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Zhou G, Dai Y, Ge D, Yang J, Fu Q, Jin Y, Liang X. Comprehensive HPLC fingerprint analysis based on a two-step extraction method for quality evaluation of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1888-1895. [PMID: 36988039 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00172e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Abundant chemical components are key to ensure the evaluation accuracy of fingerprint analysis of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). A two-step extraction method combining supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and water ultrasonic extraction was established for the quality evaluation of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. Weakly polar components were extracted under optimal SFE conditions (15% co-solvent (EtOH : n-hexane = 1 : 14, (v/v)), 40 °C, 250 bar, and 30 min), and polar components were subsequently extracted by an ultrasonic step (100% water as solvent, 40 °C, and 45 min). Then, HPLC methods were established, which were validated to be accurate, stable, and reliable. In this work, 25 batches of samples were evaluated and the data were analysed by similarity analysis (SA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The similarity values of SFE extracts and aqueous extracts were respectively 0.616-0.999, and 0.252-0.997, proving the importance of the extraction method for the accuracy of the subsequent fingerprint analysis results. For the HCA, 25 samples were divided into two categories (leaves and stems), among which four batches of leaves with less similarity were considered as stems, indicating that quality differences of P. frutescens depending on medicinal parts and origin exist. The two-step extraction method developed in this work has been proved to be suitable for the quality evaluation of TCMs with complex compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Yingping Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Dandan Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Qing Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Yu Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Key Lab of Natural Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
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Analytical method development for exploring pharmacokinetic profile of ursolic acid in rat tissues by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-023-00228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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3
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Chemical Compositions, Extraction Optimizations, and In Vitro Bioactivities of Flavonoids from Perilla Leaves ( Perillae folium) by Microwave-Assisted Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010104. [PMID: 36670966 PMCID: PMC9855092 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) have been gradually applied to green extraction of active ingredients. In this study, microwave-assisted NADESs were applied to the extraction of flavonoid compounds from perilla leaves. Through comparative experiments, NADES-3 (choline chloride and malic acid at a molar ratio of 1:1) was found to have the highest extraction efficiency of total flavonoids, including apigenin 7-O-caffeoylglucoside, scutellarein 7-O-diglucuronide, luteolin 7-O-diglucuronide, and scutellarein 7-O-glucuronide by HPLC-MS. The following optimal extraction parameters were obtained based on response surface design: water content in NADES of 23%, extraction power of 410 W, extraction time of 31 min, and solid-liquid ratio of 75 mg/mL, leading to the extraction yield of total flavonoids of 72.54 mg/g. Additionally, the strong antimicrobial and antiallergic activity, inhibition of nitrosation, and antioxidant activity of total flavonoids by using NADESs were confirmed. This new extraction method provides a reference for the further exploration of NADES systems and may be widely used for the green extraction of natural active ingredients.
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Kang HB, Kim SH, Uhm SH, Kim DK, Lee NS, Jeong YG, Sung NY, Kim DS, Han IJ, Yoo YC, Han SY. Perilla frutescens Leaf Extract Attenuates Vascular Dementia-Associated Memory Deficits, Neuronal Damages, and Microglial Activation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:257-272. [PMID: 35723398 PMCID: PMC8929086 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is characterized by a time-dependent memory deficit and essentially combined with evidence of neuroinflammation. Thus, polyphenol-rich natural plants, which possess anti-inflammatory properties, have received much scientific attention. This study investigated whether Perilla frutescens leaf extract (PFL) exerts therapeutic efficacy against VaD. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: SO, sham-operated and vehicle treatment; OP, operated and vehicle treatment; PFL-L, operated and low-dose (30 mg/kg) PFL treatment; PFL-M, operated and medium-dose (60 mg/kg) PFL treatment; and PFL-H, operated and high-dose (90 mg/kg) PFL treatment. Two-vessel occlusion and hypovolemia (2VO/H) were employed as a surgical model of VaD, and PFL was given orally perioperatively for 23 days. The rats underwent the Y-maze, Barnes maze, and passive avoidance tests and their brains were subjected to histologic studies. The OP group showed VaD-associated memory deficits, hippocampal neuronal death, and microglial activation; however, the PFL-treated groups showed significant attenuations in all of the above parameters. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells, a murine microglial cell line, we measured PFL-mediated changes on the production of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, and IL-6, and the activities of their upstream MAP kinases (MAPKs)/NFκB/inducible NO synthase (iNOS). The LPS-induced upregulations of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 production and MAPKs/NFκB/iNOS activities were globally and significantly reversed by 12-h pretreatment of PFL. This suggests that PFL can counteract VaD-associated structural and functional deterioration through the attenuation of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Bae Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (S.-H.U.); (D.-K.K.); (N.-S.L.); (Y.-G.J.)
| | - Shin-Hye Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Sun-Ho Uhm
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (S.-H.U.); (D.-K.K.); (N.-S.L.); (Y.-G.J.)
| | - Do-Kyung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (S.-H.U.); (D.-K.K.); (N.-S.L.); (Y.-G.J.)
| | - Nam-Seob Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (S.-H.U.); (D.-K.K.); (N.-S.L.); (Y.-G.J.)
| | - Young-Gil Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (S.-H.U.); (D.-K.K.); (N.-S.L.); (Y.-G.J.)
| | - Nak-Yun Sung
- Division of Natural Product Research, Korea Prime Pharmacy Co., Ltd., Jeonnam 58144, Korea; (N.-Y.S.); (D.-S.K.); (I.-J.H.)
| | - Dong-Sub Kim
- Division of Natural Product Research, Korea Prime Pharmacy Co., Ltd., Jeonnam 58144, Korea; (N.-Y.S.); (D.-S.K.); (I.-J.H.)
| | - In-Jun Han
- Division of Natural Product Research, Korea Prime Pharmacy Co., Ltd., Jeonnam 58144, Korea; (N.-Y.S.); (D.-S.K.); (I.-J.H.)
