Panneerselvam C, Murugan K. Adulticidal, repellent, and ovicidal properties of indigenous plant extracts against the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 2012. [PMID: 23192528 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases with an economic impact create loss in commercial and labor outputs, particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates. Mosquito control is facing a threat because of the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. Extracts from plants may be alternative sources of mosquito control agents because they constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds that are biodegradable into nontoxic products and potentially suitable for use to control mosquitoes. Insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. In view of the recently increased interest in developing plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticide, this study was undertaken to assess the adulticidal, repellent, and ovicidal potential of the crude hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, aqueous, and methanol solvent extracts from the medicinal plants Andrographis paniculata, Cassia occidentalis, and Euphorbia hirta against the medically important mosquito vector, Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae).The adult mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. All extracts showed moderate adulticide effects; however, the highest adult mortality was found in methanol extract of A. paniculata followed by C. occidentalis and E. hirta against the adults of A. stephensi with LC(50) and LC(90) values of 210.30, 225.91, and 263.91 ppm and 527.31, 586.36, and 621.91 ppm, respectively. The results of the repellent activity of hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, aqueous, and methanol extract of A. paniculata, C. occidentalis, and E. hirta plants at three different concentrations of 1.0, 3.0, and 6.0 mg/cm(2) were applied on skin of forearm in man and exposed against adult female mosquitoes. In this observation, these three plant crude extracts gave protection against mosquito bites without any allergic reaction to the test person, and also, the repellent activity is dependent on the strength of the plant extracts. Mean percent hatchability of the ovicidal activity was observed 48 h post-treatment. The percent hatchability was inversely proportional to the concentration of extract and directly proportional to the eggs. Mortality of 100 % with methanol extract of A. paniculata exerted at 150 ppm and aqueous, methanol extract of C. occidentalis and E. hirta were exerted at 300 ppm. These results suggest that the leaf extracts of A. paniculata, C. occidentalis, and E. hirta have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the A. stephensi. Further detailed research is needed to identify the active ingredient in the extracts and implement the effective mosquito management program.
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Wang J, Tong X, Li P, Cao H, Su W. Immuno-enhancement effects of Shenqi Fuzheng Injection on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Balb/c mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:788-795. [PMID: 22212503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix Codonopsis and Radix Astragali, of which Shenqi Fuzheng Injection (SFI) is composed, are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to improve immune function against chronic diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was thus designed to systematically elucidate the in vivo immuno-enhancement effects of SFI in immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy) treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Balb/c mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) once daily with low-dose (2.5 g raw materials/kg), intermediate-dose (5 g raw materials/kg), high-dose (10 g raw materials/kg) of SFI for 10 consecutive days, respectively, accompanied by i.p. injection of Cy (80 mg/kg) on Days 4-6. RESULTS Compared with vehicle group, low-, intermediate- and high-dose SFI treatment accelerated recovery dose-dependently of spleen index, peripheral white blood cell and bone marrow cell counts, enhanced T cell and B cell proliferation responses, as well as splenic nature killer cell activity and peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis, and restored the level of interleukin-2 in the serum. Furthermore, SFI treatment promoted recovery of the amount of peripheral white blood cells on Day 6, rather than recombinant human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (rhG-CSF) did. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate, for the first time, that chronic treatment with SFI results in accelerating recovery of immunosuppression in Cy-treated mice, which is competent in taking into consideration for both precautions and remedy. Our findings provide experimental evidences for further researches and clinical application in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Egyptian sweet marjoram leaves protect against genotoxicity, immunosuppression and other complications induced by cyclophosphamide in albino rats. Br J Nutr 2011; 108:1059-68. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511006210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is one of the most popular alkylating anticancer drugs that show a high therapeutic index, despite the widespread side effects and toxicity particularly in high-dose regimens and long-term use. Here, we evaluated and compared the efficacy of two different doses (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, given orally for 30 consecutive days) of Egyptian sweet marjoram leaf powder (MLP) and marjoram leaf aqueous extract (MLE) in alleviating the genotoxicity, immunosuppression and other complications induced by CP in non-tumour-bearing albino rats. The present study showed (probably for the first time) that both MLP and MLE significantly alleviated (P < 0·05–0·001) most side effects and toxicity of CP-treated rats including the increase in chromosomal aberrations of bone marrow cells and serum malondialdehyde level, the decrease in the level of serum Ig, the delayed type of hypersensitivity response as also the weights and cellularity of lymphoid organs, and myelosuppression, leucopenia, macrocytic normochromic anaemia as well as thrombocytopenia by reactivating the non-enzymic (reduced glutathione) and enzymic (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase) antioxidant system and increasing the mitotic index of bone marrow cells. The modulatory effects of marjoram leaves shown in the present study were dose dependent in most cases and much higher in MLE (21–23 % for all parameters taken together). In addition, the doses used in the present study were considered safe. In conclusion, sweet marjoram leaves (especially in the form of a herbal tea) may be useful as an immunostimulant and in reducing genotoxicity in patients under chemotherapeutic interventions.
