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Grayson TH, Gilpin ML, Evenden AJ, Munn CB. Evidence for the immune recognition of two haemolysins of Renibacterium salmoninarum by fish displaying clinical symptoms of bacterial kidney disease (BKD). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2001; 11:367-370. [PMID: 11417723 DOI: 10.1006/fsim.2000.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T H Grayson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK.
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2
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Alexander SM, Grayson TH, Chambers EM, Cooper LF, Barker GA, Gilpin ML. Variation in the spacer regions separating tRNA genes in Renibacterium salmoninarum distinguishes recent clinical isolates from the same location. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:119-28. [PMID: 11136759 PMCID: PMC87690 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.1.119-128.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A means for distinguishing between clinical isolates of Renibacterium salmoninarum that is based on the PCR amplification of length polymorphisms in the tRNA intergenic spacer regions (tDNA-ILPs) was investigated. The method used primers specific to nucleotide sequences of R. salmoninarum tRNA genes and tRNA intergenic spacer regions that had been generated by using consensus tRNA gene primers. Twenty-one PCR products were sequenced from five isolates of R. salmoninarum from the United States, England, and Scotland, and four complete tRNA genes and spacer regions were identified. Sixteen specific PCR primers were designed and tested singly and in all possible pairwise combinations for their potential to discriminate between isolates from recent clinical outbreaks of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in the United Kingdom. Fourteen of the isolates were cultured from kidney samples taken from fish displaying clinical signs of BKD on five farms, and some of the isolates came from the same farm and at the same time. The tDNA-ILP profiles separated 22 clinical isolates into nine groups and highlighted that some farms may have had more than one source of infection. The grouping of isolates improved on the discriminatory power of previously reported typing methods based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and restriction fragment length profiles developed using insertion sequence IS994. Our method enabled us to make divisions between closely related clinical isolates of R. salmoninarum that have identical exact tandem repeat (ETR-A) loci, rRNA intergenic spacer sequences, and IS994 profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Alexander
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
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3
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Grayson TH, Alexander SM, Cooper LF, Gilpin ML. Renibacterium salmoninarum isolates from different sources possess two highly conserved copies of the rRNA operon . Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2000; 78:51-61. [PMID: 11016696 DOI: 10.1023/a:1002745129625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequences of the rRNA genes and the 5' flanking region were determined for R. salmoninarum ATCC 33209T from overlapping products generated by PCR amplification from the genomic DNA. Comparison of the sequences with rRNA genes from a variety of bacteria demonstrated the close relatedness between R. salmoninarum and the high G+C group of the actinobacteria, in particular, Arthrobacter species. A regulatory element within the 5' leader of the rRNA operon was identical to an element, CL2, described for mycobacteria. PCR, DNA sequence analysis, and DNA hybridisation were performed to examine variation between isolates from diverse sources which represented the four 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer sequevars previously described for R. salmoninarum. Two 23S-5S rRNA intergenic spacer sequevars of identical length were found. DNA hybridisation using probes complementary to 23S rDNA and 16S rDNA identified two rRNA operons which were identical or nearly identical amongst 40 isolates sourced from a variety of countries.
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MESH Headings
- Actinomycetales/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Conserved Sequence
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Gene Dosage
- Genetic Variation
- Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods, Regular/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Operon
- Phylogeny
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5S/genetics
- Restriction Mapping
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Grayson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK.
