1
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Ji F, Zhang W, Wang M, Yuan W, Wang M, Li X, Adams E. Characterization of polymerized impurities in cefoxitin sodium for injection by two-dimensional chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Talanta 2024; 269:125378. [PMID: 38006732 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Polymerized impurities in β-lactam antibiotics can induce allergic reactions, which seriously threaten the health of patients. In order to study the polymerized impurities in cefoxitin sodium for injection, a novel approach based on the use of two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2D-LC-TOF MS) was applied. In the 1st dimension, high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) with a TSK-G2000SWxl column was employed. Column switching was applied for the desalination of the mobile phase used to separate polymerized impurities in the 1st dimension before they were transferred to the 2nd dimension which utilized reversed phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) and TOF MS for further structural characterization. The structures of four polymerized impurities (which were all previously unknown) in cefoxitin sodium for injection were deduced based on the MS2 data. One novel polymerized impurity (PI-I), with 2H less than the molecular weight of two molecules of cefoxitin (Mr. 852.09), was found to be the most abundant (>50 %) in almost all the samples examined and could be regarded as the marker polymer of cefoxitin sodium for injection. This work also showed the great potential of the 2D-LC-TOF MS approach in structural characterization of unknown impurities separated with a mobile phase containing non-volatile phosphate in the 1st dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ji
- Shimadzu China Innovation Center, Life Tower, No.16 Chaoyang Men Wai Street, Chao Yang District, 100020 Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Beijing Sun-novo Pharmaceutical Research Company Ltd, Yunguyuan, No.79 Shuangying West Road, Changping District, 102200 Beijing, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Sun-novo Pharmaceutical Research Company Ltd, Yunguyuan, No.79 Shuangying West Road, Changping District, 102200 Beijing, PR China
| | - Weifeng Yuan
- Beijing Sun-novo Pharmaceutical Research Company Ltd, Yunguyuan, No.79 Shuangying West Road, Changping District, 102200 Beijing, PR China
| | - Mingjuan Wang
- Beijing Sun-novo Pharmaceutical Research Company Ltd, Yunguyuan, No.79 Shuangying West Road, Changping District, 102200 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Shimadzu China Innovation Center, Life Tower, No.16 Chaoyang Men Wai Street, Chao Yang District, 100020 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Erwin Adams
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, O&N2, PB 923, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Farissi S, Zakkariya S, Akhilghosh KA, Prasanthi T, Muthukumar A, Muthuchamy M. Electrooxidation of amoxicillin in aqueous solution with graphite electrodes: Optimization of degradation and deciphering of byproducts using HRMS. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140415. [PMID: 37844704 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) such as antibiotics have become a matter of worry in aquatic environments worldwide. Their presence in the environment has been increasing due to the inability of conventional wastewater and water treatments to annihilate them. Hence, attempts have been made to remove CECs using electrochemical oxidation (EO). Present study employed the low cost, active carbon based graphite sheet electrodes as anode and cathode to oxidize and degrade Amoxicillin (AMOX)- a β-lactum thiazolidine antibiotic. Optimization studies found pH 9, 45 mA cm-2, 81 cm2 electrode surface area, 6 mM electrolyte concentration and 60 min treatment time to be optimal for AMOX removal. Studies with varying concentrations of AMOX (20 mg L-1, 30 mg L-1 and 40 mg L-1) found that increase in concentrations of AMOX require higher current densities and treatment time for better TOC removal. High performance liquid chromatography photo diode array (HPLC-PDA) studies found 94% removal for 40 mg L-1 of AMOX at optimal conditions with 90% COD and 46% TOC removal. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) studies using Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-ToF-MS) identified major degradation mechanisms to be hydroxylation, β-lactum ring cleavage, breakage of thiazolidine ring chain from the aromatic ring and piperazinyl ring formation. The final byproducts of AMOX oxidation were carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Farissi
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye, 671320, Kerala, India
| | - Shajahan Zakkariya
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye, 671320, Kerala, India
| | | | - Tejomurtula Prasanthi
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye, 671320, Kerala, India
| | - Anbazhagi Muthukumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye, 671320, Kerala, India
| | - Muthukumar Muthuchamy
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye, 671320, Kerala, India.
