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Consortti LP, Salgado HRN. A Critical Review of Analytical Methods for Quantification of Cefotaxime. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 47:359-371. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1298988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Paganini Consortti
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências farmacêuticas, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências farmacêuticas, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Oxidative Cleavage of β-Lactam Ring of Cephalosporins with Chloramine-T in Alkaline Medium: A Kinetic, Mechanistic, and Reactivity Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/738932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cephalosporins are β-lactam antibiotics, and the important drugs of this group are cephalexin, cefadroxil and cephradine. In the present research, the kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of cephalexin (CEX), cefadroxil (CFL), and cephradine (CPD) with chloramine-T (CAT) in alkaline medium were investigated at 301 K. All the three oxidation reactions follow identical kinetics with a first-order dependence each on [CAT]o and [substrate]o. The reaction is catalyzed by hydroxide ions, and the order is found to be fractional. The dielectric effect is negative. Proton inventory studies in H2O-D2O mixtures with CEX as a probe have been made. Activation parameters and reaction constants have been evaluated. Oxidation products were identified by mass spectral analysis. An isokinetic relation was observed with β = 378 K, indicating that enthalpy factors control the rate. The rate increases in the following order: CPD > CFL > CEX. The proposed mechanism and the derived rate law are consistent with the observed kinetics.
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Panahi HA, Mehramizi A, Hosseinifard Z, Moniri E. Synthesis and characterization of new molecular imprinting poly[1-(N,N-bis-carboxymethyl)amino-3-allylglycerol-co-dimethylacrylamide] for selective sorption and determination of cefuroxime sodium in biological and pharmaceutical samples. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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4
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Bano S, Mohd A, Khan AAP, Siddiqi KS. Resonance Rayleigh Scattering Spectra, Nonlinear Scattering Spectra of Selected Cephalosporins-Cd(II) Chelate with Titan Yellow and Their Analytical Applications. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2010.497461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Schmidt CA, Agarrayua DA, Laporta LV, Machado JC, Manfio ML, Bittencourt CF. Development and validation of a microbiological agar assay for determination of cefuroxime sodium in pharmaceutical preparations. J Microbiol Methods 2009; 77:308-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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6
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PAGANI AP, CABEZÓN MA, IBÁÑEZ GA. Simultaneous Kinetic-Spectrofluorometric Determination of Levodopa and Carbidopa Using Partial Least-Squares Regression. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:633-8. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariana P. PAGANI
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario and Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
| | - Miguel A. CABEZÓN
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario and Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
| | - Gabriela A. IBÁÑEZ
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario and Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
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Moreno ADH, Salgado HRN. Spectrophotometric Determination of Ceftazidime in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using Neocuproin as a Complexing Agent. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802240818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Mohamed FA, Saleh GA, El-Shaboury SR, Rageh AH. Selective Densitometric Analysis of Cephalosporins Using Dragendorff’s Reagent. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Wu LL, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Li QM. Indirect Determination of Sodium Cefotaxime with N-Propyl Alcohol-Ammonium Sulfate-Water System by Extraction-Flotation of Cuprous Thiocyanate. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200800081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Pasha C, Narayana B. A simple method for the spectrophotometric determination of cephalosporins in pharmaceuticals using variamine blue. ECLÉTICA QUÍMICA 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-46702008000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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El-Shaboury SR, Saleh GA, Mohamed FA, Rageh AH. Analysis of cephalosporin antibiotics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 45:1-19. [PMID: 17689910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 05/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review with 276 references for the analysis of members of an important class of drugs, cephalosporin antibiotics, is presented. The review covers most of the methods described for the analysis of these drugs in pure forms, in different pharmaceutical dosage forms and in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa R El-Shaboury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Facutly of Pharmacy, Assiut Univeristy, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Facutly of Pharmacy, Assiut Univeristy, 71526 Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Fardous A Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Facutly of Pharmacy, Assiut Univeristy, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Azza H Rageh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Facutly of Pharmacy, Assiut Univeristy, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
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Abdellatef HE. Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods for the determination of ramipril in its pure and dosage form. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 66:701-6. [PMID: 16872873 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 04/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes three sensitive spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods for determination of ramipril in its pure form and pharmaceutical tablets. The first method is based on the oxidation of the drug with 1-chlorobenzotriazole reagent (CBT) in strong alkaline medium followed by measuring the absorbance at 350 nm. The method obeys Beer's law over concentration range 15-50 microg ml(-1). For the second and third, both are non-extractive methods based on the formation of ternary complex between copper (II), eosin and ramipril in the presence of methylcellulose as surfactant. Spectrophotometrically, under the optimum condition, the ternary complex showed an absorption maximum at 543 nm. The method obeys Beer's law over concentration range of 20-80 microg ml(-1). A fluorescence quenching method for the determination of ramipril by forming this ternary complex was also investigated for the propose of enhance the sensitivity of the determination. The methods are simple, sensitive, and accurate. The results obtained are reproducible with a coefficient of variation less than 2%. The proposed have been successfully applied to the assay of ramipril in tablets. The results compare favorably with official method.
