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Kiran KS, Kameshwar VH, Mudnakudu Nagaraju KK, Nagalambika P, Varadaraju KR, Karthik NA, Dugganaboyana GK, Nanjunda Swamy S, Krishna KL, Kumar JR. Diosmin: A Daboia russelii venom PLA 2s inhibitor- purified, and characterized from Oxalis corniculata L medicinal plant. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116977. [PMID: 37544341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Oxalis corniculata L is a medicinal plant that belongs to the Oxalidaceae family. It is a little, slow-growing plant with a frail appearance typically found in mild temperate and tropical areas like Pakistan and India. This plant also includes many other bioactive substances, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, phlobatannins, and steroids. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Compound diosmin, which is derived from Oxalis corniculata L, on VRV-PL-5 and VRV-PL-8a isolated from Vipera russelli. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extraction, purification, and characterization of bioactive by TLC, HPTLC, FT-IR analysis, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, LC-MS/MS Analysis, NMR, XRD Analysis, In vitro evaluation, Circular dichroism spectroscopy, in vivo, and in silico studies. RESULTS In this study, the extract of Oxalis corniculata was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect against PLA2. The methanolic extract decreased hemolytic activity by about 60% at 1:75 w/w and neutralized the hemolytic activity completely at 1:100 w/w concentration. Diosmin inhibited VRV-PL-5 and VRV-PL-8a in a dose-dependent manner, with the extent of inhibition being about 56% for VRV-PL-5120 μM and VRV-PL-8a by 62% at the same concentration with IC50 concentrations of 87.08 μM for VRV-PL-5 and 82.08 μM for VRV-PL-8a, while at 75 μM. Diosmin inhibited the hemolytic activity of VRV-PL-5 by about 85%, and at the same concentration, VRV-PL-8a inhibited by about 75%. UV-CD spectra at the IC50 concentration of diosmin disrupted the secondary structure of VRV-PL-5 &VRV-PL-8a. In vivo, studies showed decreased myotoxicity and cardiotoxicity of the VRV-PL-5 &VRV-PL-8a, which was seen in the decrease in cytoplasmic markers LDH and CPK levels in the serum when incubated with diosmin. Furthermore, Histopathological studies of Muscles and lungs revealed that diosmin considerably protects against cellular abnormality caused by VRV-PL-5 & VRV-PL-8a. Molecular docking, MM/GBSA, and molecular dynamics simulation studies show that the diosmin is a potent inhibitor for VRV-PL-5 and VRV-PL-8a. CONCLUSION This study shows that diosmin is a potentially effective VRV-PL-5 and VRV-PL-8a.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kiran
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - Vivek Hamse Kameshwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara- 571448, Nagamangala (T), Mandya (D), Karnataka, India; Department of Biotechnology, Adichunchanagiri School of Natural Sciences, ACU-CRI, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara- 571448, Nagamangala (T), Mandya (D), Karnataka, India
| | | | - Prasad Nagalambika
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - Kavitha Raj Varadaraju
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - N Awathade Karthik
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - Guru Kumar Dugganaboyana
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - S Nanjunda Swamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technological University, Mysore, India
| | - K L Krishna
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - J R Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India.
