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Association of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio with the long-term outcome after hospital discharge in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort study. Coron Artery Dis 2021; 31:248-254. [PMID: 31658149 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), a novel systemic inflammatory factor, correlates with adverse outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, data are limited regarding the prognostic value of LMR in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after hospital discharge. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of admission LMR in hospital survivors of STEMI. METHODS This retrospective observational study enrolled 1369 STEMI patients between 2014 and 2017. The study population was divided into three groups according to tertiles (T) of LMR (T1: ≥2.84; T2: 1.85-2.83; T3: <1.85). The primary outcomes were long-term outcomes after discharge including major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and all-cause mortality. The associations between LMR and long-term outcomes were assessed using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS The median follow-up period was 556 days (interquartile range, 342-864 days). Independent correlations were observed between LMR and both long-term MACE and all-cause mortality. For long-term MACE, the T3 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-2.70; P = 0.013) and T2 groups (adjusted HR, 1.65; CI: 1.07-2.54; P = 0.024) showed significantly higher risk of MACE than did the T1 group. For long-term all-cause mortality, the adjusted HR was 3.07 (CI: 1.10-8.54; P = 0.032) in the T3 group and 2.35 (CI: 0.82-6.76; P = 0.112) in the T2 group compared with that of the T1 group. CONCLUSION Decreased admission LMR was independently associated with long-term all-cause mortality and MACE after discharge in patients with STEMI.
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Deng X, Wang X, Shen L, Yao K, Ge L, Ma J, Zhang F, Qian J, Ge J. Association of eosinophil-to-monocyte ratio with 1-month and long-term all-cause mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:5449-5458. [PMID: 30416794 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.09.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background To determine the relationship between eosinophil-to-monocyte ratio (EMR) on admission and one-month and long-term all-cause mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (P-PCI). Methods A total of 426 consecutive STEMI patients treated with P-PCI were enrolled and categorized in terms of tertiles of EMR on admission between September 2015 and October 2017. Final follow-up for long-term outcomes was January 2017. Results As EMR decreased, all-cause mortality at 1 month (mean, 29.5±3.5 days) and at mean 14.1±7.8 months follow-up increased (P=0.012, P=0.003, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed EMR was associated with 1-month and long-term all-cause mortality (P=0.048, P=0.015, respectively). In multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, EMR was independently associated with one-month and long-term mortality (hazard ratio =0.097; 95% CI, 0.010-0.899; P=0.04; hazard ration =0.176; 95% CI, 0.045-0.694; P=0.013). The area under the curve of EMR for the prediction of 1-month and long-term total mortality in receiver operating characteristic analysis was 0.789 (95% CI, 0.658-0.921; P=0.003) and 0.752 (95% CI, 0.619-0.884; P=0.001), respectively. Conclusions EMR on admission was independently correlated with 1-month and long-term all-cause mortality in STEMI patients undergoing P-PCI, suggesting EMR as a potential simple, useful, and inexpensive index for risk stratification of STEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianying Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Lynch DT, Hall J, Foucar K. How I investigate monocytosis. Int J Lab Hematol 2018; 40:107-114. [PMID: 29345409 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monocytosis is a common finding that is caused by a wide variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions. The adequate evaluation of monocytosis involves the integration of laboratory data, morphology, clinical findings, and the judicious use of ancillary studies. We review the literature on monocytosis, including the 2017 revised 4th edition of the World Health Organization classification of hematopoietic neoplasms. We present a review of monocytosis with practical guidelines on how to approach both routine and challenging cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Lynch
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Hall
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - K Foucar
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Oksuz F, Elcik D, Yarlioglues M, Duran M, Ozturk S, Celik IE, Kurtul A, Kilic A, Murat SN. The relationship between lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio and saphenous vein graft patency in patients with coronary artery bypass graft. Biomark Med 2017; 11:867-876. [PMID: 28976779 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM A lower lymphocyte count and a high monocyte count give important clues about the prognosis of various cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized that lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) was associated with the saphenous vein graft disease (SVGD) in patients with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). PATIENTS & METHODS A total of 218 patients with previous history of CABG surgery, who underwent coronary angiography due to stable angina symptoms, were investigated, retrospectively. RESULTS LMR levels were significantly lower in the SVGD group. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that LMR levels were independent predictors of SVGD (OR: 0.648; 95% CI: 0.469-0.894; p = 0.008). CONCLUSION Our results suggested that LMR levels may provide useful information for the relevant risk evaluation of SVGD in CABG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Oksuz