| | - Young-Choon Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea;
| | - Seung-Yun Han
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (S.-H.U.); (D.-K.K.); (N.-S.L.); (Y.-G.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-042-600-8616
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Chen Z, Wu K, Zhu W, Wang Y, Su C, Yi F. Chemical compositions and bioactivities of essential oil from perilla leaf (Perillae Folium) obtained by ultrasonic-assisted hydro-distillation with natural deep eutectic solvents. Food Chem 2021; 375:131834. [PMID: 34920308 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) have received considerable attention for green extraction. In this study, ultrasonic-assisted natural deep eutectics were applied for hydrodistillation to extract essential oil from perilla leaves. Compared to hydrodistillation assisted with ultrasound, this novel method effectively raised the yield of perilla leaf EO from 0.21% to 0.69% (choline chloride: malic acid, molar ratio 2:1) and broadened the types of chemical compositions (71 in total), especially aliphatic and aromatic compounds. Stronger antimicrobial and antioxidant activity was confirmed, and phenolics were increased. Additionally, the pH of the final solution was detected. The leaf residues were dried, weighed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to show the influence of NADESs' strong extractability. This new extraction method may be applicable in edible natural product extraction and provide a reference for further exploration of NADESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Chen
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiwen Wu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - WanZhang Zhu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Su
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fengping Yi
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China.
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Olech M, Ziemichód W, Nowacka-Jechalke N. The Occurrence and Biological Activity of Tormentic Acid-A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133797. [PMID: 34206442 PMCID: PMC8270333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the natural sources and pharmacological activity of tormentic acid (TA; 2α,3β,19α-trihydroxyurs-2-en-28-oic acid). The current knowledge of its occurrence in various plant species and families is summarized. Biological activity (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-osteoarthritic, antinociceptive, antioxidative, anti-melanogenic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic) confirmed in in vitro and in vivo studies is compiled and described. Biochemical mechanisms affected by TA are indicated. Moreover, issues related to the biotechnological methods of production, effective eluents, and TA derivatives are presented.
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Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic data reveal the flavonoid biosynthesis metabolic pathway in Perilla frutescens (L.) leaves. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16207. [PMID: 33004940 PMCID: PMC7530993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Perilla frutescens (L.) is an important medicinal and edible plant in China with nutritional and medical uses. The extract from leaves of Perilla frutescens contains flavonoids and volatile oils, which are mainly used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomic and metabolomic data of the leaves of two Perilla frutescens varieties: JIZI 1 and JIZI 2. A total of 9277 differentially expressed genes and 223 flavonoid metabolites were identified in these varieties. Chrysoeriol, apigenin, malvidin, cyanidin, kaempferol, and their derivatives were abundant in the leaves of Perilla frutescens, which were more than 70% of total flavonoid contents. A total of 77 unigenes encoding 15 enzymes were identified as candidate genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in the leaves of Perilla frutescens. High expression of the CHS gene enhances the accumulation of flavonoids in the leaves of Perilla frutescens. Our results provide valuable information on the flavonoid metabolites and candidate genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in the leaves of Perilla frutescens.
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Oancea IA, van Staden J(KF, Oancea E, Ungureanu EM. Electrochemical detection of ursolic acid from spruce ( Picea abies) essential oils using modified amperometric microsensors. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1605373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Adina Oancea
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- SC. Dan-Elis. SRL, Cosmetic Product Manufacturing, Topraisar, Romania
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB Bucharest, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jacobus (Koos) Frederick van Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB Bucharest, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Oancea
- SC. Dan-Elis. SRL, Cosmetic Product Manufacturing, Topraisar, Romania
| | - Eleonora-Mihaela Ungureanu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Phytochemistry, Chemotaxonomy, Ethnopharmacology, and Nutraceutics of Lamiaceae. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64185-4.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Ahmed HM. Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. Molecules 2018; 24:E102. [PMID: 30597896 PMCID: PMC6337106 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. (PF) is an annual herbal medicinal, aromatic, functional food, and ornamental plant that belongs to the mint family, Lamiaceae. The origin of perilla traces back to East Asian countries (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam, and India), where it has been used as a valuable source of culinary and traditional medicinal uses. The leaves, seeds, and stems of P. frutescens are used for various therapeutic applications in folk medicine. In the absence of a comprehensive review regarding all aspects of perilla, this review aims to present an overview pertaining to the botanical drug, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and biological activity. It was found that the taxonomic classification of perilla species is quite confused, and the number of species is vague. Perilla has traditionally been prescribed to treat depression-related disease, anxiety, asthma, chest stuffiness, vomiting, coughs, colds, flus, phlegm, tumors, allergies, intoxication, fever, headache, stuffy nose, constipation, abdominal pain, and indigestion, and acts as an analgesic, anti-abortive agent, and a sedative. Until now, 271 natural molecules have been identified in perilla organs including phenolic acids, flavonoids, essential oils, triterpenes, carotenoids, phytosterols, fatty acids, tocopherols, and policosanols. In addition to solvent extracts, these individual compounds (rosmarinic acid, perillaldehyde, luteolin, apigenin, tormentic acid, and isoegomaketone) have attracted researchers' interest for its pharmacological properties. Perilla showed various biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-allergic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotection effects. Although the results are promising in preclinical studies (in vitro and in vivo), clinical studies are insufficient; therefore, further study needs to be done to validate its therapeutic effects and to ensure its safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwa M Ahmed
- Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Slemani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq.