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4
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Houge-Frydrych CS, Gilpin ML, Skett PW, Tyler JW. SB-203207 and SB-203208, two novel isoleucyl tRNA synthetase inhibitors from a Streptomyces sp. II. Structure determination. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2000; 53:364-72. [PMID: 10866218 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.53.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel isoleucyl tRNA synthetase inhibitors, SB-203207 and SB-203208 have been isolated from a Streptomyces sp. and found to be structurally related to altemicidin. Structures of SB-203207 and SB-203208 have been deduced by a combination of spectroscopic techniques, derivatisation, hydrolysis studies and found to be 4-(aminocarbonyl)-7-[[(2-amino-3-methylpentanoyl)aminosul phonyl]acetamido]-2,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-1H-2- pyrindine-7-carboxylic acid (1) and 4-(aminocarbonyl)-7-[[(2-amino-3-methyl pentanoyl)-aminosulphonyl]acetamido]-2,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-6-(2- amino-3-phenylbutanoyl oxy)-2-methyl-1H-2-pyrindine-7-carboxylic acid (2), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Houge-Frydrych
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex, UK
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5
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Grayson TH, Atienzar FA, Alexander SM, Cooper LF, Gilpin ML. Molecular diversity of Renibacterium salmoninarum isolates determined by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:435-8. [PMID: 10618262 PMCID: PMC91844 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.1.435-438.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular diversity among 60 isolates of Renibacterium salmoninarum which differ in place and date of isolation was investigated by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Isolates were grouped into 21 banding patterns which did not reflect the biological source. Four 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer (ITS1) sequence variations and two alleles of an exact tandem repeat locus, ETR-A, were the bases for formation of distinct groups within the RAPD clusters. This study provides evidence that the most common ITS1 sequence variant, SV1, possesses two copies of a 51-bp repeat unit at ETR-A and has been widely dispersed among countries which are associated with mainstream intensive salmonid culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Grayson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, United Kingdom.
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6
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Grayson TH, Cooper LF, Atienzar FA, Knowles MR, Gilpin ML. Molecular differentiation of Renibacterium salmoninarum isolates from worldwide locations. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:961-8. [PMID: 10049848 PMCID: PMC91129 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.3.961-968.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renibacterium salmoninarum is a genospecies that is an obligate pathogen of salmonid fish and is capable of intracellular survival. Conventional typing systems have failed to differentiate isolates of R. salmoninarum. We used two methods to assess the extent of molecular variation which was present in isolates from different geographic locations. In one analysis we investigated possible polymorphisms in a specific region of the genome, the intergenic spacer (ITS) region between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. In the other analysis we analyzed differences throughout the genome by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). We amplified the spacer region of 74 isolates by using PCR and performed a DNA sequence analysis with 14 geographically distinct samples. The results showed that the 16S-23S ribosomal DNA spacer region of R. salmoninarum is highly conserved and suggested that only a single copy of the rRNA operon is present in this slowly growing pathogen. DNA sequencing of the spacer region showed that it was the same length in all 14 isolates examined, and the same nucleotide sequence, sequevar 1, was obtained for 11 of these isolates. Two other sequevars were found. No tRNA genes were found. We found that RAPD analysis allows reproducible differentiation between isolates of R. salmoninarum obtained from different hosts and different geographic regions. By using RAPD analysis it was possible to differentiate between isolates with identical ITS sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Grayson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, United Kingdom.
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7
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Mcintosh D, Flaño E, Grayson TH, Gilpin ML, Austin B, Villena AJ. Production of putative virulence factors by Renibacterium salmoninarum grown in cell culture. Microbiology (Reading) 1997; 143 ( Pt 10):3349-3356. [PMID: 9353936 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-143-10-3349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A cell culture system, employing the fish cell line Epithelioma papillosum cyprini (EPC), was developed to study the synthesis of intracellular antigen and the expression of putative virulence factors by Renibacterium salmoninarum. EPC cultures infected with R. salmoninarum could be maintained for 7 weeks, during which the pathogen multiplied intracellularly. Immunohistochemical examination of infected cultures revealed the production of the p57 antigen, haemolysin and cytolysin. The intracellular nature of the infection was confirmed by transmission electron microscopic examination of EPC monolayers. A comparison of the relative virulence of bacterial cells cultured in EPC cells and on agar plates revealed that the former were markedly more virulent in challenge experiments with juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). The EPC cell culture model provided a system for the study of R. salmoninarum under more natural conditions than those achieved with plate culture techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mcintosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - E Flaño
