1
|
Friscia M, Abbate V, De Fazio GR, Sani L, Spinelli R, Troise S, Bonavolontà P, Committeri U, Califano L, Orabona GD. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) as a valid tool in orthognathic surgery to reduce post-operative pain and swelling: a prospective study. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 28:1287-1294. [PMID: 38698248 PMCID: PMC11330404 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-024-01256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE PEMF (pulsed electromagnetic fields) founds application in several medical fields to accelerate bone wounds healing and to reduce inflammation. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PEMF in reducing postoperative swelling and pain in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. METHODS A prospective observational monocentric study was conducted on a sample of 30 patients undergone to orthognathic surgery in Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of University of Naples Federico II. The patients who followed these inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study: age ≥ 18 years, Class III malocclusion, Surgical procedure of Le Fort I osteotomy + Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO), Written informed consent. Patients were divided into two groups: Group SD) postoperative standard treatment with medical therapy and cryotherapy, Group SD + PEMF) postoperative standard therapy + PEMF. Each patient underwent a 3D facial scan, at one (1d) and four (4d) days after surgery to compare the swelling reduction. The pain score was assessed through VAS score and analgesics administration amount. RESULTS In SD + PEMF group, the facial volume reduction between 1d and 4d scan was on average 56.2 ml (6.23%), while in SD group, it was 23.6 ml (2.63%). The difference between the two groups was 3.6% (p = 0.0168). VAS pain values were significantly higher in SD group compared to SD + PEMF group in the second day after surgery (P = 0.021) and in the total 4 days (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that PEMF is valid tool to promote faster postoperative swelling and pain reduction in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Friscia
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Gianluca Renato De Fazio
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sani
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Raffaele Spinelli
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Stefania Troise
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy.
| | - Paola Bonavolontà
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Umberto Committeri
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Luigi Califano
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dell'Aversana Orabona
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lama SBC, Pérez-González LA, Kosoglu MA, Dennis R, Ortega-Quijano D. Physical Treatments and Therapies for Androgenetic Alopecia. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4534. [PMID: 39124800 PMCID: PMC11313483 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia, the most common cause of hair loss affecting both men and women, is typically treated using pharmaceutical options, such as minoxidil and finasteride. While these medications work for many individuals, they are not suitable options for all. To date, the only non-pharmaceutical option that the United States Food and Drug Administration has cleared as a treatment for androgenetic alopecia is low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Numerous clinical trials utilizing LLLT devices of various types are available. However, a myriad of other physical treatments for this form of hair loss have been reported in the literature. This review evaluated the effectiveness of microneedling, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), fractional laser therapy, and nonablative laser therapy for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). It also explores the potential of multimodal treatments combining these physical therapies. The majority of evidence in the literature supports LLLT as a physical therapy for androgenetic alopecia. However, other physical treatments, such as nonablative laser treatments, and multimodal approaches, such as PEMF-LLLT, seem to have the potential to be equally or more promising and merit further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert Dennis
- Biomedical Engineering Departments, UNC Chapel Hill and NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Daniel Ortega-Quijano
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.P.-G.); (D.O.-Q.)
- Hair Disorders Unit, Grupo Pedro Jaén, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pasek J, Szajkowski S, Cieślar G. Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of magneto-LED therapy and magnetostimulation applied as the adjuvant treatment of venous leg ulcers - preliminary study. Electromagn Biol Med 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38449355 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2024.2325414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Venous leg ulcers are chronic wounds that are difficult to cure. The aim of the study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of two methods of physical medicine - magneto-LED therapy and magnetostimulation, applied as adjuvant treatment in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. METHODS The study included 81 patients, 37 male (45.6%) and 44 female (54.3%) ones, age range between 45 and 90 years, with venous leg ulcers. The patients were assigned to two study groups: magneto-LED therapy (group 1) or magnetostimulation (group 2). In both groups, a total of 40 daily procedures were performed. Wound healing was evaluated using computerized planimetry and the pain intensity on numeric rating scale. RESULTS After treatment, the decrease in healing rate in group 1 was statistically significantly higher in comparison to group 2 (p < 0.001), while a statistically significant reduction in the surface area of ulcers was obtained, amounting on the average from 6.34 ± 1.29 cm2 to 2.31 ± 1.25 cm2 in group 1 (p < 0.001), and from 6.52 ± 1.20 cm2 to 4.79 ± 1.17 cm2 in group 2 (p < 0.001). The percentage changes of ulcers area in group 1 (64.21 ± 17.94%) were statistically significantly greater as compared to group 2 (25.87 ± 14.07%) (p < 0.001). After treatment, the decrease in pain relief in group 1 was statistically significantly higher in comparison to group 2 (p = 0.006), while pain intensity after treatment decreased statistically significantly in both compared groups of patients (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Magneto-LED therapy and magnetostimulation caused significant reduction of surface area of the treated venous leg ulcers and pain intensity, yet magneto-LED therapy was more efficient. Both evaluated methods also significantly reduced pain intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Pasek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Sebastian Szajkowski
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Mazovia in Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Trofè A, Piras A, Muehsam D, Meoni A, Campa F, Toselli S, Raffi M. Effect of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) on Muscular Activation during Cycling: A Single-Blind Controlled Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060922. [PMID: 36981580 PMCID: PMC10048902 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE PEMF stimulation results in a higher O2 muscle supply during exercise through increased O2 release and uptake. Given the importance of oxygen uptake in sport activity, especially in aerobic disciplines such as cycling, we sought to investigate the influence of PEMF on muscle activity when subjects cycled at an intensity between low and severe. METHODS Twenty semi-professional cyclists performed a constant-load exercise with randomized active (ON) or inactive (OFF) PEMF stimulation. Each subject started the recording session with 1 min of cycling without load (warm-up), followed by an instantaneous increase in power, as the individualized workload (constant-load physical effort). PEMF loops were applied on the vastus medialis and biceps femoris of the right leg. We recorded the electromyographic activity from each muscle and measured blood lactate prior the exercise and during the constant-load physical effort. RESULTS PEMF stimulation caused a significant increase in muscle activity in the warm-up condition when subjects cycled without load (p < 0.001). The blood lactate concentration was higher during PEMF stimulation (p < 0.001), a possible consequence of PEMF's influence on glycolytic metabolism. CONCLUSION PEMF stimulation augmented the activity and the metabolism of muscular fibers during the execution of physical exercise. PEMF stimulation could be used to raise the amplitude of muscular responses to physical activity, especially during low-intensity exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Trofè
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piras
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - David Muehsam
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Meoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Campa
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Stefania Toselli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Milena Raffi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang T, Zhao Z, Wang T. Pulsed electromagnetic fields as a promising therapy for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1103515. [PMID: 36937753 PMCID: PMC10020513 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1103515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is considered the third type of osteoporosis and is accompanied by high morbidity and mortality. Long-term usage of glucocorticoids (GCs) causes worsened bone quality and low bone mass via their effects on bone cells. Currently, there are various clinical pharmacological treatments to regulate bone mass and skeletal health. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are applied to treat patients suffering from delayed fracture healing and non-unions. PEMFs may be considered a potential and side-effect-free therapy for GIOP. PEMFs inhibit osteoclastogenesis, stimulate osteoblastogenesis, and affect the activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteocytes and blood vessels, ultimately leading to the retention of bone mass and strength. However, the underlying signaling pathways via which PEMFs influence GIOP remain unclear. This review attempts to summarize the underlying cellular mechanisms of GIOP. Furthermore, recent advances showing that PEMFs affect bone cells are discussed. Finally, we discuss the possibility of using PEMFs as therapy for GIOP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiao Zhang
