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Shukla P, Srivastava P, Mishra A. Downstream process intensification for biotechnologically generated hyaluronic acid: Purification and characterization. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 136:232-238. [PMID: 37393187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), an anionic, non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan, has several clinical applications. This study examines several downstream methods for purifying HA with maximum recovery and purity. Following the fermentation of Streptococcus zooepidemicus MTCC 3523 to produce HA, the broth was thoroughly purified to separate cell debris and insoluble impurities using a filtration procedure and a variety of adsorbents for soluble impurities. Nucleic acids, proteins with high molecular weight, were successfully removed from the broth using activated carbons and XAD-7 resins. In contrast, insoluble and low molecular weight impurities were removed using diafiltration, with HA recovery of 79.16% and purity close to 90%. Different analytical and characterization procedures such as Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning electron microscopy validated the presence, purity, and structure of HA. Microbial HA showed activity in tests for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radical-scavenging (4.87 ± 0.45 kmol TE/g), total antioxidant capacity (13.32 ± 0.52%), hydroxyl radical-scavenging (32.03 ± 0.12%), and reducing power (24.85 ± 0.45%). The outcomes showed that the precipitation, adsorption, and diafiltration processes are suitable for extracting HA from a fermented broth under the chosen operating conditions. The HA produced was of pharmaceutical grade for non-injectable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Shukla
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), 221005 Varanasi, India.
| | - Pradeep Srivastava
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), 221005 Varanasi, India.
| | - Abha Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), 221005 Varanasi, India.
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2
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Rivas F, DeAngelis PL, Rahbar E, Hall AR. Optimizing the sensitivity and resolution of hyaluronan analysis with solid-state nanopores. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4469. [PMID: 35296752 PMCID: PMC8927330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is an essential carbohydrate in vertebrates that is a potentially robust bioindicator due to its critical roles in diverse physiological functions in health and disease. The intricate size-dependent function that exists for HA and its low abundance in most biological fluids have highlighted the need for sensitive technologies to provide accurate and quantitative assessments of polysaccharide molecular weight and concentration. We have demonstrated that solid state (SS-) nanopore technology can be exploited for this purpose, given its molecular sensitivity and analytical capacity, but there remains a need to further understand the impacts of experimental variables on the SS-nanopore signal for optimal interpretation of results. Here, we use model quasi-monodisperse HA polymers to determine the dependence of HA signal characteristics on a range of SS-nanopore measurement conditions, including applied voltage, pore diameter, and ionic buffer asymmetry. Our results identify important factors for improving the signal-to-noise ratio, resolution, and sensitivity of HA analysis with SS-nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Rivas
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Elaheh Rahbar
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Adam R Hall
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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3
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Quantification of the actual composition of polymeric nanocapsules: a quality control analysis. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2865-2874. [PMID: 35303273 PMCID: PMC9512864 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanocapsules (NCs) are drug delivery nanosystems that contain an oily core, stabilized by a surfactant, and surrounded by a polymeric shell. The assembling of the components is based on physical and physicochemical forces, and, hence, usually, only a fraction of each component is finally part of the NCs' structure, while the remaining amount might be solubilized or forming micelles in the NCs' suspending medium. Usually, reports on the characterization of nanostructures simply indicate the association efficiency of the loaded drugs instead of their complete final composition. In this work, we have developed a liquid chromatography (LC) mass spectrometry (MS) methodology that allows the quantification of all the components of a series of NCs prepared by different techniques, namely DL-α-tocopherol; D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate; benzethonium; lecithin; hexadecyltrimethylammonium; 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammoniumpropane; caprylic/capric triglycerides; macrogol 15-hydroxystearate; polysorbate 80; polysialic acid; hyaluronic acid; and polyethylene glycol polyglutamic acid. The LC-MS method was validated in terms of linearity (0.9383 < r2 < 0.9997), quantification limits, and recoveries of the isolated NCs' and waste fractions. The final composition of the isolated NCs was found to strongly depend on their composition and preparation technique. In our view, the rigorous quantification of the exact composition of nanosystems is essential for the progress of nanotechnology. This quantitative analysis will allow researchers to draw more accurate conclusions about the influence of the nanosystems' composition on their biological performance.