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11
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Pironi AM, de Araújo PR, Fernandes MA, Salgado HRN, Chorilli M. Characteristics, Biological Properties and Analytical Methods of Ursolic Acid: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 48:86-93. [PMID: 29039968 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1390425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a naturally occurring triterpenoid which is a promising candidate for the development of new therapeutic approaches and for the prevention and treatment of several diseases owing to its pharmacological importance. However, its low solubility in aqueous medium affects its therapeutic application. Several strategies have been used to overcome this obstacle. In this study, the incorporation of UA in to different drug delivery systems was found to be highly efficient. In addition, important investigations were performed about methods for qualitative and quantitative analyses of UA in various raw materials, including plants, biological fluids, and drug delivery systems, were investigated. Most recently high performance liquid chromatography coupled with various detectors, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis were used for this purpose. Thus, this review was performed to evaluate the biological effects of UA demonstrated thus far as well as the currently used, delivery systems and analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Maria Pironi
- a Departament of Drugs and Medicines , São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Patricia Rocha de Araújo
- a Departament of Drugs and Medicines , São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Mariza Aires Fernandes
- a Departament of Drugs and Medicines , São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
- a Departament of Drugs and Medicines , São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- a Departament of Drugs and Medicines , São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brasil
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Characterization of metabolite profiles from the leaves of green perilla ( Perilla frutescens ) by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and screening for their antioxidant properties. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:776-788. [PMID: 28987353 PMCID: PMC9328887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to access the determination of metabolite profiles and antioxidant properties in the leaves of green perilla (Perilla frutescens), where these are considered functional and nutraceutical substances in Korea. A total of 25 compositions were confirmed as six phenolic acids, two triterpenoids, eight flavonoids, seven fatty acids, and two glucosides using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) technique from the methanol extract of this species. The individual and total compositions exhibited significant differences, especially rosmarinic acid (10), and linolenic acids (22 and 23) were detected as the predominant metabolites. Interestingly, rosmarinic acid (10) was observed to have considerable differences with various concentrations in three samples (Doryong, 6.38 μg/g; Sinseong, 317.60 μg/g; Bongmyeong, 903.53 μg/g) by UPLC analysis at 330 nm. The scavenging properties against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals also showed potent effects with remarkable differences at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, and their abilities were as follows: Sinseong (DPPH, 86%; ABTS, 90%) > Bongmyeong (71% and 84%, respectively) > Doryong (63% and 73%, respectively). Our results suggest that the antioxidant activities of green perilla leaves are correlated with metabolite contents, especially the five major compositions 10 and 22–25. Moreover, this study may be useful in evaluating the relationship between metabolite composition and antioxidant activity.
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Kwon SH, Wang Z, Hwang SH, Kang YH, Lee JY, Lim SS. Comprehensive evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of Perilla frutescens leaves extract and isolation of free radical scavengers using step-wise HSCCC guided by DPPH-HPLC. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1318289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hwa Kwon
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Korean Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Lee
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Sun Z, Wang J, Li Q, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Xiong X, Zhao X, Zheng X. A fast affinity extraction methodology for rapid screening of bioactive compounds specifically binding to beta2-adrenergic receptor from Xie-Bai-San. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Yu H, Qiu JF, Ma LJ, Hu YJ, Li P, Wan JB. Phytochemical and phytopharmacological review of Perilla frutescens L. (Labiatae), a traditional edible-medicinal herb in China. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 108:375-391. [PMID: 27890564 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., a worldwide distributed plant, is an important economic crop and with a long cultivation history in China as well as some other countries in Asia. Except for the edible applications, the plant of P. frutescens is also traditionally used as a medicinal herb in China for thousands years. The leaves, seeds and stems of P. frutescens are recommended by the Chinese Pharmacopeia as three medicinal materials for various therapeutic applications. In the past decades, amount investigations have been done about different aspects for P. frutescens. However, no literature review about these works has been compiled. This review aims to present the findings of research conducted up-to-date (2015) on the traditional use, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities and toxicities of P. frutescens to provide scientific evidence for well-understanding and future research of P. frutescens. It was found that more than 100 compounds have been reported for P. frutescens and most of them are contributed to its medical benefits such as anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-microbial, anti-depressive and anti-cough effects. Toxicology studies have been conducted to evaluate the safety of P. frutescens to provide information on their dosages and usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; HKBU Shenzhen Research Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Jian-Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Li-Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Yuan-Jia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
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Gobo LA, Viana C, Lameira OA, de Carvalho LM. A liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization tandem mass spectrometric (LC-APPI-MS/MS) method for the determination of triterpenoids in medicinal plant extracts. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:558-565. [PMID: 28239973 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization tandem mass spectrometry with toluene as a dopant was developed for the determination of triterpenes in medicinal plant extracts. The 12 compounds determined have been shown to exhibit biological activity, such as gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-tumor effects. The parameters of the atmospheric pressure photoionization interface were optimized to obtain the highest possible sensitivity for all of the compounds. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.4 to 157.9 µg l-1 and 1.3 to 526.4 µg l-1 , respectively. The method was validated and applied to extracts of five medicinal plants species (Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H.Gentry, Bauhinia variegata var variegata, Bauhinia variegata var alboflava, Cecropia obtuse Trécul and Cecropia palmate Willd) from the Amazonian region. The concentrations of the six triterpenes quantified in the samples ranged from 0.424 mg kg-1 for ursolic acid to 371.96 mg kg-1 for β-amyrin, which were quantified by using the standard addition method (n = 3). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Assis Gobo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carine Viana
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Osmar Alves Lameira
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental, Belém, RS, Brazil
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Tostes JBDF, Nakamura MJ, de Saboya CGF, Mazzei JL, Siani AC. Efficient and selective method to separate triterpene acids by direct treatment of apple peels with alkaline ethanol. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2016.1200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Jun Nakamura
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - José Luiz Mazzei
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Siani