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Design and Optimization of Nanophytosomes Containing Mucuna prureins Hydroalcoholic Extract for Enhancement of Antidepressant Activity. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Saranya G, Sruthi D, Jayakumar KS, Jiby MV, Nair RA, Pillai PP, Jayabaskaran C. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) arm of catecholamine pathway catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA in Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC var. pruriens: An integrated pathway analysis using field grown and in vitro callus cultures. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:1032-1043. [PMID: 34274890 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC var. pruriens is the natural source for L-DOPA, precursor of the neurotransmitter dopamine, used widely in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, L-DOPA synthesis in plants is mediated either by Catecholamine (CA) pathway or alternate pathway catalyzed by Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) class of enzymes. Interestingly, the CA pathway itself can be initiated either by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or polyphenol oxidase (PPO). The CA pathway mediated synthesis of L-DOPA has not yet been proved in M. pruriens albeit strong indications. Therefore, the present investigation is focused on metabolite analysis of major intermediates of CA pathway up to the formation of dopamine and expression analysis of the selected genes, in different tissues and callus cultures. The four major intermediates, L-tyrosine, tyramine, L-DOPA and dopamine, were detected using NMR spectroscopy and quantified by HPLC in the callus cultures and in different tissues of the field plant, respectively. The various stages of leaf tissue were also analyzed for metabolite profiling. The relative amount of intermediates detected during the ontogeny of leaf indicates that PPO mediated conversion of L-tyrosine to dopamine through L-DOPA is relatively higher compared to dopamine production from tyramine. Among the two possible enzymes, activity of PPO was 6.5-fold more than TH in metabolically active young leaves compared to intermediate leaves. The gene expression profiles comprising upstream genes of L-tyrosine synthesis and downstream up to dopamine synthesis shows strong correlation with L-DOPA synthesis. The study validates CA pathway mediated synthesis of L-DOPA with PPO as candidate enzyme, in M. pruriens.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Saranya
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India; Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - D Sruthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - K S Jayakumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden & Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - M V Jiby
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - R Aswati Nair
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
| | - Padmesh P Pillai
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India.
| | - C Jayabaskaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Saranya G, Jiby MV, Jayakumar KS, Padmesh Pillai P, Jayabaskaran C. L-DOPA synthesis in Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. is regulated by polyphenol oxidase and not CYP 450/tyrosine hydroxylase: An analysis of metabolic pathway using biochemical and molecular markers. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 178:112467. [PMID: 32771675 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mucuna pruriens L., commonly known as velvetbean or cow-itch, is a self-pollinated tropical legume of the family Fabaceae, known for its medicinal properties. The active principle L-DOPA extracted from the plant is a potent drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Although, it is hypothesized that a single step reaction can produce L-DOPA, the presence of optional routes makes the pathway more intricate. For instance, the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway, which leads to L-DOPA production, could occur by hydroxylation of tyrosine to L-DOPA either by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Furthermore, Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes can also cause hydroxylation of tyrosine, resulting in L-DOPA synthesis. Therefore, the present investigation was focused on validating the step, which catalyzes the synthesis of L-DOPA, at the biochemical and molecular levels. Enzyme inhibitor studies showed significant inhibition of PPO enzyme with corresponding decrease in L-DOPA synthesis while TH and CYP inhibition had no effect on L-DOPA synthesis. Activity staining of non-denaturing PAGE gel for PPO and TH showed activity only to PPO enzyme. Following in-gel assay and tryptic digestion of the excised stained gel portion, peptide recovery and LC-MS/MS analysis were performed. Degenerate primers based on peptide sequence resulted in an 800bp amplicon. The subsequent sub-cloning, RACE analysis and BLAST search resulted in the isolation of full-length PPO coding sequence of 1800 bp. Structure prediction and phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequence revealed strong similarity to other plant PPO's like Glycine max, Vigna radiata and Vicia faba of the same family.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Saranya
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India; Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - M V Jiby
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - K S Jayakumar
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - P Padmesh Pillai
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India.