- Innovation Center for Wound Repair, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhao
- Innovation Center for Wound Repair, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Tiantian Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang L, Sun X, Wang L, Pei G, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Liang Z, Wang D, Fu C, He C, Wei Q. Enhanced effect of combining bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) to promote recovery after spinal cord injury in mice. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e160. [PMID: 35949547 PMCID: PMC9350428 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive traumatic disease of the central nervous system without satisfying therapy efficiency. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) therapy promotes the neurotrophic factors' secretion and axonal regeneration, thereby promoting recovery of SCI. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) therapy has been proven to promote neural growth and regeneration. Both BMMSCs and PEMF have shown curative effects for SCI; PEMF can further promote stem cell differentiation. Thus, we explored the combined effects of BMMSCs and PEMF and the potential interaction between these two therapies in SCI. Compared with the SCI control, BMMSCs, and PEMF groups, the combinational therapy displayed the best therapeutic effect. Combinational therapy increased the expression levels of nutritional factors including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factors (NGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), enhanced neuron preservation (NeuN and NF-200), and increased axonal growth (MBP and myelin sheath). Additionally, PEMF promoted the expression levels of BDNF and VEGF in BMMSCs via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In summary, the combined therapy of BMMSCs and PEMF displayed a more satisfactory effect than BMMSCs and PEMF therapy alone, indicating a promising application of combined therapy for the therapy of SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Huang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Xin Sun
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Gaiqing Pei
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Zejun Liang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Dong Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Chenying Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
- Aging and Geriatric Mechanism Laboratory, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
| | - Chengqi He
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Quan Wei
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Diamagnetic Therapy in a Patient with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I and Multiple Drug Intolerance: A Case Report. REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/reports5020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a neurologic chronic pain condition hard to diagnose and treat, and able to significantly impact the quality of life. Currently, the available multimodal, individualized treatments (i.e., pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies including invasive procedures) are aimed only at symptom control. Herein, we report a 69-year-old Caucasian female who came to our attention due to a 3-year history of severe (10/10) burning pain in her right ankle, along with oedema and local changes in skin color and temperature, which occurred after the ankle sprain. Previous pharmacological attempts failed due to multiple drug intolerance. Clinical examination confirmed the CRPS type I diagnosis, and a weekly diamagnetic therapy protocol was started since the patient refused further medications and interventional procedures. After 10 weeks of treatment, a significant (p < 0.01) reduction in pain severity and absence of oedema (difference in ankles’ circumference: from 3 cm to 0) were observed, with consequent improvements in quality of life and no adverse events. Although high-quality clinical evidence is still lacking, our case report suggests further investigating the potential use of diamagnetic therapy as a non-invasive and safe adjunctive treatment for CRPS, and as an alternative when patients did not benefit from drugs and/or refuse invasive procedures.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tabakan I, Yuvacı AU, Taştekin B, Öcal I, Pelit A. The healing effect of pulsed magnetic field on burn wounds. Burns 2022; 48:649-653. [PMID: 34670708 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A burn is one of the most difficult injuries people can face.The primary pathology is coagulation necrosis resulting from tissue damage.Many wound care products have been developed to be used in situations such as the poor general condition of the patient and lack of solid area to be grafted. However, the high costs of these products make their use complicated.In this study, the effect of PEMF on cutaneous wound healing in an animal burn model was evaluated and the dose and duration of the magnetic field should be discussed for this effect to occur. Animals were divided into five groups including eight each (n = 40) (Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).Group 1 was the control group; received no treatment after second-degree burn wound. Group 2 received daily wound care with saline. Group 3 received daily wound care with pomade containing mupirocin. Group 4 received Pulsed Electromagnetic Field signal for 60 min (1.5 m T and 40 Hz for seven days and Group 5 also received PEMF signal for 60 min the same frequency and intensity for14 days. Microscopically, second-degree burn wounds were successfully detected in all rats. Histopathological examination results in no significant difference between groups in neutrophil infiltration. The difference between the groups in vascularization was statistically significant between Group II and Group V (p < 0.001) and between Group I and Group V (p = 0.005) Epithelialization was present in 75% of the rats in Group V, while no epithelialization was observed in any of the other groups. In conclusion, we observed a significant improvement in the stasis zone of the group receiving Pulsed Electromagnetic Field for two weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Tabakan
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Cukurova University, Medical School, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Umut Yuvacı
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Cukurova University, Medical School, Turkey.
| | - Bora Taştekin
- Department of Biophysics, Cukurova University, Medical School, Turkey.
| | - Işıl Öcal
- Department of Biophysics, Cukurova University, Medical School, Turkey.
| | - Aykut Pelit
- Department of Biophysics, Cukurova University, Medical School, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
High-Intensity, Low-Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Field as an Odd Treatment in a Patient with Mixed Foot Ulcer: A Case Report. REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/reports5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower-extremity ulcers are associated with an increasing prevalence and significant economic and social costs. To date, there is no high-quality evidence related to an optimal treatment algorithm. A multimodal approach is needed particularly in patients with comorbidity and polytherapy. Herein, we report the case of a 94-year-old Caucasian female with comorbidity and polytherapy who was admitted to our observation for a history (1 year) of chronic painful malleolar mixed ulcer. After clinical evaluation, she was treated with a twice daily pain relief therapy and with a weekly diamagnetic therapy protocol plus a local treatment. During the clinical examination, we documented a statistically significant improvement in both pain (VAS score from 8 to 2 p < 0.01) and foot ulcer (surface reduction from 6 cm × 4 cm to 2 cm × 2 cm, p < 0.01) at the sixth week of combined treatment. The ulcer completely healed at the ninth week. This is the first study to document the effect of diamagnetic therapy as an add-on therapy in the management of wound healing. In conclusion, even if high-quality evidence is still lacking, diamagnetic therapy might represent an interesting option as an add-on treatment for ulcer.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Q, Zhou J, Wang X, Xu Y, Liang Z, Gu X, He C. Coupling induction of osteogenesis and type H vessels by pulsed electromagnetic fields in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in mice. Bone 2022; 154:116211. [PMID: 34560308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The growth of blood vessels and osteogenesis are coupled in bone tissue. A specialized subset of CD31hiEndomucinhi (CD31hiEmcnhi) vascular endothelium in bone has been identified to positively regulate bone formation. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) can promote the facture healing and reverse the loss of bone mass. However, the underlying mechanisms mediating in the positive effects of PEMF on bone mass accrual remain unclear. In the ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporotic mouse model, PEMF with specific parameters was administrated after 12 weeks of surgery and continued for 8 weeks. μCT analysis, quantitative PCR and Elisa assays were used to assess the PEMF-induced the osteogenesis, while immunostaining and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the abundance of CD31hiEmcnhi endothelium in the metaphysis near the growth plate. Administration of PEMF substantially countered OVX-induced bone loss as shown by greater trabecular bone, higher expression of Osterix, PDGFB and Col-1a1 transcripts, and modulation of bone anabolic and catabolic activity. The PEMF-induced osteogenesis was coupled by the expansion of CD31hiEmcnhi endothelium as demonstrated by CD31 and Endomucin double-positive immunostaining and flow cytometry. Concurrently, the higher level of HIF-α was found in PEMF-treated mice than in vehicle controls. Notably, inhibition of HIF-1α considerably reduced PEMF-induced osteogenesis, and led to a remarkable decrease of CD31hiEmcnhi vessels in the PEMF-treated OVX mice. The present study demonstrated the PEMF-induced coupling promotion of osteogenesis and CD31hiEmcnhi endothelial cells in a mouse model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. This coupling effect might be mediated in HIF-1α signaling in CD31hiEmcnhi endothelium. These findings open up new directions of al that might enable therapeutic improvement of osteogenesis in patients with osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangxiu Wang