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Anatomía, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de León, 24071-León, Spain
| | - T H Grayson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - M L Gilpin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - B Austin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - A J Villena
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Anatomía, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de León, 24071-León, Spain
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8
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Gilpin ML, Fulston M, Payne D, Cramp R, Hood I. Isolation and structure determination of two novel phenazines from a Streptomyces with inhibitory activity against metallo-enzymes, including metallo-beta-lactamase. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1995; 48:1081-5. [PMID: 7490211 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.48.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Two novel metabolites, SB 212021 and SB 212305, have been isolated from a Streptomyces and shown to have molecular formulae of C15H10N2O5 and C20H17N3O8S, respectively. The structures were deduced by a combination of NMR techniques and mass spectral fragmentation patterns and shown to be novel members of the phenazine group of antibiotics. In the absence of added zinc, both compounds had IC50's of 1-75 microM for the Bacteroides fragilis 262 CfiA and Xanthomonas maltophilia L-1 metallo-beta-lactamases. The compounds also inhibited ACE with IC50's of 55 and 68 microM, respectively. Mode of action studies illustrate that the compounds inhibit some metalloenzymes by chelation of the active site metal ion. They exhibit poor antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Gilpin
- Smithkline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Betchworth, Surrey, U.K
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9
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Coates NJ, Gilpin ML, Gwynn MN, Lewis DE, Milner PH, Spear SR, Tyler JW. SB-202742, a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor isolated from Spondias mombin. J Nat Prod 1994; 57:654-657. [PMID: 8064298 DOI: 10.1021/np50107a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
SB-202742 [1], an anacardic acid derivative possessing beta-lactamase inhibitory activity, has been isolated from a hexane extract of the plant, Spondias mombin. Its isolation, structure determination, and biological activity are reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Coates
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Chemotherapeutic Research Centre, Betchworth, Surrey, UK
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10
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Furones MD, Gilpin ML, Munn CB. Culture media for the differentiation of isolates of Yersinia ruckeri, based on detection of a virulence factor. J Appl Bacteriol 1993; 74:360-6. [PMID: 8486541 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb05139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Strains of the bacterial fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri were identified with the API 20E system and distinguished on the basis of whole cell agglutination with antisera, sorbitol fermentation and polymyxin B sensitivity. Strains which were shown to possess the virulence-associated heat-sensitive factor (HSF) were shown to grow preferentially on culture media containing sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and to produce a creamy deposit around the colonies. By contrast, strains lacking this factor (HSF-) grew poorly and without forming a deposit. Enhancement of the differentiation between the two types was shown by the incorporation of Coomassie brilliant blue dye into agar containing 1% SDS, and the uptake of Coomassie blue and Congo red was shown to be temperature-dependent. Most strains tested were shown to belong to serotype I, and were sensitive to polymyxin and did not ferment sorbitol. With the medium developed most serotype I strains but not those of other serotypes were shown to possess HSF. It is suggested that the medium is used in epidemiological studies of Y. ruckeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Furones
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, UK
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11
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Box SJ, Coates NJ, Davis CJ, Gilpin ML, Houge-Frydrych CS, Milner PH. MM 55266 and MM 55268, glycopeptide antibiotics produced by a new strain of Amycolatopsis. Isolation, purification and structure determination. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1991; 44:807-13. [PMID: 1917694 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.44.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two novel glycopeptide antibiotics MM 55266 and MM 55268 containing fatty acid acyl functions, and of molecular formula C86H89N8O35Cl5 and C87H91N8O35Cl5, respectively, have been isolated and identified from a complex produced by Amycolatopsis sp. NCIB 40089. Fermentation conditions for their production, and methods for their isolation are described. Structures have been deduced by use of COSY and NOE NMR techniques and supported by chemical degradation studies. Both glycopeptides possessed good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Box
- SmithKline Beeham Pharmaceuticals, Chemotherapeutic Research Centre, Betchworth, Surrey, UK
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12
