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Kashyap B, Khan A, Kapoor DN. Eugenol-Loaded Transethosomal Gel for Improved Skin Delivery and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:72. [PMID: 38575745 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a skin condition characterized by lichenification (thickening and increased skin marking), eczematous lesions, dry skin, itching, and pruritus. Eugenol is an aromatic polyphenolic compound that has attracted the attention of researchers due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer properties. The primary goal of the present study was to develop and evaluate eugenol-loaded transethosomes for the treatment of AD. Eugenol-loaded transethosomes were formulated using the ethanol injection method and subsequently subjected to particle size analysis, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, deformability index, and HRTEM analysis. Transethosomal gel was prepared by direct-dispersion method by using Carbopol 940®. Results showed transethosomes to be lipid bilayer structures with acceptable size, and high entrapment efficiency. Transethosomal formulation showed shear-thinning behavior. Eugenol-loaded transethosomal gel was significantly able to enhance the retention of the drug in the skin. Transethosomal gel was significantly able to reduce Ear thickness, DLC, TLC, and IL-6 levels in mice model of AD. These results indicate that the eugenol-loaded transethosomal gel could be a promising carrier for the topical administration of eugenol for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Kashyap
- Department of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, Solan, India, 173229
| | - Azhar Khan
- Department of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, Solan, India, 173229
| | - Deepak N Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India, 173229.
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Maurya DK, Sharma D. Culinary spices and herbs in managing early and long-COVID-19 complications: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4908-4931. [PMID: 37468320 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Human race is preparing for the upsurge and aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic complicated by novel variants, new waves, variable mortality rate, and post-COVID complications. Despite use of repurposed drugs, symptomatic treatments and licensing of multiple vaccines, the daily number of cases and rate of transmission are significant. Culinary spices and herbs have been historically used in pandemic and non-pandemic times to reduce respiratory viral burden. Specific food items and culinary spices can boost the levels of protective immunity and also offer therapeutic benefits against impervious bugs via well-known as well as less-known but scientifically testable mechanisms. Here, we analyzed the phytochemicals profile of Ayurvedic herbs and inferred from the clinical trials/observational studies to provide a focused and succinct perspective on the relevance of "food-based" traditional decoction to moderate COVID-19 disease and long-COVID via modulation of immunity and reinstatement of homeostasis. We also underscore the druggable targets in pathogenesis of COVID-19 which are relevant to the ongoing clinical trials using spices and herbs. This information will provide a strong scientific rationale for standardization of the traditional herbs-based therapies and adopting the use of herbs, spices, and their formulations for reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission, long-COVID symptoms, and COVID-19 disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Maurya
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Gengatharan A, Rahim MHA. The application of clove extracts as a potential functional component in active food packaging materials and model food systems: A mini-review. APPLIED FOOD RESEARCH 2023; 3:100283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.afres.2023.100283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Hobani YH, Mohan S, Shaheen E, Abdelhaleem A, Faruque Ahmad M, Bhatia S, Abou-Elhamd AS. Gastroprotective effect of low dose Eugenol in experimental rats against ethanol induced toxicity: Involvement of antiinflammatory and antioxidant mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115055. [PMID: 35101571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Syzygium aromaticum L. volatile oil (clove oil) has been traditionally used for various stomach disorders including inflammatory conditions. Eugenol is the major constituent present in the volatile oil, and it has been established as a gastroprotective agent through many published studies, but the exact and complete mechanism of ulcer protection is not delineated yet. Moreover, it plays precisely the opposite effect in higher dose in antiulcer properties with worsening the ulcer at a higher dose. AIM This study aims to carry out the prophylactic cytoprotective effect of eugenol with single low doses and explore the probable interrelated underlying transcriptional and translational level mechanism of cytoprotection such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, mucous generation in rats using ethanol-induced ulcer model. METHODS Rats were administered with different doses of eugenol before ethanol intragastrically. The effects of the eugenol on mucous production, Nitric oxide generation, PGE2 synthesis, lipid peroxidation were recorded together with cytokines measurement in the blood. TNF-α and IL-6, two key cytokines, were also studied in specific. In addition, studies on the immunohistochemical and gene expression of HSP70 and iNOS indicators have been conducted. RESULTS According to our findings, Eugenol substantially reduced the ulcer index and completely protected the mucosa from lesions. By restoring the lowered GSH and NP-SH levels, the protective effect of the eugenol was found to be augmented at both doses. This finding has corresponded to an increase in MDA, which was lowered by ethanol administration. Pre-treatment with eugenol on the ethanol-induced ulcer reduced the plasma NO levels and increased PGE2 along with a decreased TNF-α and IL-6 concentration. Additionally, significant transcriptional and translational upregulation of HSP70 and downregulation of iNOS were detected in the eugenol-treated rat stomach tissue. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that eugenol had a considerable gastroprotective impact at low doses, which could be attributed to its ability to regulate inflammatory reactions and antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Hasan Hobani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, PO Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, PO Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India.