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhejun Liang
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xintong Gu
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengqi He
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qi Y, Zhang S, Zhang M, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Li W, Cai H, Zhao BC, Lee ES, Jiang HB. Effects of Physical Stimulation in the Field of Oral Health. SCANNING 2021; 2021:5517567. [PMID: 33927791 PMCID: PMC8049832 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5517567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Physical stimulation has been widely used in clinical medicine and healthcare due to its noninvasiveness. The main applications of physical stimulation in the oral cavity include laser, ultrasound, magnetic field, and vibration, which have photothermal, cavitation, magnetocaloric, and mechanical effects, respectively. In addition, the above four stimulations with their unique biological effects, which can play a role at the gene, protein, and cell levels, can provide new methods for the treatment and prevention of common oral diseases. These four physical stimulations have been used as important auxiliary treatment methods in the field of orthodontics, implants, periodontal, dental pulp, maxillofacial surgery, and oral mucosa. This paper systematically describes the application of physical stimulation as a therapeutic method in the field of stomatology to provide guidance for clinicians. In addition, some applications of physical stimulation in specific directions are still at the research stage, and the specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated. To encourage further research on the oral applications of physical stimulation, we elaborate the research results and development history of various physical stimuli in the field of oral health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Qi
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - ShuXin Zhang
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Zili Zhou
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - HongXin Cai
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Bing Cheng Zhao
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Eui-Seok Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Korea University, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Heng Bo Jiang
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Efficacy and Effectiveness of Physical Agent Modalities in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I: A Scoping Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I) is a rare condition with huge variability in triggering factors and clinical scenarios. The complexity of the pathophysiology of this condition fosters the proposal of several therapeutic options with different mechanisms of action in both research and clinical practice. An interdisciplinary and multimodal approach, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, particularly physical therapy, is recommended by international guidelines, but the benefits and harms of available interventions are poorly known. In this scoping review, the clinical rationale for use of physical agent modalities for patients with CRPS-I will be presented. We found 10 studies addressing the role of electromagnetic field therapy, electrotherapy, and laser therapy. Our findings suggest that physical therapy modalities, in particular transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF), may contribute to reduce pain and improve function in patients with CRPS-1.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lai YF, Wang HY, Peng RY. Establishment of injury models in studies of biological effects induced by microwave radiation. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:12. [PMID: 33597038 PMCID: PMC7890848 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00303-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microwave radiation has been widely used in various fields, such as communication, industry, medical treatment, and military applications. Microwave radiation may cause injuries to both the structures and functions of various organs, such as the brain, heart, reproductive organs, and endocrine organs, which endanger human health. Therefore, it is both theoretically and clinically important to conduct studies on the biological effects induced by microwave radiation. The successful establishment of injury models is of great importance to the reliability and reproducibility of these studies. In this article, we review the microwave exposure conditions, subjects used to establish injury models, the methods used for the assessment of the injuries, and the indicators implemented to evaluate the success of injury model establishment in studies on biological effects induced by microwave radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Lai
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Rui-Yun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Biermann N, Sommerauer L, Diesch S, Koch C, Jung F, Kehrer A, Prantl L, Taeger CD. The influence of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMFT) on cutaneous blood flow in healthy volunteers1. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 76:495-501. [PMID: 33216020 DOI: 10.3233/ch-209224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biophysical interaction induced by low energy pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMFT) on the capillary microcirculation is not well understood. Several studies indicate a significant effect of PEMFT in patients with chronic medical conditions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of PEMFT on skin microcirculation in healthy volunteers. METHODS 15 healthy participants were included. Nine PEMF treatments were applied over three weeks in an 48-hour interval. The PEMFT system (BEMER) was placed beneath one of the participants' leg with the contralateral side serving as a control. A forty-minute application period was preceded by a 10-minute resting phase. Measuring was done using two Laser Doppler probes (LEA) placed on each anterior lateral thigh. RESULTS All outcome parameters including flow, mixed venous oxygen saturation and relative venous hemoglobin showed a significant increase during the experiment when compared to the baseline values of the resting phase in both groups (p < 0.01). Comparing both groups, the measurement values during the experiment did not differ (p > 0.05) except for higher flow values in the control group (P = 0.03). Over time, baseline values of both groups showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION We found a significant increase of all measurement parameters during the study compared to the baseline values with no difference between the PEMF and control group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Biermann
- Department of Plastic, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laura Sommerauer
- Department of Plastic, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Diesch
- Department of Plastic, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Koch
- Department of Plastic, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Jung
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kehrer
- Department of Plastic, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Prantl
- Department of Plastic, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian D Taeger
- Department of Plastic, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Miniaturized Electromagnetic Device Abutment Improves Stability of the Dental Implants. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30:1055-1057. [PMID: 30059423 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000004763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overall success and predictability of dental implant treatment hinge on the primary stability, direct bone-to implant contact formation, and quantity and/or quality of residual bone. Pulsed electromagnetic field has been reported to increase bone regeneration in various clinical situations. Therefore, it was hypothesized that devices which could locally generate a Pulsed electromagnetic field would stimulate bone healing and increase bone density surrounding implants. OBJECTIVE To retrospectively assess the effects of the miniaturized electromagnetic device (MED) on the implants stability for the first time in human subjects, in a prospective case controlled series. METHODS Twelve consecutive patients (28 implants) were included in the study.Twelve MED healing caps and 16 regular control healing caps were inserted. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) was performed at implant placement and abutment connection and an implant stability quotient value was given for each implant. RESULTS Twenty-eight dental implants were included in the current study. Maxillary implants stability was significantly higher with MED healing cups compared with controls at 15 days postimplantation (66.2 vs 62.1, P = .0008). Resonance frequency analysis test performed at 30 days postimplantation demonstrated significantly increased stability in MED as compared with the control 73.5 ± 3.2 vs 66.7 ± 4.8 in mandibular implants and 74 ± 1.7 vs 65 ± 2.3 in maxillary implants. At the 50 days postimplantation, RFA tests revealed markedly higher stability of the maxillary implants with MED active healing caps compared with nonactive 75.4 ± 5.1 vs 68.5 ± 8.5, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that MED-abutment implants demonstrated a superior stability during the early phase of healing as compared with standard implants.