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3
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Papatheocharidou C, Samanidou V. Two-Dimensional High-Performance Liquid Chromatography as a Powerful Tool for Bioanalysis: The Paradigm of Antibiotics. Molecules 2023; 28:5056. [PMID: 37446719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The technique of two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography has managed to gain the recognition it deserves thanks to the advantages of satisfactory separations it can offer compared to simple one-dimensional. This review presents in detail key features of the technique, modes of operation, and concepts that ensure its optimal application and consequently the best possible separation of even the most complex samples. Publications focusing on the separation of antibiotics and their respective impurities are also presented, providing information concerning the analytical characteristics of the technique related to the arrangement of the instrument and the chromatographic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Papatheocharidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Victoria Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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4
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Wang F, Ren X, Zhu B, Zhang F, Gao J, Hong L, Wang J. Analysis of the polymerized impurities in cefmetazole sodium based on novel separation principle by liquid chromatography tandem ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 215:114790. [PMID: 35483231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To effectively control the polymerized impurities in cefmetazole sodium, novel high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPSEC) with TSK-gel G2000SWxl column and RP-HPLC method with C18 column were used in replace of classical gel filtration chromatography with Sephadex G-10 gel. By studying the chromatographic behavior of polymerized impurities in both chromatographic systems with different chromatographic separation principles, the polymerized impurities in cefmetazole sodium were separated and detected effectively. The two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2D LC-IT-TOF MS) was applied to characterize the structures of polymerized impurities eluted from HPSEC method, and liquid chromatography tandem ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry was applied to characterize the structures of polymerized impurities and other unknown impurities eluted from RP-HPLC method. The structures of fourteen unknown impurities in cefmetazole sodium were deduced based on the MS n data, nine of which were polymerized impurities. The corresponding relationship between impurities in the HPSEC method and RP-HPLC method was established, and the specificity of the two methods was evaluated. The RP-HPLC method for analysis of the polymerized impurities has higher column efficiency and specificity than the HPSEC method. The RP-HPLC method is suitable for quality control of the polymerized impurities in cefmetazole sodium. The forming mechanisms of degradation impurities in cefmetazole sodium were also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory for Core Technology of Generic Drug Evaluation National Medical Product Administration & Key laboratory of drug contacting materials quality control of zhejiang province, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ren
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory for Core Technology of Generic Drug Evaluation National Medical Product Administration & Key laboratory of drug contacting materials quality control of zhejiang province, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Jiarui Gao
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Liya Hong
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory for Core Technology of Generic Drug Evaluation National Medical Product Administration & Key laboratory of drug contacting materials quality control of zhejiang province, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory for Core Technology of Generic Drug Evaluation National Medical Product Administration & Key laboratory of drug contacting materials quality control of zhejiang province, Hangzhou, 310052, China; Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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5
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Ren X, Zhu B, Gao J, Tang K, Zhou P, Wang J. Study of the polymerized impurities in cefotaxime sodium and cefepime by applying various chromatographic modes coupled with ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Talanta 2022; 238:123079. [PMID: 34808572 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polymerized impurities in β-lactam antibiotics can induce allergic reaction, which seriously threaten the health of patients. In order to study the polymerized impurities in cefotaxime sodium and cefepime, a HPSEC method with TSK-gel G2000SWxl column and a RP-HPLC method with C18 column were established to replace the classical gel filtration chromatography with Sephadex G-10 gel as stationary phase. Two-dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography was employed to further investigate the HPSEC and RP-HPLC method and ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry was applied to characterize the structures of polymerized impurities eluted from the two methods. The structures of the polymerized impurities in cefotaxime sodium and cefepime were deduced based on the MSn data, six of which were previously unknown. The corresponding relationship of impurities between the two methods was established, and the specificity of the two methods was compared. The results showed that the polymerized impurities in cefotaxime sodium and cefepime were co-eluted with other small molecular weight impurities with high polarity in HPSEC, leading to a poor specificity. The newly established RP-HPLC methods could effectively separate and detect polymerized impurities and were suitable for the quality control in daily analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Ren
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jiarui Gao
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Kaixian Tang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory for Core Technology of Generic Drug Evaluation National Medical Product Administration, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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6