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ha TJ, Lee MH, Lee JH. Comparison of antioxidant activities and volatile components using GC/MS from leaves of Korean purple perilla (Perilla frutescens) grown in a greenhouse. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Sethiya NK, Mishra S. Simultaneous HPTLC analysis of ursolic acid, betulinic acid, stigmasterol and lupeol for the identification of four medicinal plants commonly available in the Indian market as Shankhpushpi. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:816-23. [PMID: 25217706 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated a new, simple, sensitive, selective and precise high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint and quantitative estimation method for the analysis of ursolic acid, betulinic acid, stigmasterol and lupeol in Shankhpushpi botanicals. Linear ascending development was carried out in a twin trough glass chamber saturated with petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-toluene (7:2:1, v/v/v). The plate was dried, sprayed with anisaldehyde reagent and analyzed by CAMAG TLC scanner III at 580 nm. The system was found to give compact spots for ursolic acid (0.21), betulinic acid (0.29), stigmasterol (0.33) and lupeol (0.50). The relationship between the concentration of standard solutions and the peak response is linear within the concentration range of 100-600 ng/spot for ursolic acid, betulinic acid, stigmasterol and lupeol. The concentration of 134.2 and 146.1 mg of ursolic acid per gram of Clitorea ternatea (CT) and Canscora decussata (CD); 110.6 mg of betulinic acid per gram of EA; 92.75, 154.95, 31.947 and 39.21 mg of stigmasterol per gram of Evolvulus alsinoides (EA), Convolvulus pluricaulis (CP), CT and CD; 30.12 mg of lupeol per gram of CT were found. The proposed HPTLC method may use for routine quality testing and identification of Shankhpushpi botanicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar Sethiya
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Kalabhavan, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Shrihari Mishra
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Kalabhavan, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
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20
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Zhao BT, Lee KR, Lee JH, Min BS, Son JK, Woo MH. Quality evaluation of Perillae Folium by HPLC/PDA. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:1521-9. [PMID: 25716430 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To establish a standard of quality control for Perillae Folium (Lamiaceae Family), four standard compounds including rosmarinic acid, elemicin, perillaldehyde, and dillapiole were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/photodiode array (PDA). The four standards were analyzed with a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column by gradient elution using 0.1 % formic acid in water and methanol as the mobile phase. The standards were quantified by HPLC/PDA from Perillae Folium, which included the leaf and twig of Perilla frutescens L. Britton var. acuta (Thunb.) Kudo or Perilla frutescens Britton var. crispa Decne. The method was successfully used in the analysis of Perillae Folium, and the linearity, recovery, precision, accuracy, stability, and robustness were satisfactory according to the validation results. In Perillae Folium samples, the average contents (wt%) of rosmarinic acid, elemicin, perillaldehyde, and dillapiole were 0.540, 0.059, 0.050, and 0.056 %, respectively. The results indicate that the established HPLC/PDA method is suitable for the quantitation and quality evaluation of Perillae Folium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tian Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, 712-702, Republic of Korea
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21
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Siani AC, Nakamura MJ, Dos Santos DS, Mazzei JL, do Nascimento AC, Valente LMM. Efficiency and selectivity of triterpene acid extraction from decoctions and tinctures prepared from apple peels. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:S225-31. [PMID: 24991096 PMCID: PMC4078343 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.133236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study assessed the extraction efficiency of ursolic (UA) and oleanolic acids (OA), as well as the total phenols in aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of dry apple peels at room temperature. Materials and Methods: After running preliminary assays on decoctions and tinctures (ethanol: water 7:3 v/v), the extracts from dried apple (cv. Fuji) peels were obtained by static maceration over varied intervals (2 to 180 days). The UA and OA content in the extracts was quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) with a reversed phase column and isocratic elution (CH3CN/H2O/H3PO4) against calibration curves (R2 > 0.9995). The total phenol content in the extracts was evaluated spectrophotometrically at 760 nm using the Folin-Ciocalteau method referencing gallic acid. Results: UA and OA in the hydroethanolic extracts ranged from 3.63-6.12 mg/g and 2.12-3.30 mg/g, corresponding to 1.72-3.07 and 1.00-1.66 mg/g in the raw material, respectively. Higher values of triterpene acid content corresponded to maceration periods of 10 or 30 days. The residual phenol and polyphenol content ranged from 6.97 to 11.6 mg/g. The UA and OA yields, as well as the total phenol content, versus the maceration time were plotted in Control Charts within confidence intervals (95%) and were unaffected during the assayed period. Conclusion: Apple peel tinctures from 10% solids obtained at room temperature exhibited the highest content of triterpene acids when employing a maceration period of 10 to 30 days. Extracts prepared using this procedure contained an average of 7.33 mg/g of total triterpene acids and 10.6 mg/g phenolic compounds. These results establish supporting data for apple peel tinctures and their derived phytopharmaceuticals that are standardized on the ursolic-oleanolic acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio C Siani
- Medicines and Drugs Technology Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos J Nakamura
- Medicines and Drugs Technology Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Dos Santos
- Medicines and Drugs Technology Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José L Mazzei
- Medicines and Drugs Technology Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana C do Nascimento
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ligia M M Valente
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Jóźwiak A, Jóźwiak G, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M. Simultaneous HPLC determination of pomolic, ursolic and euscaphic/tormentic acids in roots and rhizomes of variousPotentillaspecies. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.26.2014.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Kamble SM, Goyal SN, Patil CR. Multifunctional pentacyclic triterpenoids as adjuvants in cancer chemotherapy: a review. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02784a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective adjuvants in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika M. Kamble
- Drug Discovery Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacology
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, India
| | - Sameer N. Goyal
- Drug Discovery Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacology
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, India
| | - Chandragouda R. Patil
- Drug Discovery Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacology
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, India
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A network-based systematic study for the mechanism of the treatment of zhengs related to cough variant asthma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:595924. [PMID: 24348708 PMCID: PMC3855943 DOI: 10.1155/2013/595924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown significant efficacy in the treatment of cough variant asthma (CVA), a special type of asthma. However, there is shortage of explanations for relevant mechanism of treatment. As Zhengs differentiation is a critical concept in TCM, it is necessary to explain the mechanism of treatment of Zhengs. Based on TCM clinical cases, this study illustrated the mechanism of the treatment of three remarkably relevant Zhengs for CVA: “FengXieFanFei,” “FeiQiShiXuan”, and “QiDaoLuanJi.” To achieve this goal, five steps were carried out: (1) determining feature Zhengs and corresponding key herbs of CVA by analyses of clinical cases; (2) finding out potential targets of the key herbs and clustering them based on their functional annotations; (3) constructing an ingredient-herb network and an ingredient network; (4) identifying modules of the ingredient network; (5) illustrating the mechanism of the treatment by further mining the latent biological implications within each module. The systematic study reveals that the treatment of “FengXieFanFei,” “FeiQiShiXuan,” and “QiDaoLuanJi” has effects on the regulation of multiple bioprocesses by herbs containing different ingredients with functions of steroid metabolism regulation, airway inflammation, and ion conduction and transportation. This network-based systematic study will be a good way to boost the scientific understanding of mechanism of the treatment of Zhengs.