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim CH, Wheatley-Guy CM, Stewart GM, Yeo D, Shen WK, Johnson BD. The impact of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy on blood pressure and circulating nitric oxide levels: a double blind, randomized study in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Blood Press 2019; 29:47-54. [PMID: 31394939 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2019.1649591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Regulation of blood pressure (BP) is important in reducing the risk for cardiovascular disease. There is growing interest in non-pharmacological methods to treat BP including a novel approach using pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF). PEMF therapy has been proposed to impact physiological function at the cellular and tissue level and one possible mechanism is through an impact on endothelial function and nitric oxide (NO) related pathways. The focus of the present study was to evaluate the effect of PEMF on BP and NO in subjects with mild to moderate metabolic syndrome.Materials and methods: For 12 weeks, 23 subjects underwent PEMF therapy and 21 subjects underwent sham therapy. BP was measured at rest and near the end of submaximal exercise pre- and 12 week post-therapy. Additionally, plasma NO was measured at similar time points.Results: The PEMF demonstrated an increase in NO after therapy (p = .04) but SHAM did not (p = .37). For resting BP, there were no differences in systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) or mean arterial pressure (MAP) between groups (p > .05). During exercise, PEMF had a reduction in peak SBP (p = .04), but not SHAM (p = .57). PEMF demonstrated significant relationships between baseline SBP and change in SBP following therapy (r = -0.71, p < .01) and between MAP and change in MAP following therapy (r = -0.60, p < .01), but no such relationships were found in SHAM. Subjects with resting hypertension (SBP ≥140 mmHg) in PEMF (n = 11) had significant reductions in SBP, DBP and MAP when compared to SHAM with hypertension (n = 9) (p < .05). In this sub-group analysis, PEMF demonstrated lowered peak SBP (p = .04) at a given exercise load (p = .40) but SHAM did not (p > .05).Conclusion: PEMF may increase plasma NO availability and improve BP at rest and during exercise. However, this beneficial effect appears to be more pronounced in subjects with existing hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Glenn M Stewart
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dongwook Yeo
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Win-Kuang Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Bruce D Johnson
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Merhi Z, Moseley-LaRue R, Moseley AR, Smith AH, Zhang J. Ozone and pulsed electro-magnetic field therapies improve endometrial lining thickness in frozen embryo transfer cycles: Three case reports. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16865. [PMID: 31441861 PMCID: PMC6716719 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE In assisted reproductive technology, a persistently thin endometrial lining represents a huge challenge during frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. PATIENT CONCERNS Three patients who had a persistently thin endometrial lining despite the use of several medical agents known to improve endometrial lining thickness. DIAGNOSES Infertility undergoing FET cycles. INTERVENTIONS A combination of transdermal and intravaginal ozone therapy along with Pulsed Electro-Magnetic Field (PEMF) therapy. OUTCOMES Ozone with PEMF, both of which are known to have vasodilatatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant actions, were successful in improving the thickness of the endometrial lining in all 3 patients. Two out of 3 patients became pregnant following single embryo transfer. LESSONS Ozone with PEMF constitute a novel experimental approach for women with persistently thin endometrial lining undergoing FET. This novel approach needs validation by large well-designed studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaher Merhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx
- New Hope Fertility Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang T, Yang L, Jiang J, Liu Y, Fan Z, Zhong C, He C. Pulsed electromagnetic fields: promising treatment for osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:267-276. [PMID: 30603841 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-04822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is considered to be a well-defined disease which results in high morbidity and mortality. In patients diagnosed with OP, low bone mass and fragile bone strength have been demonstrated to significantly increase risk of fragility fractures. To date, various anabolic and antiresorptive therapies have been applied to maintain healthy bone mass and strength. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are employed to treat patients suffering from delayed fracture healing and nonunions. Although PEMFs stimulate osteoblastogenesis, suppress osteoclastogenesis, and influence the activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and osteocytes, ultimately leading to retention of bone mass and strength. However, whether PEMFs could be taken into clinical use to treat OP is still unknown. Furthermore, the deeper signaling pathways underlying the way in which PEMFs influence OP remain unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - L Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - J Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Z Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - C Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - C He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Comparative study of the efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic field and low level laser therapy on mitogen-activated protein kinases. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 9:316-321. [PMID: 28956019 PMCID: PMC5614620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) consist of three major signaling members: extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and C-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK). We investigated physiological effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy (PEMFT) and Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on human body, adopting the expression level of mitogen-activated protein kinases as an indicator via assessment of the activation levels of three major families of MAPKS, ERK, p38 and JNK in the peripheral lymphocytes of patients before and after the therapies. Assessment for the expression levels of MAPKs families' were done, in the peripheral lymphocytes of patients recently have appendectomy, using flow cytometric analysis of multiple signaling pathways, pre and post LLLT and PEMFT application (twice daily for 6 successive days) on the appendectomy wound. There were non-significant differences in the expression levels of MAPKs families' pre- therapies application. But there were significant increase in the ERK expression levels post application of LLLT compared to its pre application (p<0.01). Also, there was significant increase in the ERK, p38 and C-Jun N terminal expression level values post application of PEMFT compared to its pre application expression levels (p<0.01 for each). The present study demonstrates that PEMFT has a powerful healing effect more than LLLT as it increase the activation of ERK, P38 and C-Jun-N Terminal while LLLT only increase the activation of ERK. LLLT has more potent pain decreasing effect than PEMFT as it does not activate P38 pathway like PEMFT. PEMFT stimulates all pathways of MAPKs including ERK, P38 and C-Jun-terminal. LLLT stimulates only the ERK pathway in MAPKS activation pathways. PEMFT has a powerful healing effect more than LLLT as it increase the activation of ERK, P38 and C-Jun-N Terminal. LLLT has more potent pain decreasing effect than PEMFT as it does not activate p38 pathway. PEMFT should not be used as pain killer modality in acute pain but it's very useful to be used in chronic pain management with hypothalamic –ve Ingram due to its stimulatory effect on P38.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ross CL, Syed I, Smith TL, Harrison BS. The regenerative effects of electromagnetic field on spinal cord injury. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 36:74-87. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2016.1160408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
21
|
Menini M, Bevilacqua M, Setti P, Tealdo T, Pesce P, Pera P. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on swelling and pain after implant surgery: a double-blind, randomized study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 45:346-53. [PMID: 26586300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this split-mouth, double-blind, randomized study was to determine whether pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) can improve swelling and the management of pain after full-arch immediate loading implant surgery. Eleven patients were selected for the study. Each patient received four distal tilted implants in the upper or lower jaw and underwent full-arch immediate loading rehabilitation. After surgery, two PEMF devices were applied to each patient, one on each cheek. In a random manner, one of these PEMF devices was switched on (test side); the other served as a placebo (control side). Forty-eight hours after surgery clinicians estimated postoperative swelling through photographic documentation, comparing the condition before and after surgery, while pain was assessed using a verbal rating scale. The patient's degree of comfort in relation to the PEMF devices was analyzed by questionnaire using a numerical rating scale. No statistically significant difference was observed between the test and control sides for swelling or pain (P>0.05). Most of the patients did not present swelling or pain at 48h after surgery, regardless of whether the PEMF device was activated or not. Various outcomes were found in the comfort evaluation. Within the limitations of this study, PEMF does not reduce postoperative swelling or pain after implant surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Menini
- Department of Implant and Fixed Prosthodontics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - M Bevilacqua
- Department of Implant and Fixed Prosthodontics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - P Setti
- Department of Implant and Fixed Prosthodontics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.
| | - T Tealdo
- Department of Implant and Fixed Prosthodontics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - P Pesce
- Department of Implant and Fixed Prosthodontics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - P Pera
