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Qian C, Wang Q, Qiao Y, Xu Z, Zhang L, Xiao H, Lin Z, Wu M, Xia W, Yang H, Bai J, Geng D. Arachidonic acid in aging: New roles for old players. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00180-2. [PMID: 38710468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (AA), one of the most ubiquitous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), provides fluidity to mammalian cell membranes. It is derived from linoleic acid (LA) and can be transformed into various bioactive metabolites, including prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), lipoxins (LXs), hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), leukotrienes (LTs), and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), by different pathways. All these processes are involved in AA metabolism. Currently, in the context of an increasingly visible aging world population, several scholars have revealed the essential role of AA metabolism in osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and many other aging diseases. AIM OF REVIEW Although there are some reviews describing the role of AA in some specific diseases, there seems to be no or little information on the role of AA metabolism in aging tissues or organs. This review scrutinizes and highlights the role of AA metabolism in aging and provides a new idea for strategies for treating aging-related diseases. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW As a member of lipid metabolism, AA metabolism regulates the important lipids that interfere with the aging in several ways. We present a comprehensivereviewofthe role ofAA metabolism in aging, with the aim of relieving the extreme suffering of families and the heavy economic burden on society caused by age-related diseases. We also collected and summarized data on anti-aging therapies associated with AA metabolism, with the expectation of identifying a novel and efficient way to protect against aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Yusen Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Ze Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Haixiang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Mingzhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Wenyu Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
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Bates M, Spillane CD, Gallagher MF, McCann A, Martin C, Blackshields G, Keegan H, Gubbins L, Brooks R, Brooks D, Selemidis S, O’Toole S, O’Leary JJ. The role of the MAD2-TLR4-MyD88 axis in paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243715. [PMID: 33370338 PMCID: PMC7769460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the use of front-line anticancer drugs such as paclitaxel for ovarian cancer treatment, mortality rates have remained almost unchanged for the past three decades and the majority of patients will develop recurrent chemoresistant disease which remains largely untreatable. Overcoming chemoresistance or preventing its onset in the first instance remains one of the major challenges for ovarian cancer research. In this study, we demonstrate a key link between senescence and inflammation and how this complex network involving the biomarkers MAD2, TLR4 and MyD88 drives paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer. This was investigated using siRNA knockdown of MAD2, TLR4 and MyD88 in two ovarian cancer cell lines, A2780 and SKOV-3 cells and overexpression of MyD88 in A2780 cells. Interestingly, siRNA knockdown of MAD2 led to a significant increase in TLR4 gene expression, this was coupled with the development of a highly paclitaxel-resistant cell phenotype. Additionally, siRNA knockdown of MAD2 or TLR4 in the serous ovarian cell model OVCAR-3 resulted in a significant increase in TLR4 or MAD2 expression respectively. Microarray analysis of SKOV-3 cells following knockdown of TLR4 or MAD2 highlighted a number of significantly altered biological processes including EMT, complement, coagulation, proliferation and survival, ECM remodelling, olfactory receptor signalling, ErbB signalling, DNA packaging, Insulin-like growth factor signalling, ion transport and alteration of components of the cytoskeleton. Cross comparison of the microarray data sets identified 7 overlapping genes including MMP13, ACTBL2, AMTN, PLXDC2, LYZL1, CCBE1 and CKS2. These results demonstrate an important link between these biomarkers, which to our knowledge has never before been shown in ovarian cancer. In the future, we hope that triaging patients into alterative treatment groups based on the expression of these three biomarkers or therapeutic targeting of the mechanisms they are involved in will lead to improvements in patient outcome and prevent the development of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
| | - Cathy D. Spillane
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael F. Gallagher
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amanda McCann
- College of Health Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cara Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gordon Blackshields
- Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Keegan
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke Gubbins
- College of Health Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert Brooks
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Doug Brooks