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Rapid identification of aldose reductase inhibitory compounds from Perilla frutescens. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:679463. [PMID: 24308003 PMCID: PMC3838804 DOI: 10.1155/2013/679463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) soluble fraction of methanol extracts of Perilla frutescens (P. frutescens) inhibits aldose reductase (AR), the key enzyme in the polyol pathway. Our investigation of inhibitory compounds from the EtOAc soluble fraction of P. frutescens was followed by identification of the inhibitory compounds by a combination of HPLC microfractionation and a 96-well enzyme assay. This allowed the biological activities to be efficiently matched with selected HPLC peaks. Structural analyses of the active compounds were performed by LC-MSn. The main AR inhibiting compounds were tentatively identified as chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid by LC-MSn. A two-step high speed counter current chromatography (HSCCC) isolation method was developed with a solvent system of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water at 1.5 : 5 : 1 : 5, v/v and 3 : 7 : 5 : 5, v/v. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined by 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR). The main compounds inhibiting AR in the EtOAc fraction of methanol extracts of P. frutescens were identified as chlorogenic acid (2) (IC50 = 3.16 μM), rosmarinic acid (4) (IC50 = 2.77 μM), luteolin (5) (IC50 = 6.34 μM), and methyl rosmarinic acid (6) (IC50 = 4.03 μM).
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26
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Li YK, Fan P, Xu YR, Huang Y, Hu QF. Study on Determination of Triterpenoids inChaenomelesby High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Sample Preparation with Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200800200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Kai G, Chen Y, Wang Y, Yan Q. Separation rule of oleanane and ursane pentacyclic triterpenoids isomers from nature plants by coordination chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:532-8. [PMID: 24029619 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Many of oleanolic and ursolic pentacyclic triterpenoid isomers generally coexist. There is a small difference in their structures. Based on coordination chromatography theory, a reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPLC) method has been investigated for improving the isomers' resolution by adding suitable agents in mobile phase, and the separation rule was summarized. With the calculation analysis, the space sizes of isomers were in the range of 3.77-5.65 Å. The total minimum energy in the inclusion of guest and β-CD had the biggest reduction, compared with the energy in the simple mixture of guest and β-CD (such as "asiaticoside-B" and "β-CD," from 196.4406 to 95.0670 kJ mol(-1)). So, β-CD (the cavity space size is in the range of 6.00-6.50 Å) and its derivatives were selected as the suitable agents. The experiment results showed that the resolution might be improved by adding the hydrophilic β-CD derivatives in mobile phase, such as Glu-β-CD, when the isomer structures carry big hydrophilic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqing Kai
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, Feixi Road 3#, Heifei, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, Feixi Road 3#, Heifei, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, Feixi Road 3#, Heifei, China
| | - Qinghua Yan
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, Feixi Road 3#, Heifei, China
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28
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Yan W, Ji L, Hang S, Shun Y. New ionic liquid-based preparative method for diosgenin from Rhizoma dioscoreae nipponicae. Pharmacogn Mag 2013; 9:250-4. [PMID: 23930010 PMCID: PMC3732429 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.113282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhizoma dioscoreae nipponicae is a perennial herb and its roots have been widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). OBJECTIVE To develop and optimize the extraction and hydrolysis technology of diosgenin from Rhizoma dioscoreae nipponicae. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([PSMIM]HSO4), as a kind of functional ionic liquid, replaced inorganic acid, and was used in a one-step ultrasonic extraction and hydrolysis for the preparation of diosgenin (the aglycone of dioscin and an important precursor chemical in the pharmaceutical industry) from Rhizoma dioscoreae nipponicae, for the first time. The effects of various factors were evaluated. The obtained product was studied using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS About 6.35 mg of diosgenin could be obtained from 2.0 g of raw material. Reusability and recycling of the ionic liquid were validated with fairly good results. The ionic liquid solution was reused four times, and the final extraction efficiency only decreased by 5%. CONCLUSION In virtue of the obvious advantages of the green extraction and catalytic solvent, with further study, it is believed that this new one-step preparative method promises to replace the traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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29
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Naumoska K, Simonovska B, Albreht A, Vovk I. TLC and TLC-MS screening of ursolic, oleanolic and betulinic acids in plant extracts. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.26.2013.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Ha TJ, Lee JH, Lee MH, Lee BW, Kwon HS, Park CH, Shim KB, Kim HT, Baek IY, Jang DS. Isolation and identification of phenolic compounds from the seeds of Perilla frutescens (L.) and their inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and aldose reductase. Food Chem 2012; 135:1397-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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31
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Radhiga T, Rajamanickam C, Senthil S, Pugalendi KV. Effect of ursolic acid on cardiac marker enzymes, lipid profile and macroscopic enzyme mapping assay in isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3971-7. [PMID: 22898613 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the antihyperlipidemic effect of ursolic acid (UA) on isoproterenol (ISO) induced male albino Wistar rats. Myocardial ischemia was induced by subcutaneous injection of ISO (85 mg/kg BW) twice at an interval of 24 h, for two consecutive days. A significant increase in the activities of the serum marker enzymes [creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenease (LDH)], a prominent expression of LDH 1 and LDH 2 isoenzymes, increased levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), phospholipids (PL) and atherogenic index and decreased level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol were observed in ISO-induced rats. The levels of TC, TG and FFA increased and the level of PL decreased in the heart tissue of ISO-induced rats. Further, there was an increased DNA damage (Comet assay) and myocardium infarct size as observed by staining with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). UA was administered subcutaneously for 7 days at a dose of 40 mg/kg BW. UA administration to ischemic rats brought all these parameters to near normality showing the protective effect of UA on ISO-induced rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaiyan Radhiga
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
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32
