1
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Pulami D, Kämpfer P, Glaeser SP. High diversity of the emerging pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii and other Acinetobacter spp. in raw manure, biogas plants digestates, and rural and urban wastewater treatment plants with system specific antimicrobial resistance profiles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160182. [PMID: 36395844 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii causing immense treatment problems in hospitals. There is still a knowledge gap on the abundance and stability of acquired resistances and the diversity of resistant Acinetobacter in the environment. The aim of the study was to investigate the diversity and antimicrobial resistances of Acinetobacter spp. released from livestock and human wastewater into the environment. Raw and digested manure of small scale on farm biogas plants as well as untreated and treated wastewater and sewage sludge of rural and urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were studied comparatively. A total of 132 Acinetobacter isolates were phylogenetically identified (16S rRNA gene and rpoB sequence analyses) and 14 different phylotypes were detected. Fiftytwo isolates represented A. baumannii which were cultured from raw and digested manure of different biogas plants, and most stages of the rural WWTP (no hospital wastewater receiving) and the two studied urban WWTPs receiving veterinarian and human hospital wastewater. Multi-locus sequence typing (Pasteur_MLST) identified 23 novel and 12 known STs of A. baumannii. Most novel STs (18/23) were cultured from livestock samples and the rural WWTP. A. baumannii isolates from livestock and the rural WWTP were susceptible to carbapenems, colistin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and piperacillin. In contrast, A. baumannii isolates from the two urban WWTPs showed clinical linkage with respect to MLST and were multi-drug resistant (MDR). The presence of viable A. baumannii in digested manure and sewage sludge confirmed the survival of the strict aerobic bacteria during anoxic conditions. The study indicated the spread of diverse Acinetobacter from anthropogenic sources into the environment with a strong linkage of clinial associated MDR A. baumannii strains to the inflow of hospital wastewater to WWTPs. A more frequent detection of Acinetobacter in sewage sludge than effluent waters indicated that particle-attachment of Acinetobacter must be considered by the risk assessment of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipen Pulami
- Institut for Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Kämpfer
- Institut for Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie P Glaeser
- Institut for Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany.
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2
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Perchat N, Dubois C, Mor-Gautier R, Duquesne S, Lechaplais C, Roche D, Fouteau S, Darii E, Perret A. Characterization of a novel β-alanine biosynthetic pathway consisting of promiscuous metabolic enzymes. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102067. [PMID: 35623386 PMCID: PMC9213253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria adapt to utilize the nutrients available in their environment through a sophisticated metabolic system composed of highly specialized enzymes. Although these enzymes can metabolize molecules other than those for which they evolved, their efficiency toward promiscuous substrates is considered too low to be of physiological relevance. Herein, we investigated the possibility that these promiscuous enzymes are actually efficient enough at metabolizing secondary substrates to modify the phenotype of the cell. For example, in the bacterium Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 (ADP1), panD (coding for l-aspartate decarboxylase) encodes the only protein known to catalyze the synthesis of β-alanine, an obligate intermediate in CoA synthesis. However, we show that the ADP1 ΔpanD mutant could also form this molecule through an unknown metabolic pathway arising from promiscuous enzymes and grow as efficiently as the wildtype strain. Using metabolomic analyses, we identified 1,3-diaminopropane and 3-aminopropanal as intermediates in this novel pathway. We also conducted activity screening and enzyme kinetics to elucidate candidate enzymes involved in this pathway, including 2,4-diaminobutyrate aminotransferase (Dat) and 2,4-diaminobutyrate decarboxylase (Ddc) and validated this pathway in vivo by analyzing the phenotype of mutant bacterial strains. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate that this novel metabolic route is not restricted to ADP1. We propose that the occurrence of conserved genes in hundreds of genomes across many phyla suggests that this previously undescribed pathway is widespread in prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Perchat
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Christelle Dubois
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Rémi Mor-Gautier
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Sophie Duquesne
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Christophe Lechaplais
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - David Roche
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Stéphanie Fouteau
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Ekaterina Darii
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Alain Perret
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.
