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Mohd Khalid MKN, Ahmad N, Hii SYF, Abd Wahab MA, Hashim R, Liow YL. Molecular characterization of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates in Malaysia between 1981 and 2016. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:105-110. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Khairul Nizam Mohd Khalid
- 1Molecular Diagnostics and Protein Unit, Specialised Diagnostics Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norazah Ahmad
- 2Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shirley Yi Fen Hii
- 2Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Adib Abd Wahab
- 2Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohaidah Hashim
- 2Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yii Ling Liow
- 2Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hong KW, Asmah Hani A, Nurul Aina Murni C, Pusparani R, Chong CK, Verasahib K, Yusoff WNW, Noordin NM, Tee KK, Yin WF, Yu CY, Ang GY, Chan KG. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis of a toxigenic clinical isolate of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain B-D-16-78 from Malaysia. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 54:263-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Multilocus sequence typing identifies evidence for recombination and two distinct lineages of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:4177-85. [PMID: 20844217 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00274-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the development of a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causative agent of the potentially fatal upper respiratory disease diphtheria. Global changes in diphtheria epidemiology are highlighted by the recent epidemic in the former Soviet Union (FSU) and also by the emergence of nontoxigenic strains causing atypical disease. Although numerous techniques have been developed to characterize C. diphtheriae, their use is hindered by limited portability and, in some instances, poor reproducibility. One hundred fifty isolates from 18 countries and encompassing a period of 50 years were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Strain discrimination was in accordance with previous ribotyping data, and clonal complexes associated with disease outbreaks were clearly identified by MLST. The data produced are portable, reproducible, and unambiguous. The MLST scheme described provides a valuable tool for monitoring and characterizing endemic and epidemic C. diphtheriae strains. Furthermore, multilocus sequence analysis of the nucleotide data reveals two distinct lineages within the population of C. diphtheriae examined, one of which is composed exclusively of biotype belfanti isolates and the other of multiple biotypes.
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Hirata R, Pereira GA, Filardy AA, Gomes DLR, Damasco PV, Rosa ACP, Nagao PE, Pimenta FP, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Potential pathogenic role of aggregative-adhering Corynebacterium diphtheriae of different clonal groups in endocarditis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2009; 41:986-91. [PMID: 19099151 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2008001100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive diseases caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae have been described increasingly. Several reports indicate the destructive feature of endocarditis attributable to nontoxigenic strains. However, few reports have dealt with the pathogenicity of invasive strains. The present investigation demonstrates a phenotypic trait that may be used to identify potentially invasive strains. The study also draws attention to clinical and microbiological aspects observed in 5 cases of endocarditis due to C. diphtheriae that occurred outside Europe. Four cases occurred in female school-age children (7-14 years) treated at different hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. All patients developed other complications including septicemia, renal failure and/or arthritis. Surgical treatment was performed on 2 patients for valve replacement. Lethality was observed in 40% of the cases. Microorganisms isolated from 5 blood samples and identified as C. diphtheriae subsp mitis (N = 4) and C. diphtheriae subsp gravis (N = 1) displayed an aggregative adherence pattern to HEp-2 cells and identical one-dimensional SDS-PAGE protein profiles. Aggregative-adhering invasive strains of C. diphtheriae showed 5 distinct RAPD profiles. Despite the clonal diversity, all 5 C. diphtheriae invasive isolates seemed to display special bacterial adhesive properties that may favor blood-barrier disruption and systemic dissemination of bacteria. In conclusion, blood isolates from patients with endocarditis exhibited a unique adhering pattern, suggesting a pathogenic role of aggregative-adhering C. diphtheriae of different clones in endocarditis. Accordingly, the aggregative-adherence pattern may be used as an indication of some invasive potential of C. diphtheriae strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hirata
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
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Mokrousov I, Narvskaya O, Limeschenko E, Vyazovaya A. Efficient discrimination within a Corynebacterium diphtheriae epidemic clonal group by a novel macroarray-based method. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:1662-8. [PMID: 15814981 PMCID: PMC1081353 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.4.1662-1668.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A large diphtheria epidemic in the 1990s in Russia and neighboring countries was caused by a clonal group of closely related Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains (ribotypes Sankt-Peterburg and Rossija). In the recently published complete genome sequence of C. diphtheriae strain NCTC13129, representative of the epidemic clone (A. M. Cerdeno-Tarraga et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 31:6516-6523, 2003), we identified in silico two direct repeat (DR) loci 39 kb downstream and 180 kb upstream of the oriC region, consisting of minisatellite (27- to 36-bp) alternating DRs and variable spacers. We designated these loci DRA and DRB, respectively. A reverse-hybridization macroarray-based method has been developed to study polymorphism (the presence or absence of 21 different spacers) in the larger DRB locus. We name it spoligotyping (spacer oligonucleotide typing), analogously to a similar method of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotyping. The method was evaluated with 154 clinical strains of the C. diphtheriae epidemic clone from the St. Petersburg area in Russia from 1997 to 2002. By comparison with the international ribotype database (Institut Pasteur, Paris, France), these strains were previously identified as belonging to ribotypes Sankt-Peterburg (n = 79) and Rossija (n = 75). The 154 strains were subdivided into 34 spoligotypes: 14 unique strains and 20 types shared by 2 to 46 strains; the Hunter Gaston discriminatory index (HGDI) was 0.85. DRB locus-based spoligotyping allows fast and efficient discrimination within the C. diphtheriae epidemic clonal group and is applicable to both epidemiological investigations and phylogenetic reconstruction. The results are easy to interpret and can be presented and stored in a user-friendly digital database (Excel file), allowing rapid type determination of new strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Mokrousov
