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Bhattacharya P, De S. Simple naturally occurring β-carboline alkaloids – role in sustainable theranostics. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This review is a brief treatise on some simple β-carboline alkaloids that are abundantly available in plants, animals and foodstuff. These alkaloids are well known for their pharmacological action as well as their allelopathic behaviour. The focus of this review is on sustainable use of naturally occurring compounds in safeguarding human health and protecting our environment at large i.e. the prospective applications of these molecules for Sustainable Theranostics. The review commences with an initial introduction to the β-carboline alkaloids, followed by an outlay of their geographical distribution and natural abundance, then the basic structure and building units of the simplest β-carboline alkaloids have been mentioned. This is followed by a discussion on the important methods of extraction from natural sources both plants and animals. Then the foundation for the use of these alkaloids in Sustainable Theranostics has been built by discussing their interesting photophysics, interactions with important biological molecules and an extensive survey of their therapeutic potential and allelopathic behaviour. Finally the review ends with a silver lining mentioning the future prospective applications of these alkaloids with special relevance to sustainability issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swati De
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , 741235 , India
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2
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Schenberg EE, Gerber K. Overcoming epistemic injustices in the biomedical study of ayahuasca: Towards ethical and sustainable regulation. Transcult Psychiatry 2022; 59:610-624. [PMID: 34986699 DOI: 10.1177/13634615211062962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
After decades of biomedical research on ayahuasca's molecular compounds and their physiological effects, recent clinical trials show evidence of therapeutic potential for depression. However, indigenous peoples have been using ayahuasca therapeutically for a very long time, and thus we question the epistemic authority attributed to scientific studies, proposing that epistemic injustices were committed with practical, cultural, social, and legal consequences. We question epistemic authority based on the double-blind design, the molecularization discourse, and contextual issues about safety. We propose a new approach to foster epistemically fair research, outlining how to enforce indigenous rights, considering the Brazilian, Peruvian, and Colombian cases. Indigenous peoples have the right to maintain, control, protect, and develop their biocultural heritage, traditional knowledge, and cultural expressions, including traditional medicine practices. New regulations about ayahuasca must respect the free, prior, and informed consent of indigenous peoples according to the International Labor Organization Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention no. 169. The declaration of the ayahuasca complex as a national cultural heritage may prevent patenting from third parties, fostering the development of traditional medicine. When involving isolated compounds derived from traditional knowledge, benefit-sharing agreements are mandatory according to the United Nations' Convention on Biological Diversity. Considering the extremely high demand to treat millions of depressed patients, the medicalization of ayahuasca without adequate regulation respectful of indigenous rights can be detrimental to indigenous peoples and their management of local environments, potentially harming the sustainability of the plants and of the Amazon itself, which is approaching its dieback tipping point.
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Luikham S, Mavani A, Bhattacharyya J. Deciphering binding affinity, energetics, and base specificity of plant alkaloid Harmane with AT & GC hairpin duplex DNA. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:691-701. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soching Luikham
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Nagaland Chumukedima Dimapur Nagaland India
| | - A. Mavani
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Nagaland Chumukedima Dimapur Nagaland India
| | - Jhimli Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Nagaland Chumukedima Dimapur Nagaland India
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4
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Alomar ML, Yañuk JG, Angel SO, Gonzalez MM, Cabrerizo FM. In vitro Effect of Harmine Alkaloid and Its N-Methyl Derivatives Against Toxoplasma gondii. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:716534. [PMID: 34421876 PMCID: PMC8375385 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.716534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is one of the most prevalent and neglected zoonotic global diseases caused by Toxoplasma gondii. The current pharmacological treatments show clinical limitations, and therefore, the search for new drugs is an urgent need in order to eradicate this infection. Due to their intrinsic biological activities, β-carboline (βC) alkaloids might represent a good alternative that deserves further investigations. In this context, the in vitro anti-T. gondii activity of three βCs, harmine (1), 2-methyl-harminium (2), and 9-methyl-harmine (3), was evaluated herein. Briefly, the three alkaloids exerted direct effects on the parasite invasion and/or replication capability. Replication rates of intracellular treated tachyzoites were also affected in a dose-dependent manner, at noncytotoxic concentrations for host cells. Additionally, cell cycle analysis revealed that both methyl-derivatives 2 and 3 induce parasite arrest in S/M phases. Compound 3 showed the highest irreversible parasite growth inhibition, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 1.8 ± 0.2 μM and a selectivity index (SI) of 17.2 at 4 days post infection. Due to high replication rates, tachyzoites are frequently subjected to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). This highly toxic lesion triggers a series of DNA damage response reactions, starting with a kinase cascade that phosphorylates a large number of substrates, including the histone H2A.X to lead the early DSB marker γH2A.X. Western blot studies showed that basal expression of γH2A.X was reduced in the presence of 3. Interestingly, the typical increase in γH2A.X levels produced by camptothecin (CPT), a drug that generates DSB, was not observed when CPT was co-administered with 3. These findings suggest that 3 might disrupt Toxoplasma DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Alomar
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Juan G Yañuk
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Sergio O Angel
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, INTECH, UNSAM - CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - M Micaela Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Franco M Cabrerizo
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
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Abdullahi SA, Unyah NZ, Nordin N, Basir R, Nasir WM, Alapid AA, Hassan Y, Mustapha T, Majid RA. Phytochemicals and Potential Therapeutic Targets on Toxoplasma gondii Parasite. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:739-753. [PMID: 31660810 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191029105736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Identification of drug target in protozoan T. gondii is an important step in the development of chemotherapeutic agents. Likewise, exploring phytochemical compounds effective against the parasite can lead to the development of new drug agent that can be useful for prophylaxis and treatment of toxoplasmosis. In this review, we searched for the relevant literature on the herbs that were tested against T. gondii either in vitro or in vivo, as well as different phytochemicals and their potential activities on T. gondii. Potential activities of major phytochemicals, such as alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoids and tannins on various target sites on T. gondii as well as other related parasites was discussed. It is believed that the phytochemicals from natural sources are potential drug candidates for the treatment of toxoplasmosis with little or no toxicity to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Alhassan Abdullahi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ngah Zasmy Unyah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rusliza Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wana Mohammed Nasir
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Ashraf Ahmad Alapid
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science-Alassaba, University of Gharyan, Gharyan, Libya
| | - Yahaya Hassan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
| | - Tijjani Mustapha
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yobe State University, Damaturi, Nigeria
| | - Roslaini Abd Majid
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
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Olmedo GM, Cerioni L, González MM, Cabrerizo FM, Rapisarda VA, Volentini SI. Antifungal activity of β-carbolines on Penicillium digitatum and Botrytis cinerea. Food Microbiol 2017; 62:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Gooyit M, Tricoche N, Javor S, Lustigman S, Janda KD. Exploiting the Polypharmacology of ß-Carbolines to Disrupt O. volvulus Molting. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:339-43. [PMID: 25815157 DOI: 10.1021/ml500516r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Onchocerciasis is an infection caused by the filarial worm Onchocerca volvulus, which can eventually result in blindness. The lack of an effective macrofilaricide and the possible development of ivermectin-resistant strains of O. volvulus necessitate the need for alternative treatment strategies. We have shown that targeting the L3-stage-specific chitinase OvCHT1 impairs the shedding of the filarial cuticle. In our continued efforts to discover OvCHT1 inhibitors, we identified the β-carboline alkaloid scaffolding as a chitinase inhibitor that is capable of penetrating the worm cuticle. Herein, we disclose the rich polypharmacology of the β-carboline class of compounds as an approach to abrogate the molting of the parasite and thus the initiation of infection in the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Major Gooyit
- Departments
of Chemistry and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute
for Chemical Biology, and The Worm Institute of Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nancy Tricoche
- Lindsley
F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Sacha Javor
- Departments
of Chemistry and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute
for Chemical Biology, and The Worm Institute of Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Sara Lustigman
- Lindsley
F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Kim D. Janda
- Departments
of Chemistry and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute
