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Liu W, Wang M, Zhong M, Luo C, Shi S, Qian Y, Kang Y, Jiang B. Genome-wide identification of bZIP gene family and expression analysis of BhbZIP58 under heat stress in wax gourd. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:598. [PMID: 38017380 PMCID: PMC10685590 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family is one of the most abundant and evolutionarily conserved gene families in plants. It assumes crucial functions in the life cycle of plants, including pathogen defense, secondary metabolism, stress response, seed maturation, and flower development. Although the genome of wax gourd has been published, little is known about the functions, evolutionary background, and gene expression patterns of the bZIP gene family, which limits its utilization. RESULTS A total of 61 bZIP genes (BhbZIPs) were identified from wax gourd (Benincasa hispida) genome and divided into 12 subgroups. Whole-genome duplication (WGD) and dispersed duplication (DSD) were the main driving forces of bZIP gene family expansion in wax gourd, and this family may have undergone intense purifying selection pressure during the evolutionary process. We selected BhbZIP58, only one in the member of subgroup B, to study its expression patterns under different stresses, including heat, salt, drought, cold stress, and ABA treatment. Surprisingly, BhbZIP58 had a dramatic response under heat stress. BhbZIP58 showed the highest expression level in the root compared with leaves, stem, stamen, pistil, and ovary. In addition, BhbZIP58 protein was located in the nucleus and had transcriptional activation activity. Overexpression of BhbZIP58 in Arabidopsis enhanced their heat tolerance. CONCLUSIONS In this study, bZIP gene family is systematically bioinformatically in wax gourd for the first time. Particularly, BhbZIP58 may have an important role in heat stress. It will facilitate further research on the bZIP gene family regarding their evolutionary history and biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Zhong
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoqi Shi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulei Qian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunyan Kang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Biao Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.
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Zhu B, Li C, Wang M, Chen J, Hu Y, Huang W, Wang H. Comparative transcriptome provides insights into gene regulation network associated with the resistance to Fusarium wilt in grafted wax gourd Benincasa hispida. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1277500. [PMID: 37964995 PMCID: PMC10641703 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1277500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Wilt is a soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium that has become a serious threat to wax gourd production. Disease-resistant graft wax gourds are an effective treatment for Fusarium wilt. However, there are few reports on the defense mechanism of graft wax gourd against wilt diseases. Methods In the present study, disease and growth indices were compared between grafted and original wax gourds after infection with Fusarium. High level of disease resistance was observed in the grafted wax gourd, with a lower disease index and low impacts on growth after infection. RNA-seq was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the adjacent treatment time points in the grafted and original wax gourds, respectively. Then a comparative temporal analysis was performed and a total of 1,190 genes were identified to show different gene expression patterns between the two wax gourd groups during Fusarium infection. Result and discussion Here, high level of disease resistance was observed in the grafted wax gourd, with a lower disease index and low impacts on growth after infection. The DEG number was higher in grafted group than original group, and the enriched functional categories and pathways of DEGs were largely inconsistent between the two groups. These genes were enriched in multiple pathways, of which the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway enhanced the early defense response, and cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis signaling pathways enhanced surface resistance in grafted wax gourd in comparison to original group. Our study provides insights into the gene regulatory mechanisms underlying the resistance of grafted wax gourds to Fusarium wilt infection, which will facilitate the breeding and production of wilt-resistant rootstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baibi Zhu
- Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Chunqiang Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yanping Hu
- Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wenfeng Huang
- Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Research Center of Quality Safety and Standards for Agro-Products, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Haikou, Hainan, China
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Genome-Wide Identification of YABBY Gene Family in Cucurbitaceae and Expression Analysis in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030467. [PMID: 35328021 PMCID: PMC8953090 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
YABBY transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and development. However, little is known about YABBY genes in Cucurbitaceae. Here, we identified 59 YABBY genes from eight cucurbit species, including cucumber (C. sativus L.), melon (C. melon L.), watermelon (C. lanatus), wax gourd (B. hispida), pumpkin (C. maxima), zucchini (C. pepo L.), silver-seed gourd (C. argyrosperma), and bottle gourd (L. siceraria). The 59 YABBY genes were clustered into five subfamilies wherein the gene structures and motifs are conserved, suggesting similar functions within each subfamily. Different YABBY gene numbers in eight cucurbit species indicated that gene loss or duplication events exist in an evolutionary process across Cucurbitaceae. The cis-acting elements analysis implied that the YABBYs may be involved in plant development, and phytohormone, stress, and light responses. Importantly, YABBY genes exhibited organ-specific patterns in expression in cucumber. Furthermore, a gene CsaV3_6G038650 was constitutively expressed at higher levels at different fruit development stages and might play a crucial role in cucumber fruit development. Collectively, our work will provide a better understanding for further function identifications of YABBY genes in Cucurbitaceae.
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Comparative Chloroplast Genome Analysis of Wax Gourd (Benincasa hispida) with Three Benincaseae Species, Revealing Evolutionary Dynamic Patterns and Phylogenetic Implications. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030461. [PMID: 35328015 PMCID: PMC8954987 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Benincasa hispida (wax gourd) is an important Cucurbitaceae crop, with enormous economic and medicinal importance. Here, we report the de novo assembly and annotation of the complete chloroplast genome of wax gourd with 156,758 bp in total. The quadripartite structure of the chloroplast genome comprises a large single-copy (LSC) region with 86,538 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region with 18,060 bp, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRa and IRb) with 26,080 bp each. Comparison analyses among B. hispida and three other species from Benincaseae presented a significant conversion regarding nucleotide content, genome structure, codon usage, synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions, putative RNA editing sites, microsatellites, and oligonucleotide repeats. The LSC and SSC regions were found to be much more varied than the IR regions through a divergent analysis of the species within Benincaseae. Notable IR contractions and expansions were observed, suggesting a difference in genome size, gene duplication and deletion, and the presence of pseudogenes. Intronic gene sequences, such as trnR-UCU–atpA and atpH–atpI, were observed as highly divergent regions. Two types of phylogenetic analysis based on the complete cp genome and 72 genes suggested sister relationships between B. hispida with the Citrullus, Lagenaria, and Cucumis. Variations and consistency with previous studies regarding phylogenetic relationships are discussed. The cp genome of B. hispida provides valuable genetic information for the detection of molecular markers, research on taxonomic discrepancies, and the inference of the phylogenetic relationships of Cucurbitaceae.
