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de Jesus Guedes T, Pio dos Santos WT. Fast and Simple Electrochemical Analysis Kit for Quality Control of Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago de Jesus Guedes
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK; 39100-000 Diamantina, MG Brasil
| | - Wallans Torres Pio dos Santos
- Departamento de Farmácia; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK; 39100-000 Diamantina, MG Brasil
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2
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Muhammad S, Xu G, Wei F, Ma Y, Ma Y, Song Y, Shi M, Xu X, Cen Y, Hu Q. Determination of Verapamil HCl in Pharmaceutical Preparations by a Fluorescent Nano Probe Based on CdTe/CdS/ZnS Quantum Dots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E358. [PMID: 29084166 PMCID: PMC5707575 DOI: 10.3390/nano7110358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An analytical technique based on fluorescence quenching of CdTe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) was developed to quantify verapamil in commercially available preparations. Various reaction parameters were optimized and the method developed was validated. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests at a 5% significance level were performed to justify the significance of the variation in observations. The linear range of the verapamil concentration was 0.25-5 µg/mL while the limit of detection was 20 µg/mL. Recovery and relative standard deviations were not more than ±10% of the actual amount and <5.9%, respectively. Foreign materials, common metal ions and pharmaceutical excipients of dosage forms caused little interference. To verify the application of the analytical method, the quantity of verapamil in commercially available dosage forms was measured. Verapamil content in the tablets and injections was not more than ±10% of the stated amount and it conformed to the specifications of both the British and the United States pharmacopoeias. In the case of statistical analysis, p-value was <0.05 in almost all levels of all parameters except for the optimized level of system. It can be concluded from the results that the designed method is simple, reliable, cost effective, selective, rapid and sensitive enough to be used for quantitative measurement of the verapamil HCl in dosage forms for quality control purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Muhammad
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guanhong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Fangdi Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yujie Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yunsu Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yueyue Song
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Menglan Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoman Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yao Cen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qin Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Analytical method development and validation for the analysis of verapamil hydrochloride and its related substances by using ultra perfomance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 137:189-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Fluoroquinolone Antibacterials by Ion-pair Complex Formation with Cobalt (II) Tetrathiocyanate. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200500012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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El-Brashy AM, Metwally MES, El-Sepai FA. Spectrophotometric and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic Determination of Some Fluoroquinolone Antibacterials by Ion-pair Complex Formation with Bismuth (III) Tetraiodide. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200500038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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6
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Abdellaziz LM, Hosny MM. Development and validation of spectrophotometric, atomic absorption and kinetic methods for determination of moxifloxacin hydrochloride. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2011; 6:67-78. [PMID: 22219661 PMCID: PMC3239224 DOI: 10.4137/aci.s8090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Three simple spectrophotometric and atomic absorption spectrometric methods are developed and validated for the determination of moxifloxacin HCl in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. Method (A) is a kinetic method based on the oxidation of moxifloxacin HCl by Fe(3+) ion in the presence of 1,10 o-phenanthroline (o-phen). Method (B) describes spectrophotometric procedures for determination of moxifloxacin HCl based on its ability to reduce Fe (III) to Fe (II), which was rapidly converted to the corresponding stable coloured complex after reacting with 2,2' bipyridyl (bipy). The formation of the tris-complex formed in both methods (A) and (B) were carefully studied and their absorbance were measured at 510 and 520 nm respectively. Method (C) is based on the formation of ion- pair associated between the drug and bismuth (III) tetraiodide in acidic medium to form orange-red ion-pair associates. This associate can be quantitatively determined by three different procedures. The formed precipitate is either filtered off, dissolved in acetone and quantified spectrophotometrically at 462 nm (Procedure 1), or decomposed by hydrochloric acid, and the bismuth content is determined by direct atomic absorption spectrometric (Procedure 2). Also the residual unreacted metal complex in the filtrate is determined through its metal content using indirect atomic absorption spectrometric technique (procedure 3). All the proposed methods were validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, the three proposed methods permit the determination of moxifloxacin HCl in the range of (0.8-6, 0.8-4) for methods A and B, (16-96, 16-96 and 16-72) for procedures 1-3 in method C. The limits of detection and quantitation were calculated, the precision of the methods were satisfactory; the values of relative standard deviations did not exceed 2%. The proposed methods were successfully applied to determine the drug in its pharmaceutical formulations without interference from the common excipients. The results obtained by the proposed methods were comparable with those obtained by the reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna M. Abdellaziz
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mervat M. Hosny
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Srinivasan V, Sivaramakrishnan H, Karthikeyan B. Detection, isolation and characterization of principal synthetic route indicative impurities in verapamil hydrochloride. Sci Pharm 2011; 79:555-68. [PMID: 21886903 PMCID: PMC3163365 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1101-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two unknown impurities were detected in verapamil hydrochloride bulk drug using isocratic reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These impurities were isolated by preparative HPLC. Spectral data for the isolated impurities were collected. Based on the spectral data derived from two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS), impurity-1 and impurity-2 were characterized as 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methylbut-2-enenitrile and 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-isopropyl-3-methylbutanenitrile, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Srinivasan
- Analytical Development Laboratory, Piramal Healthcare Ltd, Ennore, Chennai 600 057, India
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8