| | - Emad Shaheen
- Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, PO Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymen Abdelhaleem
- Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, PO Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 33, Oman; School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Alaa Sayed Abou-Elhamd
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, PO Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
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Panahzadeh F, Mirnasuri R, Rahmati M. Exercise and Syzygium aromaticum reverse memory deficits, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 286:114871. [PMID: 34856360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common disease in the brain, is associated with cognitive and mitochondrial dysfunction. Emerging evidence suggests that endurance training and Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill and Perry (Myrtaceae) (commonly referred to as clove) are effective interventions to maintain oxidative balance and improve cognitive function. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training and clove oil affect spatial memory, apoptosis, mitochondrial homeostasis, and cognitive function in Alzheimer's rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS 81 rats were randomly assigned to 9 groups: Healthy (H), sham (sh), Healthy-exercise (HE), Healthy-clove (HC), Healthy-exercise-clove (HEC), Alzheimer's (A), Alzheimer's-exercise (AE), Alzheimer's-clove (AC), and Alzheimer's-exercise-clove (AEC). Alzheimer's induction was induced by the injection of 1-42 amyloid into the CA1 region of the hippocampus. The exercise training protocol was performed for 3 weeks, every day for 30 min in swimming training, and clove oil supplementation (0.1 mg/kg) was gavaged daily for 3 weeks in the supplement rat. Shuttle box test was used to measure spatial memory after the last training session, and to determine the mRNAs and protein levels and apoptosis, Real-Time PCR, immunofluorescent, and tunnel methods were used, respectively. RESULTS Alzheimer's caused a significant decrease in the PRDX6 and GCN5L1 mRNAs and protein levels and a significant increase in apoptosis in the hippocampus of the Alzheimer's group compared to the control group (P = 0.001). Alzheimer's also reduced the time delay in entering the dark environment and increased the time spent in the dark environment (P = 0.001). Following endurance training and consumption of clove oil, spatial memory (P = 0.001), apoptosis (P = 0.001) and mRNAs and protein levels of PRDX6 (P = 0.001) and GCN5L1 (P = 0.017), were recovered in AE, AC and AEC groups, as compared with A group. CONCLUSION Swimming training and consumption of clove can possibly be considered as an effective intervention to maintain oxidative balance and improve mitochondrial homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Panahzadeh
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Rahim Mirnasuri
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Ansariniaki M, Behnam B, Keyghobady S, Izadisabet F, Mirmohammadkhani M, Abdollahi M, Soleimani M. The effects of aromatherapy with clove essential oil on memory function of patients during electroconvulsive therapy: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Integr Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2022.102121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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ELKHADRAGY MF, AQEEL NSMA, YEHIA HM, ABDEL-GABER R, HAMED SS. Histological and molecular characterization of the protective effect of Eugenia caryophyllata against renal toxicity induced by vitamin D in male wistar rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.97522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Biopreservation of Shrimps Using Composed Edible Coatings from Chitosan Nanoparticles and Cloves Extract. J FOOD QUALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8878452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shrimps are highly valuable and perishable foodstuff that could be rapidly spoiled. Chitosan (Cht) was extracted and transformed into nanoparticles (NPs) via ionic gelation and fortified with cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) buds extract (CLE) for usage as antimicrobial composites against food-borne bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus) and as edible coating (EC) for shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) biopreservation throughout refrigerated storage. The synthesized CLE/Cht-NPs were electrostatically cross-linked and appeared with spherical shapes and homogenized distribution, with 159.4 nm mean size diameter and positive charge of 17.4 mV. The entire agents (Cht-NPs, CLE, and CLE/Cht-NPs) exhibited remarkable antibacterial activities toward all food-borne pathogens; CLE/Cht-NPs were significantly the most forceful. The scanning micrographs of treated S. typhimurium with CLE/Cht-NPs displayed NPs ability to attach and destroy bacterial cells. The ECs-treated shrimps exhibited sharp decrease in microbial groups load (aerobic microorganisms, E. coli, Enterobacteriaceae, and staphylococci) during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1°C) for 10 days. Additionally, the sensorial attributes (appearance, odor, color, and texture) of EC-treated samples preserved their elevated qualities for storage duration. The most effective EC blend contained 1.5% from Cht/NPs and 1.0% from CLE. The CLE/Cht-NPs could be impressively recommended as effectual natural composites for shrimps’ biopreservation during cold storage.
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Abstract
Alternate remedies with natural products provides unlimited opportunities for new drug development. These can be either as pure compounds or as standardized set of compounds. The phytochemicals and secondary metabolites are in great demand for screening bioactive compounds and plays an important role towards drug development. Natural products have many advantages over to synthetic chemical drugs. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) a Gram-negative bacteria has been classified as Class I carcinogen by World Health Organization in 1994. Current treatment regimens for H. pylori is ‘triple therapy’ administrated for two weeks which includes a combination of two antibiotics like Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) like Lansoprazole, and for ‘quadruple therapy’ in addition to antibiotics and a PPI, Bismuth is used. Antibiotic resistance can be named as the main factor for failure of treatment of H. pylori infection. The need of the hour is to develop a herbal remedy that could combat the growth of H. pylori. Probiotics can also be used as ‘feasible’ tool for H. pylori infection management. Present review is an attempt to briefly discuss about the pathogenicity, genetic predisposition, perturbation of gut microbiota due to antibiotic treatment and restoration of healthy gut microbiota with phytochemicals and probiotics.
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Islam MZ, Cho DK, Lee YT. Bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of tea infusion prepared from whole and ground medicinal herb parts. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2019.1702104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zahirul Islam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ki Cho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tack Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Oxidative Stress-Induced DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Clove Buds-Treated MCF-7 Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010139. [PMID: 31947708 PMCID: PMC7022383 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, several spices have been studied for their potential in the prevention and treatment of cancer. It is documented that spices have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects. The main mechanisms of spices action included apoptosis induction, proliferation, migration and invasion of tumour inhibition, and sensitization of tumours to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this study, the ability of clove buds extract (CBE) to induce oxidative stress, DNA damage, and stress/survival/apoptotic pathways modulation were analysed in MCF-7 cells. We demonstrated that CBE treatment induced intrinsic caspase-dependent cell death associated with increased oxidative stress mediated by oxygen and nitrogen radicals. We showed also the CBE-mediated release of mitochondrial pro-apoptotic factors, signalling of oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage with modulation of cell antioxidant SOD (superoxide dismutase) system, and modulation activity of the Akt, p38 MAPK, JNK and Erk 1/2 pathways.
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Bactericidal Effect of Clove Oil against Multidrug-Resistant Streptococcus suis Isolated from Human Patients and Slaughtered Pigs. Pathogens 2019; 9:pathogens9010014. [PMID: 31877814 PMCID: PMC7169397 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that is currently considered an emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR). Increasing antibiotic resistance can lead to the unsuccessful treatment of S. suis infection. Recently, many investigations of medicinal plants were conducted for the treatment of infection as a result of the increase of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aims of this study were to determine the chemical composition of essential oil from Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry and the antibacterial activities of clove oil on MDR S. suis. Using gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer, eugenol (97.76%) was found to be the major active ingredient of clove oil. In vitro antibacterial activities of clove oil against MDR S. suis were evaluated. Using the agar disc diffusion test, the clove oil showed a maximum zone of inhibition at 15% (v/v) oil concentration. In a broth microdilution method, the minimum bactericidal concentration of clove oil against all MDR S. suis isolates was 0.1% (v/v). A time-kill analysis was performed, and the killing kinetics of clove oil showed that MDR S. suis was completely reduced after 15 min of exposure to clove oil. In addition, clove oil exhibited a strong antibacterial activity at all pH values applied following incubation of MDR S. suis in pH-adjusted media with clove oil. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy revealed the nonviable S. suis isolates clearly showed atypical form and cell membrane lysis after incubation with clove oil. This study confirms the efficacy of clove oil as a natural antimicrobial against MDR S. suis and suggests the possibility of employing it as a promising alternative product for control of infectious diseases caused by S. suis in animal and human patients.