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Evenden AJ, Gilpin ML, Munn CB. The cloning and expression of a gene encoding haemolytic activity from the fish pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1990; 59:31-4. [PMID: 2276613 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1097(90)90028-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene encoding haemolytic activity from Renibacterium salmoninarum (strain PPD) was cloned into Escherichia coli using the cosmid vector pHC79, and subsequently subcloned on a 1.6 kbp SAlI fragment into pBR328. Southern blot hybridisation revealed that a homologous sequence is found in other strains of R. salmoninarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Evenden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Polytechnic South West, Plymouth, U.K
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13
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Russell RR, Gilpin ML, Hanada N, Yamashita Y, Shibata Y, Takehara T. Characterization of the product of the gtfS gene of Streptococcus downei, a primer-independent enzyme synthesizing oligo-isomaltosaccharides. J Gen Microbiol 1990; 136:1631-7. [PMID: 2148181 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-136-8-1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The gtfS gene, coding for a glucosyltransferase which synthesizes water-soluble glucan and previously cloned from Streptococcus downei strain MFe28 (mutans serotype h) into a bacteriophage vector, was subcloned into a plasmid vector. The gtfS gene products expressed in Escherichia coli were compared to the primer-independent, oligo-isomaltosaccharide synthase in Streptococcus sobrinus strain AHT (mutans serotype g) and shown to resemble it closely in molecular mass, isoelectric point, immunological properties, optimum pH and Km values. The glucans produced from sucrose by the gtfS gene products are alpha-1,6-linked linear oligo-isomaltosaccharides without any branching sites. A similar gtfS gene was also detected on chromosomal DNA from S. sobrinus strain AHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Russell
- Hunterian Dental Research Unit, London Hospital Medical College, UK
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14
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Box SJ, Elson AL, Gilpin ML, Winstanley DJ. MM 47761 and MM 49721, glycopeptide antibiotics produced by a new strain of Amycolatopsis orientalis. Isolation, purification and structure determination. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1990; 43:931-7. [PMID: 2120168 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.43.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Two glycopeptide antibiotics MM 47761 and MM 47921 have been isolated from Amycolatopsis orientalis NCIB 12608. Fermentation conditions for their production, and methods for their isolation are described. The metabolites have been characterised by physio-chemical and biological properties and the structure determined by a combination of chemical degradation, COSY and NOE NMR studies. Both metabolites showed good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Box
- Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Chemotherapeutic Research Centre, Betchworth, Surrey, UK
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15
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Aduse-Opoku J, Gilpin ML, Russell RR. Genetic and antigenic comparison of Streptococcus mutans fructosyltransferase and glucan-binding protein. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1989; 50:279-82. [PMID: 2668110 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1097(89)90432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The genes for fructosyltransferase (ftf) and glucan-binding protein (gbp) of Streptococcus mutans strain Ingbritt have been cloned in E. coli using bacteriophage and plasmid vectors. A single ftf gene appears to be responsible for the appearance of several FTF of different electrophoretic mobilities. Despite the fact that both ftf and gbp proteins synthesise fructans from sucrose in S. mutans and shown closely similar electrophoretic mobilities and isoelectric points, the restriction maps of the two genes are distinct, their DNAs do not hybridise and there is no immunological cross-reaction between the two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aduse-Opoku
- Dental Research Unit, Hunterian Institute, Royal College of Surgeons of England, Downe, U.K
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Gilpin
- Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Chemotherapeutic Research Centre, Betchworth, Surrey, UK
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Gilpin ML, Box SJ, Elson AL. New quinone antibiotics of the granaticin type, isolated from Streptomyces lateritius. II. Structure determination. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1988; 41:512-8. [PMID: 3372358 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.41.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A number of new granaticin type quinone antibiotics have been isolated from Streptomyces lateritus ATCC 19913. Spectroscopic evidence is presented which has led to the structure elucidation of three new antibiotics and the chemical relationship between members of the granaticin series has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Gilpin
- Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Chemotherapeutic Research Centre, Betchworth, Surrey, UK
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18
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Elson AL, Box SJ, Gilpin ML. New quinone antibiotics of the granaticin type, isolated from Streptomyces lateritius. I. Production, isolation and properties. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1988; 41:570-2. [PMID: 3372363 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.41.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A L Elson
- Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Chemotherapeutic Research Centre, Surrey, UK