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Ryu HS, Lee SJ, Whang WK. Isolation of Anti-Diabetic Active Compounds from Benincasae Exocarpium and Development of Simultaneous Analysis by HPLC-PDA. Molecules 2021; 27:9. [PMID: 35011239 PMCID: PMC8746645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that is a constant problem. Previous studies have reported that Benincasa cerifera Savi. extracts are effective in treating diabetes and its complications. Benincasae Exocarpium (BE) is a fruit peel of B. cerifera that has been reported to be used for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases such as hyperglycemia, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. However, there are not enough studies on the compounds and bioassays to support the efficacy of BE. The inhibitory activity of the BE extracts and fractions against advanced glycation end-products (AGE) formation and α-glucosidase activity was evaluated. These assays are relevant for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Based on these results, compounds 1-11 were isolated through bioassay-guided isolation. In addition, we developed a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method that can simultaneously analyze these 11 compounds. Activity evaluation of the compounds was also conducted, and eight compounds exhibited significant activity. Among these, flavonoid compounds showed strong activity. A quantitative evaluation of eight bioactive compounds (2, 5-11) was conducted. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential of BE for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sung Ryu
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 151-756, Korea
| | - Suk Jin Lee
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 151-756, Korea
| | - Wan Kyunn Whang
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 151-756, Korea
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A Literature-Based Update on Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.: Traditional Uses, Nutraceutical, and Phytopharmacological Profiles. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6349041. [PMID: 34925698 PMCID: PMC8683187 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6349041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae) is an annual climbing plant, native to Asia with multiple therapeutic uses in traditional medicine. This updated review is aimed at discussing the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, pharmacological properties, and molecular mechanisms highlighted in preclinical experimental studies and toxicological safety to evaluate the therapeutic potential of this genus. The literature from PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Springer, Science Direct, and database was analyzed using the basic keyword “Benincasa hispida.” Other searching strategies, including online resources, books, and journals, were used. The taxonomy of the plant has been made by consulting “The Plant List”. The results showed that B. hispida has been used in traditional medicine to treat neurological diseases, kidney disease, fever, and cough accompanied by thick mucus and to fight intestinal worms. The main bioactive compounds contained in Benincasa hispida have cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Further safety and efficacy investigations are needed to confirm these beneficial therapeutic effects and also future human clinical studies.
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Chittasupho C, Thongnopkoon T, Burapapisut S, Charoensukkho C, Shuwisitkul D, Samee W. Stability, permeation, and cytotoxicity reduction of capsicum extract nanoparticles loaded hydrogel containing wax gourd extract. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1538-1547. [PMID: 33424247 PMCID: PMC7783228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop hydrogel loaded with capsicum extract nanoparticles and wax gourd extract for transdermal delivery of capsaicin. The addition of wax gourd extract was supposed to reduce cytotoxicity of capsaicin in capsicum extract against HaCaT keratinocyte cell line. Capsicum extract nanoparticles were prepared by solvent displacement method using hyaluronic acid as a stabilizer. The physical and chemical stability of capsicum extract nanoparticles were investigated by dynamic light scattering technique and UV-Visible spectrophotometry, respectively. Hydrogel loaded with capsicum extract nanoparticles and wax gourd fruit extract was then formulated by using Carbopol 940® as a gelling agent for transdermal delivery. The skin permeability of capsaicin from the hydrogel was evaluated by Franz diffusion cell approach. The cytotoxicity reduction of capsicum extract nanoparticles and capsicum extract nanoparticles by mixing with wax gourd extract was determined by MTT assay The results showed that capsicum extract nanoparticles exhibited an average diameter of 168.4 ± 5.3 nm with a polydispersity index and zeta potential value of 0.26 ± 0.01 and -45.7 ± 7.1 mV, respectively. After two month-storage, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential values of capsicum extract nanoparticles stored at 4° C, 30° C, and 45 °C did not significantly change. The capsaicin content decreased to 78%, 71%, and 72% when stored at 4 °C, 30 °C, and 45 °C for three months, respectively. The pH values of hydrogel containing capsicum extract nanoparticles were found to be in the range of 5.58-6.05 indicating good stability. The hydrogel exhibited a pseudoplastic character. The rate of permeation flux of capsaicin from hydrogel was 7.96 µg/cm2/h. A significant increase in cell viability was observed when the cells were incubated with capsicum extract nanoparticles mixed with wax gourd, compared to capsicum extract nanoparticles alone. The wax gourd extract in the hydrogel protected HaCaT cells from capsaicin cytotoxicity, thus may provide a new approach for delivery of capsaicin to reduce cytotoxicity to skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuda Chittasupho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thanu Thongnopkoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Supisara Burapapisut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Chutharat Charoensukkho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Duangratana Shuwisitkul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Weerasak Samee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand
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Shakya A, Chaudhary SK, Bhat HR, Ghosh SK. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies of Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) cogniaux fruit extract in rodents. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 118:104785. [PMID: 32976857 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the safety of standardized 70% ethanolic extract of Benincasa hispida fruit pulp (HABH) in rodents. Chemical characterization of HABH has been done by GC-MS and dimethylsulfoxonium formyl methylide, l-(+)-ascorbic acid and 2,6-dihexadecanoate were identified as major compounds in the extract. Acute oral toxicity study of HABH was done according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline, by 'up and down' method, using the limit test at 2000 mg/kg, body weight in mice and were observed up to 14 days. In sub-chronic oral toxicity study, HABH was administered to Wistar rats at doses of 1000, 200 and 40 mg/kg b. w. per day for 90 days. In acute toxicity study, there was no mortality and no behavioural signs of toxicity at the limit test dose level (2000 mg/kg b. w.). In sub-chronic oral toxicity study, there was no significant difference observed in the consumption of food and water, body weight and relative organ weights. Haematological, serum biochemical and urine analysis revealed the non-adverse effects of prolonged oral consumption of HABH. The histopathologic examination did not show any differences in vital organs. Based on our findings, HABH, at dosage levels up to 1000 mg/kg b. w., is non-toxic and safe for long term oral consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786 004, Assam, India.