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Efficacy of β-caryophyllene for periodontal disease related factors. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 100:113-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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El-Kady AM, Ahmad AA, Hassan TM, El-Deek HEM, Fouad SS, Althagfan SS. Eugenol, a potential schistosomicidal agent with anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects against Schistosoma mansoni, induced liver pathology. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:709-719. [PMID: 30992676 PMCID: PMC6445185 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s196544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in developing countries. Although chemotherapy is one of the main strategies in controlling the disease, it is less effective in reversal of schistosome-induced pathology especially in the chronic and advanced stages of schistosomiasis. New strategies and prospective therapeutic agents with antifibrotic effects are needed. Eugenol has a wide anti-inflammatory effect. In the present study, we investigated the possible antischistosomal effect of eugenol on Schistosoma mansoni. Materials and methods The murine model of S. mansoni was established in three groups of adult male Balb-c mice; group I (infected non-treated group) and groups II and III (infected groups) treated orally with eugenol and praziquantel (PZQ), respectively. The expression of the sensitive immunohistochemical marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in schistosome-infected tissues was determined. In addition, parasitological, biochemical, and histological parameters that reflect disease severity and morbidity were examined. Results Eugenol treatment showed significant reduction in total worm burden by 19.2%; however, the oogram pattern showed no marked difference compared to that of the PZQ group. Yet, eugenol significantly reduced the serum levels of hepatic enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Histopathological examination revealed a significant reduction in both numbers and diameters of hepatic granulomata, which was consistent with reduction in collagen fiber deposition. Additionally, the antifibrotic effect of eugenol was validated by its considerable reduction in the expression of the sensitive marker α-SMA in both eugenol- and PZQ-treated groups. Conclusion Although eugenol could not totally eradicate adults of S. mansoni, the significant amelioration of liver enzymes and hepatic fibrosis potentiate eugenol’s role as a promising antifibrotic and a complementary antischistosomal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M El-Kady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt,
| | | | - Tasneem M Hassan
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Heba E M El-Deek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Samer S Fouad
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Sultan S Althagfan
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
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Eugenol as a Promising Molecule for the Treatment of Dermatitis: Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities and Its Nanoformulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8194849. [PMID: 30647816 PMCID: PMC6311755 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8194849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Contact dermatitis produces an inflammatory reaction primarily via stimulation of keratinocytes and cells of the immune system, which promote the release of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and other chemical mediators. Eugenol (EUG, phenylpropanoid of essential oils) has attracted attention due to its anti-inflammatory properties, as well as antioxidant effect. On the other hand, it is volatile and insoluble and is a skin irritant. In this case, nanostructured systems have been successfully employed as a drug carrier for skin diseases since they improve both biological and pharmaceutical properties of active compounds. The cytotoxic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of EUG were assessed in human neutrophils and keratinocytes. Additionally, polymeric nanocarries (NCEUG) were prepared to improve the chemical and irritant characteristics of EUG. EUG presented apparent safety and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on human neutrophils, but presented cytotoxic effects on keratinocytes. However, the nanocapsules were able to reduce its cytotoxicity. An in vivo experiment of irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) in mice induced by TPA showed that NCEUG reduced significantly the ear edema in mice when compared to the EUG solution, as well as the leukocyte infiltration and IL-6 level, possibly due to better skin permeation and irritancy blockage. These findings suggest that EUG is a promising bioactive molecule, and its nanoencapsulation seems to be an interesting approach for the treatment of ICD.
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Yoo HJ, Jwa SK. Inhibitory effects of β-caryophyllene on Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 88:42-46. [PMID: 29407750 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The biofilm of Streptococcus mutans is associated with induction of dental caries. Also, they produce glucan as an extracellular polysaccharide through glucosyltransferases and help the formation of cariogenic biofilm. β-caryophyllene has been used for therapeutic agent in traditional medicine and has antimicrobial activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of β-caryophyllene on S. mutans biofilm and the expression of biofilm-related factor. DESIGN The susceptibility assay of S. mutans for β-caryophyllene was performed to investigate inhibitory concentration for S. mutans growth. To evaluated the effect of β-caryophyllene on S. mutans biofilm, β-caryophyllene was treated on S. mutans in the various concentrations before or after the biofilm formation. Live S. mutans in the biofilm was counted by inoculating on Mitis-salivarius agar plate, and S. mutans biofilm was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscope after staining bacterial live/dead staining kit. Finally, the expression of glucosyltransferases of S. mutans was investigated by real-time RT-PCR after treating with β-caryophyllene at the non-killing concentration of S. mutans. RESULTS The growth of S. mutans was inhibited by β-caryophyllene in above concentration of 0.078%, S. mutans biofilm was inhibited by β-caryophyllene in above 0.32%. Also, 2.5% of β-caryophyllene showed anti-biofilm activity for S. mutans biofilm. β-caryophyllene reduced the expression of gtf genes at a non-killing concentration for S. mutans. On the basis on these results, β-caryophyllene may have anti-biofilm activity and the inhibitory effect on biofilm related factor. CONCLUSIONS β-caryophyllene may inhibit cariogenic biofilm and may be a candidate agent for prevention of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Yoo
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kyung Jwa
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Daegu Health College, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Hwang E, Lin P, Ngo HTT, Yi TH. Clove attenuates UVB-induced photodamage and repairs skin barrier function in hairless mice. Food Funct 2018; 9:4936-4947. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00843d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Syzygium aromaticum L., commonly named clove, is widely used in the food industry due to its antioxidant and antibacterial capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunson Hwang
- College of Life Science
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin-si
- Republic of Korea
| | - Pei Lin
- College of Life Science
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin-si
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hien T. T. Ngo
- College of Life Science
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin-si
- Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- College of Life Science
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin-si
- Republic of Korea
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Affonso RS, Lima JA, Lessa BM, Caetano JVO, Obara MT, Nóbrega AB, Nepovimova E, Musilek K, Kuca K, Slana GBCA, França TCC. Quantification through TLC-densitometric analysis, repellency and anticholinesterase activity of the homemade extract of Indian cloves. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [PMID: 28913959 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The rise of the mosquitoes-transmitted diseases, like dengue, zika and chikungunya in Brazil in the last years has increased concerns on protection against mosquitoes bites. However, the prohibitive prices of the commercially available repellents for the majority of the Brazilian population has provoked a search for cheaper solutions, like the use of the homemade ethanolic extract of Indian clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) as repellent, which has been reported as quite efficient by the local press. In order to verify this, we performed here the quantification of the main components of this extract through high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-densitometry and evaluated its efficiency as a repellent and its acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition capacity. Our results have proved HPTLC-densitometry as an efficient and appropriate method for this quantification and confirmed the repellency activity, as well as its capacity of AChE inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael S Affonso
