Adverse reactions to cosmetic ingredients

TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of cosmetics on the ocular surface

In this report the use of eye cosmetic products and procedures and how this represents a lifestyle challenge that may exacerbate or promote the development of ocular surface and adnexal disease is discussed. Multiple aspects of eye cosmetics are addressed, including their history and market value, psychological and social impacts, possible problems associated with cosmetic ingredients, products, and procedures, and regulations for eye cosmetic use. In addition, a systematic review that critically appraises randomized controlled trial evidence concerning the ocular effects of eyelash growth products is included. The findings of this systematic review highlight the evidence gaps and indicate future directions for research to focus on ocular surface outcomes associated with eyelash growth products.

Contact dermatitis associated with a cosmetic cream

Cosmetic contact dermatitis (CCD) is a very common cosmetic adverse reaction. We reported a case of a 39-year-old woman who developed diffuse erythema, papules and intense itching on her chest after applying a brand of breast enhancement cream. After antihistamines and anti-inflammatory symptomatic treatment, the symptoms improved. During the follow-up, the patient was patch tested with a cosmetic series and the cosmetic product, and the results were positive. According to the medical history and signs, the diagnosis of cosmetic contact dermatitis was confirmed. It is suggested that in addition to common skin care products, the safety of other functional products should also be concerned.

Cosmetovigilance in a tertiary care hospital: A prospective observational study

BACKGROUND

Cosmetovigilance is a term used for the activities related to the collection, evaluation, and monitoring of reporting of undesirable events observed during or after normal or reasonably foreseeable use of a cosmetic product.

AIM

The study was conducted to assess the adverse cosmetic events from a tertiary care hospital.

PATIENTS/METHODS

The patients visiting the study site was reviewed and those who met the study criteria are enrolled in the study after administration of the informed consent. Study participants were followed on regular intervals either telephonically or hospital visits in order to determine the outcome. The causality assessment of the reported event was performed using Colipa and PLM method.

RESULTS

During the study period 22,893 patients visited the dermatology department, in which 87 subjects were enrolled in the study. The incidence of adverse cosmetic event was 0.38%. Hair care products caused more events than body care products. In 73.56% of cases, the suspected cosmetic was withdrawn and all the study population received symptomatic treatment for the adverse events. Causality assessment of Using Colipa method, categorized 49.43% events as likely and using PLM method, 64.37% events were probable. Study couldn't identify any predictors of adverse cosmetic events. Median cost associated with the management of ACRs for hair care products and body care products were 716.62 (IQR: 1011.36-470) and 557.4 (IQR: 711.63-373.8).

CONCLUSION

The study suggest need for approaches such as awareness programs among the cosmetic sellers, consumers and other stakeholders on cosmetovigilance needs to be developed and implemented.

An insight into toxicity and human-health-related adverse consequences of cosmeceuticals - A review

In recent years, the use of cosmeceutical-based personal care and beauty products has ever increased, around the world. Currently, an increasing number of compounds are being assimilated in the formulation of cosmetic products as preservatives, fragrances, surfactants, etc. to intensify the performance, quality, value, and lifespan of cosmetics. Nevertheless, many of these chemical additives pose toxic effects to the human body, exhibiting health risks from a mild hypersensitivity to life-threatening anaphylaxis or lethal intoxication. Therefore, the indiscriminate application of cosmeceuticals has recently become a mounting issue confronting public health. The present review focuses on exposure to a large variety of toxic substances used in cosmetic formulations such as 1,4-dioxane formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, benzalkonium chloride, imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, trace heavy metals, parabens derivatives, phthalates, isothiazolinone derivatives (methylchloroiso-thiazolinone, and methylisothiazolinone), methyldibromo glutaronitrile, and phenoxy-ethanol. The biological risks related to these substances that they can pose to human health in terms of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, neurotoxicity oestrogenicity or others are also discussed. Researchers from academia, consultancy firms, governmental organizations, and cosmetic companies should carry out further progress to keep updating the consumers regarding the dark-sides, and health-related harmful apprehensions of cosmetics. In addition, the industry-motivated initiatives to abate environmental impact through green, sustainable and eco-friendly product development grasp significant perspective.

Contact dermatitis: a practice parameter-update 2015

This parameter was developed by the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters, which represents the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI); the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI); and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. The AAAAI and the ACAAI have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing "Contact Dermatitis: A Practice Parameter-Update 2015." This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is changing and not all recommendations will be appropriate or applicable to all patients. Because this document incorporated the efforts of many participants, no single individual, including members serving on the Joint Task Force, are authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information or interpretation of this practice parameter by the AAAAI or ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, the ACAAI, and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. These parameters are not designed for use by the pharmaceutical industry in drug development or promotion. Previously published practice parameters of the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters for Allergy & Immunology are available at http://www.JCAAI.org or http://www.allergyparameters.org.

Comparison of Marketed Cosmetic Products Constituents with the Antigens Included in Cosmetic-related Patch Test

BACKGROUND

Currently, cosmetic series (Chemotechnique Diagnostics, Sweden) is the most widely used cosmetic-related patch test in Korea. However, no studies have been conducted on how accurately it reflects the constituents of the cosmetics in Korea.