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Chand N, Durrani FR, Ahmad S, Khan A. Immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective role of feed-added Berberis lycium in broiler chicks. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:1737-1745. [PMID: 21480270 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of plants and their isolates have been shown to potentiate immunity. Some plants exert anti-inflammatory and anti-stress effects, others hepatoprotective activity. In this study, 320 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four major groups A, B, C and D and fed rations supplemented with 0, 15, 20 and 22.5 g Berberis lycium kg⁻¹ ration respectively. Each group was further divided into two subgroups, one vaccinated against Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bursal disease (IBD), the other non-vaccinated. Antibody titre against IBD and ND, relative weight of lymphoid organs, post-challenge morbidity and mortality, serum hepatic enzymes and total serum protein were observed. RESULTS Group C had higher anti-IBD and anti-ND antibody titres. Relative bursa weight in groups C and D was higher until day 28, but birds in group C performed better at later stages of examination. Relative spleen weight was highest in group C. During initial stages there was no effect on relative thymus weight, but at later stages the effect was significant. Groups C and D performed similarly in terms of relative thymus weight. The birds were challenged to field IBD through intramuscular injection at a dose rate of 0.5 mL per bird. Post-challenge morbidity was lowest in groups C and D, while treatment significantly (P < 0.001) affected mortality amongst affected (morbid) birds. Levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were lowest in group C. Serum protein was similar in all groups and in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated broiler chicks. CONCLUSION Berberis lycium added to feed at 20 g kg⁻¹ is effective in improving immunity against ND and IBD as well as liver function in broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Chand
- Department of Poultry Science, Agricultural University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Bhagat M, Saxena AK. Evaluation of Cassia occidentalis for in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines and antibacterial activity. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 42:234-7. [PMID: 20927249 PMCID: PMC2941614 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.68428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties of Cassia occidentalis (whole plant) via alcoholic, hydro-alcoholic, and aqueous extracts against eight human cancer cell lines from six different tissues and four bacterial strains. Material and Methods: in vitro cytotoxicity against the human cancer cells, cultured for 48h in presence of different concentrations C. occidentalis extracts and percentage of cell viability, was evaluated using the sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. The antibacterial activity was performed using the standard protocol against bacterial strains. Results: It was observed that aqueous extract of C. occidentalis (whole plant) had more potential than hydro-alcoholic and alcoholic extracts against HCT-15, SW-620, PC-3, MCF-7, SiHa, and OVCAR-5 human cancer cell lines at 100, 30, and 10 μg/ml in a dose-dependent manner. The hydro-alcoholic extract showed potential against Bacillus subtillis. Conclusion: The plant can be explored for the possible development of lead molecules for drug discovery.