for Chemical Biology, and The Worm Institute of Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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8
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Rosengaus RB, Schultheis KF, Yalonetskaya A, Bulmer MS, DuComb WS, Benson RW, Thottam JP, Godoy-Carter V. Symbiont-derived β-1,3-glucanases in a social insect: mutualism beyond nutrition. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:607. [PMID: 25484878 PMCID: PMC4240165 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Termites have had a long co-evolutionary history with prokaryotic and eukaryotic gut microbes. Historically, the role of these anaerobic obligate symbionts has been attributed to the nutritional welfare of the host. We provide evidence that protozoa (and/or their associated bacteria) colonizing the hindgut of the dampwood termite Zootermopsis angusticollis, synthesize multiple functional β-1,3-glucanases, enzymes known for breaking down β-1,3-glucans, the main component of fungal cell walls. These enzymes, we propose, may help in both digestion of ingested fungal hyphae and protection against invasion by fungal pathogens. This research points to an additional novel role for the mutualistic hindgut microbial consortia of termites, an association that may extend beyond lignocellulolytic activity and nitrogen fixation to include a reduction in the risks of mycosis at both the individual- and colony-levels while nesting in and feeding on microbial-rich decayed wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca B. Rosengaus
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA
| | - Kelley F. Schultheis
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA
| | - Alla Yalonetskaya
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA
| | - Mark S. Bulmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson UniversityTowson, MD, USA
| | | | - Ryan W. Benson
- Department of Biology, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA
| | - John P. Thottam
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA
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9
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N-butyl-[1-(4-methoxy)phenyl-9H-β-carboline]-3-carboxamide prevents cytokinesis in Leishmania amazonensis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:7112-20. [PMID: 25224005 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03340-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a complex of diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, is endemic in 98 countries, affecting approximately 12 million people worldwide. Current treatments for leishmaniasis have many disadvantages, such as toxicity, high costs, and prolonged treatment, making the development of new treatment alternatives highly relevant. Several studies have verified the antileishmanial activity of β-carboline compounds. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro antileishmanial activity of N-butyl-[1-(4-methoxy)phenyl-9H-β-carboline]-3-carboxamide (β-CB) against Leishmania amazonensis. The compound was active against promastigote, axenic amastigote, and intracellular amastigote forms of L. amazonensis, exhibiting high selectivity for the parasite. Moreover, β-CB did not exhibit hemolytic or mutagenic potential. Promastigotes treated with the alkaloid presented rounding of the body cell, cell membrane projections, an increase in the number of promastigotes presenting two flagella, and parasites of abnormal phenotype, with three or more flagella and/or nuclei. Furthermore, we observed an increase in the subpopulation of cells in the G2/M stage of the cell cycle. Altogether, these results suggest that β-CB likely prevents cytokinesis, although it does not interfere with the duplication of cell structures. We also verified an increase in O2(·-) production and the accumulation of lipid storage bodies. Cell membrane integrity was maintained, in addition to the absence of phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, and autophagosomes. Although the possibility of an apoptotic process cannot be discarded, β-CB likely exerts its antileishmanial activity through a cytostatic effect, thus preventing cellular proliferation.
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10
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Moloudizargari M, Mikaili P, Aghajanshakeri S, Asghari MH, Shayegh J. Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Peganum harmala and its main alkaloids. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 7:199-212. [PMID: 24347928 PMCID: PMC3841998 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.120524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild Syrian rue (Peganum harmala L. family Zygophyllaceae) is well-known in Iran and various parts of this plant including, its seeds, bark, and root have been used as folk medicine. Recent years of research has demonstrated different pharmacological and therapeutic effects of P. harmala and its active alkaloids, especially harmine and harmaline. Analytical studies on the chemical composition of the plant show that the most important constituents of this plant are beta-carboline alkaloids such as harmalol, harmaline, and harmine. Harmine is the most studied among these naturally occurring alkaloids. In addition to P. harmala (Syrian rue), these beta-carbolines are present in many other plants such as Banisteria caapi and are used for the treatment of different diseases. This article reviews the traditional uses and pharmacological effects of total extract and individual active alkaloids of P. harmala (Syrian rue).