- Department of Implant and Fixed Prosthodontics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Barak S, Neuman M, Iezzi G, Piattelli A, Perrotti V, Gabet Y. A new device for improving dental implants anchorage: a histological and micro-computed tomography study in the rabbit. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 27:935-42. [PMID: 26249830 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, a new healing cap that could generate a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) around titanium implants to stimulate peri-implant osteogenesis was tested in the rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 22 implants were inserted in the proximal tibial metaphysis of 22 rabbits. A healing cap containing the active device was inserted in half of the implants (11 test implants); an "empty" healing cap was inserted in the other ones (11 control implants). The animals were euthanized after 2 and 4 weeks, and the samples were processed for micro-computed tomography and histology. The peri-implant volume was divided into coronal (where the PEMF was the strongest) and apical regions. RESULTS Most of the effects of the tested device were confined to the coronal region. Two weeks post-implantation, test implants showed a significant 56% higher trabecular bone fraction (BV/TV), associated with enhanced trabecular number (Tb.N, +37%) and connectivity density (Conn.D, +73%) as compared to the control group; at 4 weeks, the PEMF induced a 69% increase in BV/TV and 34% increase of Tb.N. There was no difference in the trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) at either time point. Furthermore, we observed a 48% higher bone-to-implant contact (BIC) in the test implants vs. controls after 2 weeks; this increase tended to remain stable until the fourth week. Mature trabecular and woven bone were observed in direct contact with the implant surface with no gaps or connective tissue at the bone-implant interface. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the PEMF device stimulated early bone formation around dental implants resulting in higher peri-implant BIC and bone mass already after 2 weeks which suggests an acceleration of the osseointegration process by more than three times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vittoria Perrotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy & Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ikegami A, Ueshima K, Saito M, Ikoma K, Fujioka M, Hayashi S, Ishida M, Fujiwara H, Mazda O, Kubo T. Femoral perfusion after pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation in a steroid-induced osteonecrosis model. Bioelectromagnetics 2015; 36:349-57. [PMID: 25808585 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate femoral perfusion after pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation in a steroid-induced osteonecrosis rabbit model by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Steroid-induced osteonecrosis was produced by single intramuscular injection of methylprednisolone in 15 rabbits. Eight rabbits underwent PEMF stimulation (PEMF group) and seven did not (control group). DCE-MRI was performed before PEMF stimulation, immediately before steroid administration, and 1, 5, 10, and 14 days after steroid administration. Regions of interest were set in the bilateral proximal femora. Enhancement ratio (ER), initial slope (IS), and area under the curve (AUC) were analyzed. ER, IS, and AUC in the control group significantly decreased after steroid administration compared with before administration (P<0.05). In PEMF group, IS significantly decreased; however, ER and AUC showed no significant differences after steroid administration compared with before. ER and IS in PEMF group were higher than in control group until 10th day, and AUC was higher until 5th day after steroid administration (P<0.05). PEMF stimulation restrains the decrease in blood flow after steroid administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ikegami
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Ueshima
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masazumi Saito
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ikoma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Fujioka
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeki Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Ishida
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kubo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Electromagnetic acupuncture to enhance the effects of manual acupuncture on recovery from muscle fatigue of the quadriceps. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2014; 7:250-7. [PMID: 25441950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate a new method of manual acupuncture that used a magnetic field to stimulate only one acupoint vertically. We developed an eight-channel electromagnetic acupuncture (EMA) system that uses a solenoid-type electrode to insert the manual acupuncture needle into a hole in an electrode. We used a manual acupuncture needle for magnetic induction in order to penetrate vertically and deeply into tissues. In order to confirm the usefulness of EMA, we investigated the effects of treatment on muscle fatigue after strenuous knee extension/flexion exercises that had been performed by three groups: the nonstimulation, the manual acupuncture, and the EMA groups. Electromyograms showed that the median frequency (MF) in the EMA group had rapidly recovered after 4 minutes (p = 0.608), but that the peak torque had not recovered to the normal state (p < 0.05). Thus, we confirmed that compared with manual acupuncture, EMA resulted in better recovery from muscle fatigue.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bragin DE, Statom GL, Hagberg S, Nemoto EM. Increases in microvascular perfusion and tissue oxygenation via pulsed electromagnetic fields in the healthy rat brain. J Neurosurg 2014; 122:1239-47. [PMID: 25343187 DOI: 10.3171/2014.8.jns132083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT High-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation is an emerging noninvasive therapy being used clinically to facilitate bone and cutaneous wound healing. Although the mechanisms of action of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) are unknown, some studies suggest that its effects are mediated by increased nitric oxide (NO), a well-known vasodilator. The authors hypothesized that in the brain, PEMF increase NO, which induces vasodilation, enhances microvascular perfusion and tissue oxygenation, and may be a useful adjunct therapy in stroke and traumatic brain injury. To test this hypothesis, they studied the effect of PEMF on a healthy rat brain with and without NO synthase (NOS) inhibition. METHODS In vivo two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) was used on the parietal cortex of rat brains to measure microvascular tone and red blood cell (RBC) flow velocity in microvessels with diameters ranging from 3 to 50 μm, which includes capillaries, arterioles, and venules. Tissue oxygenation (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NADH] fluorescence) was also measured before and for 3 hours after PEMF treatment using the FDA-cleared SofPulse device (Ivivi Health Sciences, LLC). To test NO involvement, the NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was intravenously injected (10 mg/kg). In a time control group, PEMF were not used. Doppler flux (0.8-mm probe diameter), brain and rectal temperatures, arterial blood pressure, blood gases, hematocrit, and electrolytes were monitored. RESULTS Pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation significantly dilated cerebral arterioles from a baseline average diameter of 26.4 ± 0.84 μm to 29.1 ± 0.91 μm (11 rats, p < 0.01). Increased blood volume flow through dilated arterioles enhanced capillary flow with an average increase in RBC flow velocity by 5.5% ± 1.3% (p < 0.01). Enhanced microvascular flow increased tissue oxygenation as reflected by a decrease in NADH autofluorescence to 94.7% ± 1.6% of baseline (p < 0.05). Nitric oxide synthase inhibition by L-NAME prevented PEMF-induced changes in arteriolar diameter, microvascular perfusion, and tissue oxygenation (7 rats). No changes in measured parameters were observed throughout the study in the untreated time controls (5 rats). CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration of the acute effects of PEMF on cerebral cortical microvascular perfusion and metabolism. Thirty minutes of PEMF treatment induced cerebral arteriolar dilation leading to an increase in microvascular blood flow and tissue oxygenation that persisted for at least 3 hours. The effects of PEMF were mediated by NO, as we have shown in NOS inhibition experiments. These results suggest that PEMF may be an effective treatment for patients after traumatic or ischemic brain injury. Studies on the effect of PEMF on the injured brain are in progress.
Collapse
|
26
|
Potent stimulation of blood flow in fingers of volunteers after local short-term treatment with low-frequency magnetic fields from a novel device. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:543564. [PMID: 24963323 PMCID: PMC4055403 DOI: 10.1155/2014/543564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel hand-held low-frequency magnetic stimulator (MagCell-SR) was tested for its ability to stimulate microcirculation in fingers of healthy volunteers. Blood flow during and after 5 minutes exposure was quantified using Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging Technique. The device was positioned between the wrist and the dorsal part of the backhand. Because the increase in blood flow could be caused by a release of nitric oxide (NO) from the vascular endothelial cells we tested NO production with a fluorescence marker and quantified the measurements in cell cultures of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC). Exposure increased blood flow significantly, persisted several minutes, and then disappeared gradually. In order to assess the effect of a static magnetic field, the measurements were also carried out with the device shutoff. Here, only a small increase in blood flow was noted. The application of the rotating MagCell-SR to the HUVEC cultures leads to a rapid onset and a significant increase of NO release after 15 minutes. Thus, frequencies between 4 and 12 Hz supplied by the device improve microcirculation significantly. Therefore, this device can be used in all clinical situations where an improvement of the microcirculation is useful like in chronic wound healing deficits.