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Nudo LP, Catap ES. Immunostimulatory effects of Uncaria perrottetii (A. Rich.) Merr. (Rubiaceae) vinebark aqueous extract in Balb/C mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:613-620. [PMID: 21035534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY Crude extract of Uncaria perrottetii (A. Rich.) Merr. vinebark was evaluated for its immunomodulating activity in Balb/C mice. Initially, the immunomodulatory potential of the plant extract was evaluated using in vitro immune response assays at different concentrations of the plant extract (10 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL). Using the optimum concentration determined in the in vitro assays, the protective effect of the plant extract was assessed against drug-induced immunosuppression in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the in vivo experiment, thirty-six (36) mice were divided into 3 groups of 12 mice each: (1) cyclophosphamide drug-induced (30 mg/kg BW) immunosuppressed mice (Cy group) served as the positive control; (2) Uncaria perrottetii extract and Cy-treated mice (U+Cy); and (3) PBS-injected mice as the negative control group [(-) CTRL]. RESULTS The optimum concentration was determined to be 50 μg/mL in the in vitro assays. At this concentration, Uncaria perrottetii extract stimulated peritoneal phagocyte activation, produced a significant increase in the activity of phagocytic cells from the spleen and promoted splenic cellular proliferation with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) when compared with the PBS-treated cells (negative control). Moreover, cells treated with 50 μg/mL of Uncaria perrottetii increased macrophage respiratory burst activity that was comparable to that of the phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated splenic macrophages. In all immune assays undertaken in the in vivo experiment, the Cy-treated mice showed significantly lower response when compared with the PBS-treated mice. Significant improvement in peritoneal cell activation, phagocytic activity and cellular proliferation was exhibited by the U+Cy-treated mice when compared with Cy-injected mice. The extract from Uncaria perrottetii also significantly enhanced respiratory burst and plasma lysozyme activity compared with the Cy-injected mice. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of both in vitro and in vivo trials, Uncaria perrottetii extract has immunopotentiating activities on the innate immunity of Balb/C mice and the extract could potentially reverse the immunosuppressive effects of Cy. However, the potential of the plant as source of bioactive products and metabolites for drug development still has to be fully investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonora P Nudo
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
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Anti-metabolic syndrome and immunostimulant activities of Egyptian fenugreek seeds in diabetic/obese and immunosuppressive rat models. Br J Nutr 2010; 105:995-1004. [PMID: 21205429 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510004708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary trials have suggested possible hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic and immunomodulatory properties of the fenugreek plant. Here, we evaluated and compared the efficacy of Egyptian fenugreek seed powder (FSP, 0·5 and 1·0 g/kg body weight) in alleviating the experimentally induced metabolic syndrome (in type 1 diabetic and obese rat models) and experimentally induced immunosuppression and delay in burn-healing (in cyclophosphamide (CP)-treated rats). FSP significantly alleviated (P < 0·05-0·001) most signs of the metabolic syndrome resulting from experimentally induced type 1 diabetes and obesity by 40-76 and 56-78 %, respectively, including hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, elevation in atherogenic indices, impairment of liver functions, severe changes in body weight and oxidative stress. Besides, FSP (especially the high dose) completely modulated the immunosuppressive activity of CP including leucopenia (resulting from neutropenia and lymphopenia), decrease in weights and cellularity of lymphoid organs, serum γ-globulin level, delayed type of hypersensitivity response and delay in the skin-burning healing process. FSP decreased the immunosuppressive activity of CP by 57-108 %. These beneficial effects of FSP were dose dependent in most cases, and FSP doses used here were considered safe in general. FSP was more efficient in alleviating the signs of the metabolic syndrome in the obese animals (over 9 %) than in the type 1 diabetic animals. Moreover, the immunostimulant activity of fenugreek seeds exceeded their anti-metabolic syndrome activity by 15-24 %. In conclusion, fenugreek seeds may be useful not only as a dietary adjunct for the control of the metabolic syndrome in diabetic/obese patients, but also as an immunostimulant in immunocompromised patients such as those under chemotherapeutic interventions.