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4
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Analysis of hyaluronan and its derivatives using chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:117014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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5
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Chang WH, Liu PY, Jiang YT, Hsu YHH. A Sensitive Chromatographic Method for Hyaluronate Quantification Applied to Analyze the Desorption Behavior on Contact Lenses. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190304142952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) is generally supplemented in products related to contact lenses for increasing comfort during wearing. The quantity of sodium hyaluronate and the material of lenses affect the retention of sodium hyaluronate on the contact lenses.Methods:We developed a convenient and sensitive but unconventional chromatographic method to quantify sodium hyaluronate and analyze its release behavior from contact lenses. The reverse-phase chromatography eluted sodium hyaluronate with high molecular masses in the shortest time and could separate salt and small compounds from sodium hyaluronate.Results:This method could accurately quantify sodium hyaluronate with diverse molecular sizes. Because sodium hyaluronate was eluted in a narrow time frame, sensitivity was significantly enhanced, and the limit of detection of this method was 0.45 μg/mL. According to this quantitation method, the attached quantity of sodium hyaluronate is related to the water content of the material. Furthermore, a material test indicated that the release efficiency of sodium hyaluronate depends on the material of lenses. Nonionic Polymacon had a longer half-life in the sodium hyaluronate release curve than negative Methafilcon A and silicone hydrogel.Conclusion:This hyaluronate quantification method is a fast, sensitive and accurate method, making it suitable for the in vitro hyaluronate research without further derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei-Yi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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6
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Photosynthetic conversion of CO2 to hyaluronic acid by engineered strains of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Keizers PH, Vanhee C, van den Elzen EM, de Jong WH, Venhuis BJ, Hodemaekers HM, Schwillens P, Lensen DG. A high crosslinking grade of hyaluronic acid found in a dermal filler causing adverse effects. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:173-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Abstract
Hyaluronan (or hyaluronic acid, HA) is a ubiquitous molecule that plays critical roles in numerous physiological functions in vivo, including tissue hydration, inflammation, and joint lubrication. Both the abundance and size distribution of HA in biological fluids are recognized as robust indicators of various pathologies and disease progressions. However, such analyses remain challenging because conventional methods are not sufficiently sensitive, have limited dynamic range, and/or are only semi-quantitative. Here we demonstrate label-free detection and molecular weight discrimination of HA with a solid-state nanopore sensor. We first employ synthetic HA polymers to validate the measurement approach and then use the platform to determine the size distribution of as little as 10 ng of HA extracted directly from synovial fluid in an equine model of osteoarthritis. Our results establish a quantitative method for assessment of a significant molecular biomarker that bridges a gap in the current state of the art.
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Determination of modification degree in BDDE-modified hyaluronic acid hydrogel by SEC/MS. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 131:233-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Holubova L, Korecka L, Podzimek S, Moravcova V, Rotkova J, Ehlova T, Velebny V, Bilkova Z. Enhanced multiparametric hyaluronan degradation for production of molar-mass-defined fragments. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 112:271-6. [PMID: 25129744 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is known to serve as a dynamic mediator intervening in many physiological functions. Its specific effect has been repeatedly confirmed to be strongly influenced by the molecular size of hyaluronan fragments. However common technological approaches of HA fragments production have their limitations. In many cases, the final products do not meet the strict pharmaceutical requirements, specifically due to size polydispersity and reaction contaminants. We present novel methodology based on combination of unique incidental ability of the plant-derived protease papain to split the glycosidic bonds and an indispensable advantages of biocompatible macroporous material with incorporated ferrous ions serving as carrier for covalent papain fixation. This atypical and yet unpublished highly efficient multiparametric approach allows enhanced HA fragmentation for easily and safely producing molar-mass-defined HA fragments with narrow size distribution. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and size exclusion chromatography/multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS) confirmed the effectiveness of our multiparametric approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Holubova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 3210 Pardubice, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 3210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Korecka
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 3210 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Stepan Podzimek
- Synthetic Polymers, Fibres and Textiles Chemistry Unit, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 3210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Moravcova
- Contipro Pharma a.s., Dolni Dobrouc 401, 561 02 Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Rotkova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 3210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Ehlova
- Contipro Pharma a.s., Dolni Dobrouc 401, 561 02 Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Velebny
- Contipro Pharma a.s., Dolni Dobrouc 401, 561 02 Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bilkova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 3210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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11
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Volpi N, Galeotti F, Yang B, Linhardt RJ. Analysis of glycosaminoglycan-derived, precolumn, 2-aminoacridone–labeled disaccharides with LC-fluorescence and LC-MS detection. Nat Protoc 2014; 9:541-58. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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12
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Vigliano M, Bianchera A, Bettini R, Elviri L. Determination of Hyaluronic Acid in a Chitosan-Based Formulation by RP C18 and HILIC LC–ESI-MS: an Evaluation of Matrix Effect. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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On-line separation and characterization of hyaluronan oligosaccharides derived from radical depolymerization. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 96:503-9. [PMID: 23768593 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radicals are widely implicated in the oxidation of carbohydrates in biological and industrial processes and are often responsible for their structural modification resulting in functional damage. In this study, the radical depolymerization of the polysaccharide hyaluronan was studied in a reaction with hydroxyl radicals generated by Fenton Chemistry. A simple method for isolation and identification of the resulting non-sulfated oligosaccharide products of oxidative depolymerization was established. Hyaluronan oligosaccharides were analyzed using ion-pairing reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem electrospray mass spectrometry. The sequence of saturated hyaluronan oligosaccharides having even- and odd-numbers of saccharide units, afforded through oxidative depolymerization, were identified. This study represents a simple, effective 'fingerprinting' protocol for detecting the damage done to hyaluronan by oxidative radicals. This study should help reveal the potential biological outcome of reactive-oxygen radical-mediated depolymerization of hyaluronan.