| | - C Jayabaskaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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Yirgu A, Chippaux JP. Ethnomedicinal plants used for snakebite treatments in Ethiopia: a comprehensive overview. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2019; 25:e20190017. [PMID: 31428140 PMCID: PMC6682375 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine plays an important role in the daily lives of people living in rural parts of Ethiopia. Despite the fact that Ethiopia has a long history of using traditional medicinal plants as an alternative medicine source, there is no checklist compiling these plants used for snakebite treatment. This review collected and compiled available knowledge on and practical usage of such plants in the country. A literature review on medicinal plants used to treat snakebites was conducted from 67 journal articles, PhD dissertation and MSc theses available online. Data that summarize scientific and folk names, administration methods, plant portion used for treatment and method of preparation of recipes were organized and analyzed based on citation frequency. The summarized results revealed the presence of 184 plant species distributed among 67 families that were cited for treating snakebite in Ethiopia. In this literature search, no single study was entirely dedicated to the study of traditional medicinal plants used for the treatment of snakebite in Ethiopia. Most of the species listed as a snakebite remedy were shrubs and climbers (44%) followed by herbs (33%) and trees (23%). Fabaceae was the most predominant family with the greatest number of species, followed by Solanaceae and Vitaceae. Remedies are mainly prepared from roots and leaves, through decoctions, infusions, powders and juices. Most remedies were administered orally (69%). The six most frequently mentioned therapeutically important plants were Nicotiana tabacum, Solanum incanum, Carissa spinanrum, Calpurnia aurea, Croton macrostachyus and Cynodon dactylon. Authors reviewed the vegetal substances involved in snakebite management and their action mode. In addition to screening the biologically active ingredients and pharmacological activities of these plant materials, future studies are needed to emphasize the conservation and cultivation of important medicinal plants of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Yirgu
- Central Ethiopia Environment and Forest Research Center, Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jean-Philippe Chippaux
- MERIT, IRD, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris,
France
- Centre de Recherche Translationnelle, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France
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Kumar A, Gupta C, Nair DT, Salunke DM. MP-4 Contributes to Snake Venom Neutralization by Mucuna pruriens Seeds through an Indirect Antibody-mediated Mechanism. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11373-84. [PMID: 26987900 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.699173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality due to snakebite is a serious public health problem, and available therapeutics are known to induce debilitating side effects. Traditional medicine suggests that seeds of Mucuna pruriens can provide protection against the effects of snakebite. Our aim is to identify the protein(s) that may be important for snake venom neutralization and elucidate its mechanism of action. To this end, we have identified and purified a protein from M. pruriens, which we have named MP-4. The full-length polypeptide sequence of MP-4 was obtained through N-terminal sequencing of peptide fragments. Sequence analysis suggested that the protein may belong to the Kunitz-type protease inhibitor family and therefore may potentially neutralize the proteases present in snake venom. Using various structural and biochemical tools coupled with in vivo assays, we are able to show that MP-4 does not afford direct protection against snake venom because it is actually a poor inhibitor of serine proteases. Further experiments showed that antibodies generated against MP-4 cross-react with the whole venom and provide protection to mice against Echis carinatus snake venom. This study shows that the MP-4 contributes significantly to the snake venom neutralization activity of M. pruriens seeds through an indirect antibody-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- From the Structural Biology Unit, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110 067, India, the Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121 001, India, and
| | - Chitra Gupta
- From the Structural Biology Unit, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Deepak T Nair
- the Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121 001, India, and
| | - Dinakar M Salunke
- From the Structural Biology Unit, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110 067, India, the Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121 001, India, and the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
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Lampariello LR, Cortelazzo A, Guerranti R, Sticozzi C, Valacchi G. The Magic Velvet Bean of Mucuna pruriens. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 2:331-9. [PMID: 24716148 PMCID: PMC3942911 DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) is an established herbal drug used for the management of male infertility, nervous disorders, and also as an aphrodisiac. It has been shown that its seeds are potentially of substantial medicinal importance. The ancient Indian medical system, Ayurveda, traditionally used M. pruriens, even to treat such things as Parkinson's disease. M. pruriens has been shown to have anti-parkinson and neuroprotective effects, which may be related to its anti-oxidant activity. In addition, anti-oxidant activity of M. pruriens has been also demonstrated in vitro by its ability to scavenge DPPH radicals and reactive oxygen species. In this review the medicinal properties of M. pruriens are summarized, taking in consideration the studies that have used the seeds extracts and the leaves extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessio Cortelazzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Guerranti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Sticozzi
