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Bin Saif G, Alsheikh OA, Alkhudhayri N, Alzomia SF, Alabdulkareem SM, Alalwan TA, Aljebreen JA, Alabdulkareem AM. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Skin Care Among Elderly Patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e43921. [PMID: 37746446 PMCID: PMC10512873 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As people age, the likelihood that they will experience maladies of the skin increases. It is therefore important that older individuals possess the necessary knowledge and proper attitudes and practices regarding their skincare. The purpose of this study was to examine such knowledge, attitudes, and practices among older members of the Saudi Arabian population. The results of the study showed that among the majority of the participants, skincare practices could be considered insufficient and, surprisingly, elderly men undertake better skincare practices than women of this age category. It is recommended that more should be done to educate those within the older Saudi population regarding skin care practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Bin Saif
- Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Omar A Alsheikh
- Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Nawaf Alkhudhayri
- Anesthesiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | | | - Tareq A Alalwan
- Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Joud A Aljebreen
- Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
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Papaccio F, D′Arino A, Caputo S, Bellei B. Focus on the Contribution of Oxidative Stress in Skin Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1121. [PMID: 35740018 PMCID: PMC9220264 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is one of the most evident signs of human aging. Modification of the skin during the life span is characterized by fine lines and wrinkling, loss of elasticity and volume, laxity, rough-textured appearance, and pallor. In contrast, photoaged skin is associated with uneven pigmentation (age spot) and is markedly wrinkled. At the cellular and molecular level, it consists of multiple interconnected processes based on biochemical reactions, genetic programs, and occurrence of external stimulation. The principal cellular perturbation in the skin driving senescence is the alteration of oxidative balance. In chronological aging, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced mainly through cellular oxidative metabolism during adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation from glucose and mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas in extrinsic aging, loss of redox equilibrium is caused by environmental factors, such as ultraviolet radiation, pollution, cigarette smoking, and inadequate nutrition. During the aging process, oxidative stress is attributed to both augmented ROS production and reduced levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic protectors. Apart from the evident appearance of structural change, throughout aging, the skin gradually loses its natural functional characteristics and regenerative potential. With aging, the skin immune system also undergoes functional senescence manifested as a reduced ability to counteract infections and augmented frequency of autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. This review proposes an update on the role of oxidative stress in the appearance of the clinical manifestation of skin aging, as well as of the molecular mechanisms that underline this natural phenomenon sometimes accelerated by external factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (S.C.)
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Abstract
Dermatologists must be familiar with the peculiarities of the micro-organisms that may affect the elderly, in order to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of infections, which may affect their skin, especially because the world population is rapidly aging. It is estimated that there will be 434 million individuals over 80 years of age in 2050. Since the elderly population is rapidly increasing and their infections are usually more severe and different from those observed in younger adults, it leads to a statistical increase of the rates regarding hospitalization and mortality caused by infectious diseases among people over 85 years. Other health issues may be involved in the older population. These include nutritional alterations, as malnutrition or obesity, which can aggravate the infections. Also the usual signs and symptoms of infection are subtle or uncharacteristic in elderly patients, and frequently, they are unable to report their symptoms, which can delay the diagnosis. Among the many infections that may affect the elderly we reviewed the most frequent and those that are different in this age group, as herpes zoster, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, bacterial skin infections, erysipelas, celullitis, impetigo, folliculitis, furunculosis and carbunculosis, secondary infections, intertrigo (body folds), fungal infection, and scabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Ribeiro de Castro
- Sector of Dermatology and Post-Graduation Course in Dermatology, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Ramos-E-Silva
- Sector of Dermatology and Post-Graduation Course in Dermatology, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Yamaguchi H. Potential of Ravuconazole and its Prodrugs as the New OralTherapeutics for Onychomycosis. Med Mycol J 2017; 57:E93-E110. [PMID: 27904057 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.16-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail apparatus caused by dermatophytes, Candida and non-dermatophytic molds. It is highly prevalent in the general population worldwide and also responsible for significant morbidity and complications and does not usually cure itself. Thus, the condition needs to be treated in view of physical and psychological problems produced. Currently, oral medications using terbinafine are the most effective therapy, but it has relatively limited therapeutic success, particularly for long-term management. Such existing oral therapies are associated with high recurrence rates and treatment failure, as well as with potential adverse events and drug-drug interactions. In the light of these issues, development of more efficacious and safer alternatives for the treatment of onychomycosis is warranted.Ravuconazole and its prodrugs are promising new drug candidates for oral therapy of onychomycosis, among which a water-soluble prodrug, mono-lysine phosphoester derivative (E1224 or BFE1224) is in the most advanced stage of clinical development; a Phase II dose-finding study has been successfully completed and Phase III comparative studies are in progress in Japan.This review aims to summarize our current status of knowledge and information on ravuconazole and its prodrugs, particularly BFE1224, as the potential oral treatment option for onychomycosis. It also summarize the clinical features of onychomycosis with particular stress on its etiology, epidemiology, and current therapeutic options and their limitations. Given its clinical usefulness, BFE1224 may become a valuable addition to the current armamentarium for the treatment of onychomycosis.
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Makrantonaki E, Liakou A, Eckardt R, Zens M, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Zouboulis C. Hauterkrankungen beim geriatrischen Patienten. Hautarzt 2012; 63:938-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-012-2466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Shen S, Kelly RI. Pharmacotherapy for Skin Disorders in Older People. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2055-2335.2012.tb00155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rao S, Banerjee S, Ghosh SK, Gangopadhyay DN, Jana S, Mridha K. Study of nail changes and nail disorders in the elderly. Indian J Dermatol 2011; 56:603-6. [PMID: 22121296 PMCID: PMC3221241 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.87174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Rao
- Department of Dermatology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India. E-mail:
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Rao S, Banerjee S, Ghosh SK, Gangopadhyay DN, Jana S, Mridha K. Nail changes and nail disorders in the elderly. Indian J Dermatol 2010; 55:301-4. [PMID: 21063536 PMCID: PMC2965930 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.70695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Rao
- Department of Dermatology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India. E-mail:
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Abstract
Many functional, demographic, and immunologic changes associated with aging are responsible for increasing the incidence and severity of infectious diseases in the elderly. Management is complicated by age-related organ system changes. Because many of the elderly are on multiple medications for underlying illnesses, antimicrobial therapy needs to be chosen keeping drug interactions and adverse events in mind. Common infections seen in the elderly are infections of skin and soft tissue, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. Organized and well-funded programs to address infectious disease issues in the elderly are the only way to improve care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Han Htwe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Post Box 19636, Springfield, IL 62794-9636, USA
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Anane S, Chtourou O, Chedi A, Triki S, Belhaj S, Kaouech E, Kallel K, Chaker E. Onychomycoses chez les sujets âgés. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2007; 134:743-7. [DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(07)92529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
As life expectancy continues to rise, the number of geriatric patients will increase and the percentages of geriatric patients seen in the emergency department will reflect those numbers. Emergency physicians are responsible for making immediate diagnoses and initiating expeditious treatment. Infectious diseases in the elderly are more prevalent, challenging to diagnose, and are associated with greater morbidity and mortality than with the younger patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyinka Adedipe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, 1 Boston Medical Center Place, Dowling 1 South, Boston, MA 02188, USA
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