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to the Chemical and Biological Defense, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Josélia A Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to the Chemical and Biological Defense, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Lessa
- Biodiversity Chemistry Laboratory, Phytomedicine Agroecological Platform, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos T Obara
- University of Brasília, University of Brasilia, Nucleus of tropical medicine, Brazil
| | - Andréa B Nóbrega
- Biodiversity Chemistry Laboratory, Phytomedicine Agroecological Platform, Brazil
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- University Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- University Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,University Hospital, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- University Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Gláucia B C A Slana
- Biodiversity Chemistry Laboratory, Phytomedicine Agroecological Platform, Brazil.,National Institute of Intellectual Property, Brazil
| | - Tanos C C França
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to the Chemical and Biological Defense, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Han NR, Moon PD, Ryu KJ, Jang JB, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. β-eudesmol suppresses allergic reactions via inhibiting mast cell degranulation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:257-265. [PMID: 27862161 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory effect of β-eudesmol, which is an active constituent of Pyeongwee-San (KMP6), is evaluated for allergic reactions induced by mast cell degranulation. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated human mast cell line, HMC-1 cells, and compound 48/80-stimulated rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) are used as the in vitro models; mice models of systemic anaphylaxis, ear swelling, and IgE-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) are used as the in vivo allergic models. The results demonstrate that β-eudesmol suppressed the histamine and tryptase releases from the PMA plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated HMC-1 cells. β-eudesmol inhibits the expression and activity of histidine decarboxylase in the activated HMC-1 cells. In addition, β-eudesmol inhibits the levels of histamine and tryptase released from the compound 48/80-stimulated RPMCs. Furthermore, β-eudesmol decreases the intracellular calcium level in the activated RPMCs. β-eudesmol also decreases the compound 48/80-induced mortality and ear swelling response. β-eudesmol suppresses the serum levels of histamine, IgE, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) under PCA mice as well as PCA reactions. Therefore, the results from this study indicate the potential of β-eudesmol as an anti-allergic drug with respect to its pharmacological properties against mast cell-mediated allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Phil-Dong Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka-Jung Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Bum Jang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Inflammatory Disease Research Centre, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Department of Food Science & Technology and Research Institute for Basic Science, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam, Korea
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Sureshkumar J, Silambarasan R, Ayyanar M. An ethnopharmacological analysis of medicinal plants used by the Adiyan community in Wayanad district of Kerala, India. Eur J Integr Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ryu B, Kim HM, Woo JH, Choi JH, Jang DS. A new acetophenone glycoside from the flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (cloves). Fitoterapia 2016; 115:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Inhibitory effect of clove methanolic extract and eugenol on dendritic cell functions. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Ryu B, Kim HM, Lee JS, Lee CK, Sezirahiga J, Woo JH, Choi JH, Jang DS. New Flavonol Glucuronides from the Flower Buds of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:3048-3053. [PMID: 27045836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Repeated chromatography of the EtOAc-soluble fraction from the 70% EtOH extract of the flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) led to the isolation and characterization of four new flavonol glucuronides, rhamnetin-3-O-β-d-glucuronide (1), rhamnazin-3-O-β-d-glucuronide (2), rhamnazin-3-O-β-d-glucuronide-6″-methyl ester (3), and rhamnocitrin-3-O-β-d-glucuronide-6″-methyl ester (4), together with 15 flavonoids (5-19) having previously known chemical structures. The structures of the new compounds 1-4 were determined by interpretation of spectroscopic data, particularly by 1D- and 2D-NMR studies. Six flavonoids (6, 7, 9, 14, 18, and 19) were isolated from the flower buds of S. aromaticum for the first time in this study. The flavonoids were examined for their cytotoxicity against human ovarian cancer cells (A2780) using MTT assays. Among the isolates, pachypodol (19) showed the most potent cytotoxicity on A2780 cells with an IC50 value of 8.02 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeol Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and ‡College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Mi Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and ‡College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Su Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and ‡College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Kyu Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and ‡College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jurdas Sezirahiga
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and ‡College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Woo
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and ‡College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and ‡College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and ‡College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Mishra RK, Singh SK. Biphasic effect of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud on reproductive physiology of male mice. Andrologia 2016; 48:923-932. [PMID: 26840772 DOI: 10.1111/and.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) have been used for the treatment of male sexual disorders in indigenous medicines of Indian subcontinent. Therefore to evaluate the efficacy of Syzygium aromaticum on the male reproductive health, chronic oral exposure of aqueous extract of flower buds of Syzygium in three doses (15 mg, 30 mg and 60 mg kg-1 BW) were studied for a single spermatogenic cycle (35 days) in Parkes (P) strain mice. Lower dose (15 mg) of Syzygium aromaticum flower buds increased serum testosterone level and testicular hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) activities and improved sperm motility, sperm morphology, secretory activity of epididymis and seminal vesicle, and number of litters per female. On the other hand, higher doses (30 and 60 mg) of the treatment adversely affected above parameters. Further, higher doses of the extract also had adverse effects on daily sperm production, 1C cell population and on histology of testis. In conclusion, Syzygium aromaticum flower buds extract exhibits biphasic effect on reproductive physiology of male mice. Lower dose of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud extract is androgenic in nature and may have a viable future as an indigenous sexual rejuvenator, while higher doses adversely affected functional physiology of reproductive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Zoology, Smt. Chandibai Himathmal Mansukhani College, University of Mumbai, Ulhasnagar, Thane, Maharashtra, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Shakeri F, Boskabady MH. A review of the relaxant effect of various medicinal plants on tracheal smooth muscle, their possible mechanism(s) and potency. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:528-548. [PMID: 26456328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The therapeutic effects of the medicinal plants described in the current review on obstructive pulmonary diseases have found mention in ancient Iranian medical texts and in traditional folk medicine. These effects are attributed to their bronchodilatory activity, which relaxes the smooth muscles of the airway. Therefore, in the present review, the relaxant effects of various extracts, fractions and constituents of medicinal plants on tracheal smooth muscle are reviewed in light of their therapeutic effects on obstructive pulmonary diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS The online literature was searched using Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science and SID (for articles written in Persian). Moreover, local books on ethnopharmacology from 1918 to 2014 were searched with keywords such as tracheal smooth muscle, airway smooth muscle, relaxant effect, bronchodilatory effect and related mechanisms to identify studies on the relaxant effects of medicinal plants on tracheal smooth muscle and the possible mechanism(s) of these effects. RESULTS All studied plants showed significant relaxant effects on tracheal smooth muscle, which were similar or superior to the effect of theophylline at the used concentrations. According to the results, most of these plants also showed an inhibitory effect on muscarinic and histamine (H1) receptors, whereas some plants showed more pronounced stimulatory effects on the beta-adrenergic receptor. Some of the studied plants also showed inhibitory effects on calcium and potassium channels. CONCLUSION The present article reviewed the relaxant effects of several medicinal plants on tracheal smooth muscle, which were comparable or superior to the effect of theophylline at the studied concentration. The possible mechanisms of the relaxant effects of the studied medicinal plants and a comparison of these effects were also reviewed. This review presents the fractions and constituents of plants with potent relaxant effects on tracheal smooth muscle, which can be used to treat obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Shakeri