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Box SJ, Brown AG, Gilpin ML, Gwynn MN, Spear SR. MM 42842, a new member of the monobactam family produced by Pseudomonas cocovenenans. II. Production, isolation and properties of MM 42842. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1988; 41:7-12. [PMID: 3346195 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.41.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A new member of the monobactam family of beta-lactam antibiotics, designated MM 42842, has been detected in a culture of Pseudomonas cocovenenans. The production, isolation and some properties of the antibiotic are described. Structural studies show MM 42842 to be closely related to the previously described antibiotic sulfazecin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Box
- Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Chemotherapeutic Research Centre, Betchworth, Surrey, UK
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20
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Gwynn MN, Box SJ, Brown AG, Gilpin ML. MM 42842, a new member of the monobactam family produced by Pseudomonas cocovenenans. I. Identification of the producing organism. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1988; 41:1-6. [PMID: 3346181 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.41.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A bacterial soil isolate designated 326-32B produces a new member of the monobactam series of antibiotics, MM 42842, and the bulgecins. Identification studies show isolate 326-32B to be a strain of Pseudomonas cocoveneans which is a species previously noted for the production of toxoflavin. A description of P. cocovenenans does not appear to have been previously published and the identify of strain 326-32B was established by means of a direct comparison with the deposited organism P. cocovenenans NCIB 9450. The properties of strain 326-32B, and P. cocovenenans NCIB 9450 were compared with those of the monobactam and bulgecin producing organisms Pseudomonas acidophila ATCC 31363 and Pseudomonas mesoacidophila ATCC 31433. The four organisms were found to share certain properties, including the ability to grow at pH 4.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Gwynn
- Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Chemotherapeutic Research Centre, Betchworth, Surrey, UK
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21
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Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence was determined for the Streptococcus sobrinus MFe28 gtfI gene, which encodes a glucosyltransferase that produces an insoluble glucan product. A single open reading frame encodes a mature glucosyltransferase protein of 1,559 amino acids (Mr, 172,983) and a signal peptide of 38 amino acids. In the C-terminal one-third of the protein there are six repeating units containing 35 amino acids of partial homology and two repeating units containing 48 amino acids of complete homology. The functional role of these repeating units remains to be determined, although truncated forms of glucosyltransferase containing only the first two repeating units of partial homology maintained glucosyltransferase activity and the ability to bind glucan. Regions of homology with alpha-amylase and glycogen phosphorylase were identified in the glucosyltransferase protein and may represent regions involved in functionally similar domains.
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Russell RR, Gilpin ML, Mukasa H, Dougan G. Characterization of glucosyltransferase expressed from a Streptococcus sobrinus gene cloned in Escherichia coli. J Gen Microbiol 1987; 133:935-44. [PMID: 2958599 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-133-4-935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The gene encoding a glucosyltransferase which synthesized water-insoluble glucan, gtfI, previously cloned from Streptococcus sobrinus strain MFe28 (mutans serotype h) into a bacteriophage lambda vector, was subcloned into the plasmid pBR322. The recombinant plasmid was stable in Escherichia coli and gtfI was efficiently expressed. The GTF-I expressed in E. coli was compared to the corresponding enzymes in S. sobrinus strains MFe28 (serotype h), B13 (serotype d) and 6715 (serotype g) and shown to resemble them closely in molecular mass and isoelectric point. The insoluble glucan produced by GTF-I from recombinant E. coli consisted of 1,3-alpha-D-glycosyl residues (approximately 90%). An internal fragment of the gtfI gene was used as a probe in hybridization experiments to demonstrate the presence of homologous sequences in chromosomal DNA of other streptococci of the mutans group.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Russell
- Dental Research Unit, Royal College of Surgeons of England, Kent, UK
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Abstract
Chromosomal DNA from Streptococcus mutans strain MFe28 (serotype h) was cloned in the bacteriophage vector lambda L47.1. Two classes of recombinants were found which expressed glucosyltransferase activity in phage plaques: (i) gtfS, which expressed a glucosyltransferase synthesizing a water-soluble, dextranase-sensitive glucan, and (ii) gtfI, which expressed a primer-dependent glucosyltransferase synthesizing an insoluble glucan.
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G. Brown A, D. Hood J, Elson A, L. Gilpin M. 7a-Hydroxycephalosporin C, an Intermediate in the Methoxylation of Cephalosporin C by a Cell-Free Extract of S. Clavuligerus. HETEROCYCLES 1984. [DOI: 10.3987/s-1984-02-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Box SJ, Gilpin ML, Gwynn M, Hanscomb G, Spear SR, Brown AG. MM 14201, a new epoxyquinone derivative with antibacterial activity produced by a species of Streptomyces. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1983; 36:1631-7. [PMID: 6363372 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.36.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A new antibiotic designated MM 14201 has been detected in a culture of Streptomyces sp. NCIB 11813. Methods for the production and purification of MM 14201 are described. Biological evaluation has shown it has broad spectrum antibacterial activity being most effective against Serratia and Pseudomonas sp. Structural studies are reported which have demonstrated MM 14201 is a new epoxyquinone derivative.
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