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Jin M, Wang Y, Xu C, Lu Z, Huang M, Wang Y. Preparation and biological activities of an exopolysaccharide produced by Enterobacter cloacae Z0206. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Ameliorative action of Vernonia cinerea L. on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and oxidative stress in mice. Inflammopharmacology 2010; 18:197-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-010-0042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mariano-So D, Paulino C, Maiorka P, Gorniak S. Administration Senna occidentalis Seeds to Adult and Juvenile Rats: Effects on Thymus, Spleen and in Hematological Parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jpt.2010.46.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Carrasco FR, Schmidt G, Romero AL, Sartoretto JL, Caparroz-Assef SM, Bersani-Amado CA, Cuman RKN. Immunomodulatory activity of Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Salvia officinalis L. and Syzygium aromaticum L. essential oils: evidence for humor- and cell-mediated responses. J Pharm Pharmacol 2009. [PMID: 19589240 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.07.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The immunomodulatory effect of ginger, Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae), sage, Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae) and clove, Syzygium aromaticum (Myrtaceae), essential oils were evaluated by studying humor- and cell-mediated immune responses. METHODS Essential oils were administered to mice (once a day, orally, for a week) previously immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs). KEY FINDINGS Clove essential oil increased the total white blood cell (WBC) count and enhanced the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response in mice. Moreover, it restored cellular and humoral immune responses in cyclophosphamide-immunosuppressed mice in a dose-dependent manner. Ginger essential oil recovered the humoral immune response in immunosuppressed mice. Contrary to the ginger essential oil response, sage essential oil did not show any immunomodulatory activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish that the immunostimulatory activity found in mice treated with clove essential oil is due to improvement in humor- and cell-mediated immune response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Ricardo Carrasco
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Sun HX, Peng XY. Protective effect of triterpenoid fractions from the rhizomes of Astilbe chinensis on cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in tumor-bearing mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 119:312-317. [PMID: 18692125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Revised: 07/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The objectives of this study were to investigate the protective effect of the triterpenoid fractions from the rhizomes of Astilbe chinensis (Saxifragaceae) (ATF) on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced toxicity in tumor-bearing mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mice inoculated with mouse sarcoma S180 cells were treated with saline or CTX alone, or co-treated with CTX and ATF. The blood, femur bone, and serum samples were collected for determination of the haematological and biochemical parameters and splenocytes were for assay of proliferation, the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, and production of interleukin-2 (IL-2). RESULTS ATF significantly increased the peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count and bone marrow cellularity (BMC) in CTX-treated S180-bearing mice. Increase of aspartate transanimase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine in the serum of CTX-treated mice was significantly reversed by ATF. The lowered levels of splenocytes proliferation, NK cells activity, and IL-2 production from splenocytes in S180-bearing mice after CTX treatment were also increased by ATF administration. CONCLUSIONS ATF provides significant protection against CTX-induced hematotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and immunotoxicity, and might be helpful in abrogation of CTX-induced toxicity during the chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xiang Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Kaixuan Road 268, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China.
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Bhatia K, Ahmad F, Rashid H, Raisuddin S. Protective effect of S-allylcysteine against cyclophosphamide-induced bladder hemorrhagic cystitis in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:3368-74. [PMID: 18786597 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 07/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
S-Allylcysteine (SAC), an organosulfur compound of aged garlic extract (AGE) regulates the thiol status of the cell and scavenges free radicals. Depletion of thiols along with free radical generation has been implicated in cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced urotoxicity. We studied modulatory effect of SAC on CP-induced urotoxicity in mice focusing on hemorrhagic cystitis (HC). SAC (150 and 300 mg kg(-1)) was administered in CP treated animals (200 mg kg(-1)) and bladder was observed for histological and biochemical changes. CP treatment caused a marked increase in the lumen exudates, edema, vasodilation and HC in lamina propia in the bladder. These changes were accompanied by increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO), and decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of antioxidant enzymes. SAC not only showed protection in tissue histology but also improved the decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes. SAC treatment also reduced LPO and increased GSH levels. Although SAC treatment did not ensure full recovery, the marked improvement in histology and antioxidants of bladder suggests that it has a significant modulatory effect on CP-induced urotoxicity. Since decrease in antioxidant level is the major cause of CP urotoxicity, the protective effect of SAC deserves its further exploration involving laboratory and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Bhatia
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110 062, India
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Chomnawang MT, Surassmo S, Nukoolkarn VS, Gritsanapan W. Effect of Garcinia mangostana on inflammation caused by Propionibacterium acnes. Fitoterapia 2007; 78:401-8. [PMID: 17644272 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the activity of Thai medicinal plants on inflammation caused by Propionibacterium acnes in terms of free radical scavenging and cytokine reducing properties. P. acnes have been recognized as pus-forming bacteria triggering an inflammation in acne. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH scavenging and NBT reduction assay. The result showed that Garcinia mangostana possessed the most significant antioxidant activity and reduced reactive oxygen species production. Houttuynia cordata, Eupatorium odoratum, and Senna alata had a moderate antioxidant effect. In addition, Garcinia mangostana extracts could reduce the TNF-alpha production as determined by ELISA. Garcinia mangostana was highly effective in scavenging free radicals and was able to suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study has identified the promising source of anti-inflammatory agent which could be useful in treatment of acne vulgaris.