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
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Isolation, Characterization, Crystal Structure Elucidation of Two Flavanones and Simultaneous RP-HPLC Determination of Five Major Compounds from Syzygium campanulatum Korth. Molecules 2015; 20:14212-33. [PMID: 26248073 PMCID: PMC6331876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200814212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Two flavanones named (2S)-7-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-6,8-dimethyl flavanone (1), (S)-5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-flavanone (2), along with known chalcone, namely, (E)-2ʹ,4ʹ-dihydroxy-6ʹ-methoxy-3ʹ,5ʹ-dimethylchalcone (3) and two triterpenoids, namely, betulinic and ursolic acids (4 and 5), were isolated from the leaves of Syzygium campanulatum Korth (Myrtaceae). The structures of compounds (1 and 2) were determined on the basis of UV-visible, FTIR, NMR spectroscopies and LC-EIMS analytical techniques. Furthermore, new, simple, precise, selective, accurate, highly sensitive, efficient and reproducible RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of the compounds (1–5) from S. campanulatum plants of five different age. RP-HPLC method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity (r2 ≤ 0.999), precision (2.0% RSD), and recoveries (94.4%–105%). The LOD and LOQ of these compounds ranged from 0.13–0.38 and 0.10–2.23 µg·mL−1, respectively. Anti-proliferative activity of isolated flavanones (1 and 2) and standardized extract of S. campanulatum was evaluated on human colon cancer (HCT 116) cell line. Compounds (1 and 2) and extract revealed potent and dose-dependent activity with IC50 67.6, 132.9 and 93.4 µg·mL−1, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on isolation, characterization, X-ray crystallographic analysis of compounds (1 and 2) and simultaneous RP-HPLC determination of five major compounds (1–5) from different age of S. campanulatum plants.
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Thosar N, Basak S, Bahadure RN, Rajurkar M. Antimicrobial efficacy of five essential oils against oral pathogens: An in vitro study. Eur J Dent 2014; 7:S071-S077. [PMID: 24966732 PMCID: PMC4054083 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.119078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study was aimed to find out the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of five essential oils against oral pathogens and to find out the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of five essential oils against oral pathogens. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activities by detecting MIC and MBC/MFC of five essential oils such as tea tree oil, lavender oil, thyme oil, peppermint oil and eugenol oil were evaluated against four common oral pathogens by broth dilution method. The strains used for the study were Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus fecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028. Results: Out of five essential oils, eugenol oil, peppermint oil, tea tree oil exhibited significant inhibitory effect with mean MIC of 0.62 ± 0.45, 9.00 ± 15.34, 17.12 ± 31.25 subsequently. Mean MBC/MFC for tea tree oil was 17.12 ± 31.25, for lavender oil 151.00 ± 241.82, for thyme oil 22.00 ± 12.00, for peppermint oil 9.75 ± 14.88 and for eugenol oil 0.62 ± 0.45. E. fecalis exhibited low degree of sensitivity compared with all essential oils. Conclusion: Peppermint, tea tree and thyme oil can act as an effective intracanal antiseptic solution against oral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilima Thosar
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Silpi Basak
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Monali Rajurkar
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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La Torre A, Mandalà C, Pezza L, Caradonia F, Battaglia V. Evaluation of essential plant oils for the control ofPlasmopara viticola. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2014.889049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Radha krishnan K, Sivarajan M, Babuskin S, Archana G, Azhagu Saravana Babu P, Sukumar M. Kinetic modeling of spice extraction from S. aromaticum and C. cassia. J FOOD ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rezende WP, Borges LL, Alves NM, Ferri PH, Paula JR. Chemical variability in the essential oils from leaves of Syzygium jambos. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2013005000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hosseini M, Jafarianheris T, Seddighi N, Parvaneh M, Ghorbani A, Sadeghnia HR, Rakhshandeh H. Effects of different extracts of Eugenia caryophyllata on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice. ZHONG XI YI JIE HE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF CHINESE INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 10:1476-81. [PMID: 23257144 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20121222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible anticonvulsant effect of different extracts of Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in mice. METHODS The animals were divided into saline, 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg of aqueous extract, 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg of ethanolic extract, and 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg of chloroformic extract of clove groups. The extracts or saline were injected 60 min before each PTZ injection. Latency to the first minimal clonic seizure (MCS) and generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS) and the percent of mortality were recorded. RESULTS Aqueous extract of clove at doses of 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg significantly extended the MCS and GTCS latency (P<0.05). The MCS latency in mice treated with 50, 100 and 250 mg/kg of the ethanolic extract was significantly increased (P<0.05). The GTCS latency in mice treated with 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg of ethanolic extract was significantly higher than that of the saline-treated group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in MCS and GTCS latency between mice treated with different chloroformic extract of clove or saline. CONCLUSION The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of clove could inhibit the PTZ-induced convulsion, and this plant has the potential to be used as a new therapeutic agent for control of seizures. The exact mechanisms and the active compounds that are responsible for the anticonvulsive effect need to be clarified in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Hosseini
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Mahajan SG, Mehta AA. Inhibitory Action of Ethanolic Extract of Seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. On Systemic and Local Anaphylaxis. J Immunotoxicol 2012; 4:287-94. [PMID: 18958739 DOI: 10.1080/15476910701680137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study characterizes the mechanism by which the seed extract of Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) decreases the mast cell-mediated immediate type hypersensitivity reaction. The immediate type hypersensitivity reaction is involved in many allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. Moringa oleifera, a shrub widely used in the traditional medicine in India, has been reported to possess anti-cancer, hypotensive, anti-arthritic, and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, the effects of the ethanolic extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera (MOEE-herbal remedy) on systemic and local anaphylaxis were investigated. The potential anti-anaphylactic effect of MOEE was studied in a mouse model of Compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic shock. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis activated by anti IgE-antibody was also used to assess the effect of MOEE. In addition, rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) were used to investigate the effect of MOEE on histamine release induced by compound 48/80. When administered 1 hr before 48/80 injection, MOEE at doses of 0.001-1.000 g/kg completely inhibited the inducible induced anaphylactic shock. MOEE significantly inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis activated by anti-IgE antibody at a dose of 1 g/kg. When MOEE extract was given as pretreatment at concentrations ranging 0.1-100 mg/ml, the histamine release from the mast cells that was induced by the 48/80 was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest a potential role for MOEE as a source of anti-anaphylactic agents for use in allergic disorders.