| | - Sushil Kumar Chaudhary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Mussoorie-Diversion Road, Makkawala, Dehradun, 248 009, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Hans Raj Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786 004, Assam, India
| | - Surajit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786 004, Assam, India
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Sisay Zewdu W, Jemere Aragaw T. Evaluation of the Anti-Ulcer Activity of Hydromethanolic Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Root of Rumex nepalensis in Rats. J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:325-337. [PMID: 33061674 PMCID: PMC7520116 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s258586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rumex nepalensis(RN) Spreng has been used to treat ulcer disease in Ethiopian folk medicine. This study aimed to determine the anti-ulcer activity of hydroalcoholic root crude extract and solvent fractions of R. nepalensis in rats. Methods The effect of R. nepalensis crude hydromethanolic extract and solvent fractions at doses (100, 200, 400 mg/kg/day) and repeated dosing (200 mg/kg/day for 10 and 20 days) was examined on ulcers in rats in pyloric ligation-, cold restraint stress-, and acetic acid-induced ulcer models. Cimetidine (100 mg/kg/day) and/or Omeprazole (20 mg/kg/day) were used as standard drugs and served as a positive control. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA post hoc followed by a Tukey HSD test with SPSS software version 24.0, and P≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results In the pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model, pretreatment with the crude extract significantly reduced the degree of gastric secretions, pH, total acidity, and ulcerations in a dose-dependent manner. Gastroprotection offered by the R. nepalensis 400 mg/kg test extract was comparable to that of the standard. Among fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction at 400 mg/kg had the highest protection of ulcer but the chloroform fraction was ineffective. In the cold restraint stress-induced ulcer model, R. nepalensis at 200 and 400 mg/kg reduced the lesion index significantly (P<0.01). With relevant chronic ulcer model treatment, a dose of R. nepalensis at 200 and 400 mg/kg healed ulcers significantly with a curative ratio of 53.22% and 54.59%, respectively. Conclusion From this study, it is concluded that hydromethanolic crude extract and solvent fractions of R. nepalensis root showed promising anti-ulcer activity. This upholds its folkloric use. Thus, it is considered as a possible source to develop a new anti-ulcer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woretaw Sisay Zewdu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tezera Jemere Aragaw
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Xie D, Xu Y, Wang J, Liu W, Zhou Q, Luo S, Huang W, He X, Li Q, Peng Q, Yang X, Yuan J, Yu J, Wang X, Lucas WJ, Huang S, Jiang B, Zhang Z. The wax gourd genomes offer insights into the genetic diversity and ancestral cucurbit karyotype. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5158. [PMID: 31727887 PMCID: PMC6856369 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The botanical family Cucurbitaceae includes a variety of fruit crops with global or local economic importance. How their genomes evolve and the genetic basis of diversity remain largely unexplored. In this study, we sequence the genome of the wax gourd (Benincasa hispida), which bears giant fruit up to 80 cm in length and weighing over 20 kg. Comparative analyses of six cucurbit genomes reveal that the wax gourd genome represents the most ancestral karyotype, with the predicted ancestral genome having 15 proto-chromosomes. We also resequence 146 lines of diverse germplasm and build a variation map consisting of 16 million variations. Combining population genetics and linkage mapping, we identify a number of regions/genes potentially selected during domestication and improvement, some of which likely contribute to the large fruit size in wax gourds. Our analyses of these data help to understand genome evolution and function in cucurbits. Cucurbits fruits have diverse shapes and sizes, but their genomes evolution and genetic basis of diversity are unclear. Here, the authors show that the wax gourd genome has the most ancestral karyotype among cucurbits and identify candidate genes which contribute to large fruit size by comparative and population genomics analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasen Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Yuanchao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Agricultural Genomic Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Caofeidian Dist., Tangshan, Hebei, 063200, China
| | - Wenrui Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Agricultural Genomic Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Shaobo Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Wu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoming He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qingwu Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Xueyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiaqing Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Caofeidian Dist., Tangshan, Hebei, 063200, China
| | - Jigao Yu
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Caofeidian Dist., Tangshan, Hebei, 063200, China
| | - Xiyin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Caofeidian Dist., Tangshan, Hebei, 063200, China
| | - William J Lucas
- Agricultural Genomic Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China.,Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Agricultural Genomic Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China.
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. .,College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Talaei A, Forouzanfar F, Akhondzadeh S. Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Review. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2019; 18:8-16. [PMID: 31660838 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666191011105050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic and disabling mental disorder encountered in neurologic practice. In spite of the several classes of drugs that are available for the treatment of OCD, full remission remains challenging. Research on herbal remedies has grown over the last decade. OBJECTIVE This present review article provides information regarding the plants that exhibited protective effects on OCD. METHODS To retrieve articles related to the study, Web of Science, PubMed (NLM), Open Access Journals, LISTA (EBSCO), and Google Scholar, with keywords including Medicinal plants, Psychiatric disorders, Obsessive-compulsive disorder and Phytomedicine were used. RESULTS The plants which are used for the treatment of OCD are: Citrus aurantium, Crocus sativus, Benincasa hispida, Withania somnifera, Colocasia esculenta, Hypericum perforatum, Valeriana officinalis, Lagenaria siceraria and Echium amoenum. CONCLUSION This review suggests that some medicinal plants can be potential drug candidates for the treatment of OCD. Aside from this, the future focus should be on the standardization of herbal extracts, and further research is required to be performed on the concept of mechanism. Clinical research in this area is in its infancy and warrants further clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Talaei
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lim J, Song C, Park S, Park D, Cho H, Jung G, Bashir KMI, Ku SK, Choi J. Protective effects of a triple-fermented barley extract (FBe) against HCl/EtOH-induced gastric mucosa damage in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:2036-2046. [PMID: 30510705 PMCID: PMC6261165 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to observe the possible protective effects of a triple-fermented barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) extract (FBe) obtained by saccharification and using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Weissella cibaria in alleviating gastric damage induced by a hydrochloric acid (HCl) and ethanol (EtOH) mixture in mice. After oral administration of FBe (300, 200, and 100 mg/kg) followed by 1 hr before and after the single treatment of HCl/EtOH (H/E) mixture, the hemorrhagic lesion scores, histopathology of the stomach, gastric nitrate/nitrite content, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant defense systems including catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were observed. Following a single oral treatment of H/E-induced gastric damages as measured by hemorrhagic gross lesions and histopathological gastric, ulcerative lesions were significantly and dose-dependently (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) inhibited in mice, when all three different doses of FBe were administered as compared to those in H/E control mice. In particular, FBe also increased gastric nitrate/nitrite content and strengthened the antioxidant defense, with a decrease in the level of gastric lipid peroxidation, but increased the activities of CAT and SOD. Moreover, the effects of FBe are comparable to that of ranitidine, a reference drug. The obtained results suggest that this fermented barley extract prevented mice from H/E-induced gastric mucosal damages through the suppression of inflammatory responses and oxidative stress-responsive free radicals. Thus, FBe can be useful to treat patients suffering from gastric mucosal disorders as a potent food supplement, and thereby, it would increase the necessity of application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong‐Min Lim