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3
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Short FL, Liu Q, Shah B, Clift HE, Naidu V, Li L, Prity FT, Mabbutt BC, Hassan KA, Paulsen IT. The Acinetobacter baumannii disinfectant resistance protein, AmvA, is a spermidine and spermine efflux pump. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1114. [PMID: 34552198 PMCID: PMC8458285 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance genes, including multidrug efflux pumps, evolved long before the ubiquitous use of antimicrobials in medicine and infection control. Multidrug efflux pumps often transport metabolites, signals and host-derived molecules in addition to antibiotics or biocides. Understanding their ancestral physiological roles could inform the development of strategies to subvert their activity. In this study, we investigated the response of Acinetobacter baumannii to polyamines, a widespread, abundant class of amino acid-derived metabolites, which led us to identify long-chain polyamines as natural substrates of the disinfectant efflux pump AmvA. Loss of amvA dramatically reduced tolerance to long-chain polyamines, and these molecules induce expression of amvA through binding to its cognate regulator AmvR. A second clinically-important efflux pump, AdeABC, also contributed to polyamine tolerance. Our results suggest that the disinfectant resistance capability that allows A. baumannii to survive in hospitals may have evolutionary origins in the transport of polyamine metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca L. Short
- grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Qi Liu
- grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW Australia
| | - Bhumika Shah
- grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW Australia
| | - Heather E. Clift
- grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW Australia ,grid.280427.b0000 0004 0434 015XPresent Address: Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Varsha Naidu
- grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW Australia
| | - Liping Li
- grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW Australia
| | - Farzana T. Prity
- grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW Australia
| | - Bridget C. Mabbutt
- grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW Australia
| | - Karl A. Hassan
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia
| | - Ian T. Paulsen
- grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW Australia
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4
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Poppel MT, Skiebe E, Laue M, Bergmann H, Ebersberger I, Garn T, Fruth A, Baumgardt S, Busse HJ, Wilharm G. Acinetobacter equi sp. nov., isolated from horse faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:881-888. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie T. Poppel
- Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Burgstr. 37, D-38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Evelyn Skiebe
- Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Burgstr. 37, D-38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Michael Laue
- Robert Koch Institute, Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4), Seestr. 11, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Bergmann
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Garn
- Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Burgstr. 37, D-38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Angelika Fruth
- Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Burgstr. 37, D-38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Sandra Baumgardt
- Division of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Biology, Institute of Bacteriology, Mycology and Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Jürgen Busse
- Division of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Biology, Institute of Bacteriology, Mycology and Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Wilharm
- Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Burgstr. 37, D-38855 Wernigerode, Germany
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5
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Skiebe E, de Berardinis V, Morczinek P, Kerrinnes T, Faber F, Lepka D, Hammer B, Zimmermann O, Ziesing S, Wichelhaus TA, Hunfeld KP, Borgmann S, Gröbner S, Higgins PG, Seifert H, Busse HJ, Witte W, Pfeifer Y, Wilharm G. Surface-associated motility, a common trait of clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, depends on 1,3-diaminopropane. Int J Med Microbiol 2012; 302:117-28. [PMID: 22560766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While flagella-independent motility has long been described in representatives of the genus Acinetobacter, the mechanism of motility remains ambiguous. Acinetobacter baumannii, a nosocomial pathogen appearing increasingly multidrug-resistant, may profit from motility during infection or while persisting in the hospital environment. However, data on the frequency of motility skills among clinical A. baumannii isolates is scarce. We have screened a collection of 83 clinical A. baumannii isolates of different origin and found that, with the exception of one isolate, all were motile on wet surfaces albeit to varying degrees and exhibiting differing morphologies. Screening a collection of transposon mutants of strain ATCC 17978 for motility defects, we identified 2 akinetic mutants carrying transposon insertions in the dat and ddc gene, respectively. These neighbouring genes contribute to synthesis of 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP), a polyamine ubiquitously produced in Acinetobacter. Supplementing semi-solid media with DAP cured the motility defect of both mutants. HPLC analyses confirmed that DAP synthesis was abolished in ddc and dat mutants of different A. baumannii isolates and was re-established after genetic complementation. Both, the dat and ddc mutant of ATCC 17978 were attenuated in the Galleria mellonella caterpillar infection model. Taken together, surface-associated motility is a common trait of clinical A. baumannii isolates that requires DAP and may play a role in its virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Skiebe
- Robert Koch-Institute, Wernigerode Branch, D-38855 Wernigerode, Germany
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7
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Rosselló-Mora R, Lalucat J, Dott W, Kämpfer P. Biochemical and chemotaxonomic characterization ofPseudomonas stutzerigenomovars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb01620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Wittich RM, Busse HJ, Kämpfer P, Tiirola M, Wieser M, Macedo AJ, Abraham WR. Sphingobium aromaticiconvertens sp. nov., a xenobiotic-compound-degrading bacterium from polluted river sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2007; 57:306-310. [PMID: 17267969 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.64433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A bacterial strain capable of degrading some monochlorinated dibenzofurans, designated RW16T, was isolated from aerobic River Elbe sediments. The strain was characterized based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA G+C content, physiological characteristics, polyamines, ubiquinone and polar lipid pattern and fatty acid composition. This analysis revealed that strain RW16T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobium. The DNA G+C content of strain RW16T, 60.7 mol%, is the lowest yet reported for the genus. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed strain RW16T as an outlier in the genus Sphingobium. The name Sphingobium aromaticiconvertens sp. nov. is proposed for this dibenzofuran-mineralizing organism, with type strain RW16T (=DSM 12677T=CIP 109198T).