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Lesellier E, Destandau E, Grigoras C, Fougère L, Elfakir C. Fast separation of triterpenoids by supercritical fluid chromatography/evaporative light scattering detector. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1268:157-65. [PMID: 23141985 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The screening of plant material, the chemical composition, the abundance and the biological activity of triterpenoids are of a major economical importance. The classical analytical methods, such as TLC, GC, and HPLC are either little resolutive, or require derivatization steps, or fail in sensitivity. The supercritical fluid chromatography/evaporative light scattering detector (SFC/ELSD) coupling provides high resolution, fast analysis and higher responses for the analysis of triterpenoids. After the initial screening of seven stationary phases to select the well suited one, analytical conditions (modifier percentage, from 10 to 3%; backpressure (from 12 to 18 MPa) and temperature (from 15 to 25 °C) were studied to improve the separation, and ELSD detection of a standard mixture composed of 8 triterpenoids (oleanolic acid, erythrodiol, β-amyrin, ursolic acid, uvaol, betulinic acid, betulin, lupeol). Applied to apple pomace extracts, this method allows the separation of about 15 triterpenoid compounds, in less than 20 min, with isocratic conditions. Moreover, the ELSD response is dramatically higher than the one provided by UV detection, and avoids derivatization steps. An attempt to identify some compounds was done by collecting chromatographic peaks and further analyzing them with mass spectrometry. Complete identification or molecular formula could be proposed for 11 compounds. However, due to the presence of position and orientation isomers the absolute identification remains difficult, despite some retention rules deduced from the standard analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lesellier
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans, CNRS UMR 7311, B.P. 6759, rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
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Csuk R, Siewert B, Dressel C, Schäfer R. Tormentic acid derivatives: synthesis and apoptotic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 56:237-45. [PMID: 22995818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Several derivatives of tormentic acid have been prepared and tested for their antitumor activity. The dichloroacetate 14 is an excellent antitumor active agent acting by an apoptose inducing pathway as demonstrated by OA/PI staining, DNA laddering experiments as well as by an annexin V binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Csuk
- Bereich Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Chen G, Li J, Song C, Suo Y, You J. A sensitive and efficient method for simultaneous trace detection and identification of triterpene acids and its application to pharmacokinetic study. Talanta 2012; 98:101-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Radhiga T, Rajamanickam C, Sundaresan A, Ezhumalai M, Pugalendi KV. Effect of ursolic acid treatment on apoptosis and DNA damage in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Biochimie 2012; 94:1135-42. [PMID: 22289617 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of ursolic acid (UA) against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO) (85 mg/kg BW), for two consecutive days. ISO-induced rats showed elevated levels of cardiac troponins T (cTn T) and I (cTn I) and increased activity of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in serum. Lipid peroxidative markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes (CD) and lipid hydroperoxides (HP)) elevated in the plasma and heart tissue whereas decreased activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR)) in erythrocytes and heart tissue of ISO-induced rats. Non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione (GSH)) levels were decreased significantly in the plasma and heart tissue of ISO-induced rats. Furthermore, ISO-induced rats showed increased DNA fragmentation, upregulations of myocardial pro-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 associated-x (Bax), caspase-3, -8 and -9, cytochrome c, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Fas and down-regulated expressions of anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL). UA-administered rats showed decreased levels/activity of cardiac markers, DNA fragmentation and the levels of lipid peroxidative markers in the plasma and heart tissue. Activities of enzymatic antioxidants were increased significantly in the erythrocytes and heart tissue and also non-enzymatic antioxidants levels were increased significantly in the plasma and heart tissue in UA-administered rats. UA influenced decreased DNA fragmentation and an apoptosis by upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and down-regulation of Bax, caspase-3, -8 and -9, cytochrome c, TNF-α, Fas through mitochondrial pathway. Histopathological observations were also found in line with biochemical parameters. Thus, results of the present study demonstrated that the UA has anti-apoptotic properties in ISO-induced rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaiyan Radhiga
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
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Ahamed MBK, Aisha AFA, Nassar ZD, Siddiqui JM, Ismail Z, Omari SMS, Parish CR, Majid AMSA. Cat's whiskers tea (Orthosiphon stamineus) extract inhibits growth of colon tumor in nude mice and angiogenesis in endothelial cells via suppressing VEGFR phosphorylation. Nutr Cancer 2011; 64:89-99. [PMID: 22136553 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.630160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cat's whiskers (Orthosiphon stamineus) is commonly used as Java tea to treat kidney stones including a variety of angiogenesis-dependent diseases such as tumorous edema, rheumatism, diabetic blindness, and obesity. In the present study, antitumor potential of standardized 50% ethanol extract of O. stamineus leaves (EOS) was evaluated against colorectal tumor in athymic mice and antiangiogenic efficacy of EOS was investigated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). EOS at 100 mg/kg caused 47.62 ± 6.4% suppression in tumor growth, while at 200 mg/kg it caused 83.39 ± 4.1% tumor regression. Tumor histology revealed significant reduction in extent of vascularization. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed EOS (200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in vitro (211 ± 0.26 pg/ml cell lysate) as well as in vivo (90.9 ± 2 pg/g tissue homogenate) when compared to the control (378 ± 5 and 135.5 ± 4 pg, respectively). However, EOS was found to be noncytotoxic to colon cancer and endothelial cells. In vitro, EOS significantly inhibited the migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). EOS suppressed VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGF receptor-2 in HUVECs. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of EOS showed high rosmarinic acid contents, whereas phytochemical analysis revealed high protein and phenolic contents. These results demonstrated that the antitumor activity of EOS may be due to its VEGF-targeted antiangiogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
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Sultana N. Clinically useful anticancer, antitumor, and antiwrinkle agent, ursolic acid and related derivatives as medicinally important natural product. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 26:616-42. [PMID: 21417964 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2010.546793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are becoming an important research area for novel and bioactive molecules for drug discovery. Novel therapeutic strategies and agents are urgently needed to treat different incurable diseases. Many plant derived active compounds are in human clinical trials. Currently ursolic acid is in human clinical trial for treating cancer, tumor, and skin wrinkles. This review includes the clinical use of ursolic acid in various diseases including anticancer, antitumor, and antiwrinkle chemotherapies, and the isolation and purification of this tritepernoid from various plants to update current knowledge on the rapid analysis of ursolic acid by using analytical methods. In addition, the chemical modifications of ursolic acid to make more effective and water soluble derivatives, previous and current information regarding, its natural and semisynthetic analogs, focusing on its anticancer, cytotoxic, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, acetyl cholinesterase, α-glucosidase, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective activities, briefly discussion is attempted here for its research perspectives. This review article contains fourteen medicinally important ursolic acid derivatives and 351 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nighat Sultana
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Fan JP, Zhang RF, Zhang XH, Zhu JH, Huang JZ. SEPARATION OF THREE TRITERPENE ACIDS IN LEAVES OF DIOSPYROS KAKI BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY USING HYDROXYPROPYL-β-CYCLODEXTRIN AS MOBILE PHASE MODIFIER. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.570841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ping Fan