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Goyon A, Scott B, Crittenden CM, Zhang K. Analysis of pharmaceutical drug oligomers by selective comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 208:114466. [PMID: 34808518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The presence of oligomeric impurities in drugs is often overlooked and less studied due to conventional small molecule analytical methods which are often not capable of capturing these oligomers. In the present work, the oligomer species of a lipophilic active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) containing an azetidine ring was investigated. No separation was observed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) methods, and only a partial separation of oligomer peaks was achieved by a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) method. To improve the resolution of the different oligomers species and understand the root cause of the formation of the oligomers, a selective comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) method was developed by coupling SEC to RPLC. The selective comprehensive SEC × RPLC method allowed the separation of 16 species and evidenced four main groups of oligomer impurities. The contour plots of 3 API lots helped to visualize the oligomer profiles and quickly compare the difference between these lots. Finally, the oligomer peaks separated by 2D-LC were identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) using a Q Exactive mass spectrometer. The developed 2D-LC/HRMS workflow provides a fast and generic screening approach to quickly examine and visualize the oligomeric impurities in API materials, and direct the impurity control strategy during process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Goyon
- Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Brandon Scott
- Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Christopher M Crittenden
- Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kelly Zhang
- Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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7
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Ren X, Tang K, Zhou P, Wang J. Analysis of polymerized impurities in mezlocillin sodium and sulbenicillin sodium using two chromatographic separation mechanisms coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 210:114584. [PMID: 35026591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To effectively control the polymerized impurities in mezlocillin sodium and sulbenicillin sodium, a HPSEC method with TSK-gel G2000SWxl column and a RP-HPLC method with C18 analytical column were established to replace the classical gel filtration chromatography with Sephadex G-10 gel as stationary phase. By studying the chromatographic behavior of polymerized impurities in both methods with different chromatographic separation mechanisms, the polymerized impurities in mezlocillin sodium and sulbenicillin sodium were separated and detected effectively. The column switching two-dimension liquid chromatography ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry was applied to characterize the structures of polymerized impurities eluted from the HPSEC method and RP-HPLC method for both drugs. The structures of the polymerized impurities in mezlocillin sodium and sulbenicillin sodium were deduced based on the MSn data. The results showed that the polymerized impurities detected by HPSEC method and RP-HPLC method were completely different. Therefore, two methods should be used meanwhile to control the polymerized impurities in mezlocillin sodium and sulbenicillin sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Ren
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Kaixian Tang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory for Core Technology of Generic Drug Evaluation National Medical Product Administration, Hangzhou 310052, China.
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8
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Xu Y, Wang D, Zhu B, Tang L, Wang J. Separation and characterization of allergenic polymerized impurities from cephalosporin for injection by trap free two-dimensional high performance size exclusion chromatography × reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 154:425-432. [PMID: 29579634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
As requested by regulatory authorities, polymerized impurities are an important issue of quality control. In this study, we presented the utilization of a trap-free two-dimensional chromatography, which was consisted by a high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and a reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) coupled to ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry with positive mode of electrospray ionization, to separate and characterize ten allergenic impurities in ceftazidime for injection, cefazolin sodium for injection, cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium for injection and cefamandole nafate for injection. An effective method for characterizing the polymerized impurities in β-lactam antibiotics was established on the basis of column-switching technique which effectively combined the advantages of HPSEC and the ability of RP-HPLC to identify the special impurities. In the first dimension, the column was the Xtimate SEC-120 analytical column (7.8 mm × 30 cm, 5 μm) and the flow rate was 1.0 mL min-1 with gradient elution using 0.005 mol L-1 phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.0 and acetonitrile as mobile phase. In the second dimension, the analytical column was ZORBAX SB-C18 (4.6 × 150 mm, 3.5 μm) using ammonium formate solution (10 mM) and ammonium formate (8 mM) in [acetonitrile-water (4:1, v/v)] solution as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.4 mL min-1. Eluent associate with each peak separated in the first dimension was trapped by a 20 μL quantitative loop and then transferred (via a six-port valve) into the second dimension system with volatile mobile phase. Through the multiple heart-cutting 2D-LC approach and online desalting technique, the problem of incompatibility between non-volatile mobile phase and mass spectrometry was solved completely. The fragmentation behaviors of ten allergenic impurities were studied. The structures of ten allergenic impurities in cephalosporin drug substance were deduced based on the HPLC-MSn data, in which four impurities were polymerized impurities. The forming factors of polymerized impurity in cephalosporins were also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Lan Tang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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9
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Xu Y, Wang D, Tang L, Wang J. Separation and characterization of allergic polymerized impurities in cephalosporins by 2D-HPSEC × LC-IT-TOF MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:742-750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Xia M, Hang TJ, Zhang F, Li XM, Xu XY. The stability of biapenem and structural identification of impurities in aqueous solution. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:937-44. [PMID: 19278804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The stability of biapenem in aqueous solution was investigated. Forced degradation of biapenem was carried out under different concentrations, pH values and temperatures. The degradation products were determined by reverse-phase HPLC and identified by LC-MS/MS. One dimeric impurity was obtained by reverse-phase preparative HPLC and characterized by LC-MS/MS and NMR. A possible degradation mechanism has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical R&D Co Ltd, Nanjing, PR China.