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy ; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Shenoy PA, Nipate SS, Sonpetkar JM, Salvi NC, Waghmare AB, Chaudhari PD. Production of high titre antibody response against Russell's viper venom in mice immunized with ethanolic extract of fruits of Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) and piperine. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:159-63. [PMID: 24060214 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Piper longum L. fruits have been traditionally used against snakebites in north-eastern and southern region of India. The aim of the study was to assess the production of antibody response against Russell's viper venom in mice after prophylactic immunization with ethanolic extract of fruits of Piper longum L. and piperine. The mice sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against Russell's viper venom by in vitro lethality neutralization assay and in vivo lethality neutralization assay. Polyvalent anti-snake venom serum (antivenom) manufactured by Haffkine Bio-Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd. was used as standard. Further confirmation of presence of antibodies against the venom in sera of mice immunized with PLE and piperine was done using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and double immunodiffusion test. Treatment with PLE-treated mice serum and piperine-treated mice serum was found to inhibit the lethal action of venom both in the in vitro lethality neutralization assay and in vivo lethality neutralization assay. ELISA testing indicated that there were significantly high (p<0.01) levels of cross reactions between the PLE and piperine treated mice serum and the venom antigens. In double immunodiffusion test, a white band was observed between the two wells of antigen and antibodies for both the PLE-treated and piperine-treated mice serum. Thus it can be concluded that immunization with ethanolic extract of fruits of Piper longum and piperine produced a high titre antibody response against Russell's viper venom in mice. The antibodies against PLE and piperine could be useful in antivenom therapy of Russell's viper bites. PLE and piperine may also have a potential interest in view of the development of antivenom formulations used as antidote against snake bites.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Progressive Education Society's Modern College of Pharmacy, Sector No. 21, Yamunanagar, Nigdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India.
| | - S S Nipate
- Department of Pharmacology, Progressive Education Society's Modern College of Pharmacy, Sector No. 21, Yamunanagar, Nigdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India.
| | - J M Sonpetkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Progressive Education Society's Modern College of Pharmacy, Sector No. 21, Yamunanagar, Nigdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India
| | - N C Salvi
- Haffkine Bio-Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Pimpri, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - A B Waghmare
- Haffkine Bio-Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Pimpri, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - P D Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmacology, Progressive Education Society's Modern College of Pharmacy, Sector No. 21, Yamunanagar, Nigdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India
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Acute toxicity and gastroprotective role of M. pruriens in ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries in rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:974185. [PMID: 23781513 PMCID: PMC3678452 DOI: 10.1155/2013/974185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The investigation was to evaluate gastroprotective effects of ethanolic extract of M. pruriens leaves on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries in rats. Forty-eight rats were divided into 8 groups: negative control, extract control, ulcer control, reference control, and four experimental groups. As a pretreatment, the negative control and the ulcer control groups were orally administered carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The reference control was administered omeprazole orally (20 mg/kg). The ethanolic extract of M. pruriens leaves was given orally to the extract control group (500 mg/kg) and the experimental groups (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg). After 1 h, CMC was given orally to the negative and the extract control groups. The other groups received absolute ethanol. The rats were sacrificed after 1 h. The ulcer control group exhibited significant mucosal injuries with decreased gastric wall mucus and severe damage to the gastric mucosa. The extract caused upregulation of Hsp70 protein, downregulation of Bax protein, and intense periodic acid schiff uptake of glandular portion of stomach. Gastric mucosal homogenate showed significant antioxidant properties with increase in synthesis of PGE2, while MDA was significantly decreased. The ethanolic extract of M. pruriens leaves was nontoxic (<5 g/kg) and could enhance defensive mechanisms against hemorrhagic mucosal lesions.