Collapse
|
27
|
Tran MTD, Skovbjerg S, Arendt-Nielsen L, Bech P, Lunde M, Elberling J. Two of three patients with multiple chemical sensitivity had less symptoms and secondary hyperalgesia after transcranially applied pulsed electromagnetic fields. Scand J Pain 2014; 5:104-109. [PMID: 29913674 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic, disabling condition characterized by recurrent multisystem symptoms triggered by common airborne chemicals. Evidence points towards abnormal sensory processing in the central nervous system (CNS) as a likely pathophysiological mechanism. No effective treatment has yet been reported, but clinical observations suggest that as pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) is a treatment for some CNS disorders (depression and chronic pain), it may also be a treatment modality for MCS. Methods In an open case study, the effects of PEMF were assessed in three MCS patients. All cases received 30 min daily treatment 5 days a week for 8 consecutive weeks. Symptoms and functional impairments related to MCS, depressive symptoms, and capsaicin-induced secondary punctate hyperalgesia were assessed at baseline and weekly until an 18-week follow-up. Results Two of the three cases showed considerable improvement on all measures of symptoms and functional impairments related to MCS in response to PEMF therapy. One case showed no improvement and during the treatment period was unexpectedly diagnosed with depression. Conclusion Our findings indicate potential benefits of PEMF therapy in MCS. Implication The therapeutic effect of PEMF in MCS needs to be investigated by a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Thi Dao Tran
- The Danish Research Centre for Chemical Sensitivities, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Ledreborg Allé 40, 2. th., DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Sine Skovbjerg
- The Danish Research Centre for Chemical Sensitivities, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Ledreborg Allé 40, 2. th., DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7 D3, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Per Bech
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Mental Health Centre North Zealand, Dyrehavevej 48, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Marianne Lunde
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Mental Health Centre North Zealand, Dyrehavevej 48, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Jesper Elberling
- The Danish Research Centre for Chemical Sensitivities, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Ledreborg Allé 40, 2. th., DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Santo VE, Rodrigues MT, Gomes ME. Contributions and future perspectives on the use of magnetic nanoparticles as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the field of regenerative medicine. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 13:553-66. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2013.819169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
29
|
Tran MTD, Skovbjerg S, Arendt-Nielsen L, Christensen KB, Elberling J. Transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields for multiple chemical sensitivity: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2013; 14:256. [PMID: 23947742 PMCID: PMC3765111 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic condition of unknown etiology. MCS is characterized by recurrent nonspecific symptoms from multiple organ systems in response to chemical exposures in concentrations that are normally tolerated by the majority of the population. The symptoms may have severe impact on patients’ lives, but an evidence-based treatment for the condition is nonexisting. The pathophysiology is unclarified, but several indicators point towards abnormal processing of sensory signals in the central nervous system. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) offer a promising new treatment for refractory depression and can be targeted at the brain, thereby activating biochemical cell processes. Methods/Design In a parallel, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Danish Research Centre for Chemical Sensitivities, the effects of PEMF in MCS patients will be assessed using the Re5 Independent System. Based on sample size estimation, 40 participants will be randomized to either PEMF therapy or placebo. The allocation sequence will be generated by computer. All involved parties (that is, participants, investigators, the research nurse, and the statistician) will be blinded to group allocation. The participants will receive PEMF therapy or placebo applied transcranially 30 minutes twice a day for 7 days a week over 6 consecutive weeks. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, once weekly during treatment, post treatment, and at 2.5-month and 4.5-month follow-up according to a predefined timetable. The primary outcome will be a measurement of the impact of MCS on everyday life. The secondary outcomes will be measurements of MCS symptoms, psychological distress (stress, anxiety or depressive symptoms), capsaicin-induced secondary punctate hyperalgesia, immunological markers in serum, and quality of life. Discussion This trial will assess the effects of PEMF therapy for MCS. Currently, there is no treatment with a documented effect on MCS, and in terms of healthcare there is very little to offer these patients. There is thus a great need for well-conducted randomized trials aimed at assessing possible treatment effects. A positive outcome will pave the way for improved healthcare and understanding of this very disabling and overlooked condition. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01834781
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Thi Dao Tran
- The Danish Research Centre for Chemical Sensitivities, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Ledreborg Allé 40, 2, th,, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gutiérrez-Mercado YK, Cañedo-Dorantes L, Gómez-Pinedo U, Serrano-Luna G, Bañuelos-Pineda J, Feria-Velasco A. Increased vascular permeability in the circumventricular organs of adult rat brain due to stimulation by extremely low frequency magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2012; 34:145-55. [PMID: 23060261 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the exposure of biological systems to magnetic fields (MFs) can produce several beneficial effects: tissue recovery in chronic wounds, re-establishment of blood circulation after tissue ischemia or in necrotic tissues, improvement after epileptic episodes, angiogenesis, etc. In the current study, the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) MF on the capillaries of some circumventricular organs (CVOs) are demonstrated; a vasodilator effect is reported as well as an increase in their permeability to non-liposoluble substances. For this study, 96 Wistar male rats (250 g body mass) were used and divided into three groups of 32 rats each: a control group (no treatment); a sham ELF-MF group; and an experimental group subjected to ELF-MF (120 Hz harmonic waves and 0.66 mT, root mean square) by the use of Helmholtz coils. All animals were administered colloidal carbon (CC) intravenously to study, through optical and transmission electron microscopy, the capillary permeability in CVOs and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in brain areas. An increase in capillary permeability to CC was detected in the ELF-MF-exposed group as well as a significant increase in vascular area (capillary vasodilation); none of these effects were observed in individuals of the control and sham ELF-MF groups. It is important to investigate the mechanisms involved in the phenomena reported here in order to explain the effects of ELF-MF on brain vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanet K Gutiérrez-Mercado
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Biological and Agricultural Sciences University Center (CUCBA), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kim YD. Biophysical therapy and biostimulation in unfavorable bony circumstances: adjunctive therapies for osseointegration. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2012.38.4.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Deok Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chalidis B, Sachinis N, Assiotis A, Maccauro G. Stimulation of bone formation and fracture healing with pulsed electromagnetic fields: biologic responses and clinical implications. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:17-20. [PMID: 21669132 DOI: 10.1177/03946320110241s204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) have been used for several years to supplement bone healing. However, the mode of action of this non-invasive method is still debated and quantification of its effect on fracture healing is widely varied. At cellular and molecular level, PEMF has been advocated to promote the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins and exert a direct effect on the production of proteins that regulate gene transcription. Electromagnetic fields may also affect several membrane receptors and stimulate osteoblasts to secrete several growth factors such as bone morphogenic proteins 2 and 4 and TGF-beta. They could also accelerate intramedullary angiogenesis and improve the load to failure and stiffness of the bone. Although healing rates have been reported in up to 87 % of delayed unions and non-unions, the efficacy of the method is significantly varied while patient or fracture related variables could not be clearly associated with a successful outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Chalidis
- Interbalkan Medical Center, Orthopaedic Department, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Effect of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field on Healing of Mandibular Fracture: A Preliminary Clinical Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 69:1708-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
34
|
Belova NA, Potselueva MM, Srebnitskaya LK, Znobishcheva AV, Lednev VV. The influence of weak magnetic fields on the production of the reactive oxygen species in peritoneal neutrophils of mice. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350910040123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
35
|
Martiny K, Lunde M, Bech P. Transcranial low voltage pulsed electromagnetic fields in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Biol Psychiatry 2010; 68:163-9. [PMID: 20385376 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 30% of patients with depression are resistant to antidepressant drugs. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been found effective in combination with antidepressants in this patient group. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidepressant effect of a new principle using low-intensity transcranially applied pulsed electromagnetic fields (T-PEMF) in combination with antidepressants in patients with treatment-resistant depression. METHODS This was a sham-controlled double-blind study comparing 5 weeks of active or sham T-PEMF in patients with treatment-resistant major depression. The antidepressant treatment, to which patients had been resistant, was unchanged 4 weeks before and during the study period. Weekly assessments were performed using both clinician-rated and patient-rated scales. The T-PEMF equipment was designed as a helmet containing seven separate coils located over the skull that generated an electrical field in tissue with orders of magnitude weaker than those generated by rTMS equipment. RESULTS Patients on active T-PEMF showed a clinically and statistically significant better outcome than patients treated with sham T-PEMF, with an onset of action within the first weeks of therapy. Effect size on the Hamilton 17-item Depression Rating Scale was .62 (95% confidence interval .21-1.02). Treatment-emergent side effects were few and mild. CONCLUSION The T-PEMF treatment was superior to sham treatment in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Few side effects were observed. Mechanism of the antidepressant action, in light of the known effects of PEMF stimulation to the brain, is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Martiny
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Mental Health Center North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Delayed or failure of bone healing in fracture, osteotomy, and arthrodesis patients continues to be a clinical dilemma. Electromagnetic stimulation is 1 modality demonstrated in many studies to aid bone healing; however, relatively few studies depict the use and complications associated with direct current implantable bone stimulators. Over a 9-year period, we studied a consecutive series of 120 adult patients who underwent implantation of a direct current bone stimulator. The goals of this study were to determine the time until healing, the presence of infection, and the need for additional nonunion surgery or salvage procedure following internal bone stimulator placement for nonunion treatment. Of the factors affecting the time until healing, tobacco smoking was a significant factor associated with increased time until healing. Tobacco smoking and duration of nonunion prior to implantable bone stimulator placement were both significant factors in the need for revision nonunion surgery or salvage procedure after implantable bone stimulator placement. Deep soft tissue infection or osteomyelitis was a significant factor predicting prolonged time to healing, subsequent infection following implantable bone stimulator placement, and the need for revision or salvage surgery. With the relative lack of complications directly attributable to electromagnetic implantable bone stimulators, their use may be an effective adjuvant to stable internal fixation and autogenous bone grafting in healing nonunions. However, the use of implantable bone stimulators in patients with nonunion prior to deep soft tissue infection or osteomyelitis exhibited an increased rate of postoperative infection in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Hughes
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65202, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2010. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2010.17.1.45987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a global lifelong health problem. By 2030, the projected worldwide prevalence of diabetes will reach 366 million (Wild et al, 2004). Diabetes can lead to a variety of complications including diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The occurrence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is 25% for patients with a history of 10 years or more of diabetes, and 50% for those with a 20-year history or longer (Pirart, 1977).