- a School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University , Nanchang, China
- b Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Ecology and Bio-Resource Utilization of Ministry of Education , Nanchang University , Nanchang, China
| | - Rui-Fen Zhang
- a School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University , Nanchang, China
| | - Xue-Hong Zhang
- c School of Foreign Language, Nanchang University , Nanchang, China
| | - Jian-Hang Zhu
- a School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University , Nanchang, China
- b Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Ecology and Bio-Resource Utilization of Ministry of Education , Nanchang University , Nanchang, China
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Shen D, Pan MH, Wu QL, Park CH, Juliani HR, Ho CT, Simon JE. A rapid LC/MS/MS method for the analysis of nonvolatile antiinflammatory agents from Mentha spp. J Food Sci 2011; 76:C900-8. [PMID: 22417488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mints (Mentha spp.), aromatic crops grown largely for their essential oils, also are rich sources of nonvolatile antiinflammatory agents. Identification and quantitation of the constituents responsible for their antiinflammatory activity is challenging owing to the lack of suitable chromatographic methodology. In the present research, the simultaneous quantitation of antiinflammatory constituents rosmarinic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid in mints was attained by using a unique tandem HPLC column system coupled with an electrospray ionization mass detection (MRM mode). The ion mode optimization for rosmarinic acid under negative and triterpenoid acids under positive was achieved by setting 2 time segments in a single run where the polarity mode was switched from negative (0 to 10 min) to positive (10 to 40 min). For the investigated concentration ranges of antiinflammatory agents in mints, good linearities (r² ≥ 0.998) were obtained for each calibration curve. Validation of precision and accuracy for this method showed that intra- and inter-day repeatabilities for all analytes were less than 5.51%, and the recoveries varied from 97.8% to 99.3%. The developed LC/MS/MS assay provides a suitable quality control method for the determination of antiinflammatory constituents in Mentha spp. There is a wide range of diversity in the natural product composition for these acids across the Mentha germplasm collection evaluated. The presence of these antiinflammatory acids in post-distilled mints shows that value-added nutraceutical enriched products can be developed with proper processing and recovery systems in addition to the distillation and capture of the valuable volatile essential oils. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Results from this research would benefit both commercial farmers growing mint for essential oil and those in the food industry where value-added phytopharmaceutical enriched products can be developed with proper processing, quality control, and recovery systems during mint essential oil distillation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/analysis
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/economics
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Chemical Phenomena
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cinnamates/analysis
- Cinnamates/chemistry
- Cinnamates/economics
- Cinnamates/pharmacology
- Depsides/analysis
- Depsides/chemistry
- Depsides/economics
- Depsides/pharmacology
- Distillation
- Industrial Waste/analysis
- Industrial Waste/economics
- Macrophage Activation/drug effects
- Mentha/chemistry
- Mice
- Oils, Volatile/economics
- Oleanolic Acid/analysis
- Oleanolic Acid/chemistry
- Oleanolic Acid/economics
- Oleanolic Acid/pharmacology
- Plant Components, Aerial/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Reproducibility of Results
- Species Specificity
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- Triterpenes/analysis
- Triterpenes/chemistry
- Triterpenes/economics
- Triterpenes/pharmacology
- Rosmarinic Acid
- Ursolic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandian Shen
- Natl. Inst. for Food and Drug Control, 2 Tian Tan Xi Li, Beijing, 100050, PR China
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Shao P, He J, Sun P, Zhao P. Analysis of conditions for microwave-assisted extraction of total water-soluble flavonoids from Perilla Frutescens leaves. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2011; 49:66-73. [PMID: 23572827 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Perilla Frutescens is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique was developed for the fast extraction of flavonoids from Perilla Frutescens leaves. Several influential parameters of the MAE procedure (microwave power, extraction cycles, solvent to material ratio, irradiation time and pH value) were investigated for the optimization of the extraction using single factor and Box-Behnken experimental design. Response surface methodology analysis showed good correspondence between experimental and predicted values. It was found that the most effective parameter was solvent to material ratio, which was in good agreement with the experimental value. The adjusted coefficient of determination (Radj (2)) for the model was 93.45%. Probability value (P < 0.001) demonstrated a very high significance for the regression model. The maximum yield of flavonoids with MAE was obtained by dual extraction with solvent to material ratio of 1: 16.5, irradiation time of 23 min, and pH value of 8.4 at microwave power of 600 W. The optimal yield with MAE 6.07 mg/g were slightly lower than that of Soxhlet extracted and higher than that of heat reflux extraction with water. The extracts exhibited high scavenging effects on DPPH radical. With increasing concentration between 0.10 and 0.80 mg/mL, the scavenging rate achieved 62.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shao
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
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Muffler K, Leipold D, Scheller MC, Haas C, Steingroewer J, Bley T, Neuhaus HE, Mirata MA, Schrader J, Ulber R. Biotransformation of triterpenes. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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42
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Jiang TF, Lv ZH, Wang YH, Yue ME, Peng JH. On-line concentration by field-enhanced sample injection with reverse migrating micelles in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for the analysis of triterpenoids from traditional chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934810090108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Shen D, Pan MH, Wu QL, Park CH, Juliani HR, Ho CT, Simon JE. LC-MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of the anti-inflammatory constituents in oregano (Origanum species). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:7119-25. [PMID: 20496910 DOI: 10.1021/jf100636h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Oregano (Origanum spp.), a popular herb in western and Middle Eastern cuisine, was reported to show anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo but without any information as to the compounds responsible, whether the plants were authenticated or only contained true Origanum spp. Using a wide range of botanically authenticated oregano, we were able to show that oregano had anti-inflammatory activity and then using biodirected-guided fractionation, identified the anti-inflammatory agents in oregano as rosmarinic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid. In this study, we successfully developed an LC-MS (SIM mode) method to achieve coquantitation of these three organic acids with the application of a unique tandem column system. The detection of rosmarinic acid was optimal under negative ion mode of SIM, whereas oleanolic acid and ursolic acid were sensitive to positive ion mode. The simultaneous quantitation was attained by setting two time segments in one run to facilitate the ESI polarity switch. For the investigated analytes romarinic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid, good linearities (r(2) > 0.999) were obtained for each calibration curve. Validation for this method showed a precision (relative standard deviation) ranging from 4.84 to 6.41%, and the recoveries varied from 92.2 to 100.8% for the three analytes. A quantitative survey of these anti-inflammatory constituents in different oregano species (O. vulgare ssp. hirtum, O. vulgare, and O. syriacum) and chemotypes within the species varied significantly in their accumulation of rosmarinic, oleanolic, and ursolic acids. Significant variation in chemical composition between species and within a species was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandian Shen