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Abstract
Snake envenomation is a global public health problem, with highest incidence in Southeast Asia. Inadequate health services, difficult transportation and consequent delay in antisnake venom administration are the main reasons for high mortality. Adverse drug reactions and inadequate storage conditions limit the use of antisnake venom. The medicinal plants, available locally and used widely by traditional healers, therefore need attention. A wide array of plants and their active principles have been evaluated for pharmacological properties. However, numerous unexplored plants claimed to be antidotes in folklore medicine need to be studied. The present article reviews the current status of various medicinal plants for the management of snake bite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi - 110029, India
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Bala V, Debnath A, Shill A, Bose U. Anti-Inflammatory, Diuretic and Antibacterial Activities of Aerial Parts of Mucuna pruriens Linn. INT J PHARMACOL 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2011.498.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tan NH, Fung SY, Sim SM, Marinello E, Guerranti R, Aguiyi JC. The protective effect of Mucuna pruriens seeds against snake venom poisoning. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 123:356-358. [PMID: 19429384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The seed, leaf and root of Mucuna pruriens have been used in traditional medicine for treatments of various diseases. In Nigeria, the seed is used as oral prophylactics for snakebite. AIM OF THE STUDY To study the protective effects of Mucuna pruriens seed extract against the lethalities of various snake venoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were pre-treated with Mucuna pruriens seed extract and challenged with various snake venoms. The effectiveness of anti-Mucuna pruriens (anti-MPE) antibody to neutralize the lethalities of snake venoms was investigated by in vitro neutralization. RESULTS In rats, MPE pre-treatment conferred effective protection against lethality of Naja sputatrix venom and moderate protection against Calloselasma rhodostoma venom. Indirect ELISA and immunoblotting studies showed that there were extensive cross-reactions between anti-MPE IgG and venoms from many different genera of poisonous snakes, suggesting the involvement of immunological neutralization in the protective effect of MPE pre-treatment against snake venom poisoning. In vitro neutralization experiments showed that the anti-MPE antibodies effectively neutralized the lethalities of Asiatic cobra (Naja) venoms, but were not very effective against other venoms tested. CONCLUSIONS The anti-MPE antibodies could be used in the antiserum therapy of Asiatic cobra (Naja) bites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nget Hong Tan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Sánchez EE, Rodríguez-Acosta A. Inhibitors of Snake Venoms and Development of New Therapeutics. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2008; 30:647-78. [DOI: 10.1080/08923970802279019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elda E. Sánchez
- 1Natural Toxins Research Center (NTRC), College of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas, USA
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Guerranti R, Ogueli IG, Bertocci E, Muzzi C, Aguiyi JC, Cianti R, Armini A, Bini L, Leoncini R, Marinello E, Pagani R. Proteomic analysis of the pathophysiological process involved in the antisnake venom effect of Mucuna pruriens extract. Proteomics 2008; 8:402-12. [PMID: 18203263 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported the antisnake venom properties of a Mucuna pruriens seed extract (MPE) and tested its in vivo efficacy against Echis carinatus venom (EV) in short- (1 injection) and long-term (three weekly injections) treatments. The aim of the present study was to investigate plasma proteome changes associated with MPE treatments and identify proteins responsible for survival of envenomated mice (CHALLENGED mice). Six treatment groups were studied. Three control groups: one saline, one short-term and one long-term MPE treatment. One group received EV alone. Two test groups received EV with either a short-term or long-term MPE treatment (CHALLENGED mice). The plasma from each group was analysed by 2-DE/MALDI-TOF MS. The most significant changes with treatment were: albumin, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, serum amyloid A and serum amyloid P. Most of these changes were explained by EV effects on coagulation, inflammation and haemolysis. However, MPE treatments prevented the EV-induced elevation in HPT. Consequently, HPT levels were similar to controls in the plasma of CHALLENGED mice. The plasma of CHALLENGED mice showed substantial proteomic modifications. This suggests the mechanism of MPE protection involves the activation of counterbalancing processes to compensate for the imbalances caused by EV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Guerranti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, Siena, Italy.