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MESH Headings
- Bacterial Typing Techniques
- Base Composition
- Benzofurans/metabolism
- Carbohydrate Metabolism
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated
- Fatty Acids/analysis
- Fatty Acids/chemistry
- Genes, rRNA
- Geologic Sediments/microbiology
- Germany
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phospholipids/analysis
- Phospholipids/chemistry
- Phylogeny
- Polyamines/analysis
- Quinones/analysis
- Quinones/chemistry
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Rivers/microbiology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Sphingomonadaceae/classification
- Sphingomonadaceae/isolation & purification
- Sphingomonadaceae/metabolism
- Sphingomonadaceae/physiology
- Water Pollution, Chemical
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf-Michael Wittich
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín - EEZ-CSIC, Depto de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular, Línea de Degradación de Tóxicos Orgánicos, Calle Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (formerly GBF), Division Microbiology, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Busse
- Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, A-1210 Wien, Austria
| | - Peter Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marja Tiirola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FIN-40100 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Monika Wieser
- Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, A-1210 Wien, Austria
| | - Alexandre J Macedo
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (formerly GBF), Division Microbiology, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wolf-Rainer Abraham
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (formerly GBF), Division Microbiology, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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9
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Wittich RM, Busse HJ, Kämpfer P, Macedo AJ, Tiirola M, Wieser M, Abraham WR. Sphingomonas fennica sp. nov. and Sphingomonas haloaromaticamans sp. nov., outliers of the genus Sphingomonas. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2007; 57:1740-1746. [PMID: 17684248 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.64835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial isolates obtained from polychlorophenol-contaminated sites in Finland (strain K101T) and from a Dutch drinking water well (strain A175T) were characterized taxonomically. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, determination of DNA G+C content, physiological characterization, estimation of the ubiquinone and polar lipid patterns and fatty acid content revealed that strains K101T and A175T were similar to Sphingomonas wittichii RW1T but also showed pronounced differences. The DNA G+C contents of the two novel strains were 63.6 and 66.1 mol%, respectively. On the basis of these results, two novel species of the genus Sphingomonas are described, for which the names Sphingomonas haloaromaticamans sp. nov. [type strain A175T (=DSM 13477T=CCUG 53463T)] and Sphingomonas fennica sp. nov. [type strain K101T (=DSM 13665T=CCUG 53462T)] are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf-Michael Wittich
- Línea de Degradación de Tóxicos Orgánicos, Depto. de Protección Ambiental, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - EEZ, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Calle Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
- Bereich Mikrobiologie, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (formerly GBF), D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Busse
- Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, A-1210 Wien, Austria
| | - Peter Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexandre J Macedo
- Bereich Mikrobiologie, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (formerly GBF), D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marja Tiirola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, F-40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Monika Wieser
- Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, A-1210 Wien, Austria
| | - Wolf-Rainer Abraham
- Bereich Mikrobiologie, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (formerly GBF), D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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10
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Silva MTSLD, Espírito Santo F, Pereira PT, Roseiro JCP. Phenotypic characterization of food waste degradingBacillus strains isolated from aerobic bioreactors. J Basic Microbiol 2006; 46:34-46. [PMID: 16463317 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200510031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A phenotypic characterization of seventeen Bacillus strains isolated from aerobic thermophilic bioreactors of a food waste processing company was carried out, using fatty acid and enzymatic activity profiles. It was observed that each species possessed a typical fatty acid and enzymatic production profile. Bacillus licheniformis strains exhibited the most significant enzyme production. Numerical analyses (principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses) revealed that Bacillus licheniformis strains were homogeneous regarding their fatty acid profiles whilst B. subtilis and Bacillus pumilus strains showed some phenotypic differences. However, enzymatic activities numerical analyses indicated that these three Bacillus species were more homogeneous regarding this phenotypic characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Saraiva Lopes da Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação, Departamento de Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Microbiologia Industrial, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisboa codex, Portugal
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11
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Kim MH, Hao OJ, Wang NS. Acinetobacter isolates from different activated sludge processes: characteristics and neural network identification. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1997.tb00404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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12