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Krishnan T, Yin WF, Chan KG. Inhibition of quorum sensing-controlled virulence factor production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by Ayurveda spice clove (Syzygium aromaticum) bud extract. SENSORS 2012; 12:4016-30. [PMID: 22666015 PMCID: PMC3355396 DOI: 10.3390/s120404016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing controls the virulence determinants in most proteobacteria. In this work, the hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts of an Ayurveda spice, namely clove (Syzygium aromaticum), shown anti-quorum sensing activity. Hexane and methanol extracts of clove inhibited the response of C. violaceum CV026 to exogenously supplied N‐hexanoylhomoserine lactone, in turn preventing violacein production. Chloroform and methanol extracts of clove significantly reduced bioluminescence production by E. coli [pSB1075] grown in the presence of N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone. We demonstrated that clove extract inhibited quorum sensing-regulated phenotypes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, including expression of lecA::lux (by hexane extract), swarming (maximum inhibition by methanol extract), pyocyanin (maximum inhibition by hexane extract). This study shows that the presence of natural compounds that exhibit anti-quorum sensing activity in the clove extracts may be useful as the lead of anti-infective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiba Krishnan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Bachiega TF, de Sousa JPB, Bastos JK, Sforcin JM. Clove and eugenol in noncytotoxic concentrations exert immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory action on cytokine production by murine macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:610-6. [PMID: 22420667 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The extract and essential oil of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) are widely used because of their medicinal properties. Eugenol is the most important component of clove, showing several biological properties. Herein we have analysed the immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory effect of clove and eugenol on cytokine production (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) in vitro. METHODS Macrophages were incubated with clove or eugenol (5, 10, 25, 50 or 100µg/well) for 24h. Concentrations that inhibited the production of cytokines were used before or after incubation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to verify a preventive or therapeutic effect. Culture supernatants were harvested for measurement of cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. KEY FINDINGS Clove (100µg/well) inhibited IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 production and exerted an efficient action either before or after LPS challenge for all cytokines. Eugenol did not affect IL-1β production but inhibited IL-6 and IL-10 production. The action of eugenol (50 or 100µg/well) on IL-6 production prevented efficiently effects of LPS either before or after its addition, whereas on IL-10 production it counteracted significantly LPS action when added after LPS incubation. CONCLUSIONS Clove exerted immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting LPS action. A possible mechanism of action probably involved the suppression of the nuclear factor-κB pathway by eugenol, since it was the major compound found in clove extract.
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HASSANI ABBAS, FATHI ZOHREH, GHOSTA YOUBERT, ABDOLLAHI ALI, MESHKATALSADAT MOHAMMADHADI, MARANDI RASULJALILI. EVALUATION OF PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS FOR CONTROL OF POSTHARVEST BROWN AND GRAY MOLD ROTS ON APRICOT. J Food Saf 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2011.00353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rana IS, Rana AS, Rajak RC. Evaluation of antifungal activity in essential oil of the Syzygium aromaticum (L.) by extraction, purification and analysis of its main component eugenol. Braz J Microbiol 2011; 42:1269-77. [PMID: 24031751 PMCID: PMC3768706 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822011000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antifungal properties of some essential oils have been well documented. Clove oil is reported to have strong antifungal activity against many fungal species. In this study we have evaluated antifungal potential of essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) against some common fungal pathogens of plants and animals namely, Fusarium moniliforme NCIM 1100, Fusarium oxysporum MTCC 284, Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp., Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum gypseum. All fungal species were found to be inhibited by the oil when tested through agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for all the species. Column chromatography was performed to separate the eugenol rich fraction from clove oil. Out of seven fractions maximum activity was obtained in column fraction II. TLC and HPLC data confirmed presence of considerable Eugenol in fraction II and clove oil. Microscopic study on effect of clove oil and column fraction II on spores of Mucor sp. and M. gypseum showed distortion and shrinkage while it was absent in other column fractions. So it can be concluded that the antifungal action of clove oil is due to its high eugenol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inder Singh Rana
- Research & Development Center, Kilpest India Ltd. , Govindpura, Bhopal-462023 , India
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Hypoglycemic effects of clove (Syzygium aromaticum flower buds) on genetically diabetic KK-Ay mice and identification of the active ingredients. J Nat Med 2011; 66:394-9. [PMID: 21987283 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Clove (Syzygium aromaticum flower buds) EtOH extract significantly suppressed an increase in blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic KK-A(y) mice. In-vitro evaluation showed the extract had human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ ligand-binding activity in a GAL4-PPAR-γ chimera assay. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the EtOH extract resulted in the isolation of eight compounds, of which dehydrodieugenol (2) and dehydrodieugenol B (3) had potent PPAR-γ ligand-binding activities, whereas oleanolic acid (4), a major constituent in the EtOH extract, had moderate activity. Furthermore, 2 and 3 were shown to stimulate 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation through PPAR-γ activation. These results indicate that clove has potential as a functional food ingredient for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and that 2-4 mainly contribute to its hypoglycemic effects via PPAR-γ activation.