- #305 Marine Bio‐Industry Development CenterGlucan Corp.Gijan‐gunBusanKorea
| | - Chang‐Hyun Song
- Department of Anatomy and HistologyCollege of Korean MedicineDaegu Haany UniversityGyeongsan‐siGyeongsanbuk‐doKorea
- MRC‐GHF, College of Korean MedicineDaegu Haany UniversityGyeongsan‐siGyeongsanbuk‐doKorea
| | - Su‐Jin Park
- Department of Anatomy and HistologyCollege of Korean MedicineDaegu Haany UniversityGyeongsan‐siGyeongsanbuk‐doKorea
- MRC‐GHF, College of Korean MedicineDaegu Haany UniversityGyeongsan‐siGyeongsanbuk‐doKorea
| | - Dong‐Chan Park
- #305 Marine Bio‐Industry Development CenterGlucan Corp.Gijan‐gunBusanKorea
| | - Hyung‐Rae Cho
- #305 Marine Bio‐Industry Development CenterGlucan Corp.Gijan‐gunBusanKorea
| | - Go‐Woon Jung
- #305 Marine Bio‐Industry Development CenterGlucan Corp.Gijan‐gunBusanKorea
| | - Khawaja Muhammad Imran Bashir
- Seafood Research Center, IACFSilla UniversitySeo‐guBusanKorea
- Research Center for Extremophiles and MicrobiologyCollege of Medical and Life SciencesSilla UniversitySasang‐guBusanKorea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and HistologyCollege of Korean MedicineDaegu Haany UniversityGyeongsan‐siGyeongsanbuk‐doKorea
| | - Jae‐Suk Choi
- Seafood Research Center, IACFSilla UniversitySeo‐guBusanKorea
- Division of BioindustryCollege of Medical and Life SciencesSilla UniversitySasang‐guBusanKorea
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Ruangnam S, Wanchana S, Phoka N, Saeansuk C, Mahatheeranont S, de Hoop SJ, Toojinda T, Vanavichit A, Arikit S. A deletion of the gene encoding amino aldehyde dehydrogenase enhances the "pandan-like" aroma of winter melon (Benincasa hispida) and is a functional marker for the development of the aroma. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2017; 130:2557-2565. [PMID: 28887587 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The gene conferring a "pandan-like" aroma of winter melon was identified. The sequence variation (804-bp deletion) found in the gene was used as the target for functional marker development. Winter melon (Benincasa hispida), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is a commonly consumed vegetable in Asian countries that is popular for its nutritional and medicinal value. A "pandan-like" aroma, which is economically important in crops including rice and soybean, is rarely found in most commercial varieties of winter melon, but is present in some landraces. This aroma is a value-added potential trait in breeding winter melon with a higher economic value. In this study, we confirmed that the aroma of winter melon is due to the potent volatile compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) as previously identified in other plants. Based on an analysis of public transcriptome data, BhAMADH encoding an aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase (AMADH) was identified as a candidate gene conferring aroma of winter melon. A sequence comparison of BhAMADH between the aromatic and non-aromatic accessions revealed an 804-bp deletion encompassing exons 11-13 in the aromatic accession. The deletion caused several premature stop codons and could result in a truncated protein with a length of only 208 amino acids compared with 503 amino acids in the normal protein. A functional marker was successfully developed based on the 804-bp deletion and validated in 237 F2 progenies. A perfect association of the marker genotypes and aroma phenotypes indicates that BhAMADH is the major gene conferring the aroma. The recently developed functional marker could be efficiently used in breeding programs for the aroma trait in winter melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowalak Ruangnam
- Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
- Hortigenetics Research (S.E. Asia) Limited, Suphanburi, 72190, Thailand
| | - Samart Wanchana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Nongnat Phoka
- King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Ratchaburi Campus, Ratchaburi, 70150, Thailand
| | - Chatree Saeansuk
- Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sugunya Mahatheeranont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Simon Jan de Hoop
- Hortigenetics Research (S.E. Asia) Limited, Suphanburi, 72190, Thailand
| | - Theerayut Toojinda
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Apichart Vanavichit
- Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 7314, Thailand
| | - Siwaret Arikit
- Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand.
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 7314, Thailand.
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Harsha C, Banik K, Bordoloi D, Kunnumakkara AB. Antiulcer properties of fruits and vegetables: A mechanism based perspective. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:104-119. [PMID: 28711545 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is the damage caused to mucosal layer of the stomach under the action of various factors like high levels of acid and pepsin, invasion by Helicobacter pylori, etc. Although most cases have been controlled and the rate of ulcer occurrence has reduced over the last few decades, gastric ulcer still holds a prime concern today. A range of palliative medicines comprising proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor antagonists, COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) is widely in use and patients have also been administered with acid suppression therapies. But these remedies aggravate the condition of patients causing severe side effects, or rather impart temporary relief. Therefore, it is highly imperative to develop safe and effective therapies for the treatment of gastric ulcer. Nature provides us various fruits and vegetables that can combat gastric ulcer through multiple mechanisms; predominantly via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antisecretory, antimicrobial, anticholinergic and cytoprotective activity, inhibition of small intestinal propulsion etc. Various phytochemicals from fruits and vegetables such as phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and saponins play a vital role in the prevention and cure of gastric ulcer. This review is a compendium of all fruits and vegetables known for their profound antiulcer effect and their underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Koike H, Nakazawa A, Horiba Y, Tsukada N, Watanabe K. Safety of Daiobotampito in the Treatment of Acute Diverticulitis of the Colon: A Single-Center, Open-Label, Prospective Trial. J Altern Complement Med 2017; 23:885-889. [PMID: 28266866 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2016.0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety of daiobotampito in the treatment of acute diverticulitis of the colon. METHODS We conducted a single-center, open-label, prospective study. Ten patients who suffered from diverticulitis of the colon were recruited. The patients were treated with fasting, antibacterial agents, and daiobotampito extract for 10 days in or out of hospital. The patients individually recorded their body temperature, grade of abdominal pain, number of times that analgesics were used, and number of stools daily. We checked whether the patients had adverse reactions such as abdominal pain or diarrhea. RESULTS No patients experienced serious adverse reactions. One patient had moderate abdominal pain and diarrhea soon after daiobotampito intake. This patient discontinued daiobotampito on day 4, and the pain and diarrhea quickly resolved. The abdominal pain of this patient was worse 6 days before treatment, and the pain was almost relieved with initial daiobotampito treatment. CONCLUSIONS Daiobotampito is a safe treatment option for early stage, acute diverticulitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Koike
- 1 Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan .,2 Department of General Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakazawa
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Horiba
- 1 Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tsukada
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- 1 Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
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Arora P, Kaushik D. Therapeutic potential of Benincasa cerifera: A review. Chin J Integr Med 2016:10.1007/s11655-016-2589-8. [PMID: 27465423 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Benincasa cerifera (Savi.), belonging to Cucurbitaceae, is an annual creepy wine that posses highm edicinal value and istraditionally used as fruit and medicine throughout India. In Indian system of medicine, its fruit is used as nutritive, tonic, diuretic, aphrodisiac, styptic, vermifuge and in various diseases and disorders like asthma, bronchitis, insanity, epilepsy, dry cough, fever, urethrorrhea, syphilis, hyperdipsia and vitiated conditions of pitta, etc. Phytochemically the plant is found to contain lupeol, β-sitosterol, cucurbitacin B, iso-vitexin, etc. It has been demonstrated to posses numerous pharmacological activities such as antiepileptic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, analgesic, immunopotentiator and anxiolytic, etc. In the present review there is a detailed description of its botany, phytochemistry, ethno-botany and pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjul Arora
- Medicine Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India.