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Amin AS, Ragab GH. Spectrophotometric determination of certain cephalosporins in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2004; 60:2831-2835. [PMID: 15350919 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2003.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2003] [Accepted: 12/18/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A simple and reproducible spectrophotometeric method for the assay of cefotaxime sodium, cefuroxime sodium, and ceftriaxone disodium with metol-chromium(VI) reagent has been developed. The procedure is based on direct oxidation of metol by potassium dichromate in presence of drug in acidic medium and subsequent formation of ternary complex. Beer's law is obeyed in the range 0.2-28 microg ml(-1) at lambdamax 520 nm. For more accurate analysis, Ringbom optimum concentration range is found to be 0.8-26.5 microg ml(-1). The molar absorptivity and Sandell sensitivity were calculated. Six replicate analysis of solutions containing seven different concentrations of the examined drugs were carried out and gave a mean correlation coefficient < or =0.9996; the factors of the regression line equation for the three cephalosporins were calculated. The proposed method was applied to the determination of the examined drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and the results demonstrated that the method is equally accurate, precise, and reproducible as the official methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa S Amin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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El-Yazbi FA, Gazy AA, Mahgoub H, El-Sayed MA, Youssef RM. Spectrophotometric and titrimetric determination of nizatidine in capsules. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 31:1027-34. [PMID: 12684116 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Four simple and accurate methods are described for the determination of nizatidine (NIZ) in pharmaceutical preparations. The first method is based on the formation of an ion-pair complex between the drug and either of bromocresol purple or picric acid with subsequent measurement of the developed colors at 411 and 400 nm, respectively. The second method depends on the condensation of mixed anhydrides of citric acid/acetic anhydride, with the tertiary amino group of the drug, where the developed color is measured spectrophotometrically at 545 nm. The oxidation of nizatidine by N-bromosuccinimide was utilized as a basis for the titrimetric method for its assay in capsules. The last method depends on the oxidation of nizatidine by ammonium cerium IV sulfate in the presence of perchloric acid with subsequent measurement of the absorbance at 314 nm; this principle is adopted to develop a kinetic method for the determination of NIZ in capsules. All the reaction conditions have been studied. The detection limits were varied from 0.44 to 0.78 microg ml(-1). The proposed methods were successfully applied to the assay of nizatidine in capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A El-Yazbi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Alexandria, El-Messalah, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
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Mahgoub H. Spectrophotometric and fluorimetric determination of aztreonam in bulk and dosage forms. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 31:767-74. [PMID: 12644203 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Spectrophotometric and fluorimetric determination of aztreonam were achieved through its reaction with cerium (IV) in acidic medium. The spectrophotometric method involves the quantitation of the amount of ceric equivalent to aztreonam by measuring the absorbance at 317 nm and the corresponding first-derivative value at 284 nm for the blank solution against the reaction solution. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration ranges of 1.5-4 and 1-4 microg ml(-1), respectively. Meanwhile, in the fluorimetric method, higher sensitivity was achieved by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the formed cerium (III) at lambda(em)=357 nm (lambda(ex)=257 nm) within a concentration range 150-350 ng ml(-1). Study of the reaction conditions and reaction stoichiometry were presented. Interference from L-arginine, which is frequently co-formulated with aztreonam, was tested. The proposed procedures were applied successfully to the determination of aztreonam in pure form and in presence of arginine both in laboratory mixtures and commercial vials. The proposed methods are sensitive, accurate and precise as compared with the official USP 24 HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Mahgoub