- Ankara Education & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Elcik
- Ankara Education & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mikail Yarlioglues
- Ankara Education & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Duran
- Ankara Education & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Ozturk
- Ankara Education & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Etem Celik
- Ankara Education & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Kurtul
- Ankara Education & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Kilic
- Ankara Education & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sani Namik Murat
- Ankara Education & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
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Wang Q, Ma J, Jiang Z, Wu F, Ping J, Ming L. Association of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio with in-hospital and long-term major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events in patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7897. [PMID: 28834908 PMCID: PMC5572030 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) has become a novel indirect marker of inflammation, which has been demonstrated to be associated with poor prognosis of oncology and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between LMR on admission and in-hospital and long-term major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).A total of 306 STEMI patients were enrolled and grouped according to tertiles of LMR from the blood samples obtained in the emergency room on admission. Total white blood cell count, differential count of neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and other factors were evaluated.The median follow-up period was 21 months (1-36 months). As the LMR decreased, in-hospital nonfatal myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality increased (P = .002, P = .009, respectively). And long-term stroke/TIA, TVR, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular mortality also increased with decreasing LMR (P = .012, P = .001, P = .003, P = .002, respectively). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of LMR for predicting MACCE showed the sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 78% and the optimal cut-off value was determined as 2.62. In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for confounders, LMR was an independent predictor of in-hospital and long-term MACCE (odds ratio [OR] 1.192 [1.069-1.315] P < .001, OR 1.239 [1.125-1.347] P < .001, respectively).The LMR is an independent predictor of in-hospital and long-term MACCE in patients with STEMI after primary PCI. Our results suggest that this simple, inexpensive, relatively available inflammatory marker may have significant effects on the treatment and prognosis in patients with STEMI.
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Association of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio with the no-reflow phenomenon in patients who underwent a primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Coron Artery Dis 2015; 26:706-12. [DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jaipersad AS, Shantsila E, Blann A, Lip GYH. The effect of statin therapy withdrawal on monocyte subsets. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:1307-13. [PMID: 24134608 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three functionally distinct monocyte subsets have been identified. Statins are of undoubted effect in atherosclerosis and have numerous pleiotropic effects that contribute to their clinical success, but the effect of these drugs on monocyte subsets is unclear. We hypothesised a beneficial effect of statins on key receptor expression by monocyte subsets. MATERIAL AND METHODS Effects of temporal (2 weeks) cessation of statin therapy by 66 patients with stable coronary artery disease on monocyte subsets [CD14++CD16-CCR2+ (Mon1), CD14++CD16+CCR2+ (Mon2) and CD14+CD16++CCR2- (Mon3)], their aggregates with platelets and their expression of a number of receptors involved in inflammation (IL-6 receptor), adhesion [vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)], angiogenesis [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and repair were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Statin cessation did not lead to any significant changes in absolute numbers of monocyte subsets or the degree of their aggregation with platelets. All monocyte subsets showed significant downregulation of expression of vascular endothelial factor receptor 2, Tie2 and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4; all changes P < 0·01). Expression of CXCR4 was only reduced in Mon1 cells (P = 0·013). There was no significant change in the expression of CD14, CD16, CCR4, IL6 receptor and VCAM (all P = NS). CONCLUSIONS Statin withdrawal does not affect counts of any of monocyte subsets, but leads to downregulation of expression of TLR4 and receptors related to angiogenesis on all subsets, as well as a decrease in density of CXCR4 expression on 'classical' Mon1. These data provide further support of pleiotropic effects of statins and their effects on monocyte pro-angiogenic and proreparative characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Jaipersad