| | - Dhirender Kaushik
- Medicine Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
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Pandey S, Jha A, Khemariya P, Kumar S, Rai M. Shelf-life and microbiological safety studies of refrigerated petha sweet. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 51:3452-7. [PMID: 26396345 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted at Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi (I.I.V.R.), Uttar Pradesh from 2006 to 2009 for evaluating comparative physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory attributes of crystallized and Kashi petha at refrigerated storage (4 ± 1 °C) condition up to 90 days. The petha were manufactured using 2 varieties of ash gourd developed at I.I.V.R. i.e.; Kashi Dhawal and Kashi Ujwal, selected based on different parameters suitable for petha sweet preparation. The used packaging materials for storage studies were laminated pouch, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene. The physiochemical analysis and sensory evaluation were performed at 15 days interval upto 90 days for storage study in both Kashi Petha and crystallized petha, while microbial observation was recorded up to 90 days in crystallized petha and up to 50 days Kashi Petha. Physico-chemical analysis exhibited the continuous increase in moisture (25.79-26.80 % and 31.68-32.63 %) and titratable acidity (0.022-0.029 %) and (0.022-0.030 %) and reduction in ascorbic acid content (5.50-5.00 mg/100 g and 5.12-4.84 mg/100 g), respectively in crystallized and Kashi petha. The increasing trend in microbial population was more pronounced in Kashi petha in comparison to crystallized petha. The spoilage bacteria included Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and lactic acid bacteria while Aspergillus, Penicillium and Saccharomyces were observed among fungal contaminants. The bacteria, yeast and mold were identified on the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemical characterization with respect to storage period. On the basis of the overall findings of comparative physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory evaluation, 30 and 50 days of storage was considered as safe for the consumption of Kashi and crystallized petha, respectively under refrigerated environment (4 ± 1 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Pandey
- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Post Box 01, P.O. Jakhini (Shahanshahpur), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 305 India
| | - Aastik Jha
- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Post Box 01, P.O. Jakhini (Shahanshahpur), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 305 India
| | - Priti Khemariya
- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Post Box 01, P.O. Jakhini (Shahanshahpur), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 305 India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- U.P. Council of Agricultural Research, 8th Floor, Kisan Mandi Bhawan, Vibhuti Khand, Gomati Nagar, Lucknow-226010 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mathura Rai
- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Post Box 01, P.O. Jakhini (Shahanshahpur), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 305 India
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Raihana ARN, Marikkar J, Amin I, Shuhaimi M. A Review on Food Values of Selected Tropical Fruits’ Seeds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2014.980946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nandecha C, Nahata A, Dixit VK. Effect of Benincasa hispida fruits on testosterone-induced prostatic hypertrophy in albino rats. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2014; 71:331-43. [PMID: 24688153 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benincasa hispida Cogn. has been used traditionally in India for the management of urinary disorders. The fruit of B hispida is used as a diuretic and the seeds have been reported to possess antiangiogenic effects in prostate cells. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of petroleum ether extract, ethanolic extract, and B hispida seed oil on hyperplasia of the prostate induced by the subcutaneous administration of testosterone in rats. METHODS In vitro studies were performed to determine the 5α-reductase inhibitory potential of the extracts. The results of those studies paved the way for the pharmacologic screening of the extracts to assess their potential against testosterone-induced hyperplasia in rats. Nine groups containing 10 rats per group were created for this study. Hyperplasia was induced by administration of testosterone (3 mg/kg SC) for 14 days in all the groups except the vehicle-treated group. Simultaneous administration of petroleum ether extract (100 or 200 mg/kg PO), ethanolic extract (100 or 200 mg/kg PO), and B hispida seed oil (20 or 40 mg/kg PO) was conducted. A standard 5α-reductase inhibitor (ie, finasteride) was used as a positive control. The weight of the rats was recorded on day 0 (ie, day 1 of the study) and on day 14, and the influence of testosterone and test extracts on the weight of the rats was determined. On day 14, rats were euthanized; prostates were dissected out, and weighed. The rats' prostate/body weight (P/BW) ratio was then determined. Histologic examinations were performed on prostates from each group. RESULTS The petroleum ether extract as well as B hispida seed oil exhibited inhibition of 5α-reductase activity in in vitro studies. Ethanolic extract did not exhibit significant inhibitory potential in vitro. Further in vivo study found that testosterone treatment significantly increased the rats' P/BW ratio in all the groups except the vehicle-treated rats, and this increase in weight was significantly inhibited in rats administered petroleum ether extract (100 and 200 mg/kg PO) and B hispida seed oil (20 and 40 mg/kg PO). Ethanolic extract did not exhibit any significant activity. CONCLUSIONS Petroleum ether extract and B hispida seed oil inhibited testosterone-induced hyperplasia of the prostate in these rats. Further studies are needed to evaluate its effect in humans with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Nandecha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Nahata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Dixit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Ulcer protective effect of Leucas aspera in various experimental ulcer models. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Jiang B, Xie D, Liu W, Peng Q, He X. De novo assembly and characterization of the transcriptome, and development of SSR markers in wax gourd (Benicasa hispida). PLoS One 2013; 8:e71054. [PMID: 23951078 PMCID: PMC3738631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wax gourd is a widely used vegetable of Cucuribtaceae, and also has important medicinal and health values. However, the genomic resources of wax gourd were scarcity, and only a few nucleotide sequences could be obtained in public databases. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we examined transcriptome in wax gourd. More than 44 million of high quality reads were generated from five different tissues of wax gourd using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. Approximately 4 Gbp data were generated, and de novo assembled into 65,059 unigenes, with an N50 of 1,132 bp. Based on sequence similarity search with known protein database, 36,070 (55.4%) showed significant similarity to known proteins in Nr database, and 24,969 (38.4%) had BLAST hits in Swiss-Prot database. Among the annotated unigenes, 14,994 of wax gourd unigenes were assigned to GO term annotation, and 23,977 were found to have COG classifications. In addition, a total of 18,713 unigenes were assigned to 281 KEGG pathways. Furthermore, 6,242 microsatellites (simple sequence repeats) were detected as potential molecular markers in wax gourd. Two hundred primer pairs for SSRs were designed for validation of the amplification and polymorphism. The result showed that 170 of the 200 primer pairs were successfully amplified and 49 (28.8%) of them exhibited polymorphisms. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Our study enriches the genomic resources of wax gourd and provides powerful information for future studies. The availability of this ample amount of information about the transcriptome and SSRs in wax gourd could serve as valuable basis for studies on the physiology, biochemistry, molecular genetics and molecular breeding of this important vegetable crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Jiang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for New Technology Research on Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dasen Xie
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for New Technology Research on Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Wenrui Liu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for New Technology Research on Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwu Peng
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming He
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for New Technology Research on Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
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α -Mangostin from Cratoxylum arborescens (Vahl) Blume Demonstrates Anti-Ulcerogenic Property: A Mechanistic Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:450840. [PMID: 23634169 PMCID: PMC3619625 DOI: 10.1155/2013/450840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cratoxylum arborescens (Vahl) Blume is an Asian herbal medicine with versatile ethnobiological properties including treatment of gastric ulcer. This study evaluated the antiulcerogenic mechanism(s) of α-mangostin (AM) in a rat model of ulcer. AM is a prenylated xanthone derived through biologically guided fractionation of C. arborescens. Rats were orally pretreated with AM and subsequently exposed to acute gastric lesions induced by ethanol. Following treatment, ulcer index, gastric juice acidity, mucus content, histological and immunohistochemical analyses, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH) were evaluated. The anti-Helicobacter pylori, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitory effect, and antioxidant activity of AM were also investigated in vitro. AM (10 and 30 mg/kg) inhibited significantly (P < 0.05) ethanol-induced gastric lesions by 66.04% and 74.39 %, respectively. The compound induces the expression of Hsp70, restores GSH levels, decreases lipid peroxidation, and inhibits COX-2 activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AM showed an effective in vitro anti-H. pylori activity. The efficacy of the AM was accomplished safely without presenting any toxicological parameters. The results of the present study indicate that the antioxidant properties and the potent anti-H. pylori, in addition to activation of Hsp70 protein, may contribute to the gastroprotective activity of α-mangostin.
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Ullah MO, Haque M, Urmi KF, Zulfiker AHM, Anita ES, Begum M, Hamid K. Anti-bacterial activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay of methanolic extracts of fourteen different edible vegetables from Bangladesh. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3:1-7. [PMID: 23570009 PMCID: PMC3609385 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of fourteen different edible vegetables methanolic extract from Bangladesh. METHODS The antibacterial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion assay method against 12 bacteria (both gram positive and gram negative). The plant extracts were also screened for cytotoxic activity using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay method and the lethal concentrations (LC50) were determined at 95% confidence intervals by analyzing the data on a computer loaded with "Finney Programme". RESULTS All the vegetable extracts showed low to elevated levels of antibacterial activity against most of the tested strains (zone of inhibition=5-28 mm). The most active extract against all bacterial strains was from Xanthium indicum which showed remarkable antibacterial activity having the diameter of growth inhibition zone ranging from 12 to 28 mm followed by Alternanthera sessilis (zone of inhibition=6-21 mm). All extracts exhibited considerable general toxicity towards brine shrimps. The LC50 value of the tested extracts was within the range of 8.447 to 60.323 µg/mL with respect to the positive control (vincristine sulphate) which was 0.91 µg/mL. Among all studied extracts, Xanthium indicum displayed the highest cytotoxic effect with LC50 value of 8.447 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present investigation suggest that most of the studied plants are potentially good source of antibacterial and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Obayed Ullah
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Mahmuda Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Momtaj Begum
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Bangladesh
| | - Kaiser Hamid
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Bangladesh
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Gastroprotective Activity of Polygonum chinense Aqueous Leaf Extract on Ethanol-Induced Hemorrhagic Mucosal Lesions in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:404012. [PMID: 23365597 PMCID: PMC3544547 DOI: 10.1155/2012/404012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum chinense is a Malaysian ethnic plant with various healing effects. This study was to determine preventive effect of aqueous leaf extract of P. chinense against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups. The normal and ulcer control groups were orally administered with distilled water. The reference group was orally administered with 20 mg/kg omeprazole. The experimental groups received the extracts 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, accordingly. After sixty minutes, distilled water and absolute ethanol were given (5 mL/kg) to the normal control and the others, respectively. In addition to histology, immunohistochemical and periodic acid schiff (PAS) stains, levels of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzymes, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. The ulcer group exhibited severe mucosal damages. The experimental groups significantly reduced gastric lesions and MDA levels and increased SOD level. Immunohistochemistry of the experimental groups showed upregulation and downregulation of Hsp70 and Bax proteins, respectively. PAS staining in these groups exhibited intense staining as compared to the ulcer group. Acute toxicity study revealed the nontoxic nature of the extract. Our data provide first evidence that P. chinense extract could significantly prevent gastric ulcer.