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Lee N, Cellamare CM, Bastianutti C, Rosselló-Mora R, Kämpfer P, Ludwig W, Schleifer KH, Stante L. Emended description of the species Lampropedia hyalina. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:1709-1715. [PMID: 15388733 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three Lampropedia hyalina strains from different habitats were compared by phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics. All strains form coccoid cells and have been reported to grow as square tablets of eight to 64 cells. However, two of these strains (ATCC 11041T and ATCC 43383) have apparently lost this ability, and the third strain may temporarily lose this capacity under certain cultivation conditions. The three strains showed only minor differences in metabolic characteristics: the main significant physiological difference was the ability to accumulate polyphosphate under alternating anaerobic–aerobic conditions found for DSM 15336. The three strains showed high similarity in fatty acid composition and only slight differences in the G+C content (63–67 mol%) and DNA–DNA reassociation (90–95 % relatedness). Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses on these three strains and three Lampropedia hyalina 16S rRNA gene sequences deposited at NCBI showed that they are all very similar (>98·8 %) and that they form a distinct group among the ‘Betaproteobacteria’, showing between 94·6 and 93 % 16S rRNA gene similarity to members of various genera such as Acidovorax, Aquaspirillum, Brachymonas, Comamonas, Delftia and Xenophilus. Fluorescent in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes targeting betaproteobacteria on the 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA gene level further supported the conclusion that all investigated strains are members of the ‘Betaproteobacteria’. Two oligonucleotide probes were designed and successfully applied for culture-independent identification of Lampropedia hyalina by means of fluorescent in situ hybridization.
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MESH Headings
- Aerobiosis
- Anaerobiosis
- Bacterial Typing Techniques
- Base Composition
- Betaproteobacteria/classification
- Betaproteobacteria/cytology
- Betaproteobacteria/genetics
- Betaproteobacteria/physiology
- Comamonadaceae/classification
- Comamonadaceae/genetics
- Comamonas/classification
- Comamonas/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- Delftia/classification
- Delftia/genetics
- Fatty Acids/analysis
- Genes, rRNA
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neisseriaceae/classification
- Neisseriaceae/genetics
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Phylogeny
- Polyphosphates/metabolism
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Natuschka Lee
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, TU München, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Carmela Maria Cellamare
- ENEA, Sezione Gestione Risorse Idriche, Via Martiri di Monte Sole, 4, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bastianutti
- ENEA, Sezione Gestione Risorse Idriche, Via Martiri di Monte Sole, 4, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ramon Rosselló-Mora
- Grup d'Oceanografia Interdisciplinari Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marqués 21, E-07190 Esporles Mallorca, Spain
| | - Peter Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, TU München, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Karl Heinz Schleifer
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, TU München, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Loredana Stante
- ENEA, Sezione Gestione Risorse Idriche, Via Martiri di Monte Sole, 4, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
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13
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Maue G, Dott W, Kämpfer P. Diversity of PAH-degrading bacteria in an airlift-suspension reactor system for waste-water cleaning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/abio.370140404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Weltin D, Hoffmeister D, Dott W, Kämpfer P. Studies on polyphosphate and poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate accumulation inAcinetobacter johnsonii120 and some other bacteria from activated sludge in batch and continuous culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/abio.370160202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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McGrath JW, Quinn JP. Microbial phosphate removal and polyphosphate production from wastewaters. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2003; 52:75-100. [PMID: 12964240 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(03)01003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John W McGrath
- School of Biology and Biochemistry, QUESTOR Center, Queen's University of Belfast, Medical Biology Centre Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland
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Seviour RJ, Mino T, Onuki M. The microbiology of biological phosphorus removal in activated sludge systems. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2003; 27:99-127. [PMID: 12697344 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-6445(03)00021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated sludge systems are designed and operated globally to remove phosphorus microbiologically, a process called enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). Yet little is still known about the ecology of EBPR processes, the microbes involved, their functions there and the possible reasons why they often perform unreliably. The application of rRNA-based methods to analyze EBPR community structure has changed dramatically our understanding of the microbial populations responsible for EBPR, but many substantial gaps in our knowledge of the population dynamics of EBPR and its underlying mechanisms remain. This review critically examines what we once thought we knew about the microbial ecology of EBPR, what we think we now know, and what still needs to be elucidated before these processes can be operated and controlled more reliably than is currently possible. It looks at the history of EBPR, the currently available biochemical models, the structure of the microbial communities found in EBPR systems, possible identities of the bacteria responsible, and the evidence why these systems might operate suboptimally. The review stresses the need to extend what have been predominantly laboratory-based studies to full-scale operating plants. It aims to encourage microbiologists and process engineers to collaborate more closely and to bring an interdisciplinary approach to bear on this complex ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Seviour
- Institute of Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.