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Moloudizargari
- Student of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Peyman Mikaili
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shahin Aghajanshakeri
- Student of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Jalal Shayegh
- Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran
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The Effects of N-Butyl-1-(4-dimethylamino)phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- β -carboline-3-carboxamide against Leishmania amazonensis Are Mediated by Mitochondrial Dysfunction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:874367. [PMID: 23843887 PMCID: PMC3697299 DOI: 10.1155/2013/874367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The drugs that are available for the treatment of this infection exhibit high toxicity and various side effects. Several studies have focused on the development of new chemotherapeutic agents that are less toxic and more effective against trypanosomatids. We investigated the effects of N-butyl-1-(4-dimethylamino)phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxamide (C4) and its possible targets against L. amazonensis. The results showed morphological and ultrastructural alterations, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, the loss of cell membrane integrity, and an increase in the formation of mitochondrial superoxide anions in L. amazonensis treated with C4. Our results indicate that C4 is a selective antileishmanial agent, and its effects appear to be mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction.
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12
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Alomar ML, Rasse-Suriani FAO, Ganuza A, Cóceres VM, Cabrerizo FM, Angel SO. In vitro evaluation of β-carboline alkaloids as potential anti-Toxoplasma agents. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:193. [PMID: 23663567 PMCID: PMC3654986 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide infection caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which causes chorioretinitis and neurological defects in congenitally infected newborns or immunodeficient patients. The efficacy of the current treatment is limited, primarily by serious host toxicity. In recent years, research has focused on the development of new drugs against T. gondii. β-Carbolines (βCs), such as harmane, norharmane and harmine, are a group of naturally occurring alkaloids that show microbicidal activity. In this work, harmane, norharmane and harmine were tested against T. gondii. Findings The treatment of extracellular tachyzoites with harmane, norharmane and harmine showed a 2.5 to 3.5-fold decrease in the invasion rates at doses of 40 μM (harmane and harmine) and 2.5 μM (norharmane) compared with the untreated parasites. Furthermore, an effect on the replication rate could also be observed with a decrease of 1 (harmane) and 2 (norharmane and harmine) division rounds at doses of 5 to 12.5 μM. In addition, the treated parasites presented either delayed or no monolayer lysis compared with the untreated parasites. Conclusions The three βC alkaloids studied (norharmane, harmane and harmine) exhibit anti-T. gondii effects as evidenced by the partial inhibition of parasite invasion and replication. A dose–response effect was observed at a relatively low drug concentration (< 40 μM), at which no cytotoxic effect was observed on the host cell line (Vero).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Alomar
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, IIB-INTECH, CONICET/UNSAM, Av, Intendente Marino Km, 8,2, C,C 164, (B7130IIWA) Chascomús, Prov, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Leite Silva CMB, Garcia FP, Rodrigues JHDS, Nakamura CV, Ueda-Nakamura T, Meyer E, Ruiz ALTG, Foglio MA, de Carvalho JE, da Costa WF, Sarragiotto MH. Synthesis, antitumor, antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activities of benzo[4,5]canthin-6-ones bearing the N'-(Substituted benzylidene)-carbohydrazide and N-Alkylcarboxamide groups at C-2. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2013; 60:1372-9. [PMID: 23124560 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c12-00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel benzo[4,5]canthin-6-ones, bearing the N'-(substituted benzylidene)-carbohydrazide (11a-e) and N-alkylcarboxamide (13a-g) moieties at position-2, were synthesized and screened for their in vitro antitumor activity, against seven human cancer cell lines, and for antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activities against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis. The results indicated that N-methylpiperazyl-6-oxobenzo[4,5]canthine-2-carboxamide (13f) displayed potent antitumor activity with IC(50) values in the range of 1.15-8.46 µM for all cell lines tested. Compounds 13f and 13g bearing an N-methylpiperazylcarboxamide and N-morpholylcarboxamide at C-2, respectively, showed potent activities towards both Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis parasites, with IC(50) in the range of 0.4 to 16.70 µM.