Collapse
|
38
|
Smith TL, Blum K, Callahan MF, DiNubile NA, Chen TJH, Waite RL. H-Wave induces arteriolar vasodilation in rat striated muscle via nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms. J Orthop Res 2009; 27:1248-51. [PMID: 19204915 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
H-Wave electrical device stimulation (HWDS) is used clinically to expedite recovery from soft tissue injuries. We hypothesized that HWDS induces arteriolar dilation, a mechanism involved in the healing process. Acute effects of HWDS on striated muscle arteriolar diameters were studied. Arteriolar diameters were measured in the cremaster muscle of 57 male anesthetized rats using intravital microscopy before and after HWDS or sham stimulation (SS) at 1 or 2 Hz for periods of 30-60 min. In a separate cohort, the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the response to HWDS was assessed by blocking NO synthase using topical L-NAME at 10(-5) M. Maximal arteriolar responses to stimulation were compared to prestimulation diameters. HWDS both at 1 and 2 Hz resulted in significant arteriolar vasodilation (p < 0.05). The arterioles in SS animals demonstrated no changes in diameter. Similarly, microvascular diameters did not change with HWDS following blockade of NO production. Because of Poiseuille's Law, the significant arteriolar dilation induced by HWDS would translate into increases in blood flow of 26-62%. In addition, lack of arteriolar dilation following HWDS with blockade of NO production suggests that NO plays a role in the microvascular response to HWDS. These studies suggest that arteriolar vasodilation accompanying HWDS may result in increased perfusion, contributing to the observed therapeutic effects of HWDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Smith
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1070, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
McKay JC, Corbacio M, Tyml K, Prato FS, Thomas AW. Extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field designed for antinociception does not affect microvascular responsiveness to the vasodilator acetylcholine. Bioelectromagnetics 2009; 31:64-76. [PMID: 19644977 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 225 microT, extremely low frequency, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) that was designed for the induction of antinociception, was tested for its effectiveness to influence blood flow within the skeletal microvasculature of a male Sprague-Dawley rat model (n = 103). Acetylcholine (0.1, 1.0, or 10 mM) was used to perturb normal blood flow and to delineate differential effects of the PEMF, based on degree of vessel dilation. After both 30 and 60 min of PEMF exposure, we report no effects on peak perfusion response to acetylcholine (with only 0.2% of the group difference attributed to exposure). Spectral analysis of blood flow data was generated to obtain information related to myogenic activity (0.15-0.40 Hz), respiratory rate (0.4-2.0 Hz), and heart rate (2.0-7.0 Hz), including the peak frequency within each of the three frequency regions identified above, peak power, full width at half maximum (FWHM), and mean within band. No significant effects due to exposure were observed on myogenic activity of examined blood vessels, or on heart rate parameters. Anesthesia-induced respiratory depression was, however, significantly reduced following PEMF exposure compared to shams (although exposure only accounted for 9.4% of the group difference). This set of data suggest that there are no significant acute physiological effects of 225 microT PEMF after 30 and 60 min of exposure on peak blood flow, heart rate, and myogenic activity, but perhaps a small attenuation effect on anesthetic-induced respiratory depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia C McKay
- Bioelectromagnetics, Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Electromagnetic Field at 15.95–16 Hz is Cardio Protective Following Acute Myocardial Infarction. Ann Biomed Eng 2009; 37:2093-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-009-9758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
41
|
Graak V, Chaudhary S, Bal BS, Sandhu JS. Evaluation of the efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic field in the management of patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2009; 29:56-61. [PMID: 20142869 PMCID: PMC2812751 DOI: 10.4103/0973-3930.53121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The study was carried out to evaluate and compare the effect of low power, low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) of 600 and 800 Hz, respectively, in management of patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. SETTINGS AND DESIGNS The study was a randomized controlled trial performed in Guru Nanak Dev University and Medical College, Amritsar, India with different subject experimental design. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty subjects within an age group of 40-68 years with diabetic polyneuropathy stages N1a, N1b, N2a were randomly allocated to groups 1, 2, 3 with 10 subjects in each. Group 1 and 2 were treated with low power 600 and 800-Hz PEMF for 30 min for 12 consecutive days. Group 3 served as control on usual medical treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). The subjects with neuropathy due to any cause other than diabetes were excluded. The pain and motor nerve conduction parameters (distal latency, amplitude, nerve conduction velocity) were assessed before and after treatment. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Related t-test and unrelated t-test were used for data analysis. RESULTS Significant reduction in pain and statistically significant (P<0.05) improvement in distal latency and nerve conduction velocity were seen in experimental group 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS Low-frequency PEMF can be used as an adjunct in reducing neuropathic pain as well as for retarding the progression of neuropathy in a short span of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Graak
- Department of Sports Medicine and Physiotherapy, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sarika Chaudhary
- Department of Sports Medicine and Physiotherapy, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - B. S. Bal
- Department of Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - J. S. Sandhu
- Department of Sports Medicine and Physiotherapy, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Static magnetic field combined with functional appliances: a new approach to enhance mandibular growth in Class II malocclusion. Med Hypotheses 2008; 72:276-9. [PMID: 19062200 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2008] [Revised: 08/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Class II malocclusion is one of the most common orthodontic problems. The main aetiology of Class II malocclusion is mandibular retrognathia. A variety of functional appliances have been used to stimulate mandibular growth in adolescence, however, the effects remain unsatisfactory. Therefore, new approaches are in need to strengthen the effects of functional appliances. Static magnetic field (SMF), created by permanent magnets, has long been proven to be clinically safe and is well accepted as a practical and non-invasive therapy. Numerous experimental and clinical data suggest that exogenous SMF can make profound effects on a large variety of biological systems. There has been increasing interest in curing bone injuries with SMF. More recently, literatures shed light on the chondrogenic and osteogenic effects of SMF. SMF and functional appliances may well have a synergistic effect in mandibular growth promotion. Based on experimental results and theoretical analysis, it is hypothesized that SMF combined with functional appliances can enhance mandibular growth in Class II malocclusion. A practical clinical design is also put forward.