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Wenzel M, Schönig I, Berchtold M, Kämpfer P, König H. Aerobic and facultatively anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria from the gut of the termite Zootermopsis angusticollis. J Appl Microbiol 2002; 92:32-40. [PMID: 11849325 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To demonstrate the occurrence of cellulolytic bacteria in the termite Zootermopsis angusticollis. METHODS AND RESULTS Applying aerobic cultivation conditions we isolated 119 cellulolytic strains from the gut of Z. angusticollis, which were assigned to 23 groups of aerobic, facultatively anaerobic or microaerophilic cellulolytic bacteria. 16S rDNA restriction fragment pattern and partial 16S rDNA sequence analysis, as well as numerical taxonomy, were used for the assignment of the isolates. The Gram-positive bacteria of the actinomycetes branch could be assigned to the order Actinomycetales including the genera Cellulomonas/Oerskovia, Microbacterium and Kocuria. The Gram-positive bacteria from the order Bacillales belonged to the genera Bacillus, Brevibacillus and Paenibacillus. Isolates related to the genera Afipia, Agrobacterium/Rhizobium, Brucella/Ochrobactrum, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas/Zymomonas from the alpha-proteobacteria and Spirosoma-like from the "Flexibacteriaceae" represented the Gram-negative bacteria. CONCLUSIONS A cell titre of up to 10(7) cellulolytic bacteria per ml, determined for some isolates, indicated that they may play a role in cellulose digestion in the termite gut in addition to the cellulolytic flagellates and termite's own cellulases. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The impact of bacteria on cellulose degradation in the termite gut has always been a matter of debate. In the present survey we investigated the aerobic and facultatively anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria in the termite gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wenzel
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Weinforschung, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
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Kämpfer P, Albrecht A, Buczolits S, Busse HJ. Psychrobacter faecalis sp. nov., a new species from a bioaerosol originating from pigeon faeces. Syst Appl Microbiol 2002; 25:31-6. [PMID: 12086186 DOI: 10.1078/0723-2020-00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The taxonomy of strain Iso-46T isolated from a bioaerosol generated by cleaning of a pigeon faeces contaminated room was investigated in a polyphasic approach. The beige pigmented Gram-negative, oxidase-negative organism contained a quinone system with mainly ubiquinone Q-8, and the polar lipid profile was composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol, beside some hitherto uncharacterized phospholipids. Major polyamines were spermidine and putrescine and also small amounts of cadaverine. The analysis of the fatty acids revealed 3-OH 12:0 and 3-OH 14:0 (within summed feature 3) as hydroxylated fatty acids. These chemotaxonomic characteristics suggest that the strain belongs to the gamma-subclass of the Proteobacteria namely into the genus Psychrobacter. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene supported the allocation into the genus Psychrobacter, but showing similarities to all described species of this genus lower than 97%. Iso-46T was able to grow on MacConkey agar and other high nutrient containing media within a temperature range of 4 degrees C to 36 degrees C. On the basis of nutritional and further physiological features, a clear differentiation from all other Psychrobacter species was possible. For these reasons it is proposed to create a new species with the name Psychrobacter faecalis sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany.