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14
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Pedroso RB, Tonin LTD, Ueda-Nakamura T, Dias Filho BP, Sarragiotto MH, Nakamura CV. Beta-carboline-3-carboxamide derivatives as promising antileishmanial agents. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2012; 105:549-57. [PMID: 22325814 DOI: 10.1179/2047773211y.0000000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis has an overwhelming impact on global public health especially in tropical and subtropical countries and the currently available antileishmanial drugs have serious side effects and low efficacy. Natural and synthetic compounds have been tested in the past few years against Leishmania and the beta-carboline class of compounds have shown great results in antiparasitic chemotherapy. In the present study, three 1-substituted beta-carboline-3-carboxamides (3-5) and 1-substituted beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (2) were synthesized and screened for in vitro activity against L. amazonensis. Compound 5 (N-benzyl 1-(4-methoxy)phenyl-9H-beta-carboline-3-carboxamide) had the best activity against promastigote and axenic amastigote forms with IC(50) of 2·6 and 1·0 μM, respectively. Its CC(50) on macrophages cell line was higher than 2457·0 μM with an SI ratio of 930·2. Against intracellular amastigote forms, it had a dose-dependent relationship with a 50% growth inhibitory concentration of 1·0 μM. Through morphological and ultrastructure analysis of promastigote forms treated with compound 5, alterations on cell shape and number of flagella and nuclear membrane damage were observed. For this, compound 5 supports the idea for more in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Pedroso
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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15
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Costa EV, Pinheiro MLB, de Souza ADL, Barison A, Campos FR, Valdez RH, Ueda-Nakamura T, Filho BPD, Nakamura CV. Trypanocidal activity of oxoaporphine and pyrimidine-β-carboline alkaloids from the branches of Annona foetida Mart. (Annonaceae). Molecules 2011; 16:9714-20. [PMID: 22113579 PMCID: PMC6264547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16119714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the branches of Annona foetida Mart. led to isolation from the CH2Cl2 extract of four alkaloids: Atherospermidine (1), described for the first time in this species, liriodenine (2), O-methylmoschatoline (3), and annomontine (4). Their chemical structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data from IR, MS, NMR (1D and 2D), and comparison with the literature. Compounds 2–4 showed potent trypanocidal effect when evaluated against epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanoel Vilaça Costa
- LABORGANICS, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; (E.V.C.)
| | - Maria Lúcia Belém Pinheiro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas, 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel./Fax: +55-92-3305-4031
| | | | - Andersson Barison
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; (A.B.)
| | - Francinete Ramos Campos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; (F.R.C.)
| | - Rodrigo Hinojosa Valdez
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil; (R.H.V.); (T.U.-N.); (B.P.D.F.); (C.V.N.)
| | - Tânia Ueda-Nakamura
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil; (R.H.V.); (T.U.-N.); (B.P.D.F.); (C.V.N.)
| | - Benedito Prado Dias Filho
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil; (R.H.V.); (T.U.-N.); (B.P.D.F.); (C.V.N.)
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil; (R.H.V.); (T.U.-N.); (B.P.D.F.); (C.V.N.)