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Idris AM, Ibrahim AEE, Abulkibash AM, Saleh TA, Ibrahim KEE. Rapid inexpensive assay method for verapamil by spectrophotometric sequential injection analysis. Drug Test Anal 2011; 3:380-6. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Study on the Interaction Between Verapamil Hydrochloride and Eosin Y by Absorption, Fluorescence and Resonance Rayleigh Scattering Spectra and Their Analytical Applications. J Fluoresc 2010; 21:723-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0762-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Demircan Ş, Kır S, Ozkan SA. Electroanalytical Characterization of Verapamil and its Voltammetric Determination in Pharmaceuticals and Human Serum. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701298453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Applications of ion associates for the microdetermination of vardenafil using atomic emission spectrometry. Mikrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-006-0706-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Xu D, Liu S, Liu Z, Hu X. Determination of verapamil hydrochloride with 12-tungstophosphoric acid by resonance Rayleigh scattering method coupled to flow injection system. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 588:10-5. [PMID: 17386787 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Revised: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A flow injection analysis (FIA) method coupled to resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) detection for the determination of verapamil hydrochloride (VP) was proposed. In pH 1.0 acidic medium, 12-tungstophosphoric acid (TP) reacted with VP to form an ion-association complex, which resulted in a significant enhancement of RRS intensity. The maximum scattering peak was located at 293 nm. RRS intensity was proportional to the concentration of VP in the range of 0.017-13.0 microg mL(-1), and the detection limit (3sigma) was 5.1 ng mL(-1). The proposed method exhibited satisfactory reproducibility with a relative standard derivation (R.S.D.) of 2.1% for 11 successive determinations of 5.0 microg mL(-1) VP. Therefore, a novel method for the determination of VP by FIA-RRS was developed. The optimum reaction conditions and the parameters of the FIA operation such as flow rate, injection volume, reactor length, and so on had been optimized in this paper. The present method had been applied to the determination of VP in serum samples and pharmaceuticals with satisfactory results. The maximal sample throughput in the optimized system was 80 h(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongpo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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Abramović BF, Guzsvány VJ, Gaál FF. Phosphorus-doped and undoped glassy carbon indicator electrodes in controlled-current potentiometric titrations of bromide- or chloride-containing active ingredients in some pharmaceutical preparations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 37:265-71. [PMID: 15708666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2004] [Revised: 10/20/2004] [Accepted: 10/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus-doped glassy carbon (as a novel material) and glassy carbon (Sigri commercial sample) were applied as potentiometric indicator electrodes in the titrimetric determination of active components with bromide or chloride in their molecules in different pharmaceutical preparations (Buscopan, Prostigmine, Isoptin, Bedoxin, Akineton and Trodon). After the necessary pre-treatment of the electrode surfaces and sample dissolution, the halide was titrated with a standard solution of silver nitrate (indirect determination). Amounts of 10-20 micromol of the investigated active ingredients per titration were determined with a relative standard deviation that, depending on the nature of indicator electrode, determined molecules and filler components, was in the range of 0.3-2.7%. The results obtained were compared with those of the official methods and with those obtained by potentiometric titrations using silver electrode. The titrimetric procedures developed are relatively fast, easy, economical and can be used to analyse of a large number of pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana F Abramović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro.
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Rahman N, Hejaz Azmi SN. Spectrophotometric method for the determination of verapamil hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations using N-bromosuccinimide as oxidant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 59:529-36. [PMID: 15231428 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2004.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2003] [Accepted: 02/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, simple and sensitive validated visible spectrophotometric method has been described for the assay of verapamil hydrochloride either in pure form or in pharmaceutical formulations. The method involves the oxidation of the verapamil hydrochloride with N-bromosuccinimide in perchloric acid medium at room temperature, leading to the formation of a yellow colored product, which absorbs maximally at 415 nm. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the color is stable up to 45 min and Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 10.0-200.0 microg ml(-1) with molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity of 2.55 x 10(3) l mol(-1) cm(-1) and 0.192 microg cm(-2) per 0.001 absorbance unit, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of the drug in commercial dosage forms. Statistical comparison of the results with those of a reference method by means of point and interval hypothesis shows excellent agreement and indicates no significant difference in accuracy and precision. Results of analyses were optimized and validated statistically and through recovery studies. The experimental true bias of all samples is smaller than +/-2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India.
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Wang L, Marley M, Jahansouz H, Bahnck C. Determination of content uniformity and distribution characteristics of an investigational drug in its tablets dosage form and granule by ICP-AES. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 33:955-61. [PMID: 14656586 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An investigational drug (A) in its calcium salt form has been developed as the tablet dosage form. Monitoring drug distribution and uniformity in granules and tablets during early stage formulation/process development is critical for drug product quality control and process robustness. In this report, an efficient and reliable analytical method for monitoring drug compound A uniformity and distribution has been developed by analyzing calcium, the counter ion of the drug substance, by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). In this method, calcium in compound A granule and tablet samples was digested with 1 M hydrochloric acid by heating at 90 degrees C for 2 h. The resulting suspension was centrifuged, and the supernatant was directly aspirated into an ICP-AES. This method has been validated to demonstrate satisfactory precision, accuracy, specificity and sensitivity. Finally, this method has been used to analyze sieve fraction granules and tablets of drug compound A. The data generated were highly comparable to those by validated HPLC methods (UV method can not be applicable due to significant bias). In comparison with HPLC methods, this method demonstrates a significantly improved efficiency with very short analysis time (1 min per sample), and can be used as an excellent alternative for UV and HPLC methods to support formulation screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Merck Research Laboratories, WP44K, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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