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Furukawa T, Arai M, Garcia-Martin F, Amano M, Hinou H, Nishimura SI. Glycoblotting-based high throughput protocol for the structural characterization of hyaluronan degradation products during enzymatic fragmentation. Glycoconj J 2012; 30:171-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Carbohydrates exhibit many physiologically and pharmacologically important activities, yet their complicated structure and sequence pose major analytical challenges. Although their structural complexity makes analysis of carbohydrate difficult, mass spectrometry (MS) with high sensitivity, resolution and accuracy has become a vital tool in many applications related to analysis of carbohydrates or oligosaccharides. This application is essentially based on soft ionization technique which facilitates the ionization and vaporization of large, polar and thermally labile biomolecules. Electrospray-ionization (ESI), one of the soft ionization technique, tandem MS has been used in the sequencing of peptides, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and more recently carbohydrates. The development of the ESI and tandem MS has begun to make carbohydrate analysis more routine. This review will focus on the application of the ESI tandem MS for the sequence analysis of native oligosaccharides, including neutral saccharides with multiple linkages, and the uronic acid polymers, alginate and glycosaminoglycans structures containing epimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2003-2004. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2009; 28:273-361. [PMID: 18825656 PMCID: PMC7168468 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the third update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings the topic to the end of 2004. Both fundamental studies and applications are covered. The main topics include methodological developments, matrices, fragmentation of carbohydrates and applications to large polymeric carbohydrates from plants, glycans from glycoproteins and those from various glycolipids. Other topics include the use of MALDI MS to study enzymes related to carbohydrate biosynthesis and degradation, its use in industrial processes, particularly biopharmaceuticals and its use to monitor products of chemical synthesis where glycodendrimers and carbohydrate-protein complexes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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Zhang Z, Xie J, Liu J, Linhardt RJ. Tandem MS can distinguish hyaluronic acid from N-acetylheparosan. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2008; 19:82-90. [PMID: 18061476 PMCID: PMC2248612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Revised: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Isobaric oligosaccharides enzymatically prepared from hyaluronic acid (HA) and N-acetylheparosan (NAH), were distinguished using tandem mass spectrometry. The only difference between the two series of oligosaccharides was the linkage pattern (in HA 1-->3 and in NAH 1-->4) between glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues. Tandem mass spectrometry afforded spectra in which glycosidic cleavage fragment ions were observed for both HA and NAH oligosaccharides. Cross-ring cleavage ions 0,2An and 0,2An-h (n is even number) were observed only in GlcNAc residues of NAH oligosaccharides. One exception was an 0,2A2 ion fragment observed for the disaccharide from HA. These cross-ring cleavage fragment ions are useful to definitively distinguish HA and NAH oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering and Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180
| | - Jin Xie
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering and Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering and Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180
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Volpi N. Mass spectrometry characterization of Escherichia coli K4 oligosaccharides from 2-mers to more than 20-mers. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:3459-3466. [PMID: 17922485 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The separation and characterization of oligosaccharides obtained by hyaluronidase [E.C. 3.2.1.35] digestion of Escherichia coli K4 polysaccharide using online high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS) are presented. Complete identification and structural information for oligosaccharides containing 2-24 monomers (from 2- to 24-mers) were obtained. In particular, smaller K4 species, from 2-mers to 4-mers, exhibited mainly [M-H](-1) anions, whereas the 6- to 8-mers existed predominantly at the charge state of -2. The K4 oligomers from 10-mers to 14-mers were mainly represented by [M-3H](-3) anions while species from 16- to 20-mers were characterized by a charge state of -4. K4 oligosaccharides from 22- to 24-mers existed as [M-4H](-4) and [M-5H](-5) anions and, for this latter species, ions having a charge state of -6 appeared. For smaller K4 species, in particular from 6-mers to 10-mers, ESI-MS revealed anions related to the loss of one monosaccharide unit from the oligomers due to apparent collisional activation and ion source fragmentation. However, no odd-numbered anions were produced for K4 2/4-mer species or for oligosaccharides greater than 12-mers, while for K4 species 8/10-mer, ESI-MS revealed odd-numbered anions generally in low relative abundance making the interpretation of the spectra easier. The ESI-MS spectra of oligosaccharides separated by online HPLC were applied to the evaluation of the K4 polymerization process, confirming that the addition of fructose units is not critical for chain elongation as variously fructosylated oligomer species were detected directly on the K4 carbohydrate backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Volpi