Collapse
|
43
|
Funk RHW, Monsees T, Ozkucur N. Electromagnetic effects - From cell biology to medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 43:177-264. [PMID: 19167986 DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this review we compile and discuss the published plethora of cell biological effects which are ascribed to electric fields (EF), magnetic fields (MF) and electromagnetic fields (EMF). In recent years, a change in paradigm took place concerning the endogenously produced static EF of cells and tissues. Here, modern molecular biology could link the action of ion transporters and ion channels to the "electric" action of cells and tissues. Also, sensing of these mainly EF could be demonstrated in studies of cell migration and wound healing. The triggers exerted by ion concentrations and concomitant electric field gradients have been traced along signaling cascades till gene expression changes in the nucleus. Far more enigmatic is the way of action of static MF which come in most cases from outside (e.g. earth magnetic field). All systems in an organism from the molecular to the organ level are more or less in motion. Thus, in living tissue we mostly find alternating fields as well as combination of EF and MF normally in the range of extremely low-frequency EMF. Because a bewildering array of model systems and clinical devices exits in the EMF field we concentrate on cell biological findings and look for basic principles in the EF, MF and EMF action. As an outlook for future research topics, this review tries to link areas of EF, MF and EMF research to thermodynamics and quantum physics, approaches that will produce novel insights into cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard H W Funk
- Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Institut für Anatomie, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ishida M, Fujioka M, Takahashi KA, Arai Y, Kubo T. Electromagnetic fields: a novel prophylaxis for steroid-induced osteonecrosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2008; 466:1068-73. [PMID: 18350347 PMCID: PMC2311468 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-008-0182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Establishing a means to prevent osteonecrosis after corticosteroid administration is an important theme. We asked whether pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation, a noninvasive treatment, could prevent osteonecrosis. Ninety rabbits were divided into four treatment groups: (1) exposure of 10 hours per day to electromagnetic stimulation for 1 week, followed by injection of methylprednisolone (20 mg/kg), and exposure of 10 hours per day to electromagnetism for a further 4 weeks (n = 40); (2) methylprednisolone injection only (n = 40); (3) no treatment (n = 5); and (4) exposure of 10 hours per day to electromagnetism for 5 weeks (n = 5). After 5 weeks, we harvested and histologically examined femurs bilaterally. The frequency of osteonecrosis was lower in the steroid-electromagnetism group (15/40) than in the steroid-only group (26/40). No necrotic lesions were found in the two control groups. We observed no clear effects of electromagnetism on the number, location, extent, and repair of necrotic lesions and intramedullary fat cell size in affected rabbits. Pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation reportedly augments angiogenesis factors and dilates blood vessels; these effects may lower the frequency of osteonecrosis. Exposure to pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation before corticosteroid administration could be an effective means to reduce the risk of osteonecrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ishida
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| | - Mikihiro Fujioka
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| | - Kenji A. Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| | - Yuji Arai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kubo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Selvamurugan N, Kwok S, Vasilov A, Jefcoat SC, Partridge NC. Effects of BMP-2 and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on rat primary osteoblastic cell proliferation and gene expression. J Orthop Res 2007; 25:1213-20. [PMID: 17503520 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) strongly promote osteoblast differentiation. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) promote fracture healing in non-union fractures. In this study, we hypothesized that a combined BMP-2 and PEMF stimulation would augment bone formation to a greater degree than treatment with either single stimulus. BMP-2 maximally increased the proliferative activity of rat primary osteoblastic cells at 25 ng/ml concentration. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that BMP-2 stimulated mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alpha(1) (I) procollagen, and osteocalcin (OC) in the differentiation phase and only OC mRNA expression in the mineralization phase after 24-h treatment. Both BMP-2 and PEMF (Spinal-Stim) increased cell proliferation, which was additive when both agents were combined. PEMF alone or together with BMP-2 increased only ALP mRNA expression and only during the differentiation phase 24 h after one 4-h treatment. This effect was additive when both agents were combined. Continuous daily 4-h treatment with PEMF alone or together with BMP-2 increased expression of all three osteoblast marker genes during the differentiation phase and increased the mineralized matrix. This effect was additive when both agents were combined, suggesting that the two interventions may be working on different cellular pathways. Thus, a combined effect of BMP-2 and PEMF in vitro could be considered as groundwork for in vivo bone development that may support skeletal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Selvamurugan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, UMDNJ--Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fernandez MI, Watson PJ, Rowbotham DJ. Effect of pulsed magnetic field therapy on pain reported by human volunteers in a laboratory model of acute pain †. Br J Anaesth 2007; 99:266-9. [PMID: 17519258 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aem129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulsed magnetic field therapy (PMFT) is a non-invasive, simple technique used extensively for the treatment of muscle pain. However, evidence to support its use from well-designed, clinical, or experimental studies is sparse. METHODS We have utilized an acute pain model to perform a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover-study on 10 male (18-40 yr) volunteers. Pain was elicited by infusion of hypertonic saline 5% into the brachioradialis muscle of the non-dominant arm on two occasions, at least 1 week apart. Subjects received active or sham PMFT for 30 min in a randomized order delivered by two identical, commercially available machines (PulsePack 6000, Quantum Techniks). The active machine delivered a M-wave magnetic pulse (1.25 Hz, 3 ms width, 600 Gauss); the sham device was deactivated and delivered no magnetic energy. Pain was assessed at 15-s intervals, and area under the visual analogue score (VAS) pain curve (AUCp) was calculated using the trapezoid method. RESULTS There were no significant differences in mean VAS pain scores between the two machines at any time. In addition, there were no significant differences with respect to mean (sem) maximum pain score [sham 60 (8), active 63 (9) mm; P = 0.66, 95% CI -18 to 12 mm] or AUCp [sham 463 (50), active 499 (90); P = 0.64, 95% CI -201 to 129]. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that, using the electromagnetic characteristics of the machine in this study, the PMFT had no effect on pain in our experimental model. More work is required to provide an evidence base in support of the use of this technique for pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M I Fernandez
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Schnoke M, Midura RJ. Pulsed electromagnetic fields rapidly modulate intracellular signaling events in osteoblastic cells: comparison to parathyroid hormone and insulin. J Orthop Res 2007; 25:933-40. [PMID: 17427956 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) devices are approved for the healing of bone nonunions, but there is a lack of understanding as to their mechanism of action at the cell and molecular level. Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) therapy is currently utilized for treatment of osteoporosis, and is also being investigated for the purpose of augmenting fracture healing. Insulin and IGF-1 are also thought to play important anabolic roles in osteogenesis. In this report, signaling pathways activated by acute PTH or insulin treatments were compared to those activated by PEMF treatment in osteoblast-like cells. Some signaling molecules like the extracellular response kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2) and the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) were activated by insulin and PTH, respectively, but not by PEMF treatment. Other signaling molecules like the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), the S6 ribosomal subunit kinase, and the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were phosphorylated by PTH, insulin, and PEMF to the same relative extent and within the same time frame. IRS-1, eNOS, and S6 have been implicated in bone anabolism, and our results suggest that the anabolic effects of PEMF may be mediated, in part, through the activation of these proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Schnoke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Orthopaedic Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, ND20, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
McKay JC, Prato FS, Thomas AW. A literature review: The effects of magnetic field exposure on blood flow and blood vessels in the microvasculature. Bioelectromagnetics 2007; 28:81-98. [PMID: 17004242 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effect of magnetic field (MF) exposure on microcirculation and microvasculature is not clear or widely explored. In the limited body of data that exists, there are contradictions as to the effects of MFs on blood perfusion and pressure. Approximately half of the cited studies indicate a vasodilatory effect of MFs; the remaining half indicate that MFs could trigger either vasodilation or vasoconstriction depending on initial vessel tone. Few studies indicate that MFs cause a decrease in perfusion or no effect. There is a further lack of investigation into the cellular effects of MFs on microcirculation and microvasculature. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in mediating microcirculatory MF effects has been minimally explored and results are mixed, with four studies supporting an increase in NO activity, one supporting a biphasic effect, and five indicating no effect. MF effects on angiogenesis are also reported: seven studies supporting an increase and two a decrease. Possible reasons for these contradictions are explored. This review also considers the effects of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and anesthetics on microcirculation. Recommendations for future work include studies aimed at the cellular/mechanistic level, studies involving perfusion measurements both during and post-exposure, studies testing the effect of MFs on anesthetics, and investigation into the microcirculatory effects of MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia C McKay
- Bioelectromagnetics, Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pieber K, Schuhfried O, Fialka-Moser V. Magnetfeldtherapie – Ergebnisse hinsichtlich evidence based medicine. Wien Med Wochenschr 2007; 157:34-6. [PMID: 17471830 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-006-0369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Therapy with electromagnetic fields has a very old tradition in medicine. The indications are widespread, whereas little is known about the effects. Controlled randomizied studies with positive results for pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) are available for osteotomies, the healing of skin wounds, and osteoarthritis. Comparison of the studies is difficult because of the different doses applied and intervals of therapy. Therefore recommendations regarding an optimal dosis and interval are, depending on the disease, quite variable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Pieber
- Universitätsklinik für Physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Osterreich.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|