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Zayed R. Efficient in vitro elicitation of β-carboline alkaloids in transformed root cultures of Peganum harmala. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Bouayad N, Rharrabe K, Lamhamdi M, Nourouti NG, Sayah F. Dietary effects of harmine, a β-carboline alkaloid, on development, energy reserves and α-amylase activity of Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Saudi J Biol Sci 2010; 19:73-80. [PMID: 23961164 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological and developmental effects of harmine, a β-carboline alkaloid, on the insect pest Plodia interpunctella have been analyzed. When added at the larval diet, harmine induced a strong reduction of larvae weight, cannibalism between larvae, in addition to significant mortality. On the other hand, it caused a remarkable development disruption, manifested by both delay and reduction of pupation and adult emergence. Using spectrophotometric assays, we have shown that harmine ingestion provoked a severe reduction in protein, glycogen and lipid contents. Beside, when larvae fed harmine, the activity of the digestive enzyme α-amylase was strongly reduced. In conclusion, our experiments clearly show the susceptibility of P. interpunctella to harmine ingestion revealing the potent bioinsecticidal effect of harmine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureddin Bouayad
- Centre des Etudes Environnementales Méditerranéennes, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, BP: 416, Tangier, Morocco
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Rosenkranz V, Wink M. Alkaloids induce programmed cell death in bloodstream forms of trypanosomes (Trypanosoma b. brucei). Molecules 2008; 13:2462-73. [PMID: 18833031 PMCID: PMC6244846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13102462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential induction of a programmed cell death (PCD) in Trypanosoma b. brucei by 55 alkaloids of the quinoline, quinolizidine, isoquinoline, indole, terpene, tropane, steroid, and piperidine type was studied by measuring DNA fragmentation and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. For comparison, the induction of apoptosis by the same alkaloids in human leukemia cells (Jurkat APO-S) was tested. Several alkaloids of the isoquinoline, quinoline, indole and steroidal type (berberine, chelerythrine, emetine, sanguinarine, quinine, ajmalicine, ergotamine, harmine, vinblastine, vincristine, colchicine, chaconine, demissidine and veratridine) induced programmed cell death, whereas quinolizidine, tropane, terpene and piperidine alkaloids were mostly inactive. Effective PCD induction (EC(50) below 10 microM) was caused in T. brucei by chelerythrine, emetine, sanguinarine, and chaconine. The active alkaloids can be characterized by their general property to inhibit protein biosynthesis, to intercalate DNA, to disturb membrane fluidity or to inhibit microtubule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Wink
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology. INF 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Di Giorgio C, Delmas F, Ollivier E, Elias R, Balansard G, Timon-David P. In vitro activity of the β-carboline alkaloids harmane, harmine, and harmaline toward parasites of the species Leishmania infantum. Exp Parasitol 2004; 106:67-74. [PMID: 15172213 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2004.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2002] [Revised: 04/01/2004] [Accepted: 04/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Harmane, harmine, and harmaline were investigated for their in vitro antileishmanial activity toward parasites of the species Leishmania infantum. Harmane and Harmine displayed a moderate antiproliferative activity toward human monocytes and exerted a weak antileishmanial activity toward both the promastigote and the amastigote forms of the parasite. Their mechanism of action on the promastigote form of the parasite involved interactions with DNA metabolism leading to an accumulation of parasites in the S-G(2)M phases of the cell-cycle. Harmaline, at the contrary, was deprived from toxicity toward human cells and Leishmania promastigotes, however it exerted a strong antileishmanial activity toward the intracellular amastigote form of the parasite. This property was shown to partly result from the capacity of the molecule to prevent parasite internalization within macrophages by inhibiting Leishmania PKC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Di Giorgio
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Hygiène et Zoologie Facultè de Pharmacie, 27 Bd. Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France.
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Epstein CB, Hale W, Butow RA. Numerical methods for handling uncertainty in microarray data: an example analyzing perturbed mitochondrial function in yeast. Methods Cell Biol 2002; 65:439-52. [PMID: 11381609 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(01)65026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C B Epstein
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Abstract
In this "Critical Review" we made a historical introduction of drugs assayed against Chagas disease beginning in 1912 with the works of Mayer and Rocha Lima up to the experimental use of nitrofurazone. In the beginning of the 70s, nifurtimox and benznidazole were introduced for clinical treatment, but results showed a great variability and there is still a controversy about their use for chronic cases. After the introduction of these nitroheterocycles only a few compounds were assayed in chagasic patients. The great advances in vector control in the South Cone countries, and the demonstration of parasite in chronic patients indicated the urgency to discuss the etiologic treatment during this phase, reinforcing the need to find drugs with more efficacy and less toxicity. We also review potential targets in the parasite and present a survey about new classes of synthetic and natural compounds studied after 1992/1993, with which we intend to give to the reader a general view about experimental studies in the area of the chemotherapy of Chagas disease, complementing the previous papers of Brener (1979) and De Castro (1993).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Rodriques Coura
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
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