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Frantz S, Hofmann U, Fraccarollo D, Schäfer A, Kranepuhl S, Hagedorn I, Nieswandt B, Nahrendorf M, Wagner H, Bayer B, Pachel C, Schön MP, Kneitz S, Bobinger T, Weidemann F, Ertl G, Bauersachs J. Monocytes/macrophages prevent healing defects and left ventricular thrombus formation after myocardial infarction. FASEB J 2012; 27:871-81. [PMID: 23159933 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-214049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to rapid necrosis of cardiac myocytes. To achieve tissue integrity and function, inflammatory cells are activated, including monocytes/macrophages. However, the effect of monocyte/macrophage recruitment after MI remains poorly defined. After experimental MI, monocytes and macrophages were depleted through serial injections of clodronate-containing liposomes. Monocyte/macrophage infiltration was reduced in the myocardium after MI by active treatment. Mortality was increased due to thromboembolic events in monocyte- and macrophage-depleted animals (92 vs. 33%; P<0.01). Left ventricular thrombi were detectable as early as 24 h after MI; this was reproduced in a genetic model of monocyte/macrophage ablation. A general prothrombotic state, increased infarct expansion, and deficient neovascularization were not observed. Severely compromised extracellular matrix remodeling (collagen I, placebo liposome vs. clodronate liposome, 2.4 ± 0.2 vs. 0.8 ± 0.2 arbitrary units; P<0.001) and locally lost integrity of the endocardium after MI are potential mechanisms. Patients with a left ventricular thrombus had a relative decrease of CD14CD16 monocyte/macrophage subsets in the peripheral blood after MI (no thrombus vs. thrombus, 14.2 ± 0.9 vs. 7.80 ± 0.4%; P<0.05). In summary, monocytes/macrophages are of central importance for healing after MI. Impaired monocyte/macrophage function appears to be an unrecognized new pathophysiological mechanism for left ventricular thrombus development after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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Tsujioka H, Imanishi T, Ikejima H, Kuroi A, Takarada S, Tanimoto T, Kitabata H, Okochi K, Arita Y, Ishibashi K, Komukai K, Kataiwa H, Nakamura N, Hirata K, Tanaka A, Akasaka T. Impact of heterogeneity of human peripheral blood monocyte subsets on myocardial salvage in patients with primary acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54:130-8. [PMID: 19573729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined whether distinct monocyte subsets contribute in specific ways to myocardial salvage in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that monocytes in human peripheral blood are heterogeneous. METHODS We studied 36 patients with primary AMI. Peripheral blood sampling was performed 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 12 days after AMI onset. Two monocyte subsets (CD14(+)CD16(-) and CD14(+)CD16(+)) were measured by flow cytometry. The extent of myocardial salvage 7 days after AMI was evaluated by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging as the difference between myocardium at risk (T2-weighted hyperintense lesion) and myocardial necrosis (delayed gadolinium enhancement). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging was also performed 6 months after AMI. RESULTS Circulating CD14(+)CD16(-) and CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes increased in AMI patients, peaking on days 3 and 5 after onset, respectively. Importantly, the peak levels of CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes, but not those of CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes, were significantly negatively associated with the extent of myocardial salvage. We also found that the peak levels of CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes, but not those of CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes, were negatively correlated with recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction 6 months after infarction. CONCLUSIONS The peak levels of CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes affect both the extent of myocardial salvage and the recovery of left ventricular function after AMI, indicating that the manipulation of monocyte heterogeneity could be a novel therapeutic target for salvaging ischemic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Tsujioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama, Japan