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Rahmatullah M, Hasan A, Parvin W, Moniruzzaman M, Khatun A, Khatun Z, Jahan FI, Jahan R. Medicinal plants and formulations used by the Soren clan of the Santal tribe in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh for treatment of various ailments. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2012; 9:350-9. [PMID: 23983366 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v9i3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Santals form the largest tribal community in northern Bangladesh reside primarily in Rajshahi and Rangpur Divisions, where they live in the districts of Rajshahi, Rangpur, Thakurgaon, Dinajpur, and Panchagarh. Although they are fast losing their traditional medicinal practices, they still have their own medicinal practitioners who rely mostly on medicinal plants for treatment of a variety of ailments. The traditional medicinal practices vary quite extensively between the twelve clans of the Santals. The objective of the present study was to conduct an ethnomedicinal survey amongst the Soren clan of the Santal community residing in two villages of Tanor Santal Para in Rajshahi district to collect information on their use of medicinal plants. Interviews were conducted of the two existing Santal traditional medicinal practitioners of the Soren clan with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire and using the guided field-walk method. Plant specimens as pointed out by the practitioners were collected and pressed on the field and identification completed at the Bangladesh National Herbarium. Information on 53 medicinal plants distributed into 32 families was obtained in this survey. Ailments treated by these plants included skin disorders, respiratory tract disorders, gastro-intestinal disorders, sexual dysfunctions, sexually transmitted diseases, diabetes, helminthiasis, pain, urinary problems, filariasis, leprosy, tuberculosis, epilepsy, snake bite, enlarged heart, and paralysis. The medicinal plants used by the Santals merit further scientific studies for some of their formulations are used to treat diseases like diabetes, paralysis, enlarged heart, tuberculosis, and filariasis for which modern medicine has no known cure or medicines have developed resistant vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
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Dhiman K, Gupta A, Sharma D, Gill N, Goyal A. A Review on the Medicinally Important Plants of the Family Cucurbitaceae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ajcn.2012.16.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Singh S, Kumar U, Rai A. Process optimization for the manufacture of angoori petha. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2011; 51:892-9. [PMID: 24803695 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Angoori petha (AP) is delicacy which is relished by large section of Indian population. Fully ripened ash gourd fruits were osmotically dehydrated at different lime water concentration, lime water treatment time and sugar concentration for the manufacture of AP. The response variables consisted of sensory parameter for flavour, body and texture, colour and appearance and overall acceptability and physico-chemical properties. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used as experimental design to predict the optimum conditions for manufacture of petha. The interaction of lime water concentration and lime water treatment time had significant (P < 0.05) effect for flavour, body and texture, colour and appearance and overall acceptability score (OAA) score in AP. The colour and appearance score had declining trend with increase the lime water treatment time and lime water concentration. Reducing sugar varied from 1.0% to 2.0%. The mean values for total invert sugar, sucrose and total sugar were in the range of 31.6-68.3%, 30.6-66.9% and 31.6-68.4%, respectively in different runs of AP samples. The optimum osmotic diffusion treatment consisted of lime water concentration of 12.6%, lime water treatment time of 54.1 min and sugar concentration of 87.9% for maximum acceptability in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Singh
- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Post Bag No.1, Jakhini (Shahanshahpur), Varanasi, 221305 India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Post Bag No.1, Jakhini (Shahanshahpur), Varanasi, 221305 India
| | - Ashutosh Rai
- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Post Bag No.1, Jakhini (Shahanshahpur), Varanasi, 221305 India
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Abdelwahab SI, Mohan S, Abdulla MA, Sukari MA, Abdul AB, Taha MME, Syam S, Ahmad S, Lee KH. The methanolic extract of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. and its major compound pinostrobin induces anti-ulcerogenic property in vivo: possible involvement of indirect antioxidant action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:963-970. [PMID: 21771650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Boesenbergia rotunda (L) Mansf. has been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders including peptic ulcer. In the current study we aimed to investiagte the anti-ulcer activities of methanolic extract of B. rotunda (MEBR) and its main active compound, pinostrobin on ethanol-induced ulcer in rats. The possible involevement of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, cyclooxygenases and free radical scavenging mechanisms also has been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pinostrobin was isolated form the rhizomes of B. rotunda. Ulcer index, gastric juice acidity, mucus content, gross and histological gastric lesions and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were evaluated in ethanol-induced ulcer in vivo. The effect of pinostrobin into lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ stimulated rodent cells, COX-1 and COX-2 activities were done in vitro. RESULTS Pre-treatment with MEBR, pinostrobin or omeprazole protected the gastric mucosa as seen by reduction in ulcer area and mucosal content, reduced or absence of submucosal edema and leucocytes infiltration. Pinostrobin significantly (p<0.05) lowered the elevated TBARS level into gasteric homogenate. Pinostrobin did not produced significant in vitro inhibition of NO from LPS/IFN-γ activated rodent cells without affecting the viability of these cells. Further, the compound did bot revleaed inhibitory effects on both COX- 1& 2 enzymes. The antioxidant assays also exhibited non significance in vitro. CONCLUSION Thus it can be concluded that MEBR possesses anti-ulcer activity, which could be attributed to indirect anti-oxidant mechanism of pinostrobin but not to the intervention with nitric oxide and COX inflammation pathways.
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Zaini NAM, Anwar F, Hamid AA, Saari N. Kundur [Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.]: A potential source for valuable nutrients and functional foods. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rachchh MA, Jain SM. Gastroprotective effect of Benincasa hispida fruit extract. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 40:271-5. [PMID: 21279184 PMCID: PMC3025145 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.45154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The antiulcer activity of Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. fruit was evaluated in rats against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage, pylorus ligated (PL) gastric ulcers, and cold restraint-stress (CRS)-induced gastric ulcer models. Methods: Petroleum ether and methanol extracts were administrated orally at the dose of 300 mg/kg, and omeprazole (reference standard) at the dose of 20 mg/kg. Ulcer index was common parameter studied in all the models. Further, vascular permeability was evaluated in ethanol model, and effect on lipid peroxidation, viz. melondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels were studied in CRS model. Results: Both the extracts produced significant reduction in ulcer index (P < 0.05) in all the models and the results were comparable with that of omeprazole-treated group. Further, significant reduction in vascular permeability (P < 0.05) was observed. In CRS model, MDA content was significantly reduced along with increase in CAT levels as compared to control group. Conclusions: Petroleum ether and methanol extracts of B. hispida possess significant antiulcer as well as antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish A Rachchh
- Department of pharmacology, S. J. Thakkar Pharmacy College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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31
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Gill N, Dhiman K, Bajwa J, Sharma P, Sood S. Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging, Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Potential of Benincasa hispida Seed Extract. INT J PHARMACOL 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2010.652.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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CHURIYAH, DARUSMAN LATIFAHKOSIM. Bioactive Proteins from Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2009. [DOI: 10.4308/hjb.16.4.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Das D, Mondal S, Maiti D, Roy SK, Islam SS. Structural Characterization of Dietary Fiber of Green Chalcumra (Benincasa Hispida) Fruit by NMR Spectroscopic Analysis. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900400421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A water-soluble dietary fiber was isolated from the hot aqueous extract of Chalcumra ( Benincasa hispida) fruit. The polysaccharide was found to contain D-galactose and D-methyl galacturonate in a molar ratio of 2:1. On the basis of acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and NMR spectroscopic studies (1H, 13C, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC), the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established as →4)-β-D-Gal p-(1→4)-β-D-Gal p-(1→2)-α-D-Gal pA6Me-(1→.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debsankar Das
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhas Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Sadhan K. Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Syed S. Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
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34
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Moon MK, Kang DG, Lee YJ, Kim JS, Lee HS. Effect of Benincasa hispida Cogniaux on high glucose-induced vascular inflammation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2009; 50:116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Du Q, Zhang Q, Ito Y. Isolation and Identification of Phenolic Compounds in the Fruit of Benincasa hispida by HSCCC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200038620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qizhen Du
- a Institute of Food and Biological Engineering , Hangzhou University of Commerce , Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- a Institute of Food and Biological Engineering , Hangzhou University of Commerce , Hangzhou, China
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- b Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute , National Institutes of Health , Building 50, Room 3334, 50 South Drive MSC 8014, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
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Du Q, Shen L, Xiu L, Jerz G, Winterhalter P. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate in the fruits ofBenincasa hispida. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:552-5. [PMID: 16766454 DOI: 10.1080/02652030500539758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a commonly used plasticizer that is harmful to human health. magnetic resonance spectroscopy from the edible fruit flesh of Benincasa hispida (wax gourd) of the plant family Curcurbitaceae. The DEHP content of seven wax gourd samples collected from southern and northern provinces in China was determined as (mean +/- SD): 18.3 +/- 0.43, 2.64 +/- 0.44, 44.0 +/- 0.34, 62.5 +/- 0.48, 52.0 +/- 0.42, 58.3 +/- 0.55 and 75.5 +/- 0.63 mg kg-1 fresh weight, respectively, indicating that most wax gourds were severely contaminated with DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Du
- Institute of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China.
