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Nazeer W, Qamar MU, Rasool N, Taibi M, Salamatullah AM. Synthesis of 2-Ethylhexyl 5-Bromothiophene-2-Carboxylates; Antibacterial Activities against Salmonella Typhi, Validation via Docking Studies, Pharmacokinetics, and Structural Features Determination through DFT. Molecules 2024; 29:3005. [PMID: 38998957 PMCID: PMC11242937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A new class of thiophene-based molecules of 5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylic acid (1) have been synthesized in current research work. All analogs 4A-4G were synthesized with optimized conditions by coupling reactions of 2-ethylhexyl 5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylate (3) with various arylboronic acids. The results indicated that the majority of compounds showed promising effective in vitro antibacterial activity. Herein, 2-ethylhexyl-5-(p-tolyl)thiophene-2-carboxylate (4F), in particular among the synthesized analogs, showed outstanding antibacterial action (MIC value 3.125 mg/mL) against XDR Salmonella Typhi compared to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. The intermolecular interaction was investigated by using a molecular docking study of thiophene derivatives 4A-4G against XDR S. Typhi. The values of the binding affinity of functionalized thiophene molecules and ciprofloxacin were compared against bacterial enzyme PDB ID: 5ztj. Therefore, 4F appears to be a promising antibacterial agent and showed the highest potential value. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were executed to examine the electronic, structural, and spectroscopic features of the newly synthesized molecules 4A-4G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Nazeer
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Usman Qamar
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Mohamed Taibi
- Laboratory of Therapeutic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Kumar KA, Rai KL, Umesha K. Synthesis and evaluation of antifungal and antibacterial activity of ethyl 3,5-diarylisoxazole-4-carboxylates. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823401103168389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitrile oxides generated in situ by the oxidative dehydrogenation of aldoximes (2) react with α-cyanocinnamate esters (1) to afford ethyl 3,5-diarylisoxazole-4-carboxylates (4) in good yield. The esters (4) were tested for their antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Ajay Kumar
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - K.M. Lokanatha Rai
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - K.B. Umesha
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
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3
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Deswal S, Tittal RK, Yadav P, Lal K, Vikas D. G, Kumar N. Cellulose‐Supported CuI‐Nanoparticles‐Mediated Green Synthesis of Trifluoromethylbenzoate‐Linked Triazoles for Pharmacological & DFT study. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Deswal
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Kurukshetra- 136119, Haryana India
| | - Ram Kumar Tittal
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Kurukshetra- 136119, Haryana India
| | - Pinki Yadav
- Department of ChemistryGuru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology Hisar- 125001, Haryana India
| | - Kashmiri Lal
- Department of ChemistryGuru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology Hisar- 125001, Haryana India
| | - Ghule Vikas D.
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Kurukshetra- 136119, Haryana India
| | - Nikhil Kumar
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Kurukshetra- 136119, Haryana India
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Kapoor JK, Prakash R, Kumar A, Saini D, Arora L. Selective Synthesis of 3-(α,α-Dibromoacetyl)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one as an Excellent Precursor for the Synthesis of 2-Substituted 4-(4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-2-oxopyran-3-yl)thiazoles as Antimicrobial and Antifungal Agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitander K. Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Kurukshetra India
| | - Richa Prakash
- Department of Chemistry; Kurukshetra University; Kurukshetra India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kurukshetra University; Kurukshetra India
| | - Deepika Saini
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kurukshetra University; Kurukshetra India
| | - Loveena Arora
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Kurukshetra India
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5
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Gibbons S. An introduction to planar chromatography and its application to natural products isolation. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 864:117-153. [PMID: 22367896 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-624-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is an easy, inexpensive, rapid, and the most widely used method for the analysis and isolation of small organic natural and synthetic products. It also has use in the biological evaluation of organic compounds, particularly in the areas of antimicrobial and antioxidant metabolites and for the evaluation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors which have utility in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The ease and inexpensiveness of use of this technique, coupled with the ability to rapidly develop separation and bioassay protocols will ensure that TLC will be used for some considerable time alongside conventional instrumental methods. This chapter deals with the basic principles of TLC and describes methods for the analysis and isolation of natural products. Examples of methods for isolation of several classes of natural product are detailed and protocols for TLC bioassays are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gibbons
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK.