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Di Patrizi L, Rosati F, Guerranti R, Pagani R, Gerwig GJ, Kamerling JP. Structural characterization of the N-glycans of gpMuc from Mucuna pruriens seeds. Glycoconj J 2006; 23:599-609. [PMID: 17006651 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-006-8715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Revised: 04/06/2006] [Accepted: 04/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mucuna pruriens seeds are used in some countries as a human prophylactic oral anti-snake remedy. Aqueous extracts of M. pruriens seeds possess in vivo activity against cobra and viper venoms, and protect mice against Echis carinatus venom. It was recently demonstrated that the seed immunogen generating the antibody that cross-reacts with the venom proteins is a multiform glycoprotein (gpMuc), and the immunogenic properties of gpMuc seemed to mainly reside in its glycan chains. In the present study, gpMuc was found to contain only N-glycans. Part of the N-glycans could be released with peptide-(N (4)-(N-acetyl-beta -glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase F (PNGase F-sensitive N-glycans); the PNGase F-resistant N-glycans were PNGase A-sensitive. The oligosaccharides released were analyzed by a combination of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, HPLC profiling of 2-aminobenzamide-labelled derivatives and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The PNGase F-sensitive N-glycans comprised a mixture of oligomannose-type structures ranging from Man(5)GlcNAc(2) to Man(9)GlcNAc(2), and two xylosylated structures, Xyl(1)Man(3)GlcNAc(2) and Xyl(1)Man(4)GlcNAc(2). The PNGase A-sensitive N-glycans, containing (alpha 1-3)-linked fucose, were identified as Fuc(1)Xyl(1)Man(2)GlcNAc(2) and Fuc(1)Xyl(1)Man(3)GlcNAc(2). In view of the determined N-glycan ensemble, the immunoreactivity of gpMuc was ascribed to the presence of core (beta 1-2)-linked xylose- and core alpha (1-3)-linked fucose-modified N-glycan chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Di Patrizi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, via A. Moro 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Owuor BO, Kisangau DP. Kenyan medicinal plants used as antivenin: a comparison of plant usage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2006; 2:7. [PMID: 16451723 PMCID: PMC1409767 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Accepted: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The success of snake bite healers is vaguely understood in Kenya, partly due to their unknown materia medica and occult-mystical nature of their practice. A comparison is made of plants used in snake bite treatments by two culturally distinct African groups (the Kamba and Luo). Thirty two plants used for snakebite treatment are documented. The majority of the antidotes are prepared from freshly collected plant material - frequently leaves. Though knowledge of snake bite conditions etiological perceptions of the ethnic groups is similar, field ethnobotanical data suggests that plant species used by the two ethnic groups are independently derived. Antivenin medicinal plants effectively illustrate the cultural context of medicine. Randomness or the use of a variety of species in different families appears to be a feature of traditional snake bite treatments. A high degree of informant consensus for the species was observed. The study indicates rural Kenya inhabitants rely on medicinal plants for healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethwell O Owuor
- The Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Department of Natural Sciences, P.O. Box 62157, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel P Kisangau
- University of Dar es Salaam, Department of Botany, P.O. Box 35060, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Pithayanukul P, Ruenraroengsak P, Bavovada R, Pakmanee N, Suttisri R, Saen-oon S. Inhibition of Naja kaouthia venom activities by plant polyphenols. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 97:527-533. [PMID: 15740891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Revised: 11/26/2004] [Accepted: 12/17/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant polyphenols from the aqueous extracts of Pentace burmanica, Pithecellobium dulce, Areca catechu and Quercus infectoria were tested for their inhibitory activities against Naja kaouthia (NK) venom by in vitro neutralization method. The first three extracts could completely inhibit the lethality of the venom at 4 LD50 concentration and the venom necrotizing activity at the minimum necrotizing dose while also inhibited up to 90% of the acetylcholinesterase activity of NK venom at much lower tannin concentrations than that of Quercus infectoria. The ED50 of plant tannins in inhibiting NK venom activities varied according to condensed tannins and their content in the extracts. Molecular docking of the complexes between alpha-cobratoxin and either hydrolysable or condensed tannins at their lowest energetic conformations were proposed. The anti-venom activities of these plant polyphenols by selectively blocking the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and non-selectively by precipitation of the venom proteins were suggested.