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14, Mira St., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia. [corrected]
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Damian M, Grimont F, Narvskaya O, Straut M, Surdeanu M, Cojocaru R, Mokrousov I, Diaconescu A, Andronescu C, Melnic A, Mutoi L, Grimont PAD. Study of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated in Romania, northwestern Russia and the Republic of Moldova. Res Microbiol 2002; 153:99-106. [PMID: 11902155 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(01)01294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A selection of 167 Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated in Romania, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Moldova were analysed by biotyping, phage typing, the toxin production test and by molecular techniques such as ribotyping, pulsed field gel electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA, in order to establish the epidemiological relatedness, genetic divergence and strain circulation within and between the bordering countries. Using a set of five digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotides and BstEII digestion, 34 ribotypes were identified. The strains isolated in the epidemic areas (Russia and Moldova) were very closely related but different from those isolated in Romania. C1 and C5 were the main ribotypes identified in these areas. Neither ribotype was found in Romania, where the main circulating types were C3 and C7. Field inversion gel electrophoresis was more discriminative than ribotyping and revealed 54 macrorestriction profiles after SfiI restriction. Both methods showed a significant homogeneity of the strains from epidemic areas and a large diversity among the Romanian strains. Random amplification was useful as an identification method for the epidemic strains, but not for the Romanian ones which displayed a large number of amplification profiles. The phenotypic methods associated with molecular typing techniques enabled distinguishing between strains, detecting the epidemic clone, and sustaining the absence of transmission across borders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Damian
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Cantacuzino Institute, Bucharest, Romania
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Kombarova S, Kim C, Melnikov V, Reeves M, Borisova O, Mazurova I, Popovic T. Rapid identification of Corynebacterium diphtheriae clonal group associated with diphtheria epidemic, Russian Federation. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7:133-6. [PMID: 11266304 PMCID: PMC2631672 DOI: 10.3201/eid0701.010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We used 199 Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated from 1995 to 1997 in Russia to evaluate the ability of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to identify the unique clonal group that emerged there in 1990. Our data show that RAPD can reliably, reproducibly, and rapidly screen a large number of strains to identify the epidemic clonal group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kombarova
- Gabrichevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
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Popovic T, Mazurova IK, Efstratiou A, Vuopio-Varkila J, Reeves MW, De Zoysa A, Glushkevich T, Grimont P. Molecular epidemiology of diphtheria. J Infect Dis 2000; 181 Suppl 1:S168-77. [PMID: 10657209 DOI: 10.1086/315556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular subtyping of Corynebacterium diphtheriae identified significant genetic diversity within the species and led to the identification of a unique clonal group that emerged in Russia in 1990 at the beginning of the current epidemic. Strains of this group belong to a distinct electrophoretic type complex and are of ribotypes D1 and D4. Identification of the group allowed for precise monitoring of the epidemic's progression and for rapid detection of cases imported to other countries. The evolution of this clonal group was monitored, and changes were identified. Molecular analysis revealed that no amino acid substitutions have occurred in the diphtheria toxin gene of the epidemic clone strains, reaffirming the use of the current vaccine as the single most effective preventive measure. Application of molecular subtyping methods and continuous monitoring of the spread of these clones has made it possible to distinguish rapidly between epidemic, endemic, and imported cases, allowing for implementation of timely and adequate preventive measures and providing reassurance that no secondary spread resulted from importations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Popovic
- Epidemic Investigations Laboratory, Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Grayson TH, Cooper LF, Atienzar FA, Knowles MR, Gilpin ML. Molecular differentiation of Renibacterium salmoninarum isolates from worldwide locations. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:961-8. [PMID: 10049848 PMCID: PMC91129 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.3.961-968.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renibacterium salmoninarum is a genospecies that is an obligate pathogen of salmonid fish and is capable of intracellular survival. Conventional typing systems have failed to differentiate isolates of R. salmoninarum. We used two methods to assess the extent of molecular variation which was present in isolates from different geographic locations. In one analysis we investigated possible polymorphisms in a specific region of the genome, the intergenic spacer (ITS) region between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. In the other analysis we analyzed differences throughout the genome by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). We amplified the spacer region of 74 isolates by using PCR and performed a DNA sequence analysis with 14 geographically distinct samples. The results showed that the 16S-23S ribosomal DNA spacer region of R. salmoninarum is highly conserved and suggested that only a single copy of the rRNA operon is present in this slowly growing pathogen. DNA sequencing of the spacer region showed that it was the same length in all 14 isolates examined, and the same nucleotide sequence, sequevar 1, was obtained for 11 of these isolates. Two other sequevars were found. No tRNA genes were found. We found that RAPD analysis allows reproducible differentiation between isolates of R. salmoninarum obtained from different hosts and different geographic regions. By using RAPD analysis it was possible to differentiate between isolates with identical ITS sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Grayson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, United Kingdom.
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