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Khankhum S, Khamkaew K, Li H, Prakitchaiwattana C, Siriamornpun S. Impact of Plant Oil Supplementation on Lipid Production and Fatty Acid Composition in Cunninghamella elegans TISTR 3370. Microorganisms 2024; 12:992. [PMID: 38792821 PMCID: PMC11124419 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The Cunninghamella genus has been utilized for the production of PUFA-rich lipids. Therefore, we investigate the impact of plant oil supplementation in the culture medium (soybean oil, rice bran oil, and perilla oil), selected based on their different fatty acid predominant, on lipid production and fatty acid composition in C. elegans (TISTR 3370). All oils significantly boosted fungal growth, each influencing distinct patterns of lipid accumulation within the cells. The cells exhibited distinct patterns of lipid accumulation, forming intracellular lipid bodies, influenced by the different oils. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were found to be the most abundant, followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in the fungal lipid cultures. Oleic acid was identified as the primary MUFA, while palmitic acid was the predominant SFA in perilla oil supplements. Remarkably, perilla oil supplement provided the highest total lipid production with arachidonic acid being exclusively detected. The percentage of PUFAs ranged from 12% in the control to 33% in soybean oil, 32% in rice bran oil, and 61% in perilla oil supplements. These findings offer valuable opportunities for advancing biotechnological applications in lipid production and customization, with implications for food and nutrition as well as pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surasak Khankhum
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai 44150, Maha Sarakham, Thailand;
| | - Karnjana Khamkaew
- Senangkhanikhom School, Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ubonratchathani—Amnat Charoen, Senangkhanikhom 73290, Amnat Charoen, Thailand;
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Cuisine and Nutrition, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China;
| | - Chuenjit Prakitchaiwattana
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Payatai, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Sirithon Siriamornpun
- Research Unit of Thai Food Innovation, Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai 44150, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
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Hao TB, Balamurugan S, Zhang ZH, Liu SF, Wang X, Li DW, Yang WD, Li HY. Effective bioremediation of tobacco wastewater by microalgae at acidic pH for synergistic biomass and lipid accumulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:127820. [PMID: 34865896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco wastewater is too difficult to decontaminate which poses a significant environmental problem due to the harmful and toxic components. Chlorella pyrenoidosa is a typical microalgal species with potential in removal of organic/inorganic pollutants and proves to be an ideal algal-based system for wastewater treatment. However, the strategy of tobacco related wastewater treatment using microalgae is in urgent need of development. In this study, C. pyrenoidosa was used to evaluate the removal efficiency of artificial tobacco wastewater. Under various solid-to-liquid (g/L) ratios, 1:1 ratio and acidic pH 5.0 were optimal for C. pyrenoidosa to grow with high performance of removal capacity to toxic pollutants (such as COD, NH3-N, nicotine, nitrosamines and heavy metals) with the alleviation of oxidative damage. Algal biomass could reach up to 540.24 mg/L. Furthermore, carbon flux of C. pyrenoidosa was reallocated from carbohydrate and protein biosynthesis to lipogenesis with a high lipid content of 268.60 mg/L at pH 5.0. Overall, this study demonstrates an efficient and sustainable strategy for tobacco wastewater treatment at acidic pH with the production of valuable microalgal products, which provides a promising biorefinery strategy for microalgal-based wastewater bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Bin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | | | - Zhong-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Si-Fen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Comparative Analysis of Different Isolated Oleaginous Mucoromycota Fungi for Their γ-Linolenic Acid and Carotenoid Production. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3621543. [PMID: 33204691 PMCID: PMC7665918 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3621543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) and carotenoids have attracted much interest due to their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical importance. Mucoromycota, typical oleaginous filamentous fungi, are known for their production of valuable essential fatty acids and carotenoids. In the present study, 81 fungal strains were isolated from different Egyptian localities, out of which 11 Mucoromycota were selected for further GLA and carotenoid investigation. Comparative analysis of total lipids by GC of selected isolates showed that GLA content was the highest in Rhizomucor pusillus AUMC 11616.A, Mucor circinelloides AUMC 6696.A, and M. hiemalis AUMC 6031 that represented 0.213, 0.211, and 0.20% of CDW, respectively. Carotenoid analysis of selected isolates by spectrophotometer demonstrated that the highest yield of total carotenoids (640 μg/g) was exhibited by M. hiemalis AUMC 6031 and M. hiemalis AUMC 6695, and these isolates were found to have a similar carotenoid profile with, β-carotene (65%), zeaxanthin (34%), astaxanthin, and canthaxanthin (5%) of total carotenoids. The total fatty acids of all tested isolates showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhi, and Penicillium chrysogenum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the highest yield of total lipid accumulation (51.74% CDW) by a new oleaginous fungal isolate R. pusillus AUMC 11616.A. A new scope for a further study on this strain will be established to optimize and improve its total lipids with high GLA production. So, R. pusillus AUMC 11616.A might be a potential candidate for industrial application.