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Sharon O’Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J. O’Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Zhang CY, Duan JX, Yang HH, Sun CC, Zhong WJ, Tao JH, Guan XX, Jiang HL, Hammock BD, Hwang SH, Zhou Y, Guan CX. COX-2/sEH dual inhibitor PTUPB alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice via inhibiting senescence. FEBS J 2019; 287:1666-1680. [PMID: 31646730 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a senescence-associated disease with poor prognosis. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating the disease process. Mounting evidence suggests that arachidonic acid (ARA) metabolites are involved in the pathogenesis of various fibrosis. However, the relationship between the metabolism of ARA and PF is still elusive. In this study, we observed a disorder in the cyclooxygenase-2/cytochrome P450 (COX-2/CYP) metabolism of ARA in the lungs of PF mice induced by bleomycin (BLM). Therefore, we aimed to explore the role of COX-2/CYP-derived ARA metabolic disorders in PF. PTUPB, a dual COX-2 and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor, was used to restore the balance of COX-2/CYP metabolism. sEH is an enzyme hydrolyzing epoxyeicosatrienoic acids derived from ARA by CYP. We found that PTUPB alleviated the pathological changes in lung tissue and collagen deposition, as well as reduced senescence marker molecules (p16Ink4a and p53-p21Waf1/Cip1 ) in the lungs of mice treated by BLM. In vitro, we found that PTUPB pretreatment remarkably reduced the expression of senescence-related molecules in the alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) induced by BLM. In conclusion, our study supports the notion that the COX-2/CYP-derived ARA metabolic disorders may be a potential therapeutic target for PF via inhibiting the cellular senescence in AECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Xi Duan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-Hui Yang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen-Chen Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhong
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Hao Tao
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Xin Guan
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui-Ling Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cha-Xiang Guan
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ni C, Narzt MS, Nagelreiter IM, Zhang CF, Larue L, Rossiter H, Grillari J, Tschachler E, Gruber F. Autophagy deficient melanocytes display a senescence associated secretory phenotype that includes oxidized lipid mediators. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:375-382. [PMID: 27732890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a recycling program which allows cells to adapt to metabolic needs and to stress. Defects in autophagy can affect metabolism, aging, proteostasis and inflammation. Autophagy pathway genes, including autophagy related 7 (Atg7), have been associated with the regulation of skin pigmentation, and autophagy defects disturb the biogenesis and transport of melanosomes in melanocytes as well as transfer and processing of melanin into keratinocytes. We have previously shown that mice whose melanocytes or keratinocytes lack Atg7 (and thus autophagy) as a result of specific gene knockout still retained functioning melanosome synthesis and transfer, and displayed only moderate reduction of pigmentation. In cell culture the Atg7 deficient melanocytes were prone to premature senescence and dysregulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling. To elucidate the biochemical basis of this phenotype, we performed a study on global gene expression, protein secretion and phospholipid composition in Atg7 deficient versus Atg7 expressing melanocytes. In cell culture Atg7 deficient melanocytes showed a pro-inflammatory gene expression signature and secreted higher levels of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand -1,-2,-10 and -12 (Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Cxcl10, Cxcl12), which are implicated in the pathogenesis of pigmentary disorders and expressed higher amounts of matrix metalloproteinases -3 and -13 (Mmp3, Mmp13). The analysis of membrane phospholipid composition identified an increase in the arachidonic- to linoleic acid ratio in the autophagy deficient cells, as well as an increase in oxidized phospholipid species that act as danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The secretion of inflammation related factors suggests that autophagy deficient melanocytes display a senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and we propose oxidized lipid mediators as novel components of this SASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunya Ni
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Grürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Marie-Sophie Narzt
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Grürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ionela-Mariana Nagelreiter
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Grürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheng Feng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Grürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Developmental Genetics of Melanocytes, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR3347, Orsay, France; INSERM U1021, Orsay, France
| | - Heidemarie Rossiter
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Grürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-VIBT University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Grürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Grürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria.
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Naru E, Takanezawa Y, Kobayashi M, Misaki Y, Kaji K, Arakane K. Increased levels of a particular phosphatidylcholine species in senescent human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Hum Cell 2008; 21:70-8. [PMID: 18667023 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-0774.2008.00052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membranes are essential components of living cells, and phospholipids are major components of cellular membranes. Here, we used liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to investigate changes in the membrane phospholipid content that occur in association with aging. Our results indicate that the levels of a particular species of phosphatidylcholine comprised of stearic acid and arachidonic acid increased with age. To determine the reason for the increased levels of this particular phosphatidylcholine, we examined the effect of highly unsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, on cellular aging. Applied arachidonic acid was incorporated into phosphatidylcholine molecules, but neither arachidonic acid nor other related unsaturated fatty acids had any effect. We conclude that increased levels of this distinctive phosphatidylcholine are a result of in vitro senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Naru
- Research and Development Division, KOSE Corporation, Tokyo, 114-0005, Japan.