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11
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Deng B, Shi A, Li L, Kang Y. Pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin in human urine using online coupled capillary electrophoresis with electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:1249-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 08/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Srisom P, Liawruangrath B, Liawruangrath S. Micellar Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Penicillins in Pharmaceuticals. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Altiokka G, Can NÖ, Aboul‐Enein HY. Determination of Amoxicillin by Flow Injection Analysis using UV‐Detection, Potentiometry, and Conductometry in Pharmaceutical Preparations. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701276374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Göksel Altiokka
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Nafiz Öncü Can
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskisehir, Turkey
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14
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Li W, Tan F, Zhao K. Simultaneous determination of amoxicillin and ranitidine in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:594-8. [PMID: 16364584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2005] [Revised: 11/12/2005] [Accepted: 11/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography method using ultraviolet detection at 230 nm for the simultaneous determination of amoxicillin and ranitidine in rat plasma has been validated. Plasma samples after pretreatment with acetonitrile to effect deproteinization were dried under N2 and reconstituted with water. The standard calibration curves for amoxicillin and ranitidine were linear (r2=0.9999) over the concentration range of 0.2-20 microg ml-1 and 0.03-6 microg ml-1 in rat plasma, respectively. The intra- and inter-day assay variability range for amoxicillin was 2.4-8.5% and 3.2-11.7%, and for ranitidine was 1.7-9.0% and 4.5-10.1%, respectively. This method has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after oral coadministration of amoxicillin and ranitidine to rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- The College of Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
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15
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Puig P, Borrull F, Aguilar C, Calull M. Sample stacking for the analysis of penicillins by microemulsion electrokinetic capillary chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 831:196-204. [PMID: 16386475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2005] [Revised: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We present a method for determining eight penicillin antibiotics using microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC). We studied how the composition of the microemulsion affected separation by modifying such parameters as the surfactant or the addition of organic solvents. The best microemulsion system consisted of 0.5% ethyl acetate, 1.2% 1-butanol, 2% Brij 35, 10% 2-butanol and 86.3% 10 mM borate buffer at pH 10. We studied the suitability of this microemulsion composition for analyzing a commercial drug. To improve the sensitivity of the method, we used the stacking technique reversed electrode polarity stacking mode (REPSM), which increased the detection limits by about 40-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Puig
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Rovira i Virgili University, Marcel lí Domingo s/n, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
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16
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Cai SY, Hu CQ. Chromatographic determination of polymerized impurities in meropenem. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 37:585-9. [PMID: 15740920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2004] [Revised: 11/14/2004] [Accepted: 11/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A method for the separation of polymerized impurities in meropenem has been developed by gel filtration chromatography (GFC). The chromatographic conditions included a Superdex peptide HR 10/30 column and the mobile phase consisting of 0.01 mol L(-1) sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), at a flow rate of 0.8 mL min(-1). The wavelength of UV detector was set at 220 nm. The linear range was 0.08-10 microg (r=0.9998); relative standard deviation (R.S.D.)=0.5-1.5%; the LOD and LOQ were 2.4 and 12.4 ng, respectively. Specificity of the GFC was checked by switching the effluent of each peak on the GFC to a C18 trap column and analyzing the effluent by LC-MS. The result shows that for the determination of polymers, the gel filtration chromatography is a rather simple separation mode as compared to RPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Ying Cai
- National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, Beijing 100050, PR China
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17
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Wang P, Qi M, Sun Y, Yang J. A liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of amoxicillin sodium and sulbactam sodium in a combination formulation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 36:565-9. [PMID: 15522531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2004] [Revised: 07/10/2004] [Accepted: 07/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An isocratic liquid chromatographic method with UV detection at 210nm is described for simultaneous determination of amoxicillin sodium and sulbactam sodium in a new combination formulation. Chromatographic separation of the two drugs was achieved on a Hypersil C(18) column using a mobile phase consisting of a binary mixture of methanol and 0.01mol/l sodium acetate (5:95, v/v). The commonly used paired-ion aqueous mobile phase for the determination of penicillins was avoided in this study. The developed LC method offers symmetric peak shape, good resolution and reasonable retention time for both drugs. Linearity, accuracy and precision were found to be acceptable over the concentration ranges of 155.3-1553.0microg/ml for amoxicillin sodium and 45.0-450.0microg/ml for sulbactam sodium. The proposed LC method can be used for the quality control of formulated products containing these two drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Shenyang Pharmtech Institute of Pharmaceuticals, Shenyang 110016, China
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Salem H. Selective spectrophotometric determination of phenolic β-lactam antibiotics in pure forms and in their pharmaceutical formulations. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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