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Mendes FR, Carlini EA. Brazilian plants as possible adaptogens: an ethnopharmacological survey of books edited in Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 109:493-500. [PMID: 17030478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2005] [Revised: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In a survey, from Brazilian books, we searched plants that are in popular use for purposes resembling those of an adaptogen. This study focused on 24 books by authors from diverse regions in the country, resulting in a total of 1317 citations of uses related to a possible adaptogen effect from approximately 766 plants. Only species native to Brazil, cited in at least four books, were selected, resulting a total of 33 species, belonging to 24 families. Of these, four species have been studied previously in relation to effects that are considered as part of an adaptogen effect (anti-stress, memory enhancement, increased physical and/or sexual performance): Heteropterys aphrodisiaca (Malpighiaceae), Paullinia cupana (Sapindaceae), Ptychopetalum olacoides (Olacaceae), and Turnera diffusa (Turneraceae). Three others--Pfaffia glomerata, Pfaffia paniculata (Amaranthaceae), and Trichilia catigua (Meliaceae)--have also been the object of pharmacological studies that support their use as a possible adaptogen, but they are listed in less than four books. The overall results obtained in the present review of Brazilian folk literature reveals that Brazil is rich in plants with potential adaptogen-like effect, but lacks pharmacological studies (mostly clinical ones) to confirm these therapeutic properties.
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Bafna AR, Mishra SH. Protective effect of bioactive fraction of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. against cyclophosphamide induced suppression of humoral immunity in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 104:426-9. [PMID: 16289412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2004] [Revised: 08/27/2005] [Accepted: 09/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The bioactive fraction of Sphaeranthus indicus produced dose dependent increase in humoral immunity and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response as evidenced by increased antibody production and increase in paw edema. The activity at higher doses, however, declines. Humoral antibody (HA) titre lowered by cyclophosphamide (CP) (p < 0.05) was enhanced by bioactive fraction at doses of 200 (p < 0.05) and 400 mg/kg (p < 0.001). There was dose dependent increase in HA titre in normal as well as immunosuppressed animals indicating that drug is effective in humoral immunity. Animals treated with cyclophosphamide and receiving bioactive fraction showed significant change in DTH response, which directly correlates with cell-mediated immunity, as compared to cyclophosphamide alone. Thus, it can be observed that a bioactive fraction of Sphaeranthus indicus acts as potentiator of DTH. Furthermore, the HPTLC fingerprint profile of the bioactive fraction was established to facilitate its identification and characterization. The results suggest that bioactive fraction influences both humoral and cell-mediated immunity and offers protection against immunosuppression induced by the cytotoxic agent cyclophosphamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Bafna
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M.S. University of Baroda, Kalabhavan, Baroda 390 001, Gujarat, India
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46
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In vivo immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides derived from Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Eur Food Res Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-006-0315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhou WL, Wu JM, Wu QL, Wang JX, Zhou Y, Zhou R, He PL, Li XY, Yang YF, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zuo JP. A novel artemisinin derivative, 3-(12-beta-artemisininoxy) phenoxyl succinic acid (SM735), mediates immunosuppressive effects in vitro and in vivo. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2005; 26:1352-8. [PMID: 16225758 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2005.00232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the immunosuppressive activity of SM735 {[3-(12-beta-artemisininoxy)] phenoxyl succinic acid}, a synthetic artemisinin derivative with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug structure, with the aim of finding potential immunosuppressive agents. METHODS Concanavalin A (ConA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), were used to induce the proliferation of splenocytes, and [3H]-thymidine incorporation was used to evaluate the proliferation of splenocytes. Cytokine production was promoted with ConA, LPS, or PMA plus ionomycin, and was detected with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were used to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity and quantitative hemolysis of SRBC (QHS) mouse models, as criteria for the evaluation of in vivo immune activity. RESULTS SM735 strongly inhibited the proliferation of splenocytes induced by ConA, LPS, or MLR, with IC(50) values