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Abstract
AIM: To develop a method of quantifying the pathological changes gastric ulcer in the experimental mice.
METHODS: The experimental mice were fed with alcohol to establish the model of gastric ulcer. The area of the ulcer was quantified by weight and picture integration. Then the ratio of ulcer area to total stomach area (ulcer area ratio, UAR) was calculated to assess the degrees of the ulcers on the stomach wall. Furthermore, the methods of weighing, picture integration, marking, and grading were compared.
RESULTS: The mark indexes and the UAR by weight and picture integration were significantly different between different grading groups (Grade 4 vs Grade 2 vs Grade 1: 84.0±27.8 vs 19.6±8.1 vs 4.0±1.0, P<0.05; 40.74±0.26% vs 4.22±0.01%vs 1.03±0.01%, P<0.05; 31.57 ±0.16% vs 4.36±0.02% vs 2.43±0.02%, P<0.05) respectively, but the petechiae have no significant difference (P>0.05). Except in one mouse, the differences of UAR between by weight and picture integration in other five mice were 0.69, 4.89, 7.41, 1.26 and 2.76 respectively, which showed UAR had no marked difference between the two methods. In comparison of model I with model II, there were no obvious differences in the mark indexes, grading indexes and the numbers of petechiae while the UARs between by weight and picture integration were significantly different (6.14±0.08%vs 27.64±0.31%, P<0.05; 6.56±0.07% vs 21.22±0.21%, P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: The degrees of the gastric ulcer can be accessed by weight, picture integration, marking and grading. Weighing is better for measuring the ulcer over the fourth grade while picture integration can be used in all the degrees. The sensitivity and accuracy of picture integration and weighing are higher than those of traditional marking and grading.
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Lee KH, Choi HR, Kim CH. Anti-angiogenic effect of the seed extract of Benincasa hispida Cogniaux. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 97:509-513. [PMID: 15740888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2004] [Revised: 11/12/2004] [Accepted: 12/07/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Benincasa hispida in Korea was used mainly diabetes and diuresis diseases. This study was carried out to evaluate anti-angiogenic effect of the seed extract of Benincasa hispida Cogniaux. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent angiogenic factor found in various tumors. In this study, we found that the seed extract of Benincasa hispida Cogniaux decreased bFGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, Benincasa hispida seed extract showed no cytotoxicity on HUVECs and normal fibroblast cells. Furthermore, the seed extract of Benincasa hispida showed a potent inhibitory effect on bFGF-induced angiogenesis in vivo. These results suggest that the seed extract of Benincasa hispida inhibits the proliferation of endothelial cells induced by bFGF, which may explain its anti-angiogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyong-Ho Lee
- Kolon Central Research Park, Yongin, Kyunggi-do 449-912, Korea
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Suba V, Murugesan T, Pal M, Mandal SC, Saha BP. Antiulcer activity of methanol fraction of Barleria lupulina Lindl. in animal models. Phytother Res 2005; 18:925-9. [PMID: 15597309 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the gastric cytoprotective activity of the methanol extract of aerial parts of the plant Barleria lupulina Lindl (Acanthaceae) in albino rats using various models of ulcers such as drug induced ulcers, restraint ulcers, duodenal ulcers and pylorus ligated ulcers. The effect of the extract on gastric secretion and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reacting substances TBARS) was also studied in rats. The extract at the tested dose of 200 mg/kg significantly reduced the volume of gastric juice, total acidity and the ulcer index in pylorus ligated rats. It also afforded significant protection against alcohol and indomethacin induced ulcer as well as stress induced ulceration. TBARS in the stomach of indomethacin treated rats was also reduced. In addition, it gave protection against duodenal ulcers. The study suggests that the methanol extract of aerial parts of Barleria lupulina Lindl. has a protective effect against experimental gastric and duodenal ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Suba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Calcutta-700 032, India
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Mazumder S, Morvan C, Thakur S, Ray B. Cell wall polysaccharides from chalkumra (Benincasa hispida) fruit. Part I. Isolation and characterization of pectins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:3556-3562. [PMID: 15161230 DOI: 10.1021/jf0343130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pectic polysaccharides were obtained from chalkumra (Benincasa hispida) fruit by sequential extraction with ammonium oxalate (fraction BOX), dilute acid (fraction BHCl), and cold dilute alkali (fraction BOH). The highest yield of polysaccharides was obtained with oxalate and HCl. BOX was enriched in partly methyl-esterified galacturonic acid, whereas BHCl and BOH contained mostly galactose. All of the extracts showed similar elution patterns in size exclusion chromatography although the intrinsic viscosities (eta) were different (132 +/- 6, 100 +/- 5, and 285 + 10 mL/g for BOX, BHCl, and BOH, respectively). From fractionation by anion exchange chromatography, homogalacturonan (as seen from sugar analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectrum) accounted for more than half of BOX and 11% of BHCl. Methylation analyses and hydrolysis of BHCl with endo-beta-(1-->4)-d-galactanase showed the presence of beta-(1-->4)-d-galactan. The neutral galactan represented more than 76% of BHCl and approximately 40% of BOH. The other polysaccharides were complex galactans in BOH and an acidic arabinan (<1%) in BOX and BHCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, WB 713 104, India
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