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Mali RG, Dhake AS. A review on herbal antiasthmatics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 11:77-90. [PMID: 22207824 PMCID: PMC3245822 DOI: 10.1007/s13596-011-0019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In traditional systems of medicine, many plants have been documented to be useful for the treatment of various respiratory disorders including asthma. In the last two decades the use of medicinal plants and natural products has been increased dramatically all over the world. Current synthetic drugs used in pharmacotherapy of asthma are unable to act at all the stages and targets of asthma. However some herbal alternatives employed in asthma are proven to provide symptomatic relief and assist in the inhibition of disease progression also. The herbs have shown interesting results in various target specific biological activities such as bronchodilation, mast cell stabilization, anti-anaphylactic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, anti-allergic, immunomodulatory and inhibition of mediators such as leukotrienes, lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, platelet activating, phosphodiesterase and cytokine, in the treatment of asthma. This paper is an attempt to classify these pharmacological and clinical findings based on their possible mechanism of action reported. It also signifies the need for development of polyherbal formulations containing various herbs acting at particular sites of the pathophysiological cascade of asthma for prophylaxis as well as for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra G. Mali
- L. B. Rao Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shri B. D. Rao College Campus, Khambhat, 388 620 India
- Department of Pharmacognosy, L. B. Rao Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Khambhat, 388 620 Gujarat India
| | - Avinash S. Dhake
- S.M.B.T. College of Pharmacy, Dhamangaon, Tal: Igatpuri, Nashik, 422 403 India
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Santin JR, Lemos M, Klein-Júnior LC, Machado ID, Costa P, de Oliveira AP, Tilia C, de Souza JP, de Sousa JPB, Bastos JK, de Andrade SF. Gastroprotective activity of essential oil of the Syzygium aromaticum and its major component eugenol in different animal models. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010; 383:149-58. [PMID: 21140134 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Bachiega TF, Orsatti CL, Pagliarone AC, Missima F, Sousa JPB, Bastos JK, Sforcin JM. Th1/Th2 cytokine production by clove-treated mice. Nat Prod Res 2010; 23:1552-8. [PMID: 19844828 DOI: 10.1080/14786410902809328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although clove possesses several biological and therapeutic properties, its immunomodulatory action has not been fully investigated. The goal of this work was to investigate the effect of administration of the water extract of clove over a short-term to BALB/c mice on Th1 (IFN-gamma and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine production. After treatment, spleen cells were aseptically removed and cells were stimulated with concanavalin A. Supernatants of cell cultures were used for cytokine determination by ELISA. The chemical composition of the extract was also carried out, revealing that eugenol(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) was the major component in our sample. Although the anti-inflammatory action of clove has been mentioned, our data showed that clove administration to mice did not influence the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. Further studies dealing with cytokine expression and production will provide a better understanding of clove's immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions, using different extract concentrations and different intake periods.
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Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud (Clove) against fish systemic bacteria isolated from aquaculture sites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11703-009-0052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rodrigues TG, Fernandes A, Sousa JPB, Bastos JK, Sforcin JM. In vitro and in vivo effects of clove on pro-inflammatory cytokines production by macrophages. Nat Prod Res 2009; 23:319-26. [PMID: 19296372 DOI: 10.1080/14786410802242679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biological properties of clove have been reported, but little is known about its effect on the immune system. This work was aimed to investigate the effect in vivo of a water-soluble part of hydroalcoholic extract of clove on pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta and IL-6) production by macrophages of BALB/c mice. The action of the essential oil of clove on the production of these cytokines macrophages was also investigated in vitro. The chemical compositions of the extract and of the oil were also investigated. Treatment of mice with water extract of clove was found to inhibit macrophages to produce both IL-1beta and IL-6. The essential oil of clove also inhibited the production of these cytokines in vitro. Eugenol was found to be the major component of the clove extract and essential oil, and probably is the causative agent of cytokine inhibition. Taken together, these data suggest an anti-inflammatory action of this spice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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45
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Mishra RK, Singh SK. Safety assessment of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud (clove) extract with respect to testicular function in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:3333-8. [PMID: 18765266 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Revised: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (clove), a common food flavor, have been used as indigenous medicine for the treatment of male sexual disorders in Asian countries. However, the possible mechanism(s) by which it acts at testicular level remain obscure. Therefore, to investigate its effect on testicular function, chronic oral exposure of hexane extract of flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum in three doses (15 mg, 30 mg, and 60 mg/kg BW) were evaluated for a single spermatogenic cycle (35 days) in Parkes (P) strain mice. The treatment did not induce systemic toxicity at the doses tested. Lower dose (15 mg) of the extract increased the activities of Delta(5) 3 beta-HSD and 17 beta-HSD, and serum level of testosterone. The higher doses (30 and 60 mg) of extract inhibited these parameters and induced non-uniform degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules associated with decrease in daily sperm production and depletion of 1C (round and elongated spermatids) population. Taken together these results suggest biphasic action of hexane extract of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud on testicular function, thereby advocating a cautious use of the flower bud as an aphrodisiac in indigenous systems of medicine in Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Kumar Mishra
- Reproductive Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Chaieb K, Zmantar T, Ksouri R, Hajlaoui H, Mahdouani K, Abdelly C, Bakhrouf A. Antioxidant properties of the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata and its antifungal activity against a large number of clinical Candida species. Mycoses 2008; 50:403-6. [PMID: 17714361 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2007.01391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many essential oils are known to possess an antioxidant activity and antifungal properties and therefore they potentially act as antimycotic agents. Essential oil of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) was isolated by hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. The antioxidant effect of the tested oil was evaluated by measuring its 2,2-diphenyl-l-1-picrylhydrazil radical scavenging ability and the antiradical dose required to cause a 50% inhibition (IC50) was recorded. The antifungal activity of essential oils was evaluated against 53 human pathogenic yeasts using a disc paper diffusion method. Our results show that the major components present in the clove bund oil were eugenol (88.6%), eugenyl acetate (5.6%), beta-caryophyllene (1.4%) and 2-heptanone (0.9%). The tested essential oil exhibited a very strong radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.2 microg ml-1) when compared with the synthetic antioxidant (tert-butylated hydroxytoluene, IC50 = 11.5 microg ml-1). On the other hand, this species displayed an important antifungal effect against the tested strains. It is clear that clove oil shows powerful antifungal activity; and it can be used as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidants and in pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Chaieb
- Laboratoire d'Analyses et de Contrôle des Polluants Chimiques et Microbiologique de l'Environnement, Faculté de Pharmacie, Monastir, Tunisie.