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, P.O. Box 21521, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Amin AS, Ahmed IS, Dessouki HA, Gouda EA. Utility of oxidation-reduction reaction for the determination of ranitidine hydrochloride in pure form, in dosage forms and in the presence of its oxidative degradates. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2003; 59:695-703. [PMID: 12609617 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(02)00226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Three simple, accurate and sensitive colorimetric methods (A, B and C) for the determination of ranitidine HCl (RHCl) in bulk sample, in dosage forms and in the presence of its oxidative degradates are described. The first method A is based on the oxidation of the drug by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and determination of the unreacted NBS by measurement of the decrease in absorbance of amaranth dye (AM) at a suitable lambda(max)=520 nm. The methods B and C involve the addition of excess Ce(4+) and determination of the unreacted oxidant by decrease the red color of chromotrope 2R (C2R) at a suitable lambda(max)=528 nm for method B or decrease the orange pink color of rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) at a suitable lambda(max)=526 nm for method C. Regression analysis of Beer-Lambert plots showed good correlation in the concentration ranges 0.2-3.6, 0.1-2.8 and 0.1-2.6 microg ml(-1) for methods A, B and C, respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity. Sandell sensitivity, detection and quantitation limits were calculated. For more accurate results, Ringbom optimum concentration ranges were 0.3-3.4, 0.2-2.6 and 0.2-2.4 microg ml(-1) for methods A, B and C, respectively. Analyzing pure and dosage forms containing RHCl tested the validity of the proposed methods. The relative standard deviations were </=1.38 with recoveries 98.9-101.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Amin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
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Abstract
Two simple, accurate, sensitive and selective procedures for the determination of eight cephalosporins are described. These procedures are based on the formation of ion-pair complexes between the drugs and ammonium reineckate, the formed precipitates are quantitatively determined either colourimetrically or by atomic absorption spectrometrically. The methods consist of reacting drugs with Reinecke's salt in an acidic medium at 25+/-2 degrees. The first colourimetric procedure (procedure I) is based on dissolving the formed precipitate with acetone, the volume was completed quantitatively and the absorbance of the solution was measured at 525 nm against pure solvent blank. Also, the formed precipitates on the atomic absorption spectrometric procedure (procedure II) are quantitatively determined directly or indirectly through the chromium precipitate formed or the residual unreacted chromium in the filtrate at 358.6 nm. The optimum conditions for precipitation have been carefully studied. Beer's law is obeyed for the studied drugs in the range 5-35 microg ml(-1) with correlation coefficients not less-than 0.9989. Both procedures I and II hold well accuracy and precision when applied to the analysis of the cited cephalosporins in different dosage forms with good recovery percent ranged from 98.7+/-0.90 to 100.1+/-0.74 without interference from additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Salem
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
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Al-Momani IF. Spectrophotometric determination of selected cephalosporins in drug formulations using flow injection analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2001; 25:751-7. [PMID: 11377057 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, accurate and rapid flow injection analysis (FIA) method for the determination of cefotaxime, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefaclor, cefixime, ceftizoxime, and cephalexin is proposed. Aliquots of each cephalosporin were hydrolyzed for 15 min with 0.1 M NaOH at 80 degrees C and then oxidized with Fe3+ in sulfuric acid medium to produce Fe2+. The produced Fe2+ is then complexed by o-phenanthroline (o-phen) in citrate buffer at pH 4.2 to form the red complex, Fe(o-phen)3(2+), which exhibits an absorption maximum at 510 nm. Variables such as acidity, reagent concentrations, flow rate of reagents and other FI parameters were optimized to produce the most sensitive and reproducible results. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical preparations. The results have been compared with those obtained using the official methods. Excellent agreement between the results of the proposed method and the official methods was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Al-Momani
- Chemistry Department, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
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