of 0.33 micromol/L, 0.27 micromol/L, and 0.51 micromol/L, respectively. When compared with a CC(50) value of 53.1 micromol/L, SM735 had a favorable safety range. SM735 dose-dependently inhibited proinflammatory cytokine production [including interleukins (IL)-12, interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-6] induced by LPS or PMA plus ionomycin. Upon ConA stimulation, SM735 suppressed IFN-gamma in a dose-dependent manner, but did not affect IL-2 secretion. SM735 also strongly suppressed both T-cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and B-cell-mediated QHS reactions. CONCLUSION SM735 had strong immunosuppressive activity in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a potential role for SM735 as an immunosuppressive agent, and established the groundwork for further research on SM735.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-liang Zhou
- Laboratories of Immunopharmacology and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, China
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Bin-Hafeez B, Haque R, Parvez S, Pandey S, Sayeed I, Raisuddin S. Immunomodulatory effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) extract in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2003; 3:257-65. [PMID: 12586606 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(02)00292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory activity of aqueous extract of Trigonella foenum graecum L., a widely used medicinal and dietary herb, was evaluated in male Swiss albino mice. Mice were treated with three doses of extract (50, 100 and 250 mg/kg body weight per os) for 10 days. Body weight, relative organ weight, cellularity of lymphoid organs, delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH) response, plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay, haemagglutination titre (HT), quantitative haemolysis of SRBC (QHS) assay, phagocytosis, and lymphoproliferation were studied in various groups of animals. At doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in relative organ weight of thymus was observed but there was no effect on kidney and spleen weights. Liver weight also increased significantly at doses of 100 and 250 mg/kg. However, no elevation in the levels of liver function test (LFT) enzymes was observed. As regards lymphoid organ cellularity, spleen recorded no significant increase at any dose, whereas cellularities of thymus and bone marrow were significantly increased. T. foenum graecum extract elicited a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the DTH response at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, but the change at higher dose of 250 mg/kg was not statistically significant. Humoral immunity as measured by PFC showed an elevated response at a dose of 100 mg/kg, but at 50 and 250 mg/kg, no significant effect was observed. In the HT test, plant extract also showed modulatory effect at all the doses. Plant extract elicited a significant increase in phagocytic index and phagocytic capacity of macrophages. Stimulatory response of plant extract was also observed in lymphoproliferation assay but the response was weak. Overall, T. foenum graecum showed a stimulatory effect on immune functions in mice. As it is used for a variety of medicinal purposes, its immunostimulatory effect, as reported in this study, strengthens the rationale of its use in several Ayurvedic and Unani drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Bin-Hafeez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110 062, India
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Haque R, Bin-Hafeez B, Ahmad I, Parvez S, Pandey S, Raisuddin S. Protective effects of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2001; 20:643-50. [PMID: 11936579 DOI: 10.1191/096032701718890568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is one of the most popular alkylating anticancer drugs in spite of its toxic side effects including immunotoxicity, hematotoxicity, mutagenicity and a host of others. The present study was undertaken to assess the protective effects of total aqueous extract of a medicinal plant, Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) in mice treated with CP. These protective effects were studied on immunological parameters and kidney and liver antioxidants. Plant extract treatment at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight per os (p.o.) for 10 days resulted in the modulation of these parameters in normal as well as CP (50 mg/kg)-treated animals. Plant extract in particular was very effective in reducing CP-induced suppression of humoral immunity. Plant extract treatment in normal animals modulated certain antioxidants of kidney and liver. In CP-exposed animals, plant pretreatment provided protection to antioxidants of kidney. Not only were the reduced glutathione levels significantly (p<0.001) increased but plant extract treatment resulted in restoration of antioxidant enzymes in CP-treated animals. It is suggested that E. officinalis or its medicinal preparations may prove to be useful as a component of combination therapy in cancer patients under CP treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Haque
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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