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Popova M, Trusheva B, Antonova D, Cutajar S, Mifsud D, Farrugia C, Tsvetkova I, Najdenski H, Bankova V. The specific chemical profile of Mediterranean propolis from Malta. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Petrova A, Popova M, Kuzmanova C, Tsvetkova I, Naydenski H, Muli E, Bankova V. New biologically active compounds from Kenyan propolis. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:509-14. [PMID: 20079813 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
From propolis samples from Kenya, two new arylnaphtalene lignans were isolated, tetrahydrojusticidin B 1 and 6-methoxydiphyllin 2, along with four known phenolic compounds 5-8, found for the first time in propolis. The structures of the compounds were elucidated based on their spectral properties. The geranylstilbenes 7 and 8 demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. aureus, and the geranylflavon macarangin 6 possessed antiradical activity against DPPH radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assya Petrova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad G Bonchev str Bl 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Prytzyk E, Dantas AP, Salomão K, Pereira AS, Bankova VS, De Castro SL, Neto FRA. Flavonoids and trypanocidal activity of Bulgarian propolis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 88:189-193. [PMID: 12963141 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Acetone and ethanol extracts of two Bulgarian propolis samples (Bur and Lov) were investigated by high temperature high resolution gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HT-HRGC-MS), and their activity against Trypanosoma cruzi was evaluated. The ethanol extracts--Et-Bur and Et-Lov--showed similar composition, with a high content of flavonoids, and strong inhibitory activity against T. cruzi proliferative epimastigotes, which were more susceptible than trypomastigotes. In the presence of blood, the activity of Et-Bur or Et-Lov against trypomastigotes was similar to that of the standard drug, crystal violet. Both extracts also showed similar and significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, while being inactive against Escherichia coli. The acetone extract, Ket-Bur, was more active than Et-Bur against both forms of T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Prytzyk
- Ladetec, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, CT Bl. A, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Clarke JM, Gillings MR, Altavilla N, Beattie AJ. Potential problems with fluorescein diacetate assays of cell viability when testing natural products for antimicrobial activity. J Microbiol Methods 2001; 46:261-7. [PMID: 11438191 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7012(01)00285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There are two potential problems in the use of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) as a measure of cell viability. The first is the hydrolysis of FDA to fluorescein in the absence of live cells and the second is the quenching of fluorescence by assay solutions. We show that common media components such as tryptone, peptone and yeast extract all promote hydrolysis of FDA in the absence of live cells, as do Tris-HCl and sodium phosphate buffers. As a consequence, various microbiological media promote hydrolysis of FDA in the absence of live cells. Different media were also shown to reduce the amount of visible fluorescence of fluorescein. Diluting the medium decreases the background hydrolysis of FDA as well as increases the amount of visible fluorescence. Both problems should be considered when using FDA as an indicator of cell viability when testing natural products for antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Clarke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Commonwealth Key Centre for Biodiversity and Bioresources, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, North Ryde, Australia.
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Benkendorff K, Davis AR, Bremner JB. Chemical defense in the egg masses of benthic invertebrates: an assessment of antibacterial activity in 39 mollusks and 4 polychaetes. J Invertebr Pathol 2001; 78:109-18. [PMID: 11812113 DOI: 10.1006/jipa.2001.5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many marine invertebrates deposit benthic egg masses that are potentially vulnerable to microbial infection. To help counter this threat these species may have evolved some form of chemical protection for their encapsulated embryos. In this study the egg masses from 7 marine mollusks were tested for antibacterial activity against 4 marine pathogens: Enterococcus sericolicida, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio harveyi. Extracts from all of these egg masses were found to inhibit the growth of at least 1 marine bacterium at concentrations that approximate the natural concentration of extract in the egg masses. The egg masses of 39 mollusks and 4 polychaetes were then tested for antibacterial activity against 3 human pathogenic bacteria; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Activity was detected in the egg masses from 34 species, including 2 polychaetes and mollusks from two classes and 18 families. Antibacterial activity in molluskan egg masses was found to extend across the marine, estuarine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Both gelatinous egg masses and tough egg capsules were found to inhibit microbial growth, suggesting that physical protection alone may not be sufficient to protect the eggs. Antimicrobial activity was observed in the fresh egg masses but not in the well-developed egg masses of a subset of species. The results of this study indicate that a wide range of invertebrates use chemical defense to protect their early stage embryos against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Benkendorff
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.