OBJECTIVE

We surveyed the constituents of various cosmetics and compare with the cosmetic series, to investigate whether it is accurate in determining allergic contact dermatitis caused by cosmetics sold in Korea.

METHODS

Cosmetics were classified into 11 categories and the survey was conducted on the constituents of 55 cosmetics, with 5 cosmetics in each category. The surveyed constituents were classified by chemical function and compared with the antigens of cosmetic series.

RESULTS

155 constituents were found in 55 cosmetics, and 74 (47.7%) of constituents were included as antigen. Among them, only 20 constituents (27.0%) were included in cosmetic series. A significant number of constituents, such as fragrance, vehicle and surfactant were not included. Only 41.7% of antigens in cosmetic series were found to be in the cosmetics sampled.

CONCLUSION

The constituents not included in the patch test but possess antigenicity are widely used in cosmetics. Therefore, the patch test should be modified to reflect ingredients in the marketed products that may stimulate allergies.

Ocular Effects of Cosmetic Products and Procedures

Cosmetic products and procedures can produce adverse effects on the ocular surface, ranging from mild discomfort to vision-threatening conditions. Complications of skin and eye products can be related to allergy or toxicity, often attributable to perfumes. Complications of blepharoplasty may be associated with overcorrection, scarring, or uneven contour of the lid margins, conditions that can cause significant ocular surface disease until they are corrected. Ocular surface effects of botulinum toxin injection include dry eye syndromes and also epiphora. More serious complications occur (rarely) and are dose- and location-related. Adverse effects of micropigmentation procedures involve pathological processes or, simply, poor cosmetic results. In certain youth cultures, special-effect contact lenses and even decorative conjunctival implants have gained popularity, presenting a wide variety of dangers, often attributable to poor education about care and hygiene.

Sunscreen Allergy: A Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Responsible Allergens

Although allergy to sunscreen represents a small proportion (< 1%) of allergic contact dermatitis reactions in North America, it is one of the most common causes of photoallergy. The epidemiology and clinical characteristics of sunscreen allergy are summarized in this review. In addition, a detailed discussion of specific chemical sunscreen allergens is provided.

An earlier age of breast cancer diagnosis related to more frequent use of antiperspirants/deodorants and underarm shaving

Breast cancer incidence suggests a lifestyle cause. A lifestyle factor used near the breast is the application of antiperspirants/deodorants accompanied by axillary shaving. A previous study did not support a link with breast cancer. If these habits have a role in breast cancer development, women using antiperspirants/deodorants and shaving their underarms frequently would be expected to have an earlier age of diagnosis than those doing so less often. An earlier age of diagnosis would also be expected in those starting to use deodorants and shaving at an earlier age. This is the first study to investigate the intensity of underarm exposure in a cohort of breast cancer survivors. Four hundred and thirty-seven females diagnosed with breast cancer were surveyed. Once grouped by their frequency of underarm hygiene habits, the mean age of diagnosis was the primary end point. Secondary end points included the overall frequency of these habits, and potential usage group confounding variables were evaluated. All statistical tests were two-sided. Frequency and earlier onset of antiperspirant/deodorant usage with underarm shaving were associated with an earlier age of breast cancer diagnosis. Combined habits are likely for this earlier age of diagnosis. In conclusion, underarm shaving with antiperspirant/deodorant use may play a role in breast cancer. It is not clear which of these components are involved. Reviewed literature insinuates absorption of aluminium salts facilitated by dermal barrier disruption. Case-controlled investigations are needed before alternative underarm hygiene habits are suggested.

Healthy skin for women: a review of common conditions and therapies

OBJECTIVE

To review common dermatologic conditions that may be of particular concern to women throughout their lives, including acne, contact dermatitis, skin conditions of pregnancy, dry skin, and sun-related skin damage.

DATA SOURCES

Articles identified through a search of MEDLINE and pharmacology and dermatology textbooks using the terms women, dermatology, skin, acne, skin cancer, sunscreens, pregnancy, melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, dermatitis, cosmetic dermatitis, dry skin (xerosis), actinic keratosis, oral contraceptives, and striae. Additional references were identified from the bibliographies of retrieved articles and book chapters.

DATA SYNTHESIS

A number of skin conditions may be of particular concern to women throughout their lives. Acne, which may be particularly troublesome during the teenage years and young adulthood, and skin conditions that are common during pregnancy may be influenced by hormonal changes that occur at different life stages. Skin conditions that are influenced by the environment include contact dermatitis, dry skin, and sun-related skin damage, including actinic keratosis, carcinoma, and melanoma. Many of these conditions are amenable to nonpharmacologic therapy and over-the-counter treatments, whereas others require prescription pharmacotherapy. Pharmacists are in an ideal position to advise women about the appropriate management of these conditions and to identify lesions that require additional assessment.

CONCLUSION

Pharmacists can make valuable contributions to patients' self-care of the skin by recommending products, educating patients about skin health, and counseling patients about prescription medications. Gaining a greater understanding of skin conditions that are of particular concern to women can prepare pharmacists to make these contributions.