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Carr E, Eason H, Feng S, Hoogenraad A, Croome R, Soddell J, Lindrea K, Seviour R. RAPD-PCR typing of Acinetobacter isolates from activated sludge systems designed to remove phosphorus microbiologically. J Appl Microbiol 2001; 90:309-19. [PMID: 11298224 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated whether there were differences in RAPD fingerprints between already described genomic species of Acinetobacter and those from activated sludge systems. Whether plant-specific populations of acinetobacters exist was also examined. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty-two isolates of Acinetobacter from four biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems of different configurations, and the known genomic species, were characterized using RAPD-PCR, and fragments separated on agarose gels. Patterns were analysed using Gel Pro software and data analysed numerically. RAPD-PCR produced patterns suggesting that many environmental isolates differ from known genomic species. In two cases, strains from individual plants clustered closely enough together to imply that there may be plant-specific populations of acinetobacters. CONCLUSION The data suggest that current understanding of the taxonomic status of Acinetobacter may need modifying to accommodate non-clinical isolates, as many of the clusters emerging after numerical analysis of RAPD-PCR fragments from activated sludge isolates were quite separate from the clusters containing the already described genomic species. Some evidence was also obtained from the clusters generated to support a view that particular populations of Acinetobacter may occur in individual activated sludge plants. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These data suggest that the current understanding of the systematics of Acinetobacter, based as it is almost exclusively on clinical isolates, may need drastic revision to accommodate environmental strains. They also suggest that a re-examination of the importance and role of Acinetobacter in the activated sludge process may be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Carr
- Biotechnology Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
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Busse HJ, Denner EB, Lubitz W. Classification and identification of bacteria: current approaches to an old problem. Overview of methods used in bacterial systematics. J Biotechnol 1996; 47:3-38. [PMID: 8782421 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(96)01379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Most of the bacterial species are still unknown. Consequently, our knowledge about bacterial ecology is poor and expectations about specialized species with novel enzymatic functions or new products are high. Thus, bacterial identification is a growing field of interest within microbiology. In this review, suitability of developments for identification based on miniaturized biochemical and physiological investigations of bacteria are evaluated. Special emphasis is given to chemotaxonomic methods such as analysis of quinone system, fatty acid profiles, polar lipid patterns, polyamine patterns, whole cell sugars, peptidoglycan diaminoacids, as well as analytical fingerprinting methods and cellular protein patterning. 16S rDNA sequencing introduced to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of bacteria, nucleic acids hybridization techniques and G + C content determination are discussed as well as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), macrorestriction analysis and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The importance of the different approaches in classification and identification of bacteria according to phylogenetic relationships are demonstrated on selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Busse
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Austria.
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Schäfer A, Konrad R, Kuhnigk T, Kämpfer P, Hertel H, König H. Hemicellulose-degrading bacteria and yeasts from the termite gut. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1996; 80:471-8. [PMID: 9072518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb03245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Termites play a major role in the recycling of photosynthetically fixed carbon. With the aid of their symbiotic intestinal flora, they are able to degrade extensively wood constituents such as cellulose and hemicellulose. Nevertheless, the microbial species involved in the degradation of hemicelluloses are poorly defined. The purpose of this paper was to examine the microflora involved in hemicellulose degradation. Different aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria and yeasts were isolated using xylan, arabinogalactan and carboxymethylcellulose as substrates. Gram-positive isolates belonged to the genera Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Streptomyces or the actinobacteria group, while the Gram-negative strains were assigned to the genera Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Ochrobactrum, and to genera belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. The spectrum and activity of xylan- and arabinogalactan-hydrolysing glycosidases of these new isolates, together with additional bacterial strains originally obtained from enrichments with aromatic compounds were determined.