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Gupte TE, Gaikwad UV, Naik SR. Experimental studies (in vitro) on polyene macrolide antibiotics with special reference to hamycin against Malassezia ovale. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 1999; 22:93-102. [PMID: 10051180 DOI: 10.1016/s0147-9571(98)00024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hamycin activity (in vitro) against Malassezia ovale was studied and compared with old and newly discovered polyene antifungal antibiotics. Hamycin showed a marked anti-M. ovale activity which was enhanced in the presence of divalent cations like Cu++ and Zn++. Furthermore, the absorption of hamycin onto the cell membrane or cell surface of M. ovale was also increased in the presence of divalent cations. It is suggested that hamycin alone or along with metal ions, specifically Cu++ may be useful clinically in the treatment of dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Gupte
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation, Antibiotics Research Centre, Hindustan Antibiotics Limited, Pimpri, Pune, India
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13
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Holzapfel WH, Botha SJ. Physiology of Sporolactobacillus strains isolated from different habitats and the indication of in vitro antagonism against Bacillus species. Int J Food Microbiol 1988; 7:161-8. [PMID: 3275317 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1605(88)90008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In an ecological study only low numbers of Sporolactobacillus were found in habitats such as the faeces of herbivores, the rumen of cattle and the final waste water of an abattoir. Their presence in the final waste water of an abattoir indicates their possible association with food, and, more specifically, with meat. Differences were found in some physiological characteristics. One isolate (L2404) differed from the authentic Sporolactobacillus ATCC 15538 by its inability to ferment inulin, its growth in presence of 6.5% NaCl and in 0.2% tellurite, by the isomer(s) of lactic acid produced and the mol% G + G in the DNA. One Sporolactobacillus isolate (L2407) showed antagonism against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus cereus var, mycoides, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Holzapfel
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
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Alcaide E, Garay E. R-plasmid transfer in Salmonella spp. isolated from wastewater and sewage-contaminated surface waters. Appl Environ Microbiol 1984; 48:435-8. [PMID: 6486785 PMCID: PMC241533 DOI: 10.1128/aem.48.2.435-438.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 865 Salmonella isolates from wastewaters and sewage-contaminated natural waters were tested for antimicrobial resistance by using NR10 medium and incubation at 43 degrees C. Of the strains, 12.7% were resistant to one or more of the compounds tested, and 30% transferred resistance to an Escherichia coli recipient. The highest minimal inhibitory concentrations were ca. 1,000 micrograms/ml. Transfer frequencies ranged from 10(-3) to 10(-7).
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15
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Haag R, Rienhoff E. The dynamics of experimental bacterial infections in muscles of mice and the influence of hog gastric mucin. EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 1981; 19:24-30. [PMID: 6167464 DOI: 10.1016/s0232-1513(81)80051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
NMRI-mice were infected in the posterior of the thigh muscles of the right hind leg by injecting one of two isogenic strains of E. coli, one of which was passaged from mouse to mouse for 20 years [mouse-pathogenic (MP) strain], whereas the other was transferred on agar slants only for the same period of time (lab strain). Both strains cause persistent infections only if given as undiluted overnight culture, the MP-strain seeming slightly more virulent. Injection of lower numbers of bacteria results in a corresponding decrease of bacterial cell counts in the animals' thighs. The elimination of the bacteria seems to be all the more rapid the smaller the inoculum. If the infection was administered in mucin suspension, the MP-strain multiplies in the host tissue to a greater degree than the lab strain, irrespectively of the dose injected. The number of cells per muscle reaches a maximum level of about 10(9) even after injecting 10(2) cells of the MP-strain in mucin. To reach the same level, 10(5) cells of the lab strain are needed. Four days after infection, the bacteria start to die off in those animals originally receiving the lower infection doses. Possible reasons are discussed.
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