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Jeennor S, Anantayanon J, Panchanawaporn S, Khoomrung S, Chutrakul C, Laoteng K. Reengineering lipid biosynthetic pathways of Aspergillus oryzae for enhanced production of γ-linolenic acid and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid. Gene 2019; 706:106-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Qiao W, Tao J, Luo Y, Tang T, Miao J, Yang Q. Microbial oil production from solid-state fermentation by a newly isolated oleaginous fungus, Mucor circinelloides Q531 from mulberry branches. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180551. [PMID: 30564386 PMCID: PMC6281923 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a newly isolated oleaginous fungus, Mucor circinelloides (M. circinelloides) Q531, was able to convert mulberry branches into lipids. The highest yield and the maximum lipid content produced by the fungal cells were 42.43 ± 4.01 mg per gram dry substrate (gds) and 28.8 ± 2.85%, respectively. The main components of lignocellulosic biomass were gradually reduced during solid-state fermentation (SSF). Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were decreased from 45.11, 31.39 and 17.36% to 41.48, 28.71, and 15.1%, respectively. Gas chromatography analysis showed that the major compositions of the fermented products were palmitic acid (C16:0, 18.42%), palmitoleic acid (C16:1, 5.56%), stearic acid (C18:0, 5.87%), oleic acid (C18:1, 33.89%), linoleic acid (C18:2, 14.45%) and γ-linolenic acid (C18:3 n6, 22.53%) after 2 days of SSF. The fatty acid methyl esters contained unsaturated fatty acids with a ratio of 75.95%. The composition and content obtained in this study are more advantageous than those of many other biomass lipids. Meanwhile, the oleaginous fungus had a high cellulase activity of 1.39 ± 0.09 FPU gds-1. The results indicate that the enzyme activity of the isolated fungus was capable of converting the cellulose and hemicelluloses to available sugar monomers which are beneficial for the production of lipids.
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Vajpeyi S, Chandran K. Microbial conversion of synthetic and food waste-derived volatile fatty acids to lipids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 188:49-55. [PMID: 25697838 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus albidus was evaluated using mixtures of volatile fatty acids (VFA) as substrates. In general, batch growth under nitrogen limitation led to higher lipid accumulation using synthetic VFA. During batch growth, an initial COD:N ratio of 25:1mg COD:mg N led to maximum intracellular lipid accumulation (28.3 ± 0.7% g/g dry cell weight), which is the maximum reported for C. albidus using VFA as the carbon source, without compromising growth kinetics. At this feed COD:N ratio, chemostat cultures fed with synthetic VFA yielded statistically similar intracellular lipid content as batch cultures (29.9 ± 1.9%, g/g). However, batch cultures fed with VFA produced from the fermentation of food waste, yielded a lower lipid content (14.9 ± 0.1%, g/g). The lipid composition obtained with synthetic and food-waste-derived VFA was similar to commercial biodiesel feedstock. We therefore demonstrate the feasibility of linking biochemical waste treatment and biofuel production using VFA as key intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashwat Vajpeyi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States.
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Tang X, Zhang H, Chen H, Chen YQ, Chen W, Song Y. Effects of 20 standard amino acids on the growth, total fatty acids production, and γ-linolenic acid yield in Mucor circinelloides. Curr Microbiol 2014; 69:899-908. [PMID: 25117649 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Twenty standard amino acids were examined as single nitrogen source on the growth, total fatty acids production, and yield of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) in Mucor circinelloides. Of the amino acids, tyrosine gave the highest biomass and lipid accumulation and thus resulted in a high GLA yield with respective values of 17.8 g/L, 23 % (w/w, dry cell weight, DCW), and 0.81 g/L, which were 36, 25, and 72 % higher than when the fungus was grown with ammonium tartrate. To find out the potential mechanism underlying the increased lipid accumulation of M. circinelloides when grown on tyrosine, the activity of lipogenic enzymes of the fungus during lipid accumulation phase was measured. The enzyme activities of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and ATP-citrate lyase were up-regulated, while NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase was down-regulated by tyrosine during the lipid accumulation phase of the fungus which suggested that these enzymes may be involved in the increased lipid biosynthesis by tyrosine in this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
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Wei H, Wang W, Yarbrough JM, Baker JO, Laurens L, Van Wychen S, Chen X, Taylor LE, Xu Q, Himmel ME, Zhang M. Genomic, proteomic, and biochemical analyses of oleaginous Mucor circinelloides: evaluating its capability in utilizing cellulolytic substrates for lipid production. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71068. [PMID: 24023719 PMCID: PMC3762813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid production by oleaginous microorganisms is a promising route to produce raw material for the production of biodiesel. However, most of these organisms must be grown on sugars and agro-industrial wastes because they cannot directly utilize lignocellulosic substrates. We report the first comprehensive investigation of Mucor circinelloides, one of a few oleaginous fungi for which genome sequences are available, for its potential to assimilate cellulose and produce lipids. Our genomic analysis revealed the existence of genes encoding 13 endoglucanases (7 of them secretory), 3 β-D-glucosidases (2 of them secretory) and 243 other glycoside hydrolase (GH) proteins, but not genes for exoglucanases such as cellobiohydrolases (CBH) that are required for breakdown of cellulose to cellobiose. Analysis of the major PAGE gel bands of secretome proteins confirmed expression of two secretory endoglucanases and one β-D-glucosidase, along with a set of accessory cell wall-degrading enzymes and 11 proteins of unknown function. We found that M. circinelloides can grow on CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) and cellobiose, confirming the enzymatic activities of endoglucanases and β-D-glucosidases, respectively. The data suggested that M. circinelloides could be made usable as a consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) strain by introducing a CBH (e.g. CBHI) into the microorganism. This proposal was validated by our demonstration that M. circinelloides growing on Avicel supplemented with CBHI produced about 33% of the lipid that was generated in glucose medium. Furthermore, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis showed that when growing on pre-saccharified Avicel substrates, it produced a higher proportion of C14 fatty acids, which has an interesting implication in that shorter fatty acid chains have characteristics that are ideal for use in jet fuel. This substrate-specific shift in FAME profile warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HW); (MEH); (MZ)
| | - Wei Wang
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - John M. Yarbrough
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - John O. Baker
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lieve Laurens
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Stefanie Van Wychen
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Larry E. Taylor
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Qi Xu
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HW); (MEH); (MZ)
| | - Min Zhang
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HW); (MEH); (MZ)
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Liu Z, Ruan Z, Xiao Y, Yi Y, Tang YJ, Liao W, Liu Y. Integration of sewage sludge digestion with advanced biofuel synthesis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 132:166-70. [PMID: 23399500 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge rich in carbohydrates and other nutrients could be a good feedstock for fuel/chemical production. In this study, fungal and engineered bacterial cultivations were integrated with a modified anaerobic digestion to accumulate fatty acids on sewage sludge. The anaerobic digestion was first adjusted to enable acetogenic bacteria to accumulate acetate. A fungus (Mortierella isabellina) and an engineered bacterium (Escherichia coli created by optimizing acetate utilization and fatty acid biosynthesis as well as overexpressing a regulatory transcription factor fadR) were then cultured on the acetate solution to accumulate fatty acids. The engineered bacterium had higher fatty acid yield and titer than the fungus. Both medium- and long-chain fatty acids (C12:0-C18:0) were produced by the engineered bacterium, while the fungus mainly synthesized long-chain fatty acids (C16:0-C18:3). This study demonstrated a potential path that combines fungus or engineered bacterium with anaerobic digestion to achieve simultaneous organic waste treatment and advanced biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Liu
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Papanikolaou S, Aggelis G. Lipids of oleaginous yeasts. Part I: Biochemistry of single cell oil production. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zinn M, Witholt B, Egli T. Dual nutrient limited growth: models, experimental observations, and applications. J Biotechnol 2004; 113:263-79. [PMID: 15380660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2003] [Revised: 01/19/2004] [Accepted: 03/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dual nutrient limited growth, the control of the cell growth rate (kinetic aspect) or the restriction of the amount of biomass (stoichiometric aspect) by two nutrients at the same time, is a relatively unknown ability of the microorganisms and consequently, still not mentioned in textbooks to date. Nevertheless, multiple nutrient limited or controlled growth has been reported for different systems; e.g. ecosystems, batch, fed-batch, and chemostat cultures. Generally, dual nutrient limited growth has been observed when the microorganism of interest: (a) showed a variation of the cellular composition, (b) was able to accumulate a storage compound, (c) changed the cell metabolism, or (d) excreted metabolic intermediates. Consequently, stoichiometric models have been developed to estimate the growth conditions leading to dual nutrient limited growth. A general problem of the kinetic aspect is the accurate measurement of the growth controlling nutrients in the culture broth (microg l(-1) range), as the cells may consume residual nutrients during sampling. Nevertheless, most models of dual limited growth deal with the kinetic aspect although the control experiments are difficult to carry out. The aim of this survey is to introduce this special growth feature with respect to basic models, experimental data, and potential applications in bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Zinn
- Biocompatible Materials, Swiss Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen.
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Sahasrabudhe NA, Sankpal NV. Production of organic acids and metabolites of fungi for food industry. AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PRODUCTION 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-5334(01)80016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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BANDYOPADHYAY S, GHOSH S, CHAUDHURI S, BHATTACHARYYA DK. Production of γ-Linolenic Acid by Rhizopus nigricans SSSD-8. J Oleo Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.50.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Santinath GHOSH
- Department of Chemical technology, Oil Technology division, Calcutta University
| | - Samita CHAUDHURI
- Department of Chemical technology, Oil Technology division, Calcutta University
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