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Chaieb K, Hajlaoui H, Zmantar T, Kahla-Nakbi AB, Rouabhia M, Mahdouani K, Bakhrouf A. The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): a short review. Phytother Res 2007; 21:501-6. [PMID: 17380552 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The essential oil extracted from the dried flower buds of clove, Eugenia caryophyllata L. Merr. & Perry (Myrtaceae), is used as a topical application to relieve pain and to promote healing and also finds use in the fragrance and flavouring industries. The main constituents of the essential oil are phenylpropanoids such as carvacrol, thymol, eugenol and cinnamaldehyde. The biological activity of Eugenia caryophyllata has been investigated on several microorganisms and parasites, including pathogenic bacteria, Herpes simplex and hepatitis C viruses. In addition to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal and antiviral activity, clove essential oil possesses antiinflammatory, cytotoxic, insect repellent and anaesthetic properties. This short review addresses the chemical composition and biological effects of clove essential oil, and includes new results from GC/MS analysis and a study of its antimicrobial activity against a large number of multi-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from dialysis biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Chaieb
- Laboratoire d'Analyses, Traitement et Valorisation des Polluants de l'Environnement et des Produits, Faculté de Pharmacie, rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie.
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Avila-Peña D, Peña N, Quintero L, Suárez-Roca H. Antinociceptive activity of Syzygium jambos leaves extract on rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 112:380-5. [PMID: 17478066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Revised: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston (Myrtaceae) (syn Eugenia jambos) is a widespread medicinal plant traditionally used in sub-Saharan Africa to treat several diseases. The analgesic potential of leaf hydro-alcoholic extracts was assessed in rats. Hot plate and formalin tests were used to estimate cutaneous nociception whereas measurements of forelimb grip force were done to assess muscular nociception under normal and inflammatory conditions. In the hot plate test, Syzygium jambos extract produced a significant increase in the withdrawal response latencies in a dose-dependant manner (10-300 mg/kg i.p.) and with a maximal effect (analgesic efficacy) similar to that of morphine. The extract (100-300 mg/kg i.p.) significantly reduced pain scores in all the phases of the formalin test with an analgesic efficacy higher than that shown by diclofenac. Although the extract (300 mg/kg) did not alter grip force in intact rats, it reversed the reduction in grip force induced by bilateral injection carrageenan in the forelimb triceps. This analgesic effect of the extract on muscle hyperalgesia was not antagonized, but enhanced, by naloxone. Thus, the Syzygium jambos extract has remarkable analgesic effects on both cutaneous and deep muscle pain that is not mediated by opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Avila-Peña
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Faculty of Science, University of Zulia, PO Box 526, Maracaibo 4001-A, Venezuela.
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Brito FA, Lima LA, Ramos MFS, Nakamura MJ, Cavalher-Machado SC, Siani AC, Henriques MGMO, Sampaio ALF. Pharmacological study of anti-allergic activity of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels. Braz J Med Biol Res 2007; 40:105-15. [PMID: 17225003 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2007000100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2005] [Accepted: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myrtaceae is a plant family widely used in folk medicine and Syzygium and Eugenia are among the most important genera. We investigated the anti-allergic properties of an aqueous leaf extract of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (SC). HPLC analysis revealed that hydrolyzable tannins and flavonoids are the major components of the extract. Oral administration of SC (25-100 mg/kg) in Swiss mice (20-25 g; N = 7/group) inhibited paw edema induced by compound 48/80 (50% inhibition, 100 mg/kg; P <or= 0.05) and, to a lesser extent, the allergic paw edema (23% inhibition, 100 mg/kg; P <or= 0.05). SC treatment also inhibited the edema induced by histamine (58% inhibition; P <or= 0.05) and 5-HT (52% inhibition; P <or= 0.05) but had no effect on platelet-aggregating factor-induced paw edema. SC prevented mast cell degranulation and the consequent histamine release in Wistar rat (180-200 g; N = 7/group) peritoneal mast cells (50% inhibition, 1 microg/mL; P <or= 0.05) induced by compound 48/80. Pre-treatment of BALB/c mice (18-20 g; N = 7/group) with 100 mg/kg of the extract significantly inhibited eosinophil accumulation in allergic pleurisy (from 7.662 +/- 1.524 to 1.89 +/- 0.336 x 10(6)/cavity; P <= 0.001). This effect was related to the inhibition of IL-5 (from 70.9 +/- 25.2 to 12.05 +/- 7.165 pg/mL) and CCL11/eotaxin levels (from 60.4 +/- 8.54 to 32.8 +/- 8.4 ng/mL) in pleural lavage fluid, using ELISA. These findings demonstrate an anti-allergic effect of SC, and indicate that its anti-edematogenic effect is due to the inhibition of mast cell degranulation and of histamine and serotonin effects, whereas the inhibition of eosinophil accumulation in the allergic pleurisy model is probably due to an impairment of CCL11/eotaxin and IL-5 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Brito
- Departamento de Farmacologia Aplicada, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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50
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Kumar P, Singh DK. Molluscicidal activity of Ferula asafoetida, Syzygium aromaticum and Carum carvi and their active components against the snail Lymnaea acuminata. CHEMOSPHERE 2006; 63:1568-74. [PMID: 16310827 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2005] [Revised: 08/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/30/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The molluscicidal activity of dried root latex powder of Ferula asafoetida, flower-bud powder of Syzygium aromaticum and seed powder of Carum carvi against the snail Lymnaea acuminata was studied. The molluscicidal activity of all the three plant products was found to be both time and concentration dependent. The toxicity of S. aromaticum flower-bud powder (96 h LC(50):51.98 mg/l) was more pronounced than that of root latex powder of F. asafoetida (96 h LC(50):82.71 mg/l) and seed powder of C. carvi (96 h LC(50):140.58 mg/l). Ethanol extract was more toxic than other organic extracts. The ethanol extract of S. aromaticum (24h LC(50):83.53 mg/l) was more effective than that of F. asafoetida (24h LC(50):132.31 mg/l) and C. carvi (24h LC(50):130.61 mg/l) in killing the test animals. The 96 h LC(50) of column purified fraction of seed powder of C. carvi was 5.40 mg/l whereas those of flower-bud powder of S. aromaticum and dried root latex powder of F. asafoetida were 7.87 and 9.67 mg/l, respectively. The product of F. asafoetida, S. aromaticum and C. carvi may be used as potent molluscicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, UP 273 009, India
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