- Department of Biologia Animale, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Busse K, Averbeck M, Anderegg U, Arnold K, Simon JC, Schiller J. The signal-to-noise ratio as a measure of HA oligomer concentration: a MALDI-TOF MS study. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:1065-70. [PMID: 16584713 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Revised: 03/01/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry) was used to determine ng amounts of defined hyaluronan (HA) oligomers obtained by enzymatic digestion of high molecular weight HA with testicular hyaluronate lyase. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of the positive and negative ion spectra represents a reliable concentration measure: Amounts of HA down to about 40 fmol could be determined and there is a linear correlation between the S/N ratio and the HA amount between about 0.8 pmol and 40 fmol. However, the detection limits depend considerably on the size of the HA oligomer with larger oligomers being less sensitively detectable. The advantages and drawbacks of the S/N ratio as concentration measure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Busse
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
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Kühn AV, Ozegowski JH, Peschel G, Neubert RHH. Complementary exploration of the action pattern of hyaluronate lyase from Streptococcus agalactiae using capillary electrophoresis, gel-permeation chromatography and viscosimetric measurements. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:2541-7. [PMID: 15476715 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2004] [Accepted: 08/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) was treated with hyaluronate lyase (GBS HA lyase, E.C. 4.2.2.1, from Streptococcus agalactiae strain 4755), and the products have been analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE-UV and online CE-ESIMS), gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) and viscosimetric measurements. The resulting electropherograms showed that the enzyme produced a mixture of oligosaccharides with a 4,5-unsaturated uronic acid nonreducing terminus. More exhaustive degradation of HA led to increasing amounts of di-, tetra-, hexa-, octa- and decasaccharides. Using CE, linear relationships were found between peak area of the observed oligosaccharides and reaction time. Determination of viscosity at different stages of reaction yielded an initial rapid decrease following Michaelis-Menten theory. A reaction time-dependent change in the elution position of the HA peak due to partial digestion of HA with GBS hyaluronate lyase has been observed by GPC. These results indicated that the HA lyase under investigation is an eliminase that acts in a nonprocessive endolytic manner, as at all stages of digestion a mixture of oligosaccharides of different size were found. For GBS HA lyase from Streptococcus agalactiae strain 3502, previously published findings reported an action pattern that involves an initial random endolytic cleavage followed by rapid exolytic and processive release of unsaturated disaccharides. Our results suggest that differences between the two enzymes from distinct S. agalactiae strains (GBS strains 4755 and 3502) have to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea V Kühn
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Street 4, 06120 Halle (S.), Germany
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2003; 38:588-595. [PMID: 12794882 DOI: 10.1002/jms.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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23
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Kühn AV, Rüttinger HH, Neubert RHH, Raith K. Identification of hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides by direct coupling of capillary electrophoresis with electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2003; 17:576-582. [PMID: 12621620 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new method for the identification of oligosaccharides obtained by enzymatic digestion of hyaluronic acid (HA) with bacterial hyaluronidase (HA lyase, E.C. 4.2.2.1, from Streptococcus agalactiae) using online capillary electrophoresis/electrospray mass spectrometry (CE/ESI-MS) is presented. A fused-silica capillary coated with polyacrylamide was used with a 40 mM ammonium acetate buffer at pH 9.0 and a separation voltage of +30 kV applied to the inlet. Separation was achieved for oligosaccharides containing 4-16 monomers. The migration behavior follows the chain length of the oligomers, regardless of charge state. However, no linear relationship was found for the relation between mobility and chain length. Using an ion trap mass analyzer, complementary structural information was obtained by MS/MS and MS(n) experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea V Kühn
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str 4, 06120 Halle (S), Germany
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