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
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Jia XY, Li NB, Luo HQ. Determination of Ursolic Acid in Force Loquat Capsule by Ultrasonic Extraction and Ionic Liquid Based Reverse Dispersive LLME. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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45
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Hsu CL, Hong BH, Yu YS, Yen GC. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Orthosiphon aristatus and its bioactive compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:2150-6. [PMID: 20095565 DOI: 10.1021/jf903557c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq., which can be used as a food ingredient, is grown throughout Southeast Asia and Australia. O. aristatus is frequently used for the treatment of renal inflammation, kidney stones and dysuria. The focus of the current work was to study the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of methanol, ethanol and water extracts from O. aristatus (abbreviated as MEOA, EEOA and WEOA, respectively). The evaluation of antioxidant activity was determined by total phenolics, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), oxygen-radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays. These assays demonstrated a relatively high antioxidant activity for MEOA and EEOA. These results revealed that EEOA had the most prominent inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in RAW 264.7 cells. A high performance liquid chromatography profile indicated that MEOA and EEOA contained both ursolic acid and oleanolic acid. Moreover, ursolic acid significantly reduced NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Both EEOA and ursolic acid inhibited LPS-stimulated protein and mRNA expression of both inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in these cells. These results demonstrate that EEOA and its bioactive compound, ursolic acid, suppress LPS-induced NO and PGE(2) production by inhibiting ROS generation, along with reducing expression of iNOS and COX-2 in RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Lin Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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46
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Tarvainen M, Suomela JP, Kallio H, Yang B. Triterpene Acids in Plantago major: Identification, Quantification and Comparison of Different Extraction Methods. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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47
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Müller-Waldeck F, Sitzmann J, Schnitzler WH, Grassmann J. Determination of toxic perilla ketone, secondary plant metabolites and antioxidative capacity in five Perilla frutescens L. varieties. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 48:264-70. [PMID: 19833165 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Perilla frutescens L. is a traditional Asian crop with multiple uses. Several varieties exist but only little data is available about the content of the toxic perilla ketone and secondary plant metabolites of those genotypes. To estimate the nutritional value of this new vegetable more information about those components is necessary. We investigated five genotypes of P. frutescens L. to determine their content of PK, phenolics, carotenoids and AC. AC was examined using ABTS-decolorization assay and lipid peroxidation assay. Carotenoids were identified and quantified by HPLC analysis, phenolics were quantified by means of Folin-Ciocalteu and PK was identified by GC/MS. Two genotypes were found to contain PK, a potent lung toxin, and are therefore not suitable for consumption. The phenolic content and corresponding antioxidative capacity of all genotypes is considerably high compared to other vegetables. All genotypes moreover contain notably high concentrations of carotenoids with contents up to fivefold higher than in other carotenoid rich vegetables. The results indicate that there are several genotypes which are not suitable for consumption due to their content of PK. However PK free genotypes are rich sources of natural antioxidants, and may therefore be considered as a novel vegetable with health promoting properties.
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48
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Kontogianni VG, Exarchou V, Troganis A, Gerothanassis IP. Rapid and novel discrimination and quantification of oleanolic and ursolic acids in complex plant extracts using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-Comparison with HPLC methods. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 635:188-95. [PMID: 19216877 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy for NMR analysis of mixtures of oleanolic and ursolic acids that occur in natural products is described. These important phytochemicals have similar structure and their discrimination and quantification is rather difficult. We report herein the combined use of proton-carbon heteronuclear single-quantum coherence ((1)H-(13)C HSQC) and proton-carbon heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation ((1)H-(13)C HMBC) NMR spectroscopy, in the identification and quantitation of oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA)in plant extracts of the Lamiaceae and Oleaceae family. The combination of (1)H-(13)C HSQC and (1)H-(13)C HMBC techniques allows the connection of the proton and carbon-13 spins across the molecular backbone resulting in the identification and, thus, discrimination of oleanolic and ursolic acid without resorting to physicochemical separation of the components. The quantitative results provided by 2D (1)H-(13)C HSQC NMR data were obtained within a short period of time ( approximately 14min) and are in excellent agreement with those obtained by HPLC, which support the efficiency of the suggested methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki G Kontogianni
- Section of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina GR-45110, Greece
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49
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Uchôa VT, de Paula RC, Krettli LG, Santana AEG, Krettli AU. Antimalarial activity of compounds and mixed fractions of Cecropia pachystachya. Drug Dev Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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50
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Lee MK, Ahn YM, Lee KR, Jung JH, Jung OS, Hong J. Development of a validated liquid chromatographic method for the quality control of Prunellae Spica: determination of triterpenic acids. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 633:271-7. [PMID: 19166733 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid reversed-phase HPLC-UV method was developed for the determination of triterpenic acids in the crude extract of Prunellae Spica. Five triterpenic acids were extracted and isolated from P. Spica as marker compounds for use in the quality control of herbal medicines. Various solvent extraction techniques were evaluated, and the greatest efficiency was observed with sonication in 100% ethanol. Elemental compositions of the five marker compounds were determined by high-resolution mass spectroscopy. The dynamic range of the HPLC-UV method depended on the specific analyte, and acceptable quantitation was obtained between 10 and 250 microgmL(-1) for oleanolic acid, between 10 and 300 microgmL(-1) for ursolic acid, between 3 and 75 microgmL(-1) for 2alpha,3alpha,24-trihydroxyolean-12en-28oic acid, between 5 and 100 microgmL(-1) for euscaphic acid, and between 5 and 100 microgmL(-1) for 2alpha,3alpha-dihydroxyurs-12en-28oic acid. The method was deemed satisfactory by inter- and intra-day validation and exhibited both high accuracy and precision (relative standard deviation <9.4%). Overall limits of quantitation and detection were approximately 0.5-2.5 microgmL(-1) at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 3 and were about 3.0-10.0 microgmL(-1) at a S/N of 10. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the analytical data of 15 different P. Spica samples in order to classify samples collected from different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
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