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Kim SR, Park JH, Lee ME, Park JS, Park SC, Han JA. Selective COX-2 inhibitors modulate cellular senescence in human dermal fibroblasts in a catalytic activity-independent manner. Mech Ageing Dev 2008; 129:706-13. [PMID: 18848576 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2008] [Revised: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been recently proposed that pro-inflammatory genes such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) play a key role in the aging process. However, it remains unclear whether the pro-inflammatory activity of COX-2 is involved in the aging process and whether COX-2 inhibitors prevent aging. We therefore examined the effect of COX-2 inhibitors on aging in the cellular senescence model of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). While the catalytic activity of COX-2 was observed to increase in the senescence process, we found that among three selective COX-2 inhibitors studied, only NS-398 inhibited the senescence whereas celecoxib and nimesulide accelerated the senescence. Non-selective COX inhibitors including aspirin, ibuprofen and flurbiprofen accelerated the senescence. The senescence-regulating effect of selective COX-2 inhibitors had no correlation with cellular reactive oxygen species levels, NF-kappaB activities or protein levels of p53 and p21. We instead found that selective COX-2 inhibitors regulate caveolin-1 expression at transcriptional levels, which was closely associated with the inhibitors' effect on the senescence. Collectively, these results suggest that COX-2 catalytic activity does not mediate HDF senescence and that selective COX-2 inhibitors modulate HDF senescence by a catalytic activity-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Ra Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
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Bordayo EZ, Fawcett JR, Lagalwar S, Svitak AL, Frey WH. Inhibition of ligand binding to G protein-coupled receptors by arachidonic acid. J Mol Neurosci 2005; 27:185-94. [PMID: 16186629 DOI: 10.1385/jmn:27:2:185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2005] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA), released in response to muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) stimulation, previously has been reported to function as a reversible feedback inhibitor of the mAChR. To determine if the effects of AA on binding to the mAChR are subtype specific and whether AA inhibits ligand binding to other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the effects of AA on ligand binding to the mAChR subtypes (M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5) and to the micro-opioid receptor, beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (5-HTR), and nicotinic receptors were examined. AA was found to inhibit ligand binding to all mAChR subtypes, to the beta2-AR, the 5-HTR, and to the micro-opioid receptor. However, AA does not inhibit ligand binding to the nicotinic receptor, even at high concentrations of AA. Thus, AA inhibits several types of GPCRs, with 50% inhibition occurring at 3-25 MuM, whereas the nicotinic receptor, a non-GPCR, remains unaffected. Further research is needed to determine the mechanism by which AA inhibits GPCR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Z Bordayo
- Alzheimer's Research Center, HealthPartners Research Foundation, Saint Paul, MN 55101-2502, USA
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Yoon IK, Kim HK, Kim YK, Song IH, Kim W, Kim S, Baek SH, Kim JH, Kim JR. Exploration of replicative senescence-associated genes in human dermal fibroblasts by cDNA microarray technology. Exp Gerontol 2005; 39:1369-78. [PMID: 15489060 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2004.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2004] [Revised: 06/03/2004] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aging process is known to be regulated by specific genes in various organisms, including yeast, the nematode C. elegans, fruitflies and mice. To explore the novel genes involved in aging process, we applied cDNA microarray technology to a replicative senescence model of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Eighty-four genes, including inflammatory genes, cell cycle regulatory genes, cytoskeletal genes, and metabolic genes were found to show more than two fold expressional differences in young and old fibroblasts. Furthermore, 31 genes were confirmed to be up- or down-regulated during replicative senescence by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The overexpressions of several genes including CD36, putative lymphocyte G0/G1 switch gene (G0S2), tumor protein D52-like 1 (TPD52L1), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6, myxovirus resistant gene 1 (MX1), and the down-regulation of the immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat (ISLR), neurotrimin, insulin-like growth factor 2 associated protein (IGF2A), and apoptosis-related RNA binding protein (NAPOR3) were newly identified. These results suggest that fibroblasts show the deregulation of various cellular processes, such as inflammatory response, mitosis, cell adhesion, transport, signal transduction, and metabolism during replicative senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Kyung Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 317-1 Daemyung-Dong, Daegu 705-717, South Korea
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Cristofalo VJ, Lorenzini A, Allen RG, Torres C, Tresini M. Replicative senescence: a critical review. Mech Ageing Dev 2004; 125:827-48. [PMID: 15541776 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2004.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human cells in culture have a limited proliferative capacity. After a period of vigorous proliferation, the rate of cell division declines and a number of changes occur in the cells including increases in size, in secondary lysosomes and residual bodies, nuclear changes and a number of changes in gene expression which provide biomarkers for senescence. Although human cells in culture have been used for over 40 years as models for understanding the cellular basis of aging, the relationship of replicative senescence to aging of the organism is still not clear. In this review, we discuss replicative senescence in the light of current information on signal transduction and mitogenesis, cell stress, apoptosis, telomere changes and finally we discuss replicative senescence as a model of aging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J Cristofalo
- The Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, 100 Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA.
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