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Dragu R, Huri S, Zukermann R, Suleiman M, Mutlak D, Agmon Y, Kapeliovich M, Beyar R, Markiewicz W, Hammerman H, Aronson D. Predictive value of white blood cell subtypes for long-term outcome following myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 2008; 196:405-412. [PMID: 17173924 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevation of total white blood cells (WBC) count is associated with higher mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes. However, it is unknown which specific subset of leukocytes best correlates with increased risk of adverse outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively studied the predictive value of WBC subtypes for long-term outcome in 1037 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Total WBC, neutrophil, monocyte and lymphocyte counts, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) were obtained in each patient. The median duration of follow up was 23 months (range, 6-42 months). Analyzed separately, baseline total WBC (HR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5-3.3; P<0.0001), neutrophil (HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.8-4.1; P<0.0001) and monocyte (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3-2.8; P=0.001) counts in the upper quartile, and lymphocyte count in the lower quartile (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.3; P=0.03), were all independent predictors of mortality. Comparing nested models, adding other WBC data failed to improve model based on neutrophil count. In contrast, adding neutrophil count to the models based on total WBC (P=0.01), on monocyte count (P<0.0001) or on lymphocyte count (P<0.0001) improved the prediction of the models. Neutrophil count in the upper quartile (>or=9800 microL(-1)) remained a strong independent predictor of mortality after adjustment for left ventricular systolic function and for CRP (HR 2.2, 95% CI 1.6-3.0; P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Of all WBC subtypes, elevated neutrophil count best correlates with mortality in patients with AMI. Neutrophil count provides additive prognostic information when combined with CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dragu
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Medical Center and the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shafik Huri
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Medical Center and the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Robert Zukermann
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Medical Center and the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mahmoud Suleiman
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Medical Center and the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Diab Mutlak
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Medical Center and the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoram Agmon
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Medical Center and the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Kapeliovich
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Medical Center and the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rafael Beyar
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Medical Center and the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Walter Markiewicz
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Medical Center and the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Haim Hammerman
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Medical Center and the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Doron Aronson
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Medical Center and the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.
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Iwama H, Uemura S, Naya N, Imagawa KI, Takemoto Y, Asai O, Onoue K, Okayama S, Somekawa S, Kida Y, Takeda Y, Nakatani K, Takaoka M, Kawata H, Horii M, Nakajima T, Doi N, Saito Y. Cardiac expression of placental growth factor predicts the improvement of chronic phase left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47:1559-67. [PMID: 16630991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2004] [Revised: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 11/08/2005] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to investigate cardiac expression of placental growth factor (PlGF) and its clinical significance in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). BACKGROUND Placental growth factor is known to stimulate wound healing by activating mononuclear cells and inducing angiogenesis. The clinical significance of PlGF in AMI is not yet known. METHODS Fifty-five AMI patients and 43 control subjects participated in the study. Peripheral blood sampling was performed on days 1, 3, and 7 after AMI. Blood was also sampled from the coronary artery (CAos) and the coronary sinus (CS), before and after acute coronary recanalization. Cardiac expression of PlGF was analyzed in a mouse AMI model. RESULTS In AMI patients, peripheral plasma PlGF levels on day 3 were significantly higher than in control subjects. Plasma PlGF levels just after recanalization were significantly higher in the CS than the CAos, which indicates cardiac production and release of PlGF. Peripheral plasma levels of PlGF on day 3 were negatively correlated with the acute phase left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), positively correlated with both acute phase peak peripheral monocyte counts and chronic phase changes in LVEF. Placental growth factor messenger ribonucleic acid expression was 26.6-fold greater in a mouse AMI model than in sham-operated mice, and PlGF was expressed mainly in endothelial cells within the infarct region. CONCLUSIONS Placental growth factor is rapidly produced in infarct myocardium, especially by endothelial cells during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Placental growth factor might be over-expressed to compensate the acute ischemic damage, and appears to then act to improve LVEF during the chronic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Iwama
- First Department of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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