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Guerranti R, Aguiyi JC, Ogueli IG, Onorati G, Neri S, Rosati F, Del Buono F, Lampariello R, Pagani R, Marinello E. Protection of Mucuna pruriens seeds against Echis carinatus venom is exerted through a multiform glycoprotein whose oligosaccharide chains are functional in this role. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 323:484-90. [PMID: 15369777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In a previous paper we demonstrated that extracts of Mucuna pruriens seeds (MPE) protect mice against Echis carinatus venom (EV) by an immunological mechanism. In this paper we demonstrate that the MPE immunogen generating the antibody that cross-reacts with the venom proteins is a multiform glycoprotein (gpMuc) whose immunogenic properties mainly reside in its glycan-chains. The glycoprotein was purified from the protein extract of M. pruriens seeds using Concanavalin A affinity chromatography. Using 2-D gel electrophoresis it separated into seven isoforms having MWs in the range from 20.3 to 28.7 kDa and pIs from 4.8 to 6.5. N-terminal sequencing of these spots revealed close similarity since all of them contained the consensus sequence DDREPV-DT found in soybean Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor. We suggest that gpMuc contains both N- and O-glycans. Mild alkaline treatment but not PNGase F led to loss of reactivity, indicating that O-glycans are probably involved in the antigenicity of gpMuc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Guerranti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Scienze Endocrino-metaboliche e Biochimica, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Fatehi-Hassanabad Z, Fatehi M, Talaei-Khoei M. Effects of Echis carinatus Venom on the Haemodynamy and Contractility of Vascular and Visceral Smooth Muscle of Rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2004; 15:53-7. [PMID: 20021079 DOI: 10.1080/15376520490446374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Echis carinatus is considered to be one of the most dangerous snakes in the world because of its venom toxicity and high population densities in rural agriculture areas. However, little information is available on the pharmacological effects of venom from this snake on haemodynamy and vasculature smooth muscle contractility. The haemodynamic alterations induced by the intravenous administration of Echis carinatus venom was investigated in anaesthetized rats. Injection of several doses of venom (1, 3, 5, and 7 mu g kg (- 1)) decreased the arterial blood pressure. For instance, injection of 3 mu g kg(-1) of Echis carinatus venom reduced the mean arterial blood pressure from 107 +/- 4 to 71 +/- 4 mmHg (p < 0.05). Exposure of the rat isolated vas deferens preparations to Echis carinatus venom (1 mu g ml(-1)) significantly reduced the contractile responses to epinephrine (10 mu g ml(- 1)) without changing the response to KCl (50 mM). To investigate the effects of venom on peripheral vascular resistance, mesenteric bed was removed and perfused with Krebs solution. Addition of different concentrations of venom (1, 3, and 10 mu g ml(-1)) to the precontracted mesenteric bed (with phenylephrine, 5 x 10(- 4) M) decreased the contraction in a concentration-dependent manner. However, preincubation of mesenteric bed with atropine (0.1 mu M), L-NAME (10 (-5) M) or indomethacin (10(-5) M) prevented this effect of the venom. These results may suggest that the inhibitory effect of the venom on nonvascular smooth muscle (such as vas deferens) contractions is a postsynaptic phenomenon. Furthermore, it could be suggested that the cardiovascular effects of Echis carinatus venom are mediated through multiple mechanisms such as activation of muscarinic receptors as well as production of nitric oxide and prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Fatehi-Hassanabad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, MashhadIran
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Guerranti R, Aguiyi JC, Neri S, Leoncini R, Pagani R, Marinello E. Proteins from Mucuna pruriens and enzymes from Echis carinatus venom: characterization and cross-reactions. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:17072-8. [PMID: 11867642 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m201387200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucuna pruriens seeds have been widely used against snakebite in traditional medicine. The antivenin property of a water extract of seeds was assessed in vivo in mice. The serum of mice treated with extract was tested for its immunological properties. Two proteins of Echis carinatus venom with apparent molecular masses of 25 and 16 kDa were detected by Western blot analysis carried out using IgG of mice immunized with extract or its partially purified protein fractions. By enzymatic in-gel digestion and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis of immunoreactive venom proteins, phospholipase A(2,) the most toxic enzyme of snake venom, was identified. These results demonstrate that the observed antivenin activity has an immune mechanism. Antibodies of mice treated with non-lethal doses of venom reacted against some proteins of M. pruriens extract. Proteins of E. carinatus venom and M. pruriens extract have at least one epitope in common as confirmed by immunodiffusion assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Guerranti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Enzymology, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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