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Physiological and Chemotaxonomic Characterization of Filamentous Bacteria Belonging to the Genus Haliscomenobacter. Syst Appl Microbiol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Feidieker D, Kämpfer P, Dott W. Microbiological and chemical evaluation of a site contaminated with chlorinated aromatic compounds and hexachlorocyclohexanes. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 1994. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1994.tb00250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Hollender J, Dott W, Hopp J. Regulation of chloro- and methylphenol degradation in Comamonas testosteroni JH5. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60:2330-8. [PMID: 8074514 PMCID: PMC201651 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.7.2330-2338.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Comamonas testosteroni JH5 was isolated from a mixed bacterial culture enriched on different chloro- and methylphenols. The strain completely mineralized a mixture consisting of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 4-methylphenol (4-MP). During degradation of the mixture, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 4-chlorocatechol were detected as short-lived intermediates. Mineralization of 4-CP and that of 4-MP occurred successively and were accompanied by diauxic growth, whereas 4-CP and 2-methylphenol were mineralized simultaneously. It was ascertained that neither a reversible enzyme inhibition nor potential toxic intermediates caused the observed diauxie. Some facts support the hypothesis that the successive degradation of 4-CP and 4-MP is regulated on the level of transcription. C. testosteroni JH5 contained a meta-cleaving enzyme when pregrown on 4-CP and the isomeric monomethylphenols. Inactivation of this enzyme in the presence of 3-chlorocatechol was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hollender
- Fachgebiet Hygiene, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
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Limits and Possibilities of Total Fatty Acid Analysis for Classification and Identification of Bacillus Species. Syst Appl Microbiol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kämpfer P, Tjernberg I, Ursing J. Numerical classification and identification of Acinetobacter genomic species. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1993; 75:259-68. [PMID: 8244904 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb02775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A total of 211 Acinetobacter strains (representing all currently recognized genomic species) were tested for 329 biochemical characters. Overall similarities of all strains were determined for 145 characters by numerical taxonomic techniques, the UPGMA algorithm and the S(SM)) and the S(J) coefficients as measures of similarity. Seven clusters (two or more strains) and three unclustered strains were recovered at a similarity level of 80.0% (S(SM). At this level a complete correspondence between phenotypic cluster and genomic species was found only for genomic species 12 (Ac. radioresistens). At higher similarity levels (84.0% to 84.6% (S(SM)), however, several subclusters were found, each representing a single genomic species. An exception were the strains belonging to the genetically closely related species of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex. These were recovered scattered in several subclusters. The degree of genomic relatedness between some DNA groups correlated with phenotypic similarities, especially for DNA group 8 (Ac. Iwoffii) and 15 of Tjernberg and Ursing, and for DNA group 4 (Ac. haemolyticus) and 6. For the majority of genomic species, two identification matrices were constructed consisting of 22 and 10 diagnostic characters, respectively. The correct identification rates for the matrices were 98.0% (22 tests) and 90.8% (10 tests) taking a Willcox probability > 0.9. For unambiguous identification of some genomic species, however, additional methods (preferably DNA-DNA hybridization or ribotyping) should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kämpfer
- Fachgebiet Hygiene, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
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Auling G, Busse HJ, Egli T, El-Banna T, Stackebrandt E. Description of the Gram-Negative, Obligately Aerobic, Nitrilotriacetate (NTA)-Utilizing Bacteria as Chelatobacter heintzii, gen. nov., sp. nov., and Chelatococcus asaccharovorans, gen. nov., sp. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Bark K, Kämpfer P, Sponner A, Dott W. Polyphosphate-dependent enzymes in some coryneform bacteria isolated from sewage sludge. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1993; 107:133-8. [PMID: 8386121 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06019.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Eleven isolates obtained from a laboratory sewage treatment plant, most of them presumptively assigned to the coryneform genera Curtobacterium and Aureobacterium were studied for the presence of intracellular polyphosphates and polyphosphate dependent enzymes. All isolates stored polyphosphates and showed adenylate kinase activities ranging from 64 to 815 mU mg-1. Polyphosphate:AMP phosphotransferase could only be detected in one isolate. Three isolates showed a polyphosphate kinase activity also in minor amounts from 15 to 17 mU mg-1. A polyphosphate dependent NAD or 3-phosphoglycerate kinase could not be detected. Polyphosphate glucokinase activity was measured in cell-free extracts of nine isolates ranging from 2 to 376 mU mg-1. Three isolates showed in addition to the polyphosphate glucokinase, a glucose-6-phosphate-dependent NAD kinase. For the regeneration of NADP from NAD and polyphosphate, this enzyme system may give the isolates a distinct competitive advantage, especially for anabolic processes. The polyphosphate-dependent enzymes reported here may play an additional role in the complex process of 'biological' phosphate removal from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bark
- Fachgebiet Hygiene, Technische Universität Berlin, FRG
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